Journal articles: 'FMD'

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Doel, T. R. "FMD vaccines." Virus Research 91, no. 1 (January 2003): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1702(02)00261-7.

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Acosta Gallegos, Jorge Alberto, Bertha M. Sánchez-García, Yanet Jiménez-Hernández, Víctor Montero-Tavera, Francisco Manuel Mendoza Hernández, Guadalupe Herrera Hernández, and Laura Silva Rosales. "FLOR DE MAYO DOLORES: NUEVA VARIEDAD DE FRIJOL PARA RIEGO Y TEMPORAL EN GUANAJUATO." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 2, no. 6 (September 26, 2018): 993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v2i6.1601.

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El frijol de tipo Flor de Mayo es de alta demanda en la región del Altiplano Centro-Occidental de México. Se describe la nueva variedad de frijol Flor de Mayo Dolores (FMD); ésta se derivó de la cruza simple entre Flor de Mayo Anita (FMA) y FM 99016. En promedio de 14 ensayos conducidos de 2008 a 2010 bajo condiciones de riego y temporal en Guanajuato, el rendimiento de FMD y FMA resultó similar (2 167 vs 2 118 kg ha-1). El peso de 100 semillas promedio de diferentes localidades de FMD es ligeramente superior al de FMA en ambas condiciones, riego y temporal, y su forma de semilla es ovalada; mientras que el de FMA es alargado-aplanada. El tiempo promedio de cocción de FMD en cocedor tipo Mattson es de 95 min; mientras que FMA es de 110 min; el contenido promedio de proteína del grano de ambas variedades es 20%, con base a peso seco; mientras que el contenido

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Dyson, Edward W., Aswin Chari, Ahmed K. Toma, Lewis W. Thorne, and Laurence D. Watkins. "Failed Foramen Magnum Decompression in Chiari I Malformation Is Associated With Failure to Restore Normal Intracranial Compliance: An Observational Cohort Study." Neurosurgery 86, no. 6 (April 13, 2020): E552—E557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyaa079.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The standard treatment for symptomatic Chiari malformation (CM) I is foramen magnum decompression (FMD) to facilitate cerebral spinal fluid flow through the foramen magnum, improve intracranial compliance, and alleviate symptoms (commonly headache). This procedure has a variable success rate, with a significant proportion of patients having persistent symptoms after surgery. OBJECTIVE To investigate intracranial pressure (ICP) hydrodynamics in symptomatic surgery-naïve patients with CM I and symptomatic patients who have had prior FMD. METHODS We undertook a retrospective, observational cohort study, extracting data from our departmental ICP database. Patients with untreated (“Virgin”) Chiari malformations (VCM), patients with previous “failed” FMD (ie, with persistent classical Chiari symptoms) (fFMD) and a normal control group, all with existing continuous ICP monitoring date were included. Median ICP (mICP) and median pulse amplitude (mPA) were compared between the groups. RESULTS A total of 33 CM patients (22 VCM and 11 fFMD) and 42 normal controls were included for analysis. mICP did not differ significantly between the normal control, VCM, and fFMD groups. mPA in the VCM and fFMD groups was significantly higher than the control group (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively). CONCLUSION In this cohort, patients with persistent symptoms after FMD have persistently impaired intracranial compliance, similar to patients who have not undergone surgery at all when compared with a control group. The reasons for this are not clear, and further research is required to establish the causation and optimum management for failed FMD.

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Koppinen, Jouko. "UK FMD Diary." Australian Veterinary Journal 79, no. 6 (June 2001): 382–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2001.tb12974.x.

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Wingfield, A., H. Miller, and N. Honhold. "FMD control strategies." Veterinary Record 159, no. 6 (August 5, 2006): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.159.6.187-b.

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Davies, G. "FMD control measures." Veterinary Record 160, no. 3 (January 20, 2007): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.160.3.99.

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Donaldson, A. "FMD control measures." Veterinary Record 160, no. 4 (January 27, 2007): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.160.4.135-a.

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Jones, T. O. "FMD control measures." Veterinary Record 160, no. 4 (January 27, 2007): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.160.4.135-b.

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Wingfield, A., H. Miller, and N. Honhold. "FMD control strategies." Veterinary Record 158, no. 20 (May 20, 2006): 706–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.158.20.706-a.

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Keeling, M., M. Tildesley, N. Savill, M. Woolhouse, D. Shaw, R. Deardon, S. Brooks, and B. Grenfell. "FMD control strategies." Veterinary Record 158, no. 20 (May 20, 2006): 707–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.158.20.707.

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Woolhouse, M. "FMD control strategies." Veterinary Record 159, no. 14 (September 30, 2006): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.159.14.463.

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Wingfield, A., H. Miller, and N. Honhold. "FMD control strategies." Veterinary Record 159, no. 19 (November 4, 2006): 643–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.159.19.643-b.

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Khoury, Marianne H., and Heather L. Gornik. "Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD)." Vascular Medicine 22, no. 3 (April 3, 2017): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1358863x17700716.

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Takatsuka, Kayoko, Satoshi Sekiguchi, Hisaaki Yamaba, Kentaro Aburada, Masayuki Mukunoki, and Naonobu Okazaki. "FMD-VS: A virtual sensor to index FMD virus scattering." PLOS ONE 15, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): e0237961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237961.

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Ahn, Jemin, Lei Cheng, and In Ho Kim. "121 Dietary astragalus membranaceus and codonopsis pilosula extracts supplementation increases growth performance and FMD antibody titers in growing-finishing pigs." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.126.

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Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of herbal extract mixture (HEM, Astragalus membranaceus and Codonopsis pilosula) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and FMD antibody titers in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 120 FMD type O vaccinated growing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average initial BW of 25.19 ± 1.80 kg were randomly allotted into 3 treatments with 8 replicate of 5 pigs per pen for a 16-week feeding study. All pigs were vaccinated against FMD. Treatments consisted of CON, Corn-soybean meal based diet; TRT1, CON + 0.05% HEM; TRT2, CON + 0.1% HEM. Vaccinated pigs fed 0.1% HEM showed higher (P < 0.05) BW and ADG at week 12, 16, and overall period. The supplementation of HEM had no effect on DM, N or GE throughout the experiment (P > 0.05). Feeding 0.1% HEM showed higher FMD type O antibody titers (P < 0.05) at week 14 compared with non-supplemented group. These results indicated that 0.1% HEM supplementation conferred anti-viral effect against FMD, thereby improving ADG in the growing-finishing pigs. Herbal extract mixture could potentially be used as an anti-viral agent against FMDV.

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Blanchard, Alexandra, Josselin le Cour Grandmaison, In Ho Kim, and Yong Min Kim. "16 Standardized phytomolecules improve foot and mouth disease vaccine response in grower pigs." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.033.

