Dissertations / Theses: 'FMD'

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Ramasamy, Parthiban Aravindh Babu. "Development of vector based FMD vaccines for increasing immune response against FMDV." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559070.

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Ketusing, Naree. "Assessment of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) Control Policies and Their Implementation in the Proposed FMD-Free Zone in Thailand." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97581.

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A proposed Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) free zone, in the eastern region of Thailand, was evaluated by FMD experts with the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) during 2012-2013. The zone, however, did not qualify for an FMD-free zone with vaccination because it did not comply with the requirements in the OIE Terrestrial Code. Then, the Department of Livestock Development (DLD) within the government of Thailand revised laws and regulations related to the FMD control program in order to be in compliance with the OIE's requirements. The revised FMD control program has been implemented since 2015. These revisions and implementations, however, have not been evaluated. The main objectives of this study were to determine whether the revised regulations (since 2015) currently being implemented are fully in compliance with the OIE's requirements, and to verify whether the implementation of the current FMD control program is sufficient to control FMD effectively. First, this study developed an evaluation framework and assessment tools for use in the evaluation of the FMD control policies and their implementation in the eastern region of Thailand. The assessment tools include assessment matrices, three sets of questionnaires, and interview questions. When applied, the assessment matrices identify shortcomings of policy design, policy implementation, veterinary capacity, and stakeholder engagement. Questionnaires and interview questions collect information that examines the consistency of elements of the FMD control program against criteria in the assessment matrix. Then, the design of current FMD control policies was assessed by interviews of DLD officers at national level who formulate policies related to FMD control program and by reviews of DLD existing written policies and documents. This study found that the design of current FMD control system is appropriate and meets the OIE's requirements. Next, the implementation of the current FMD control program in the eastern region of Thailand was assessed. The assessment was conducted by (i) questionnaire surveys with DLD officers at local level, private veterinarians, and farmers, (ii) interviews with DLD officers at national and regional level and private veterinarians, and (iii) field observations. The assessment found that the current implementation of the FMD control program in the eastern region of Thailand needs further improvement in order to meet the OIE's requirements. This study also proposes recommendations to the DLD in improving the FMD control system in the eastern region of Thailand including surveillance system, reporting system, vaccine strategy, animal movement control system, and response plans. For example, there should be an increase of stakeholders' awareness of disease reporting requirements. Evidence of adequate vaccination coverage and population immunity should be available and accessible. Allocation of staff at local level should be reconsidered for more appropriate service deliveries. Communications between DLD and stakeholders regarding the FMD control program need to be strengthened for more effective message delivery. Lastly, this study strongly recommends that there should be strong commitments and supported by the higher level of the Thai's government.
Doctor of Philosophy
Foot and Mouth Disease is a highly contagious and the most economically important infectious viral disease of livestock. The disease exists in Thailand and interrupts livestock trade through the loss of access to international markets. The Department of Livestock Development (DLD) within the government of Thailand has proposed to make the eastern region of Thailand an officially recognized FMD-free zone with vaccination in order to advance market access and trade facilitation. In order to be an official FMD-free zone, the proposed FMD-free zone (eastern region of Thailand) needs to be evaluated by experts within the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and must meet all requirements of the OIE standard for this certification. Since 2015, there has not been an evaluation to determine the effectiveness and appropriateness of the current FMD control program in the eastern region of Thailand. This study aims to evaluate the design and implementation of the current FMD control program in the eastern region of Thailand. This study, first, developed an evaluation framework and assessment tools for use in the evaluation of the FMD control policies and their implementation in the eastern region of Thailand. Then, the design of the current FMD control policies and their implementation were evaluated. The assessment found that the design of the current FMD control system is appropriate and meets the OIE's requirements. However, the current implementation of the FMD control program needs further improvement. This study also proposes recommendations to the DLD in order to enhance and improve the FMD control system in the eastern region of Thailand to be recognized as an FMD-free zone by the OIE.

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Mahdi, Ali Jafar. "Foot and mouth disease in Iraq: strategy and control." Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4620.

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Master of Science
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
Gary A. Anderson
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious viral disease of cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, buffalo, and artiodactyl wildlife species. Foot-and-mouth disease virus is endemic and periodic devastating epidemics have occurred and caused heavy economic losses in Iraq for a long time. The first official cases of FMD were recorded in 1937, while the first record of a specific FMD serotype in Iraq was serotype A in 1952. Other serotypes have been reported since then; serotypes O, SAT-1 and Asia1 were recorded in 1957, 1962, and 1975, respectively. Veterinary Services in Iraq has been severely weakened over the past two decades, and its infrastructure has been devastated as a consequence of previous political conflicts, wars and international sanctions. The breakdown of Veterinary Services led to the disruption of disease control strategies, collapse of disease surveillance and monitoring, and weakening of response systems. The destruction of the Al-Dora FMD laboratories for diagnosis and vaccine production by the United Nation in 1996, and the restrictions placed on the importation of vaccines have strongly affected the FMD control program. A severe epidemic of FMD occurred in Iraq in 1998, affecting 2.5 million ruminants and causing heavy losses in newly born animals. It is estimated to have killed about 550,000 animals. The outbreak was due to the serotype O1 Middle East strain which has affected large and small ruminants. In 2009, Iraq was severely affected by new serotype A (subtype A Iran 05). The major efforts of Veterinary Services in Iraq have been directed towards control of FMD by vaccination strategies. Two types of vaccine have been used, trivalent vaccine (O, A 22, and Asia 1) for cattle and buffalo and monovalent vaccine (O Manisa) for sheep and goats. Vaccination has been implemented once yearly on a voluntary basis. Sometimes other limited control measures have accompanied vaccination, which include quarantine, movement control, focused vaccination, disinfection, and public awareness programs. The FMD control program in Iraq has been confronted by many challenges: deficits in FMD surveillance and emergency preparedness, limited diagnostic capabilities, difficulties in restricting animal movement, and lack and irregular supply of appropriate vaccines.

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Careaga, Silvana. "BEEF EXPORT PRICE RESPONSE TO SANITARY STATUS AND TRACEABILITY SYSTEMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR PARAGUAY." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1281.

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Global beef markets are highly influenced by sanitary issues, mainly related to animal health and food safety, which have been determining levels and trends in global beef trade. Food safety issues affecting human health such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) associated with Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (vCJD) in humans, and other diseases affecting production such as foot and mouth disease (FMD) has encouraged putting these issues to beef trade attention. A way to address these concerns and comply with international standards is the use of traceability systems in order to quickly identify hazard sources and assure beef quality and safety. The goal of this research was to assess the effect of exporting countries sanitary status of BSE and FMD, and traceability systems in beef export prices and to examine Paraguayan beef exports relative to other exporting countries. Data of the top beef exporters was collected from the United Nations Commodity Trade Database (UN Comtrade), including export operations volume and receipt with each of their trading partners, from 2000 to 2012. Four commodities were studied: Frozen and Fresh/Chilled bone-in and boneless beef cuts. The data was analyzed using ordinary least squares regression methods (a hedonic price equation). Five models were run, one for each commodity and lastly one with all four together. Results revealed that both FMD and BSE affect negatively to beef exports prices, as well as shipments from India, that has no official FMD status and any traceability system in place. Apart from sanitary status, epidemiological events also have a negative impact on beef prices. On the other hand, the implementation of traceability systems improves prices. In this scenario, Paraguay lags behind in the adoption of emerging markets standards for traceability systems, therefore does not access most competitive markets, which pay higher prices. As such, Paraguay faces challenges to maintain and expand beef exports, especially in regards to keeping the country’s FMD free status.