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Abstract Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a severe viral disease with significant economic impact. In endemic countries, livestock may be vaccinated. Standardized capsicum and turmeric oleoresins have demonstrated a boosting effect of vaccination in broiler, but little is known on their efficacy in swine. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the efficiency of these phytomolecules to improve FMD vaccine response in pigs. Cross-breed pigs (n = 120) with body weight of 24.6 kg were allotted into 3 groups of 40 pigs and assigned into 10 replicates from days 70 to 112 of age. Following treatments were applied: NS: no vaccination; FMD-NS: FMD vaccination; FMD-XT: FMD vaccination + supplementation of XT-N (4% capsicum + 4% turmeric oleoresins, Pancosma, Switzerland) at 125 g/ton in feed. The FMD vaccine (Omanisa + O3039 + A22 Iraq-strain, Merial) was injected at day 78. Blood samples were collected at days 88, 93, 98 and 103 to evaluate antibody levels. Growth performance was evaluated at day 112. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS®. During the trial, non-vaccinated pigs (NS) did not display antibody titers against FMD, but vaccinated pigs (FMD-NS and FMD-XT) exhibited significant levels of FMD antibodies (P < 0.05). Pigs of FMD-XT group showed significant higher antibody levels at day 93 (P < 0.05), day 98 (P = 0.06) and day 103 (P < 0.05) in comparison to FMD-NS pigs. It indicated significant improvement of FMD vaccine response in comparison to the vaccinated control. At 112 days, FMD-NS pigs were numerically lighter (53.46 kg) in comparison to non-vaccinated pigs (53.89 kg). However, FMD-XT pigs were heavier (54.51 kg) in comparison to NS pigs (+0.62 kg, P >0.05) and FMD-NS pigs (+1.05 kg, P < 0.05). These findings showed that standardized phytomolecules (XT-N) incorporated into pig diet significantly supported FMD vaccination response and alleviated its negative effect on growth.

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King, Trevor J., and Kyra E. Pyke. "Evidence of a limb- and shear stress stimulus profile-dependent impact of high-intensity cycling training on flow-mediated dilation." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 45, no. 2 (February 2020): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2019-0151.

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Lower limb endurance training can improve conduit artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in response to transient increases in shear stress (reactive hyperemia; RH-FMD) in both the upper and lower limbs. Sustained increases in shear stress recruit a partially distinct transduction pathway and elicit a physiologically relevant FMD response (SS-FMD) that provides distinct information regarding endothelial function. However, the impact of training on SS-FMD is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of cycling training on handgrip exercise-induced brachial artery (BA) FMD (BA SS-FMD) and calf plantar-flexion-induced superficial femoral artery (SFA) FMD (SFA SS-FMD). RH-FMD was also assessed in both arteries. Twenty-eight young males were randomized to control (n = 12) or training (n = 16) groups. The training group cycled 30 min/day, 3 days/week for 4 weeks at 80% heart rate reserve. FMD was assessed in the BA and SFA before and after the intervention via Duplex ultrasound. Results are means ± SD. Training did not impact SS-FMD in either artery, and SFA RH-FMD was also unchanged (p > 0.05). When controlling for the shear rate stimulus via covariate analysis, BA RH-FMD improved in the training group (p = 0.05) (control – pre-intervention: 5.7% ± 2.4%, post-intervention: 5.3% ± 2.4%; training – pre-intervention: 5.4% ± 2.5%, post-intervention: 7.2% ± 2.4%). Thus, endurance training resulted in nonuniform adaptations to endothelial function, with an isolated impact on the BA’s ability to transduce a transient increase in shear stress. Novelty Training did not alter SS-FMD in the arm or leg. RH-FMD was augmented in the arm only. Thus training adaptations were limb- and shear stress profile-specific.

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Williams, J. S., M. Del Giudice, B. J. Gurd, and K. E. Pyke. "Reproducible improvement in endothelial function following two separate periods of high-intensity interval training in young men." Journal of Applied Physiology 129, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00054.2020.

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This is the first study examining endothelial function [flow-mediated dilation (FMD)] following repeated periods of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Two periods of HIIT separated by detraining resulted in reproducible group-level improvements in FMD. Despite considerable between-subject variability in FMD adaptation, individual FMD changes with the first HIIT period predicted FMD changes in the second period. This indicates the existence of reproducible between-subject differences in susceptibility to FMD improvement with HIIT.

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Islam, MS, MA Habib, PC Saha, PM Das, and MAH NA Khan. "Distribution of foot and mouth disease virus serotypes in cattle of Bangladesh." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 15, no. 1 (July 29, 2017): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v15i1.33148.

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Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral infection in cloven hoofed domestic and wild animals and endemic in many countries of the world including Bangladesh. Clinical investigation was carried out to identify natural cases of FMD and characteristics signs of FMD like salivation, ulceration in oral and pedal tissues and lameness was seen. The specific serotypes of FMD viruses involved in infected cattle were, therefore, identified using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Samples (N=97) from oral lesions was collected from infected cattle from seven divisions of Bangladesh during May to December, 2013. Viral RNA was extracted from the infected oral tissues and FMD virus specific uniplex RT-PCR was designed to detect FMD viruses. Multiplex RT-PCR was adapted to detect serotype specific amplicons. Out of 97 samples tested in uniplex and multiplex RT-PCR, 92 and 90 samples showed amplification reaction for FMD virus and viral serotypes respectively. Among the 90 FMD virus specific positive identification, single infectivity due to FMD viral Serotypes O, A and Asia 1 were seen in 56 (62.2%), 13 (14.4%) and 16 (17.8%) cases respectively. Three cattle (3.3%) were co-infected with FMD viral Serotypes O and Asia 1 and two (2.2%) with FMD viral Serotypes O and A. FMD viral serotype O was dominating all over the country followed by Asia1 and A. Cattle of Bangladesh were infected with FMD viral serotype O, A and Asia 1 alone or in combination. The RT-PCR protocols designed and adapted successfully detected FMD viruses and viral serotypes in a fraction of the time required for virus isolation and serological detection. These RT-PCR protocols can be used for rapid serotyping of FMD viruses from filed infectivity and selection of vaccine viruses.SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 33-42 (2017)

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Safi, Morteza, Mohammad Parsa Mahjoob, Saeed Nateghi, Isa Khaheshi, Mohammad Ali Akbarzadeh, and Mohammadreza Naderian. "The Assessment of short-term effect of L-Citrulline on endothelial function via FMD to NMD ratio in known CAD patients: A randomized, cross-over clinical trial (Clinical trial number: NCT02638727)." Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine 55, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjim-2016-0045.

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Abstract Background. Recent studies have confirmed the essential and paramount role of the L-Citrulline on the nitric oxide regulation and the endothelial function improvement. Materials and Methods. In this cross-over clinical trial, thirty patients, diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) and flow mediated dilation to nitroglycerin dependent vasodilation (FMD/NMD) ratio less than 1, were included. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 15 patients and underwent treatment by L-Citrulline or placebo for 15 days, in 2 step protocol. The indicators of assessment in the current study were the ratio of the FMD/NMD and FMD value. Results. In the current cross-over clinical trial, the mean of FMD to NMD ratio and mean FMD value of all patients before starting the protocol were 0.91 ± 0.08 and 4.04 ± 0.51 mm, respectively. The final results of study showed that following L-Citrulline administration, mean FMD to NMD ratio and mean FMD value were enhanced to: 1.03 ± 0.09 and 4.96 ± 0.72 mm, respectively, which were statistically significant (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). However, following placebo administration, mean FMD to NMD ratio and mean FMD value were receded to: 0.92 ± 0.09 and 4.06 ± 0.22 mm, respectively, which were not statistically significant (P = 0.75 and P = 0.89, respectively). Moreover, the improvement of mean FMD to NMD ratio (0.12 ± 0.02) and mean FMD value (0.92 ± 0.16 mm), following L-Citrulline administration, were statistically significant in comparison with the change of mean FMD to NMD ratio (0.01 ± 0.002) and mean FMD value (0.02 ± 0.003), following placebo administration (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion. L-Citrulline treatment can lead to improvement of the endothelial function in patients diagnosed with CAD which are assessed via FMD to NMD ratio FMD value enhancements.

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Shelar, R. R., S. U. Gulavane, M. P. Sawane, S. M. Gaikwad, U. B. Kumbhar, and R. J. Chaudhari. "Effect of Vaccination on Sexual Behavior of PandharpuriBuffalo Bulls." INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 15, no. 01 (July 7, 2019): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21887/ijvsbt.15.1.18.

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The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of vaccination on the sexual behavior of six Pandharpuri buffalo bulls. The bulls were vaccinated against HS-BQ in July and FMD-I in September and FMD-II in February. The work was divided into four periods, viz., control/pre-vaccination period (Nov-Jan), and post-HS-BQ, FMD-I and FMD-II vaccination periods. Overall mean libido and sexual behavior score of bulls during the pre-vaccination period was 90.76±0.19 percent, which significantly decreased for first three (76.65±2.79 to 79.17±2.39), two (77.50±1.71, 76.67±3.07) and one (79.15±2.71) week after FMD-II, FMD-I, and HS-BQ vaccination, respectively. Mean reaction time (seconds) of bulls during vaccination free period was 46.25±0.14, it increased significantly in first four (59.17±2.01 to 56.67±2.11), three (56.67±2.11 to 57.50±2.14) and one (57.50±2.81) week post-FMD-II, FMD-I, and HS-BQ vaccination, respectively. FMD-II (February) vaccination had a more harmful effect on sexual behavior and reaction time compared to FMD-I (September) vaccination, perhaps due to the succeeding summer season. It was concluded that sexual rest should be recommended for three, two and oneweek post-FMD-II, FMD-I and HS-BQ vaccination, respectively, return to normal sexual behavior in Pandharpuri buffalo breeding bulls.

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Talarowska, Paulina, Piotr Dobrowolski, Anna Klisiewicz, Anna Kostera-Pruszczyk, Anna Członkowska, Iwona Kurkowska-Jastrzębska, Dariusz Gąsecki, et al. "High incidence and clinical characteristics of fibromuscular dysplasia in patients with spontaneous cervical artery dissection: The ARCADIA-POL study." Vascular Medicine 24, no. 2 (February 10, 2019): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1358863x18811596.

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The association between fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and spontaneous cervical artery dissection (SCeAD) has been recognized, but the available evidence on this relationship is scant. Therefore, the main goal of our study was to systematically evaluate FMD frequency, clinical characteristics and vascular bed involvement in patients with SCeAD. Among 230 patients referred to the ARCADIA-POL study, 43 patients (mean age 44.1 ± 8.9 years; 15 men and 28 women) with SCeAD were referred. Also, 135 patients with FMD were compared to patients with and without SCeAD. Patients underwent: ambulatory blood pressure measurements, biochemical evaluation, echocardiographic examination, and whole body computed tomographic angiography. FMD changes were found in 39.5% of patients with SCeAD. There were no differences in clinical characteristics between patients with SCeAD and FMD and those without FMD, except for a tendency towards a higher female ratio in SCeAD patients with FMD. There were no differences in other parameters describing target organ and SCeAD characteristics. Patients with SCeAD and FMD compared to those without SCeAD were characterized by a lower frequency of hypertension and a higher frequency of hyperlipidemia and history of contraceptive hormone use. Our study indicates a high incidence (39.5%) of FMD in subjects with SCeAD. Since there are no distinctive discriminating factors between patients with SCeAD and FMD and those without FMD, FMD should be suspected in all patients with SCeAD.

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Yano, Terdsak, Sith Premashthira, Tosapol Dejyong, Sahatchai Tangtrongsup, and Mo D. Salman. "The Effectiveness of a Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreak Control Programme in Thailand 2008–2015: Case Studies and Lessons Learned." Veterinary Sciences 5, no. 4 (December 6, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5040101.

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Three Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks in northern Thailand that occurred during the implementation of the national FMD strategic plan in 2008–2015 are described to illustrate the lessons learned and to improve the prevention and control of future outbreaks. In 2008, during a FMD outbreak on a dairy farm, milk delivery was banned for 30 days. This was a part of movement management, a key strategy for FMD control in dairy farms in the area. In 2009, more than half the animals on a pig farm were affected by FMD. Animal quarantine and restricted animal movement played a key role in preventing the spread of FMD. In 2010, FMD infection was reported in a captive elephant. The suspected source of virus was a FMD-infected cow on the same premises. The infected elephant was moved to an elephant hospital that was located in a different province before the diagnosis was confirmed. FMD education was given to elephant veterinarians to promote FMD prevention and control strategies in this unique species. These three cases illustrate how differences in outbreak circumstances and species require the implementation of a variety of different FMD control and prevention measures. Control measures and responses should be customized in different outbreak situations.

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Johns, Jarrett A., Myles W. O’Brien, Amanda Bungay, and Derek S. Kimmerly. "Sex and light physical activity impact popliteal, but not brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in physically active young adults." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 45, no. 12 (December 2020): 1387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0308.

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When controlling for baseline diameter, males have greater brachial flow-mediated dilation (BA-FMD) responses than females. It is unclear whether sex differences in baseline diameter also influences popliteal FMD (POP-FMD), which may be impacted by cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity levels. We hypothesized that males would exhibit greater BA-FMD and POP-FMD when allometrically scaled to baseline diameter. FMD (ultrasonography), cardiorespiratory fitness (indirect calorimetry), and objectively measured physical activity were assessed in males (n = 13; age, 23 ± 3 years; peak oxygen consumption, 48.0 ± 7.1 mL·kg−1·min−1) and females (n = 13; age, 24 ± 2 years; peak oxygen consumption, 36.8 ± 6.0 mL·kg−1·min−1). Both groups had similarly high levels of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (503 ± 174 vs. 430 ± 142 min·week−1, p = 0.25). However, males were more aerobically fit (p < 0.001) and females accumulated more light-intensity physical activity (182 ± 67 vs. 127 ± 53 min·week−1, p = 0.03). Relative and allometrically scaled BA-FMD were similar (both, p ≥ 0.09) between sexes. In contrast, relative (6.2% ± 1.0% vs. 4.6% ± 1.4%, p = 0.001) and scaled (6.8% ± 1.7% vs. 4.7% ± 1.7%, p = 0.03) POP-FMD were greater in females. Relative POP-FMD was related to light-intensity physical activity in the pooled sample (r = 0.43; p = 0.04). However, the enhanced relative POP-FMD in females remained after adjusting for higher light-intensity physical activity levels (p = 0.01). Young females have enhanced popliteal, but not brachial, endothelial health than males with similar moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity levels and higher cardiorespiratory fitness. Novelty In physically active adults, females had greater POP-FMD but not BA-FMD than males. The enhanced POP-FMD in females was not related to greater vascular smooth muscle sensitivity to nitric oxide or their smaller baseline diameters. POP-FMD was associated with light physical activity levels in the pooled sample.