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Highfield, Linda. "The potential role of wildlife in the spread and control of foot and mouth disease in an extensive livestock management system." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2883.

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Ajewole, Kayode Martins. "Evaluating distributions of economic impacts of FMD emergency strategies in the United States." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16928.

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Master of Science
Department of Agricultural Economics
Ted C. Schroeder
The livestock industry is susceptible to several diseases, of which Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is one. FMD is neither a fatal nor zoonotic animal disease, but most animals less than one year of age are killed in about 80% of cases. FMD also causes reductions in yield and milk production. FMD is recognized as an economic disease because any outbreak will lead to a drastic reduction in the export market. This study is centered on livestock production in mid-western United States. The study incorporated the result from an epidemiology model into an equilibrium displacement model; this is used to determine the economic impact of the FMD outbreak on both consumers and producers. Three vaccination-to-die scenarios were simulated. Each scenario had 200 disease spread simulation runs. The economic impact results were presented with normal distribution curves in order to see how the economic impacts were distributed across the 200 runs in each scenario. Scenario 14 with 50 and 80 herds vaccination capacity at 22 and 40 days respectively, coupled with 50 km vaccination zone has the lowest negative impact on both consumer and producers. The diseases lasted for shorter period of time in scenario 14 than scenarios 2 and 12. Scenario 14 also has least number of animals killed. It can be concluded from the equilibrium displacement outcomes that the best mitigation strategy for the control of FMD is to have a large vaccination zone area, and increment in the vaccination capacity will also curb the disease on time.

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SABBATINELLI, JACOPO. "Impatto della supplementazione con Ubiquinolo sulla funzione endoteliale in soggetti a rischio di sviluppare patologie cardiovascolari: studio clinico spontaneo, in doppio cieco, randomizzato, controllato con placebo, a gruppi paralleli." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/252542.

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La maggior parte dei fattori di rischio cardiovascolari si traduce in un'aumentata produzione di specie reattive dell'ossigeno (ROS), che a loro volta causano disfunzione endoteliale riducendo la biodisponibilità del mediatore vasodilatante ossido nitrico (NO). È noto che la supplementazione con Coenzima Q10 (CoQ10) migliora la performance cardiaca nello scompenso congestizio e nella cardiopatia ischemica, ed inoltre diminuisce significativamente la pressione arteriosa. Un trial clinico in doppio-cieco, randomizzato, a gruppi paralleli, è stato condotto su 51 soggetti con rischio cardiovascolare moderato e disfunzione endoteliale per comprendere gli effetti della supplementazione con ubichinolo sulla funzione endoteliale, misurata attraverso la determinazione ecografica non invasiva della flow-mediated dilation (FMD). I soggetti sono stati randomizzati in due gruppi di trattamento (ubichinolo, 100 mg o 200 mg/die) e un gruppo placebo. Durante ciascuna visita (T0, 4 e 8 settimane), sono stati misurati pressione arteriosa e FMD, parametri sieroematici (compreso il profilo lipidico), livelli plasmatici di CoQ10 ossidato/ridotto, NO e perossinitrito. La somministrazione di ubichinolo ha aumentato fortemente i livelli plasmatici di CoQ10 totale e ridotto. I soggetti assegnati ad entrambi i gruppi di trattamento hanno mostrato un incremento nella FMD, senza differenze significative tra i due dosaggi. Tuttavia, in seguito all'analisi di biodisponibilità plasmatica di CoQ10, è stata dimostrata una relazione positiva tra l'incremento di FMD e il miglioramento dello stato ossidativo del CoQ10. Nessuna variazione significativa del profilo lipidico è stata riscontrata nei soggetti trattati. Un aumento dose-dipendente dei livelli plasmatici di NO è stato osservato nei soggetti trattati dopo 8 settimane. Esiste una correlazione positiva tra FMD e livelli di NO e, dunque, tra questi ultimi e la funzione endoteliale. La FMD e lo stato ossidativo plasmatico migliorano significativamente dopo somministrazione di ubichinolo. La biodisponibilità dell'ubichinolo si correla positivamente ai miglioramenti della FMD. Inoltre, l'influenza positiva della supplementazione con CoQ10 è indipendente dal profilo lipidico plasmatico, suggerendo un possibile effetto diretto dell'ubichinolo sulle cellule endoteliali.
Most of the major cardiovascular risk factors are characterized by an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to endothelial dysfunction through breakdown of the vasodilating compound nitric oxide (NO). Supplementation with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) positively affects heart performance in congestive heart failure and ischemic heart disease, along with a significant blood pressure lowering effect. To understand the effects of ubiquinol supplementation on endothelial function, measured through non-invasive ultrasonographic assessment of flow-mediated dilation (FMD), a double-blind, randomized, parallel-groups clinical trial was carried out on 51 subjects with moderate cardiovascular risk and endothelial dysfunction. Subjects were randomized to receive ubiquinol, 100 or 200 mg daily, or placebo. During each visit (T0, 4-weeks, 8-weeks) blood pressure, FMD, hematologic parameters (including lipid profile), reduced/oxidized CoQ10 levels, NO and peroxynitrite plasma levels were evaluated. Ubiquinol administration strongly improved total and reduced CoQ10 plasma levels. Subjects assigned to both treatment groups showed an increased FMD compared with subjects in placebo group, with no significant difference between the two dosages. However, after CoQ10 plasma bioavailability analysis, a positive relationship between FMD increases and CoQ10 oxidative status improvements was demonstrated. No significant change in lipid profile was observed in treated subjects. A significant dose-dependent increase in NO plasma levels was observed in treated subjects after T2. NO plasma levels are positively related to FMD and, thus, to endothelial function. FMD and plasma oxidative status are significantly improved following administration of ubiquinol. Bioavailability of ubiquinol is positively correlated with FMD improvements. Positive influence of CoQ10 supplementation is independent from plasma lipid profile, suggesting a direct effect of ubiquinol on endothelial cells.

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Waters, Ryan Andrew. "Investigating novel aspects of FMDV pathogenesis in pregnant ovines, foetuses and neonatal lambs." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572483.

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Lazarus, David D. "Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination and control in cattle at the wildlife/livestock interface of the Mnisi communal area." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/69253.