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Szijgyarto, Ingrid C., Trevor J. King, Jennifer Ku, Veronica J. Poitras, Brendon J. Gurd, and Kyra E. Pyke. "The impact of acute mental stress on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation differs when shear stress is elevated by reactive hyperemia versus handgrip exercise." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 38, no. 5 (May 2013): 498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2012-0328.

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Acute mental stress can impair brachial artery (BA) flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in response to reactive hyperemia (RH) induced increases in shear stress. Handgrip exercise (HGEX) is emerging as a useful tool to increase shear stress for FMD assessment; however, the impact of acute mental stress on HGEX-FMD is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether acute mental stress attenuates RH- and HGEX-induced BA-FMD to a similar extent. In 2 counterbalanced visits, 16 healthy males (19–27 years of age) performed RH-FMD or HGEX-FMD tests after a counting control task (prestress FMD) and a speech and arithmetic stress task (poststress FMD). BA diameter and mean blood velocity were assessed with echo and Doppler ultrasound, respectively. Shear stress was estimated using shear rate (SR = BA blood velocity/BA diameter). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and salivary cortisol were used to assess stress reactivity. Results are expressed as mean ± SE. The stress task elevated MAP (Δ24.0 ± 2.6 mm Hg) and HR (Δ15.5 ± 1.9 beats·min–1), but not cortisol (prestress vs. poststress: 4.4 ± 0.7 nmol·L–1 vs. 4.7 ± 0.7 nmol·L–1; p = 0.625). There was no difference between the pre- and poststress SR stimulus for RH (p = 0.115) or HGEX (p = 0.664). RH-FMD decreased from 5.2% ± 0.6% prestress to 4.1% ± 0.5% poststress (p = 0.071); however, stress did not attenuate HGEX-FMD (prestress vs. poststress: 4.1% ± 0.6% vs. 5.3% ± 0.6%; p = 0.154). The pre- to poststress change in FMD was significantly different in the RH-FMD vs. the HGEX-FMD test (–1.1% ± 0.6% vs. +1.1% ± 0.8%; p = 0.015). In conclusion, acute mental stress appears to have a disparate impact on FMD stimulated by RH vs. HGEX induced increases in shear stress.

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Rodriguez, Gustavo, Tatiana Chacon-Quesada, Gavito-Higuera Jose, Salvador Cruz-Flores, Alberto Maud, and Ihtesham Qureshi. "Cervical Arterial Fibromuscular Dysplasia in a Biethnic Population: A Retrospective Study in the U.S.–Mexican Border." International Journal of Angiology 26, no. 04 (October 31, 2016): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1593773.

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Background There have been studies trying to characterize Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD); however, most of them are based in mainly non-Hispanic sample. The objective of this study is to better understand the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of craniocervical FMD in the Hispanic population. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the cerebral angiograms performed in our center in a period of 3.5 years under any indication looking for angiographic patterns of FMD. Exclusion criteria consisted of cases in which the first angiogram was done when the patients were younger than 18 years. Patients were subdivided based on those with FMD and those without it for baseline characteristics and were looked for any associations. We further compared the same baseline characteristics among Hispanic FMD and non-Hispanic FMD population. A chart review was conducted looking for clinical features and vascular events. Results We analyzed 448 angiograms among patients younger than 18 years. We identified 47 patients with evidence of FMD involving the cervical arteries and 401 patients without FMD. Of the 47 patients with FMD in our neuroendovascular registry, we found that 76.6% were women and 57.4% were Hispanics. There was no statistical significant difference when comparing the variables across ethnicities, except history of cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia. The most common associated supra-aortic arterial lesions seen in the FMD group were intracranial aneurysm and arterial dissections. We then used same variables to compare Hispanic FMD with non-Hispanic FMD. We have found that there has been a positive association of cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia with FMD (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion Our study suggests that FMD affecting the carotid and vertebral arteries has similar demographic pattern across ethnicities in the United States. In Hispanics, the disease appears to have a predilection for women and history of cigarette smoking. Intracranial aneurysm and arterial dissection were the most commonly associated arterial lesions.

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SAKAMOTO, Kenichi. "FMD Outbreak in Taiwan." Journal of Veterinary Epidemiology 16, no. 1 (2011): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2743/jve.16.74.

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Murray, Dr Gardner. "International conference on FMD." Australian Veterinary Journal 80, no. 1-2 (January 2002): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2002.tb12824.x.

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Dekker, A. "Biosecurity and FMD transmission." Veterinary Record 168, no. 5 (February 4, 2011): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.d693.

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Donaldson, A. I. "Eradication of FMD virus." Veterinary Record 158, no. 16 (April 22, 2006): 571–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.158.16.571-b.

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Leslie, N. W. "Eradication of FMD virus." Veterinary Record 158, no. 21 (May 27, 2006): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.158.21.742-a.

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Thomas, Tim. "FMD safe and feasible." Nature Cancer 3, no. 12 (December 20, 2022): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43018-022-00452-4.

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Lozovoy, D. A. "FMD epidemic situation and implementation of joint CIS measures for FMD control." Veterinaria i kormlenie, no. 2 (2018): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30917/att-vk-1814-9588-2018-2-16.

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Järvisalo, Mikko J., Tapani Rönnemaa, Iina Volanen, Tuuli Kaitosaari, Katariina Kallio, Jaakko J. Hartiala, Kerttu Irjala, Jorma S. A. Viikari, Olli Simell, and Olli T. Raitakari. "Brachial artery dilatation responses in healthy children and adolescents." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 282, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): H87—H92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2002.282.1.h87.

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To characterize brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in children, we monitored arterial diameter changes with ultrasound between 40 and 180 s after a 4.5-min forearm cuff occlusion-induced hyperemia in 105 healthy children (mean age, 11 yr; range, 9–16 yr). The peak FMD was 7.7 ± 4.0% and occurred 79 ± 33 s after cuff release. FMD at 60 s (5.3 ± 4.0%) was significantly lower than the peak FMD ( P < 0.0001). Twenty-three percent of the children ( n = 24) reached peak FMD first after 110 s of postocclusion. Compared with others, these late responders weighed less, had smaller vessel size, and were more often girls, but had similar peak FMD. In multivariate analysis, FMD responses were inversely associated with brachial artery baseline diameter and serum cholesterol concentration. We conclude that the time to reach the peak FMD response in children varies considerably. When studying endothelial function in children with the use of the noninvasive ultrasound method, several brachial artery diameter measurements up to 120 s after cuff release are needed to determine the true FMD peak response.

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Holder, Sophie M., Rosa Maria Bruno, Daria A. Shkredova, Ellen A. Dawson, Helen Jones, Nicola D. Hopkins, Maria T. E. Hopman, et al. "Reference Intervals for Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation and the Relation With Cardiovascular Risk Factors." Hypertension 77, no. 5 (May 2021): 1469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15754.