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Foot-and-mouth Diseases (FMD) is an important livestock disease with economic implications on trade. In southern Africa, the epidemiology of FMD is complicated as a result of the role of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in the maintenance and transmission of the South African Territories (SAT) virus serotypes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the FMD vaccination of cattle at the wildlife/livestock interface. A structured questionnaire was administered to communal farmers through in-person interview using the local language (Shangaan) to evaluate their perceptions concerning the current FMD vaccination programme. Cross-sectional sampling by cluster at herd levels was used to estimate proportions of cattle with high titres to FMDV-structural proteins, which was assumed to indicate an immunological response to vaccine routinely administered bi-annually in the absence of recently recorded outbreaks. A prospective cohort study was employed to evaluate immune responses and the duration of antibody responses to an inactivated aqueous trivalent FMD vaccine (SAT 1, SAT 2 & SAT 3) with blood samples collected on fortnightly bases. One hundred and four farmers responded to the questionnaire with 73% (76/104) being cattle owners while the remainder being hired cattle handlers. The majority of the respondents (79%; 95%CI: 70%-86%) indicated high level of satisfaction with the current animal health programme. The education level of the farmers varied over levels of satisfaction with the median education level being standard 9 (IQR: 2-12) for non-satisfied respondents, standard 3 (IQR: 0-6) for the little satisfied and standard 7 (IQR: 2-11) for the very satisfied respondents (P=0.036). Non-satisfied respondents were more likely to treat sick animals themselves than seek veterinary assistance (P=0.002). The majority of respondents identified the African buffalo as a risk factor for FMD outbreak (92%, 95%CI: 85%-96%). Two hundred and eighty-six cattle were sampled within six months post-vaccination and relative to antibody titre of ≥1.6 Log10 (1:40 dilution), 20% (95%CI: 14%-26%) of cattle had serologically converted to SAT 1, 39% (95%CI: 32%-46%) to SAT 2 and 22% (95%CI: 17%-27%) to SAT 3. Overall, only 4%, 15% and 9% of cattle had antibody titre ≥2 log10 to SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3 respectively over a median period of 189 days since the most recent vaccination. Within the longitudinal study, few cattle had evidence of pre-existing antibody responses to SAT viruses at the beginning of the study. However, 14 days post-vaccination, the proportion of seropositive cattle (≥2 log10 titre) to the three SAT type viruses varied between 39% - 77% with SAT 2 having the highest proportions. Antibody responses peaked up to 98%, 98% and 65% at 42 days post-vaccination for SAT 2, SAT 3 and SAT 1 respectively until starting to decline at 56 days-post-vaccination.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
National Research Foundation, South Africa
Research Development Project
University of Pretoria
Production Animal Studies
MSc
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Faisal, Saman. "Mental Health Impact of Disasters." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/56.

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It is very important to study the mental health impact of disasters to provide adequate mental health services when there is an increased demand of mental health services and a concurrent deterioration of mental healthcare capacity after disasters. This study examined the mental health impact of 9/11 attacks among the individuals living close to the disaster area and compared them to the individuals living farther from the disaster area. New York (NY) state and Washington DC were selected as the disaster areas and Illinois (IL) was selected to study individuals living farther from the disaster area. The study also assessed the effects of mental health on risky behaviors such as cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption and how they vary based on age, gender and proximity to the disaster. Ten year Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from 1996-2005 was obtained for NY, DC and IL. Significant increase in mental distress was observed in NY and DC but not in IL. Increased use of alcohol was found among DC and NY residents but the increase in IL was not significant. Logistic regression showed that increase in alcohol consumption was not associated with mental health. An overall decrease in cigarette smoking was observed and there was no impact of disaster on smoking rates. Mental distress was much higher among the female respondents as compared to the male respondents. Mental distress was highest among 35- 49 year old respondents as compared to other age groups. In future longitudinal studies should be conducted in order to establish the causal relationship of mental health and risk behaviors such as smoking and alcohol consumption after disasters. Most of the interventions regarding post-disaster mental health focus on PTSD but other mental disorders should also be addressed.

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Flood, Jessica Scarlett. "Foot-and-mouth disease epidemiology in relation to the physical, social and demographic farming landscape." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20376.

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The foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus poses a considerable threat both to farmers and to the wider economy should there be a future incursion into the UK. The most recent large-scale FMD epidemic in the UK was in 2001. Mathematical models were developed and used during this epidemic to aid decision-making about how to most effectively control and eliminate it. While the epidemic was eventually brought to a halt, it resulted in a huge loss of livestock and is estimated to have cost the UK economy around ¿6 billion. The mathematical models predicted the overall spatial spread of FMD well, but had low predictive ability for identifying precisely which farm premises became infected over the course of the epidemic. This will in part have been due to the stochastic nature of the models. However, the transmission probability between two farm premises was represented as the Euclidean distance between their point locations, which is a crude representation of FMD transmission. Additionally, the premises' point location data contain inaccuracies, sometimes identifying the farmer's residential address rather than the farm itself which may be a long way away. Local FMD transmission occurs via contaminated fomites carried by people or vehicles between premises, or by infected particles being blown by wind between proximal fields. Given that these transmission mechanisms are thought to be related to having close field boundaries, it is possible that some of the inaccuracy in model predictions is also due to imprecisely representing such transmission. In this thesis I use fine-scale geographical data of farm premises' field locations to study the contiguity of premises (where contiguous premises (CPs) are defined as having field boundaries < 15m apart). I demonstrate that the distance between two premises' point locations does not accurately represent when they are CPs. Using an area of southern Scotland containing 4767 livestock premises, I compare the predictions of model simulations using two different model formulations. The first is one of the original models based on the 2001 outbreak, and the second is a new model in which transmission probability is related to whether or not premises were contiguous. The comparison suggests that the premises that became infected during the course of the simulations were more predictable using the new model. While it cannot be concluded that this will translate into more accurate predictions until this can be validated during a future outbreak, it does suggest that the new model is more predictable in its route through the landscape, and therefore that it may better reflect local transmission routes than the original model. Networks based on contiguity of premises were constructed for the same area of southern Scotland, and showed that 90.6% (n=4318) of the premises in the area were indirectly connected to one another as part of the Giant Component (GC). The network metric of 'betweenness' was used to identify premises acting as bridges between otherwise disconnected sub-populations of premises. It was found that removing 100 premises with highest betweenness served to fragment the GC. Model simulations indicated that, even with some longer-range transmission possible, removing these premises from the network resulted in a large decrease in mean number of infected premises and outbreak duration. In real terms, premises removal from the network would mean ensuring these premises did not become infected by enhanced biosecurity and/or vaccination depending on policy. In this thesis I also considered the role of biosecurity practices in shaping FMD spread. A sample of 200 Scottish farmers were interviewed on their biosecurity practices, and their biosecurity risk quantified using a biosecurity 'risk score' developed during the 2007 FMD outbreak in Surrey. Using Moran's I and network assortativity measures it was found that there did not appear to be any clustering of biosecurity risk scores on premises. Statistical analysis found no association between biosecurity risk and the mathematical model's premises' susceptibility term (which describes the increase in a premises' susceptibility with increasing numbers of livestock). This suggests that the model's susceptibility term is not indirectly capturing a general pattern in biosecurity on different sized farm premises. Thus, this body of work shows that incorporating a more realistic representation of premises location into mathematical models, in terms of area (i.e. as fields) rather than a point, alters predictions of spatial spread. It also demonstrates that targeted control at a relatively small number of farms could effectively fragment the farming landscape, and has the potential to considerably reduce the size of an FMD outbreak. It also demonstrates that variations in premises' FMD biosecurity risks are unlikely to be indirectly affecting the spatial or demographic components of the model. This increase in understanding of how geographic, social and demographic factors relate to FMD spread through the landscape may enable more effective control of an outbreak, should there be an incursion in the UK in future.

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Blignaut, Belinda. "Improved vaccines for foot-and-mouth disease control : evaluation of a chimera-derived FMD vaccine in relation to a current SAT type vaccine." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30806.

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Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a member of the Picornaviridae, causes a highly contagious disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals and leads to production losses, especially in intensive farming systems. In sub-Saharan Africa, control of the disease is complicated by the extensive variability of the South African Territories (SAT) type viruses, which exist as distinct genetic and antigenic variants in different geographical regions. Improved control of FMD, therefore, requires vaccines to be custom-made to specific geographical areas. In this regard, a potentially powerful approach involves the engineering of chimeric FMDV of which the antigenic properties can be readily manipulated. Consequently, the aim of this study was essentially to evaluate a custom-engineered chimeric FMD vaccine in relation to a current SAT type vaccine. To enable the selection of vaccine strains that would provide the best vaccine match against emerging viruses, phylogenetic, genetic and antigenic analyses of SAT serotypes prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa was performed. The results indicated that although SAT1 and SAT2 viruses displayed similar genetic variation within each serotype, antigenic disparity, as measured by r1-values, was less pronounced for SAT1 viruses compared with SAT2 viruses. Consequently, the SAT1 virus KNP/196/91 was selected and a cross-serotype chimeric virus, vKNP/SAT2, was engineered by replacing the external capsid-encoding region (1B-1D/2A) of an infectious cDNA clone of the SAT2 vaccine strain, ZIM/7/83, with that of KNP/196/91. The population diversity of the cell-adapted chimeric virus and pig-adapted KNP/196/91 virus was investigated by means of pyrosequencing; the results of which indicated that the population diversity of the respective viruses was indeed comparable to each other. Subsequently, chemically inactivated vaccines were produced from intact 146S virion particles of both the chimeric and parental viruses and evaluated in a full potency test. Pigs vaccinated with the chimeric vaccine produced neutralising antibodies and showed protection against homologous FMDV challenge. Cumulatively, the data provide support that chimeric vaccines containing the external capsid of field isolates can be successfully produced and that they induce protective immune responses in FMD host species. The potential therefore exists to generate more effective newgeneration chemically inactivated-FMD vaccines that are custom-engineered and specifically produced for geographical areas.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
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Fleming, Peter J. S., and n/a. "Relationships between feral goats (Capra hircus) and domestic sheep (Ovis aries) with reference to exotic disease transmission." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050714.142151.

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Merino sheep are the most numerous domestic livestock in Australia and feral goats are wide-spread and locally abundant in many of the regions where sheep are grazed. Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a disease of ungulates that causes severe economic hardship to countries where outbreaks occur or where it has become endemic. In India, Africa, Greece and recently the United Kingdom and Eire, sheep and goats have been implicated in the spread and maintenance of FMD. In Australia, there are contingency plans (AUSVETPLANS) for dealing with an outbreak of FMD. Included in those plans are strategies for control of the disease in feral ungulates including feral pigs and feral goats. Modelling has provided assistance in developing strategies to combat outbreaks in feral pigs and for controlling outbreaks in domestic livestock. No models have been constructed to aid decisions about controlling FMD in feral goats where they co-occur with merino sheep. In Australia, the greatest densities of free-ranging feral goats and domestic livestock occur in the high rainfall zone (> 500 mm mean annual rainfall) along the eastern tablelands and adjacent slopes of the Great Dividing Range. Previous studies of feral goat biology, population dynamics and behaviour in Australia have concentrated on arid and semi-arid zones or on islands. Interactions between free ranging feral goats and merino sheep have not previously been studied in the high rainfall zone. My study investigated the ecological and behavioural characteristics of feral goats and their interactions with sympatric merino sheep at a high rainfall site in central eastern New South Wales. The population dynamics, biological and behavioural parameters of feral goats and sheep were then used to model FMD in such an environment. Deterministic temporal models and a new spatial stochastic model were used. Of particular interest were the rates of contact within and between subgroups of feral goats (termed herds and mobs), within and between subgroups of merino sheep (termed flocks and mobs), and between subgroups of the two species. Feral goats at the study site were found to be numerous (mean density = 34.94 goats km-2, from aerial surveys), in good condition, fecund and had high adult survival and low annual adult mortality (survival= 0.81�1.00) in the absence of harvesting and hunting. They had an observed instantaneous rate of increase of 0.112 per year. Annual rate of increase was similar to other sites in Australia without sustained harvesting pressure. Home ranges were small for both males (3.754 km², s.e. = 0.232, n = 116 goats) and females (2.369 km², s.e. = 0.088, n = 241 goats). From this and other Australasian studies, an inverse power function was found to be an excellent descriptor of the relationship between mean annual rainfall and female home range size. A resource selection function was fitted in a geographic information system to observational data of feral goats. The habitat selection of feral goats included a preference for wooded vegetation on eastern and north eastern aspects at higher elevations. The resource selection function was also used to set the probabilities of occurrence of feral goats in 1 ha areas of the landscape and these probabilities were used to generate heterogeneity in a spatial model of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) transmission. Daily per capita contact rates were estimated from observed contacts in the field where a contact between individuals was recognised when one approached within 1 body length ([approx] 1m) of another. The contacts between feral goats within herds were frequent and occurred at a rate of 6.96 (s.e. = 1.27) goat�goat contacts day-1. Sheep to sheep contacts were slightly less frequent (4.22 sheep�sheep contacts day-1, s.e. = 0.65) but both estimates were most likely negatively biased because of observer errors in estimating the number of individual animals coming in contact with observation subject (focal) animals. Contacts between herds of feral goats were not common and those between adjacent populations were fewer than 1 per year. In sheep, flock to flock contact was largely governed by husbandry practices and occurred at a mean daily rate of 0.0014 flock�flock contacts. Contacts between sheep and feral goats were less frequent but nonetheless common (2.82 goat�sheep contacts day-1, s.e. = 0.40). In feral goats the size of the mob in which focal goats were observed was found to be the most important factor in determining contact rates between individuals and a counter-intuitive inverse relationship was identified. Contacts were heterogeneous and density was not an important determinant of contact rates implying that, because of the uniformly high densities at the site, saturation had occurred. The temporal models of FMDV transmission showed that the rate of contact within and between species was such that FMD was predicted to spread rapidly throughout an infected herd or flock. Control strategies of intense culling of feral goats at the population level were predicted to allow the disease to persist at low prevalence, with a small peak corresponding to the annual lambing pulse in sheep. However, the same level of control (>90% reduction) at the herd level was predicted to eliminate FMD and allow the safe reintroduction of sheep. Extreme control that left very small groups (<3 individuals) may be counter productive because such small groups are likely to join the reintroduced sheep in an effort by the goats to meet gregarious urges. The spatial model was more reassuring. It predicted that FMD would die out in a mixed sheep and feral goat population in less than 90 days because of the low rate of herd to herd contact and herd to flock contact. For similar environments, the contingency planning consequences are that an outbreak of FMD introduced into feral goats from sympatric sheep is likely to be containable by removing all the sheep, determining the extent and likely range of the feral goats, then removing a substantial proportion of or eradicating each herd. Feral goats, being relatively sedentary, are unlikely to spread to adjacent populations and the disease will die out through lack of contact between herds and populations. Because feral goat home ranges overlap and are centred on one or two small catchments, a containment ring of feral goat control, set to encompass the home range of a target herd and that of adjacent herds, should be adequate to limit spread of FMD.