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Endothelial function, assessed using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), predicts future cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study established age- and sex-specific reference intervals for brachial artery FMD in healthy individuals and examined the relation with CVD risk factors. In a retrospective study design, we pooled brachial artery FMD (acquired according to expert-consensus guidelines for FMD protocol and analysis) and participant characteristics/medical history from 5362 individuals (4–84 years; 2076 females). Healthy individuals (n=1403 [582 females]) were used to generate age-/sex-specific percentile curves. Subsequently, we included individuals with CVD risk factors, without overt disease (unmedicated n=3167 [1247 females] and medicated n=792 [247 females]). Multiple linear regression tested the relation of CVD risk factors (body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking) with FMD. Healthy males showed a negative, curvilinear relation between FMD and age, while females revealed a negative linear relation that started higher but declined at a faster rate than males. Age- and sex-specific differences in FMD relate, at least partly, to baseline artery diameter. FMD was related to CVD risk factors in unmedicated (eg, systolic/diastolic blood pressure) and medicated individuals (eg, diabetes/dyslipidemia). Sex mediated some of these effects ( P <0.05), with normalization of FMD in medicated men, but not women with dyslipidemia. In conclusion, sex alters the age-related decline in FMD, which may partly be explained through differences in baseline diameter. Sex also alters the influence of some CVD risk factors and medication on FMD. This work improves interpretation and future use of the FMD technique.

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Pappaccogli, Marco, Aleksander Prejbisz, Simina Ciurică, Rosa Maria Bruno, Anna Aniszczuk-Hybiak, Irene Bracalente, Tine De Backer, et al. "Pregnancy-Related Complications in Patients With Fibromuscular Dysplasia." Hypertension 76, no. 2 (August 2020): 545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15349.

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Current literature suggests a higher risk of pregnancy-related complications in patients with renal fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). The aim of our study was to assess the nature and prevalence of pregnancy-related complications in patients subsequently diagnosed with FMD. A call for participation was sent to centers contributing to the European/International FMD Registry. Patients with at least 1 pregnancy were included. Data on pregnancy were collected through medical files and FMD characteristics through the European/International FMD Registry. Data from 534 pregnancies were obtained in 237 patients. Despite the fact that, in 96% of cases, FMD was not diagnosed before pregnancy, 40% of women (n=93) experienced pregnancy-related complications, mostly gestational hypertension (25%) and preterm birth (20%), while preeclampsia was reported in only 7.5%. Only 1 patient experienced arterial dissection and another patient an aneurysm rupture. When compared with patients without pregnancy-related complications, patients with complicated pregnancies were younger at FMD diagnosis (43 versus 51 years old; P <0.001) and had a lower prevalence of cerebrovascular FMD (30% versus 52%; P =0.003) but underwent more often renal revascularization (63% versus 40%, P <0.001). In conclusion, the prevalence of pregnancy-related complications such as gestational hypertension and preterm birth was high in patients with FMD, probably related to the severity of renal FMD. However, the prevalence of preeclampsia and arterial complications was low/moderate. These findings emphasize the need to screen hypertensive women for FMD to ensure revascularization before pregnancy if indicated and appropriate follow-up during pregnancy, without discouraging patients with FMD from considering pregnancy.

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Singh, Raj Kumar, Gaurav Kumar Sharma, Sonalika Mahajan, Kuldeep Dhama, Suresh H. Basagoudanavar, Madhusudan Hosamani, B. P. Sreenivasa, Wanpen Chaicumpa, Vivek Kumar Gupta, and Aniket Sanyal. "Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus: Immunobiology, Advances in Vaccines and Vaccination Strategies Addressing Vaccine Failures—An Indian Perspective." Vaccines 7, no. 3 (August 16, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7030090.

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A mass vaccination campaign in India seeks to control and eventually eradicate foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Biosanitary measures along with FMD monitoring are being conducted along with vaccination. The implementation of the FMD control program has drastically reduced the incidence of FMD. However, cases are still reported, even in regions where vaccination is carried out regularly. Control of FMD outbreaks is difficult when the virus remains in circulation in the vaccinated population. Various FMD risk factors have been identified that are responsible for FMD in vaccinated areas. The factors are discussed along with strategies to address these challenges. The current chemically inactivated trivalent vaccine formulation containing strains of serotype O, A, and Asia 1 has limitations including thermolability and induction of only short-term immunity. Advantages and disadvantages of several new-generation alternate vaccine formulations are discussed. It is unfeasible to study every incidence of FMD in vaccinated animals/areas in such a big country as India with its huge livestock population. However, at the same time, it is absolutely necessary to identify the precise reason for vaccination failure. Failure to vaccinate is one reason for the occurrence of FMD in vaccinated areas. FMD epidemiology, emerging and re-emerging virus strains, and serological status over the past 10 years are discussed to understand the impact of vaccination and incidences of vaccination failure in India. Other factors that are important in vaccination failure that we discuss include disrupted herd immunity, health status of animals, FMD carrier status, and FMD prevalence in other species. Recommendations to boost the search of alternate vaccine formulation, strengthen the veterinary infrastructure, bolster the real-time monitoring of FMD, as well as a detailed investigation and documentation of every case of vaccination failure are provided with the goal of refining the control program.

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Kadian-Dodov, Daniella, Judith Z. Goldfinger, Susan Gustavson, and Jeffrey W. Olin. "Natural History of Cervical Artery Fibromuscular Dysplasia and Associated Neurovascular Events." Cerebrovascular Diseases 46, no. 1-2 (2018): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000491437.

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Background and Purpose: Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atherosclerotic arteriopathy most often affecting the carotid and renal arteries. In the United States Registry for FMD, 41.7% of patients experienced an aneurysm and/or dissection by the time of entry into the Registry. We sought to determine the occurrence of neurovascular events after FMD diagnosis and any changes on cervical artery imaging that may be attributable to FMD. Methods: Patients followed at the Mount Sinai Medical Center (US Registry for FMD enrollment center) with confirmed FMD and > 1 cervical artery imaging study (at least ± 6 months from the baseline carotid duplex ultrasound [CDU]) between the years 2003 and 2015 were included. Medical records and cervical artery imaging ([CDU], magnetic resonance angiogram [MRA], and computed tomography angiogram [CTA]) were reviewed. New arterial dissection, aneurysm, transient ischemic attack, stroke, or new FMD findings were recorded. Results: Among 146 FMD patients with complete information, 52 (35.6%) had an aneurysm and 52 (35.6%) had a dissection. Mean clinical follow-up was 35.3 ± 25.3 months (range 5–153 months); patients underwent 4 ± 2.7 CDU (range 1–17); 86.3% had ≥1 neck MRA or CTA. After FMD diagnosis, 3 patients (2%) experienced a new carotid artery dissection; 1 patient experienced a stroke due to concomitant atherosclerosis. No new aneurysms occurred. In patients with cervical artery FMD, imaging findings remained stable throughout follow-up. No patient developed new cervical artery FMD findings on follow-up imaging. Conclusions: No new cervical artery FMD or aneurysm was observed on subsequent imaging. New carotid dissection was uncommon over a mean follow-up period of 35.3 ± 25.3 months and was the only non-atherosclerotic vascular event observed after FMD diagnosis.

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De Groote, Marie, Patricia Van der Niepen, Dimitri Hemelsoet, Bert Callewaert, Frank Vermassen, Jean-Marie Billiouw, An De Vriese, Jan Donck, and Tine De Backer. "Fibromuscular dysplasia – results of a multicentre study in Flanders." Vasa 46, no. 3 (May 1, 2017): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000613.