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Coracina, Anna. "Steatosi epatica non alcolica e diabete mellito tipo 2: studio dell'associazione tra grado di steatosi, fattori metabolici e alterazioni vascolari." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426608.

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NAFLD (non alcoholic fatty liver disease) is defined by the presence of hepatic steatosis not associated with a significant alcohol intake nor to the assumption of specific drugs. It is frequently associated with diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Many authors support the concept that NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, and that the insulin-resistance is the common soil in the pathogenesis. Although the natural history of this disease seems to be benign, an evolution toward steatohepatitis and cirrhosis, and a link between NAFLD and cardiovascular (clinical and subclinical) diseases, have been demonstrated. The objectives of this research were to evaluate prevalence and degree of steatosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (defined by ATP III criteria); to search for metabolic factors which are predictive for the degree of steatosis, and to evaluate the possible link between hepatic steatosis and anatomic vasculopathy (intima-media thickness – IMT and carotid plaques) and endothelial function (flow mediated dilation - FMD). An observational study was performed among 60 type 2 diabetic patients (M/F 25/35) with metabolic syndrome afferent to our Diabetes Center. Steatosis was evaluated by means of semi-quantitative ecography (4 grades) as well as by an “objective quantitative” method based on the determination of liver/kidney ratio (6 grades). The presence of carotid plaques and the IMT measurement were evaluated by means of ecocolordoppler of the supra-aortic arteries. The endothelial function was evaluated by means of ecography as the vasodilatation induced by ischemia in the brachial artery (FMD). We measured anthropometric variables (body mass index, waist circumference), metabolic parameters (lipids, HbA1c, HOMA), inflammation markers (hs-PCR, IL-6, TNFα), thrombogenic factors (fibrinogen) and an adipokine (leptin). We applied a statistical program (Ordered Probit) to evaluated the probability to predict the degree of steatosis by the combination of metabolic parameters. The prevalence of steatosis was 88% (33% mild steatosis, 33% moderate e 22% severe). IMT was 0.88 ± 0.23mm; 63% of patients had carotid plaques. FMD (calculated in 45 patients) was reduced with respect to normal values (5.02 ± 1.81%). We demonstrated a correlation between the degree of steatosis and BMI, waist, the number of metabolic syndrome’s factors, sex, diastolic pressure, insulinemia, HOMA, Hb1Ac, HDL-cholesterol (inverse), hs-PCR, fibrinogen, leptin. We didn’t demonstrate any correlation between steatosis, and medium and maximum IMT, the presence of carotid plaques and FMD. With multiple regression analysis HOMA and BMI levels were indipendent factors which predict hepatic steatosis (p 0.033). Using the combination of HbA1c, waist and insulinemia, a prediction of the exact grade of steatosis (± one steatosis grade) (evaluated by ecography) was obtained in 96.5% of cases. This study confirms that, in this population of diabetic patients with metabolic myndrome, NAFLD can be considered the hepatic manifestation of the syndrome since it correlates with HOMA and obesity. A high prevalence of increased IMT and of presence of carotid plaques, as well as a reduced FMD compared to general population, are also demonstrated, although they are not apparently linked with steatosis.
La steatosi epatica non alcolica (NAFLD) si definisce come la presenza di steatosi epatica in soggetti con modesto o assente consumo di alcol e mancata assunzione/esposizione a determinati farmaci o sostanze; è frequentemente associata al diabete, all’obesità e alla sindrome metabolica, tanto da essere considerata da molti autori come la manifestazione epatica della sindrome metabolica, avendo come fattore patogenetico comune l’insulino-resistenza. La storia naturale della NAFLD sembra benigna anche se può evolvere in steatoepatite e in cirrosi ed è stata dimostrata una correlazione tra NAFLD e patologie cardiovascolari (cliniche e subcliniche). Lo scopo dello studio è stato di valutare la prevalenza ed il grado di steatosi epatica in un gruppo di pazienti affetti da diabete mellito tipo 2 e sindrome metabolica (definita in base ai criteri dell’ATP III), di ricercare i fattori metabolici predittivi del grado di steatosi e di valutare l’eventuale relazione esistente tra steatosi epatica e vasculopatia anatomica (spessore medio-intimale carotideo [IMT] e placche carotidee) e funzionale (dilatazione flusso mediata [FMD]). E’ stato eseguito uno studio osservazionale su 60 pazienti (M/F 25/35) affetti da diabete mellito di tipo 2 e sindrome metabolica afferenti al nostro servizio di Diabetologia. La presenza di steatosi è stata valutata mediante ultrasonografia sia con metodica soggettiva semiquantitativa (4 gradi) sia con metodica oggettiva quantitativa mediante la determinazione del rapporto fegato/rene (6 gradi). La ricerca di placche aterosclerotiche carotidee e la misurazione dell’IMT sono stati eseguiti con ecocolordoppler dei tronchi sovraaortici; la funzione endoteliale è stata valutata mediante ultrasonografia con valutazione della vasodilatazione indotta dall’ischemia a livello dell’arteria brachiale (FMD). Sono stati misurati i parametri antropometrici (indice di massa corporea e circonferenza addominale), metabolici (assetto lipidico, HbA1c, HOMA), citochine infiammatorie (hs-PCR, IL-6, TNFα), fattori trombogenici (fibrinogeno) e adipochine (leptina). E’ stato utilizzato inoltre un programma statistico (Ordered Probit) in cui associando alcuni parametri metabolici viene predetta la probabilità del soggetto di appartenere ad una determinata classe di steatosi. La prevalenza di steatosi è risultata dell’88% (33% steatosi lieve, 33% moderata e 22% grave); l’IMT medio pari a 0.88 ± 0.23 mm; il 63% dei pazienti presentavano placche carotidee; l’FMD (calcolato su 45 pazienti) è risultato ridotto e pari a 5.02 ± 1.81%. Dividendo i pazienti per classi di steatosi abbiamo evidenziato una correlazione tra steatosi e BMI, circonferenza addominale, numero dei fattori della sindrome metabolica, sesso, pressione diastolica, insulinemia, HOMA, HbA1c, colesterolo-HDL (inversa), hs-PCR, fibrinogeno e log leptinemia. Non abbiamo dimostrato invece alcuna correlazione tra grado di steatosi e IMT medio o massimo, presenza di placche aterosclerotiche e valore di FMD. Con il modello di regressione multipla HOMA e waist sono risultati fattori indipendenti che influenzano il grado di steatosi epatica (p 0.033). Associando HbA1c, waist, insulinemia il modello statistico Ordered Probit mi predice il grado esatto o con un errore di un grado di steatosi soggettiva (valutato all’ecografia) nel 96,5% dei casi. Questo studio conferma che nei nostri pazienti diabetici con sindrome metabolica la NAFLD correla strettamente con obesità e insulino-resistenza, può essere quindi considerata la manifestazione epatica della sindrome metabolica. E’ stata dimostrata un’elevata prevalenza di aumentato IMT e di placche carotidee, così come di riduzione dell’FMD rispetto alla popolazione generale, sebbene non sembra esservi correlazione con la steatosi epatica.