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Abstract. Background: Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an idiopathic, non-inflammatory, non-atherosclerotic vascular disease, resulting in focal narrowing of small and medium-sized arteries. Systematic recording of clinical data in central databases as in the US and France provided new insights into FMD. The main objectives of this multicentre study were to explore the epidemiology, pattern of vascular involvement, clinical manifestations, and management of FMD patients in Flanders. Patients and methods: Multicentre, retrospective registry of patients diagnosed with FMD based on medical imaging. Results: Hundred-twenty-three FMD patients (83.7 % female) were included. Mean age at FMD diagnosis was 57.3 years (SD 15.8). More than half of patients (59.5 %) were hypertensive at the time of diagnosis. Neurological complaints such as headache (26.4 %) and dizziness (23.1 %) were also frequently reported. FMD was discovered incidentally in 10 patients (8.3 %). Nearly one quarter (22.8 %) of patients experienced a cerebrovascular event. Aneurysms were found in one-fifth (20.3 %) of patients and 11.4 % had an arterial dissection. FMD affected most frequently the renal (85.3 %), carotid (74.7 %), and vertebral (39.8 %) arteries. Renovascular FMD was more prevalent in men, whereas cerebrovascular FMD was more frequent in women. Multiple affected sites were documented in 25 of 61 (41.0 %) patients, having two or more vascular beds imaged. Digital subtraction angiography was most frequently used for detecting FMD. One third (32.9 %) of patients received an interventional treatment, mainly patients with renovascular FMD (32.8 % underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty) and patients with an intracranial carotid aneurysm (36.4 % were treated by means of coiling). Conclusions: Although differences existed, results of the Flemish registry were broadly in line with the US and French registries. Patient databases help to learn more about the natural history, progression, and management of FMD, based on real life clinical evidence.

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Warchol-Celinska, Ewa, Aleksander Prejbisz, Piotr Dobrowolski, Anna Klisiewicz, Jacek Kadziela, Elzbieta Florczak, Ilona Michalowska, et al. "Systematic and Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Fibromuscular Dysplasia Patients Reveals High Prevalence of Previously Undetected Fibromuscular Dysplasia Lesions and Affects Clinical Decisions." Hypertension 75, no. 4 (April 2020): 1102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13239.

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Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), regarded as a generalized vascular disease, may affect all vascular beds and may result in arterial stenosis, occlusion, aneurysm, or dissection. It has been proposed to systematically evaluate all vascular beds in patients with FMD, regardless of initial FMD involvement. However, the impact of this approach on clinical decisions and on management is unknown. Within the prospective ARCADIA-POL study (Assessment of Renal and Cervical Artery Dysplasia–Poland), we evaluated 232 patients with FMD lesions confirmed in at least one vascular bed, out of 343 patients included in the registry. All patients underwent a detailed clinical evaluation including computed tomography angiography of intracranial and cervical arteries, as well as computed tomography angiography of the abdominal aorta, its branches, and upper and lower extremity arteries. In the study group, FMD lesions were most frequently found in renal arteries (87.5%). FMD was also found in cerebrovascular (24.6%), mesenteric (13.8%), and upper (3.0%) and lower extremity (9.9 %) arteries. Newly diagnosed FMD lesions were found in 34.1% of the patients, and previously undetected vascular complications were found in 25% of the patients. Among all FMD patients included in the study, one out of every 4 evaluated patients qualified for interventional treatment due to newly diagnosed FMD lesions or vascular complications. The ARCADIA-POL study shows for the first time that the systematic and multidisciplinary evaluation of patients with FMD based on a whole-body computed tomography angiography scan has an impact on their clinical management. This proved the necessity of the systematic evaluation of all vascular beds in patients with FMD, regardless of initial FMD involvement.

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Chang, Yu-Ching, Yung-Chih Cheng, Ting-Fang Wang, and Shu-Mei Liang. "Studies on the biological function of virus-like particles of foot and mouth disease (160.13)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2012): 160.13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.160.13.

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Abstract Foot and mouth disease (FMD), a severe and highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, is the most economically devastating livestock disease in the world. The development of a cheap and noninfectious virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine has now attracted worldwide interest. In this study, we used SUMO fusion technology to produce a VLP of FMD virus (FMDV). The purified FMD-VLPs morphologically resembled FMD virions and were able to interact with host receptors in a manner similar to FMDV. Immunization of guinea pig or swine with FMD-VLPs resulted in the production of anti-FMDV neutralizing antibodies. RT-PCR analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the FMD-VLPs-immunized swine revealed that FMD-VLPs enhanced the transcription of Th1-like cytokines (IFN- and IL-2) and Th2-like cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). Further investigation of the immune mechanisms revealed that FMD-VLPs induced maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) via toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) to induce CD4+ and CD8+ T proliferation. These results suggest that FMD-VLPs could be used as an effective vaccine candidate against FMDV.

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Savastano, Maria Cristina, Luca Santoro, Emanuele Crincoli, Claudia Fossataro, Gloria Gambini, Alfonso Savastano, Umberto De Vico, et al. "Radial Peripapillary Capillary Plexus Perfusion and Endothelial Dysfunction in Early Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection." Vision 6, no. 2 (May 16, 2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision6020026.

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Background: Endothelial cells damage and thromboinflammation are considered key elements in the generation of organ impairment in patients with COVID-19 disease. The endothelial function is evaluated by measuring flow-mediated dilation (FMD). We aimed to analyze the association between FMD impairment and retinal vascular parameters in early post-COVID-19 patients. 00118-00199Tomography (OCT), OCT Angiography (OCTA) and slit lamp examination were performed. FMD ≤ 7% was considered as pathological. Our primary outcome was to assess potential differences in the radial peripapillary capillary plexus flow index (RPCP-FI) and RPCP density (RPCP-D) values between post-COVID-19 patients with and without FMD impairment. The associations of other retinal vascular parameters with FMD impairment were assessed as secondary endpoints. Results: FMD impairment was detected in 31 patients (37.8%). RPCP-FI (p = 0.047), age (p = 0.048) and prevalence of diabetes (p = 0.046) significantly differed in patients with FMD ≤ 7% in regression analysis. RPCP-FI was linearly correlated with FMD values (R = 0.244, p =0.027). SCT was found to be lower in patients with impaired FMD (p = 0.004), although this difference was only a trend in binary logistic regression output (p = 0.07). Conclusions: Early post-COVID-19 patients showed a higher prevalence of FMD impairment compared to the general population. Age, diabetes and RPCP-FI were independently correlated with the presence of endothelial impairment in the early post-infective period.

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Krishnamoorth, P., N. KARTHIKA, T. R. SANGEETHA, K. P. SURESH, R. SRIDEVI, and B. R. SHOME. "Foot and mouth disease prevalence in cattle and buffaloes from India determined by systematic review and meta-analysis." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 92, no. 6 (April 8, 2022): 682–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i6.121287.

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In the present study, Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) prevalence in cattle and buffaloes from India was determined by employing systematic review and meta-analysis. The FMD prevalence studies (73) reported during 1986-2021 were obtained from online databases, offline literatures and meta-analysis by using meta package in R-Software was done. The pooled FMD prevalence in India was 43% (95% level CI 35-52%, PI 3-94%) obtained by using 5,00,267 samples. Period-wise analysis revealed a higher prevalence of 68% during 1986-2000 than recent years. A higher FMD prevalence in east zone (59%), and lower in central zone (24%) was observed. Among 19 states, a higher prevalence of FMD was detected in Rajasthan (81%) and lower in Andaman and Nicobar (3%). Species-wise analysis indicated a higher prevalence in cattle (45%) than buffaloes (30%). The method-wise analysis revealed a higher prevalence in antigen detection (49%) than the antibody detection (42%) methods. The FMD seroprevalence was 59% against the FMD vaccination obtained by liquid phase blocking ELISA. In India, a higher FMD prevalence by serotype O (64%) than other serotypes was observed. Thus, the higher FMD prevalence zone, states, species, methods and serotypes identified may be employed by policy makers for making informed decisions to maximise the use of scarce resources available. There was a decreasing trend in FMD prevalence in the recent years, however, need is there to prevent FMD by vaccination to move in the progressive control pathway stages. This will help in increasing export trade and eventually result in economic benefits to dairy farmers

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Thijssen, Dick H. J., Ceri L. Atkinson, Kumiko Ono, Victoria S. Sprung, Angela L. Spence, Christopher J. A. Pugh, and Daniel J. Green. "Sympathetic nervous system activation, arterial shear rate, and flow-mediated dilation." Journal of Applied Physiology 116, no. 10 (May 15, 2014): 1300–1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00110.2014.

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The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of arterial shear to changes in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) during sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation in healthy humans. Ten healthy men reported to our laboratory four times. Bilateral FMD, shear rate (SR), and catecholamines were examined before/after 10-min of −35-mmHg lower body negative pressure (LBNP10). On day 1, localized forearm heating (LBNP10+heat) was applied in one limb to abolish the increase in retrograde SR associated with LBNP. Day 2 involved unilateral cuff inflation to 75 mmHg around one limb to exaggerate the LBNP-induced increase retrograde SR (LBNP10+cuff). Tests were repeated on days 3 and 4, using 30-min interventions (i.e., LBNP30+heat and LBNP30+cuff). LBNP10 significantly increased epinephrine levels and retrograde SR and decreased FMD (all P < 0.05). LBNP10+heat prevented the increase in retrograde SR, whereas LBNP10+cuff further increased retrograde SR ( P < 0.05). Heating prevented the decrease in percent FMD (FMD%) after LBNP10 (interaction effect, P < 0.05), whereas cuffing did not significantly exaggerate the decrease in FMD% (interaction effect, P > 0.05). Prolongation of the LBNP stimulus for 30-min normalized retrograde SR, catecholamine levels, and FMD (all P > 0.05). Attenuation of retrograde SR during 30 min (LBNP30+heat) was associated with increased FMD% (interaction effects, P < 0.05), whereas increased retrograde SR (LBNP30+cuff) diminished FMD% (interaction effects, P < 0.05). These data suggest that LBNP-induced SNS stimulation decreases FMD, at least in part due to the impact of LBNP on arterial shear stress. Prolonged LBNP stimulation was not associated with changes in SR or FMD%. Our data support a role for changes in SR to the impact of SNS stimulation on FMD.

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Serranová, Tereza, Matěj Slovák, David Kemlink, Karel Šonka, Mark Hallett, and Evžen Růžička. "Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in functional movement disorders: a case–control study from the Czech Republic." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e024236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024236.

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ObjectivesThe prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in functional movement disorders (FMD) is not known. Patients with FMD often present with multiple motor and sensory symptoms. Some of these symptoms might be due to comorbid RLS. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate possible association between FMD and RLS.DesignCase–control study.SettingMovement Disorders Center, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.Participants96 consecutive patients with clinically established FMD (80 females, mean age (SD) 45.0 (13) years), and 76 matched controls.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was prevalence of RLS based on updated International RLS Study Group criteria. Secondary outcome measures included prevalence of periodic limb movements (PLM) using actigraphy; pain, motor and sensory symptoms in lower limbs; organic comorbidities and medication affecting RLS.ResultsRLS criteria were fulfilled in 43.8% of patients (95% CI 34 to 54) and in 7.9% of controls (95% CI 3 to 17, p<0.00001). Both RLS and PLM indices (PLMi) ≥22.5/hour were found in 21.2% of patients with FMD and 2.6% of controls. Patients with FMD with RLS had a higher mean PLMi (p<0.001) and a higher proportion of PLMi ≥22.5/hour (p<0.01) than RLS-negative patients. Patients with RLS had higher prevalence of pain and sensory symptoms in lower limbs, no difference was found in medication and prevalence of organic comorbidities in patients with FMD with and without RLS.ConclusionsWe found an increased prevalence of RLS in patients with FMD. Clinical diagnosis of RLS was supported by actigraphic measurement of clinically relevant PLM in a significant proportion of patients with FMD. Although functional motor and sensory symptoms may mimic RLS, RLS may be unrecognised in patients with FMD. This finding may have clinical implications in management of FMD, and it raises the possibility of common pathophysiological mechanisms of FMD and RLS/PLM.

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Raut, Noémie, Julie Rivière, Soline Hosteing, Eric Collin, Stéphanie Philizot, Olivier Debaere, and Gina Zanella. "Overview of foot-and-mouth disease awareness among farmers and veterinarians in France." Veterinary Record 183, no. 5 (June 15, 2018): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.104733.

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is of major concern in most countries including Europe, where no outbreaks have occurred since a decade. Indeed, the risk of FMD introduction from infected countries is not negligible and the awareness of field stakeholders (farmers, veterinarians) is essential to ensure an effective detection of the viral circulation. The French veterinary services launched in 2015 a survey to estimate the awareness of farmers and veterinarians and their knowledge about epidemiological and regulatory aspects of FMD. Official health visits were used to collect information from cattle farmers and veterinarians through two separate questionnaires. The results show that not all cattle farmers were aware of the risk of FMD reintroduction in France and of its routes of infection and speed of dissemination. As for the veterinarians, their promptness to report a suspicion was dependent on the occurrence of FMD cases in European countries. These results highlight key aspectsregarding FMD epidemiology which should be regularly reminded to the field stakeholders in FMD-free countries to increase their awareness and thus ensure an effective early detection in case of FMD introduction.

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Tremblay, Joshua C., Taylor V. Stimpson, and Kyra E. Pyke. "Evidence of sex differences in the acute impact of oscillatory shear stress on endothelial function." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00729.2018.