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15

Yahyaoui, Emna. "Use of standard and setup of non conventional techniques for the elimination of viruses associated with Fig Mosaic Disease (FMD) in fig germplasm (Ficus carica L.)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/79876.

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Abstract Ficus carica L. is considered one of the oldest fruit trees in the Mediterranean basin and is widely grown and harvested for the consumption of its fruits dry and fresh. This species is affected by different virus diseases, especially by Fig mosaic disease (FMD), for which Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1), Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2 (FLMaV-2), Fig mild mottling-associated virus (FMMaV), Fig mosaic virus (FMV), Fig latent virus 1 (FLV-1), Fig badnavirus 1 (FBV-1) and Fig fleck-associated virus (FFkaV) are associated. FMD is the most widespread disorder of this species, which represents a threat and a constraint for healthy fig production and germplasm exchange. Thus, the objective of the present doctoral research was the establishment of an efficient and rapid in vitro F. carica propagation, sanitation and conservation of free-FMD plant material for future large-scale commercialization. Initially, FMD-related viruses distribution was screened within the different fig plant organs (buds, leaves, syconia and seeds) of 14 Mediterranean genotypes (Palazzo, Severoni precoce, Bianca, Pilusedda, Dottato bianco, Bifera, Zidi, Baiyadi, Biancu, Brogiotto nero, Catalanisca, Houmairi, Triboiti and Turca 'Serilop') which were utilized afterward as in vitro plant source material. RT-PCR assays revealed that all the aforementioned viruses were present without any exception in seeds, whereas only 4 viruses (FBV, FFkaV, FLMaV-1 and FMV) were detected in buds, leaves and syconia with highly variable infection rates. Moreover, encapsulation technology proved to be a powerful multiplication technique to sustain standard fig tissue culture protocol for three cultivars (Catalanisca, Palazzo and Bifera) and it gave high, almost similar, viability, regrowth and conversion rates. Microcutting rooting in one-step was achieved and conversion rate was comparable for the three cultivars. Furthermore, in order to eliminate FMD associated viruses, with the exception of FBV-1 which resisted to all the sanitation attempts, Caulogenesis and Meristem Tip Culture Protected by the Synthetic Seeds technique (MTC-SS) gave the best sanitation rates. Finally, F. carica (cv. Houmairi) artificial seeds conservation, for final delivery, was achieved. A high viability and moderate regrowth rates were registered with a lesser conversion rate strictly related to the plant growth regulators (PGRs) used. Keywords: Fig, mosaic, RT-PCR, virus distribution, cytokinins, encapsulation, micropropagation, synthetic seed.
Resumen La higuera (Ficus carica L.) es considerada como uno de de los árboles frutales más antiguos de la cuenca mediterránea y es ampliamente cultivado y cosechado para el consumo de sus frutos tanto secos como en fresco. Esta especie se ve afectada por diversas enfermedades virales, especialmente por la denominada "Fig mosaic disease" (FMD) asociada actualemnte a los virus: Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1), Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2 (FLMaV-2), Fig mild mottling-associated virus (FMMaV), Fig mosaic virus (FMV), Fig latent virus 1 (FLV-1), Fig badnavirus 1 (FBV-1) y Fig fleck-associated virus (FFkaV). Esta enfermedad representa una amenaza y un obstáculo para la producción de higos y el intercambio de germoplasma. El principal objetivo del presente trabajo fue establecer un método de propagación de higuera in vitro para el saneamiento y la conservación de material vegetal libre de FMD para su posterior comercialización. Inicialmente, se estudió la distribución de los virus implicados en la enfermedad en diversos órganos de 14 genotipos de F. carica (Palazzo, Severoni precoce, Bianca, Pilusedda, Dottato bianco, Bifera, Zidi, Baiyadi, Biancu, Brogiotto nero, Catalanisca, Houmairi, Triboiti y Turca 'Serilop'), los cuales fueron utilizados posteriormente como fuente material vegetal in vitro. Los resultados obtenidos mediante RT-PCR revelaron que todos los virus mencionados estaban presentes sin excepción en las semillas, mientras que sólo cuatro de ellos (FBV, FFkaV, FLMaV-1 y FMV) fueron en brotes, hojas y siconios con tasas de infección variables. Además, la tecnología de encapsulación demostró ser una técnica de multiplicación eficaz para poder aplicar el protocolo estándar de cultivo de tejidos de higo para tres cultivares (Catalanisca, Palazzo y Bifera) dando altas tasas de viabilidad, rebrote y conversión. Se logró el enraizamiento de microcortes en un solo paso y el índice de conversión fue comparable para los tres cultivares. La callogénesis y el culñtivo de meristemos con la técnica de la semilla sintética (MTC-SS) fueron las técnicas que proporcionaron mayores tasas de desinfección para los virus estudiados a excepción de con FBV-1, entidad viral que no fue eliminada con ninguna de las técnicas ensayadas. Por último, se logró la conservación de las semillas artificiales de higuera (cv Houmairi), registrándose una alta viabilidad y tasas de rebrote moderadas con un menor grado de conversión estrictamente relacionado con hormonas utilizadas. Palabras clave: Higuera, mosaico, RT-PCR, la distribución de los virus, hormonas, encapsulación, micropropagación, y la semilla sintética.
Resum La figuera (Ficus carica L.) és considerada un dels arbres fruiters més antics de la conca mediterrània i és àmpliament conreat i collit per al seu consum fresc i sec. Les malalties virals, especialment "Fig mosaic disease" (FMD), associada amb els viruses: Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1), Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2 (FLMaV-2), Fig mild mottling-associated virus (FMMaV), Fig mosaic virus (FMV), Fig latent virus 1 (FLV-1), Fig badnavirus 1 (FBV-1) i Fig fleck-associated virus (FFkaV). Esta malaltia representa una amenaça per a la producció de figues i l'intercanvi de germoplasma. El principal objectiu d'aquest treball va ser estableixerun mètode de propagació de figuera in vitro per al sanejament i la conservació de material lliure de FMD per a su posterior commercialització. Inicialment, es va estudiar la distribució dels virus associats a FMD en diversos òrgans en 14 genotips de F. carica (Palazzo, Severoni Precoce, Bianca, Pilusedda, Dottato bianco, Bifera, Zidi, Baiyadi, Biancu, Brogiotto diners, Catalanisca, Houmairi, Triboiti i Turca 'Serilop'), els quals van ser utilitzats posteriorment com a font de material vegetal in vitro. Els resultats obtinguts del anàlisis realitzats per RT-PCR van revelar que tots els virus eren presents sense excepció en les llavors, mentre que només quatre virus (FBV, FFkaV, FLMaV-1 i FMV) van ser detectats en brots, fulles i siconis amb taxes d'infecció variables. A més, la tecnologia d'encapsulació va demostrar ser una tècnica de multiplicació eficaç per poder aplicar el protocol estàndard de cultiu de teixits de figa per a tres cultivars (Catalanisca, Palazzo i Bifera) donant taxesadequades de viabilitat, rebrot i conversió. Es va aconseguir l'arrelament de microtalls en un sol pas i l'índex de conversió va ser comparable per als tres cultivars. La calogènesi i el cultiu de meristems protegits per llavors sintètiques (MTC-SS)van ser les tècniques que proporcionarem millores tases de desinfecció per als virus estudiats amb l'excepció de FBV-1 que es va resistir a tots els mètodes de sanejament. Finalment, es va aconseguir la conservació de la llavors artificials de figuera (cv. Houmairi), registrant-ne una alta viabilitat i taxes de rebrot moderades amb un menor grau de conversió estrictament relacionat amb hormones utilitzades. Paraules clau: Figuera, mosaic, RT-PCR, la distribució dels virus, hormones, encapsulació, micropropagació, i la llavor sintètica.
Yahyaoui, E. (2017). Use of standard and setup of non conventional techniques for the elimination of viruses associated with Fig Mosaic Disease (FMD) in fig germplasm (Ficus carica L.) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/79876
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Luo, Yan. "Spatial and temporal variations of earthquake frequency-magnitude distribution at the subduction zone near the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45963.