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Acutely imposed oscillatory shear stress (OSS) reduces reactive hyperemia flow-mediated dilation (RH-FMD) in conduit arteries of men; however, whether a similar impairment occurs in women or with FMD in response to a controlled, sustained shear stress stimulus (SS-FMD) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of OSS on RH-FMD and SS-FMD in men and women. OSS was provoked in the brachial artery using a 30-min forearm cuff inflation (70 mmHg). Healthy men [ n = 16, 25 yr (SD 3)] and women [ n = 16, 21 yr (SD 2)] completed the OSS intervention twice (separate days). Brachial artery endothelial function was assessed pre- and postintervention via either RH-FMD or 6 min of handgrip SS-FMD using Duplex ultrasound. The RH-FMD stimulus was calculated as shear rate area under the curve 60 s postdeflation (SRAUC60), whereas SS-FMD shear rate was targeted to produce a similar stimulus pre- and postintervention. The OSS intervention decreased RH-FMD in both sexes [men: 6.2% (SD 3.4) to 5.2% (SD 3.0); women: 5.4% (SD 2.0) to 3.1% (SD 1.8), P < 0.001), although this was accompanied by a reduced SRAUC60. There was no significant effect of the intervention on RH-FMD with SRAUC60 as a covariate ( P = 0.310). Handgrip exercise elicited a similar stimulus before and after the intervention ( P = 0.287) in men and women ( P = 0.873). Men demonstrated blunted SS-FMD [4.8% (SD 1.9) to 3.2% (SD 1.9), P < 0.001], whereas women displayed preserved SS-FMD following the intervention [3.5% (SD 1.9) to 4.0% (SD 1.9), P = 0.061]. The lower SS-FMD in men but not women following OSS provides evidence of sex differences in the effects of OSS on conduit artery endothelial function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Acute exposure to oscillatory shear stress induces transient endothelial dysfunction in men; however, whether women experience similar impairments is unknown. Following acutely imposed oscillatory shear stress, there was a decrease in flow-mediated dilation stimulated by a physiologically relevant sustained increase in shear stress in men but not in premenopausal women. These findings demonstrate, for the first time in humans that there are sex differences in the impact of oscillatory shear stress on endothelial function.

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Bailey, Tom G., Maria Perissiou, Mark Windsor, Fraser Russell, Jonathan Golledge, Daniel J. Green, and Christopher D. Askew. "Cardiorespiratory fitness modulates the acute flow-mediated dilation response following high-intensity but not moderate-intensity exercise in elderly men." Journal of Applied Physiology 122, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 1238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00935.2016.

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Impaired endothelial function is observed with aging and in those with low cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇o2peak). Improvements in endothelial function with exercise training are somewhat dependent on the intensity of exercise. While the acute stimulus for this improvement is not completely understood, it may, in part, be due to the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) response to acute exercise. We examined the hypothesis that exercise intensity alters the brachial (systemic) FMD response in elderly men and is modulated by V̇o2peak. Forty-seven elderly men were stratified into lower (V̇o2peak = 24.3 ± 2.9 ml·kg−1·min−1; n = 27) and higher fit groups (V̇o2peak = 35.4 ± 5.5 ml·kg−1·min−1; n = 20) after a test of cycling peak power output (PPO). In randomized order, participants undertook moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE; 40% PPO) or high-intensity interval cycling exercise (HIIE; 70% PPO) or no-exercise control. Brachial FMD was assessed at rest and 10 and 60 min after exercise. FMD increased after MICE in both groups {increase of 0.86% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.17–1.56], P = 0.01} and normalized after 60 min. In the lower fit group, FMD was reduced after HIIE [reduction of 0.85% (95% CI, 0.12–1.58), P = 0.02] and remained decreased at 60 min. In the higher fit group, FMD was unchanged immediately after HIIE and increased after 60 min [increase of 1.52% (95% CI, 0.41–2.62), P < 0.01, which was correlated with V̇o2peak, r = 0.41; P < 0.01]. In the no-exercise control, FMD was reduced in both groups after 60 min ( P = 0.05). Exercise intensity alters the acute FMD response in elderly men and V̇o2peak modulates the FMD response following HIIE but not MICE. The sustained decrease in FMD in the lower fit group following HIIE may represent a signal for vascular adaptation or endothelial fatigue. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to show that moderate-intensity continuous cycling exercise increased flow-mediated dilation (FMD) transiently before normalization of FMD after 1 h, irrespective of cardiorespiratory fitness level in elderly men. Interestingly, we show increased FMD after high-intensity cycling exercise in higher fit men, with a sustained reduction in FMD in lower fit men. The prolonged reduction in FMD after high-intensity cycling exercise may be associated with future vascular adaptation but may also reflect a period of increased cardiovascular risk in lower fit elderly men.

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Ayoola, Oluwagbemiga Oluwole, Rahman Ayodele Bolarinwa, Chidiogo Chukwunweike Onwuka, Bukunmi Michael Idowu, and Adeniyi Sunday Aderibigbe. "Association between Endothelial Dysfunction, Biomarkers of Renal Function, and Disease Severity in Sickle Cell Disease." Kidney360 1, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.34067/kid.0000142019.

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BackgroundEndothelial dysfunction (ED), as ascertained by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), is a known feature of sickle cell disease (SCD), which is present both in crisis and in steady state. The assessment of FMD was introduced to examine the vasodilator function. Our objective was to establish the relationship between ED determined by FMD, biomarkers of renal dysfunction, and biomarkers of disease severity in SCD subjects asymptomatic of renal disease.MethodsWe enrolled 44 patients with homozygous SCD in steady state and 33 age- and sex-matched controls between 2013 and 2014 in a tropical tertiary hospital. Ultrasonographic FMD of the right brachial artery, renal arterial Doppler, complete blood count, creatinine, fetal hemoglobin, soluble P-selectin, and cystatin C (Cys-C) levels were determined. Using the median FMD value of the control group, the SCD subjects were further classified into two groups for comparison.ResultsThe median FMD in SCD subjects of 3.44 (IQR, 0.00–7.08) was significantly lower than that of controls, which was 5.35 (IQR, 3.60–6.78; P=0.04). There was negative correlation between FMD and Cys-C levels (r=−0.372; P=0.01) along with renal artery resistivity index (RARI; r=−0.307; P=0.04) in SCD subjects. Additionally, Cys-C level was significantly higher in SCD subjects with FMD<5.35.ConclusionsBrachial artery FMD was significantly lower in SCD subjects compared with a control group. Cys-C and RARI show a negative correlation with FMD, indicating that renal function is related to ED in SCD.

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Ma, Jun, Jianhua Xiao, Xiang Gao, Boyang Liu, Hao Chen, and Hongbin Wang. "Spatial pattern of foot-and-mouth disease in animals in China, 2010–2016." PeerJ 5 (December 22, 2017): e4193. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4193.

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. An outbreak of FMD can produce devastating economic losses for a considerable length of time. In order to investigate the distribution characteristics of FMD in China, data from 2010 to 2016 were collected, including information on 65 outbreaks of FMD (25 by serotype A and 40 by serotype O), and 5,937 diseased animals (1,691 serotype A and 4,284 serotype O cases). Spatial autocorrelation, including global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial autocorrelation, as well as directional distribution analysis, were performed. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis of FMD cases from 2010 to 2016 did not show clustering (P > 0.05). In 2013 and 2014, the FMD serotype A hotspots areas were Tibet (Z = 3.3236,P < 0.001 in 2013;Z = 3.2001,P < 0.001 in 2014) and Xinjiang provinces (Z = 4.2113,P < 0.001 in 2013;Z = 3.9888,P < 0.001 in 2014). The FMD serotype O hotspots areas were: Xinjiang (Z = 2.5832,P = 0.0098) province in 2010; Tibet (Z = 3.8814,P < 0.001) and Xinjiang (Z = 4.9128,P < 0.001) provinces in 2011; and Tibet (Z = 3.0838,P = 0.0020), Xinjiang (Z = 3.8705,P < 0.001) and Qinghai (Z = 2.8875,P = 0.0039) provinces in 2013. The distribution of FMD cases from 2010 to 2016 showed a significant directional trend (northwest-southeast). In conclusion, our findings revealed the spatial patterns of FMD cases, which may provide beneficial information for the prevention and control of FMD.

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Journal articles on the topic 'FMD'

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