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The Nicoya Peninsula of Costa Rica is unusually close to the Middle America Trench (MAT), such that interface locking along the megathrust is observable under land. Here, rapid convergence between the downgoing Cocos and the over-riding Caribbean plates at ~85mm/yr allows for observable high strain rates, frequent large earthquakes and ongoing micro-seismicity. By taking advantage of this ideal location, a network of 20 on-land broadband seismometers was established in cooperation between UC Santa Cruz, Georgia Tech, and OVSICORI, with most stations operating since 2008. To evaluate what seismicity tells us about the ongoing state of coupling along the interface, we must consistently evaluate the location and magnitude of ongoing micro- seismicity. Because of large levels of anthropogenic, biologic, and coastal noise, automatic detection of earthquakes remains problematic in this region. Thus, we resorted to detailed manual investigation of earthquake phases. So far, we have detected nearly 7,000 earthquakes below or near Nicoya between February and August 2009. From these events we evaluate the fine-scale frequency-magnitude distribution (FMD) along the subduction megathrust. The results from this b-value mapping‟ are compared with an earlier study of the seismicity 9 years prior. In addition, we evaluate them relative to the latest geodetically derived locking. Preliminary comparisons of spatial and temporal variations of the b-values will be reported here. Because ongoing manual detection of earthquakes is extremely laborious and some events might be easily neglected, we are implementing a match-filter detection algorithm to search for new events from the continuous seismic data. This new approach has been previously successful in identifying aftershocks of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake. To do so, we use the waveforms of 858 analyst-detected events as templates to search for similarly repeating events during the same periods that have been manually detected. Preliminary results on the effectiveness of this technique are reported. The overall goal of this research is to evaluate the evolution of stress along the megathrust that may indicate the location and magnitude of potentially large future earthquakes. To do so, I make the comparison between the FMD and the interface locking. Only positive correlations are observed in the Nicoya region. The result is different from the one derived from the seismic data set that was recorded 9 years before our data. Therefore, to substantiate the causes for the different relationships between the b-value and the coupling degree, we need additional data with more reliable magnitudes.

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17

Slager-Bastos, Armanda Duarte. "Molecular epidemiology and diagnosis of SAT-type foot-and-mouth disease in southern Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/22866.

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically devastating picornaviral disease affecting over 40 species of cloven-hoofed animals. The virus occurs as seven immunologically distinct serotypes which are characterized by high levels of intra- and intertypic variation. The three South African Territories (SAT) serotypes 1-3 are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, a region where the epidemiology of the disease is particularly complex due to the presence of six of the seven serotypes, the role of wildlife in virus maintenance and the apparently higher levels of variation in the endemic serotypes. These factors make it imperative to establish methods suited to elucidating the regional epidemiology. One of the integral parts of this process is the genetic characterization of regionally representative viruses in order to assess the variation in the field and to clarify the role of wildlife. Nucleotide sequence data and methods suited to studying the SAT-types are however limited. A first priority was therefore to establish a PCR-based nucleotide sequencing technique targeting the highly immunogenic and phylogenetically informative 1D genome region encoding the VP1 protein. The screening of multiple serotypes and subtypes prevalent on the African continent confirmed that this method was robust and well-suited to molecular epidemiological studies in the southern Africa region. The method was first applied in the characterization of FMD virus recovered from the reproductive tract of free-living African buffalo in the Kruger National Park. Nucleotide sequencing assisted in authentication of the results and indicated that carrier status was likely, but it was not possible to unequivocally demonstrate persistent infection of FMDV. In a separate study, the role of impala antelope (Aepyceros melampus) in the epidemiology of the disease in South Africa was assessed. Genetic characterization of impala and African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) viruses collected over an eleven year period confirmed that inter-species transmission occurred on several occasions and that virus can persist in impala populations for more than 12 months. Inter-species transmission and investigation of the possible mechanisms facilitating virus transmission from persistently infected buffalo focussed on the Kruger National Park in South Africa. In order to ensure regional relevance the study was broadened to incorporate buffalo populations throughout southern Africa. Viruses of the three SAT-types recovered from diverse African buffalo populations were therefore characterized. The results reveal that independently evolving viral lineages occur in distinct geographical regions for each of the SAT-types examined and that the levels of intratypic variation are in the order of 52 - 55 % on nucleotide level across the genome region characterized. Given the strict locality-specific grouping of buffalo viruses the likely usefulness of this database for tracing the origin and course of contemporary and historical SAT-type outbreaks was investigated. Molecular epidemiological studies conclusively show that buffalo are indeed the ultimate source of infection for susceptible cloven-hoofed animals occurring in close proximity, that interspecies transmission occurs between cattle and antelope and that trans-boundary transmission of virus remains a threat to disease security in southern African countries.
Thesis (PhD (Microbiology))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
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Sonder, Elma. "Limited effect of low concentrations (0.1[percent]-0.3[percent]) of propionic acid, citric acid, and hydrogen peroxide on the inactivation of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus in skimmed milk /." Bern, 1990. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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19

Pedro, Fábio Lopes. "Eficácia da suplementação com ácido folínico sobre a função endotelial de indivíduos infectados pelo hiv e hiv-hcv : ensaio clínico randomizado controlado por placebo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/117007.

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Contexto: A suplementação de ácido fólico (AF) melhora a função endotelial de indivíduos infectados pelo HIV em uso contínuo de terapia antirretroviral (TARV). A literatura não demonstra com clareza esse benefício em indivíduos coinfectados HIV-HCV. Introdução: Indivíduos infectados pelo HIV ou em coinfecção pelo HIV-HCV apresentam um conjunto de fatores de risco que podem levar a disfunção endotelial. Estudos demonstram que a administração de AF possui efeitos benéficos sobre a função endotelial de diferentes populações com risco cardiovascular, inclusive em HIV monoinfectados. Objetivo: Determinar o efeito da suplementação de AF por quatro semanas sobre a dilatação mediada (FMD) pelo fluxo da artéria braquial em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV ou HIV-HCV em uso contínuo de TARV. Delineamento: Ensaio clínico randomizado (ECR), controlado por placebo. Local: Ambulatório de doenças infecciosas do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria. População: Foram avaliados 69 indivíduos com idade entre 18-50 anos, de ambos os sexos, infectados pelo HIV com ou sem coinfecção pelo HCV, em TARV e com carga viral indetectável há mais de seis meses. Excluíram-se participantes com diabetes mellitus, infarto agudo do miocárdio, revascularização miocárdica, ou acidente vascular encefálico prévios, com creatinina >1,5 mg/dL, diagnóstico clínico, ecográfico, endoscópico ou laboratorial de cirrose hepática, em uso de estatinas, fibratos, terapia de reposição hormonal, sulfonamidas, suplementos vitamínicos, ou AF nos últimos 30 dias. Adicionalmente foram excluídas mulheres grávidas, e participantes de outro ECR. Intervenção: Indivíduos alocados para o grupo intervenção receberam AF, 5 mg, via oral, em dose única diária, pela manhã, durante quatro semanas. Os participantes alocados para grupo placebo receberam orientação para seguir a mesma posologia, sendo os comprimidos indistinguíveis em cor, aroma, sabor, forma e tamanho. Desfechos: Utilizaram-se as variações nos níveis de homocisteína, vitamina B12 e na FMD, aferida por Doppler, na artéria braquial, obtidos na randomização e ao final do seguimento. Resultados: Realizou-se o rastreamento de 239 participantes, sendo 72 elegíveis, 69 randomizados e 68 acompanhados, entre outubro de 2012 e julho de 2013. Em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV houve aumento significativo nos níveis de AF (12,8 ng/ml) no grupo intervenção em comparação ao placebo (P<0,001), acompanhada de variação negativa de homocisteína (-1,9 umol/l) no grupo intervenção e aumento mínimo no grupo placebo (P<0,001). Não houve variação significativa na FMD (P=0,9). Entre indivíduos coinfectados por HIV-HCV, a variação nos níveis de AF foi decorrente da elevação no grupo intervenção (12,6 ng/ml) e redução no grupo placebo (-0,7 ng/ml) (P<0,001). Os níveis de homocisteína aumentaram no grupo placebo (4,6 umol/l) e diminuíram no grupo intervenção (-1,0 umol/l) (P<0,0003). Em relação ao FMD, houve tendência à redução percentual no grupo intervenção e aumento no grupo placebo (P=0,007). As variações de vitamina B12 não foram significativas, independente do status de infecção para HCV. Conclusão: Esse estudo demonstrou que a suplementação de AF por um curto período de tempo, esteve associada com redução de homocisteína sérica, mas não modificou a FMD da artéria braquial, aferida por Doppler, em indivíduos adultos infectados pelo HIV ou HIV-HCV em uso de TARV.
Context: The supplementation of folic acid (FA) improves endothelial function in HIV-infected individuals in continuous use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The literature does not clearly show this benefit in coinfected HIV-HCV. Introduction: Individuals infected with HIV or HIV-HCV coinfected presents a set of risk factors that can lead to endothelial dysfunction. Studies show that FA management has beneficial effects on endothelial function in different populations with cardiovascular risk, including HIV monoinfected. Objective: To determine the effect of FA supplementation for four weeks on the mediated dilation (FMD) by brachial artery flow in patients infected with HIV or HIV-HCV continuous HAART. Design: Randomized clinical trial (RCT), placebo-controlled study. Location: Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Santa Maria. Population: A total of 69 subjects aged 18-50 years, of both sex, HIV or HIV-HCV infected, on HAART, with undetectable viral load for more than six months. Patients presenting with diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, or stroke prior, with creatinine >1,5 mg/dL, clinical diagnosis, ultrasound, endoscopic or laboratory evidence of liver cirrhosis, on statins, fibrates, hormone replacement therapy, sulfonamides, vitamin supplements, or FA in the last 30 days. In addition pregnant women were excluded, and participants in a RCT. Intervention: Subjects allocated to the intervention group received FA, 5 mg orally once daily in the morning for four weeks. Participants allocated to placebo group were instructed to follow the same dosage, being indistinguishable tablets in color, aroma, taste, shape and size. Outcomes: changes were used in the levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and FMD, measured by Doppler, in the brachial artery obtained at randomization and at the end of follow-up. Results: We carried out the screening of 239 participants, 72 eligible, 69 randomized and 68 accompanied, between October 2012 and July 2013. In HIV-infected patients there was a significant increase in the levels of FA (12.8 ng/ml) in the intervention group compared to placebo (P <0.001), accompanied by negative variation of homocysteine (1.9 umol/L) in the group intervention and minimal increase in the placebo group (P <0.001). There was no significant change in FMD (P = 0.9). Between individuals coinfected with HIV-HCV, the variation in FA levels was due to the increase in the intervention group (12.6 ng/ml) and reduction in the placebo group (-0.7 ng / ml) (P <0.001). Homocysteine levels increased in the placebo group (4.6 umol/L) and decreased in the intervention group (-1.0 umol/L) (P <0.0003). Regarding the FMD, there was a tendency to percentage reduction in the intervention group and increased in the placebo group (P = 0.007). Variations of B12 were not significant, independent of HCV infection status. Conclusion: This study showed that AF supplementation for a short term, was associated with reduced serum homocysteine, but did not change the FMD of the brachial artery, measured by Doppler in adults infected with HIV or HIV-HCV in HAART.

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20

Bond, Bert. "The influence of exercise intensity on vascular health outcomes in adolescents." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18057.

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death, and the underlying atherosclerotic process has its origin in youth. Physical activity lowers future CVD risk, however few adolescents achieve the recommended minimum amount of daily activity and interventions fail to meaningfully increase activity levels in this group. It is therefore essential to identify how small volumes of exercise can be optimised for the primary prevention of CVD. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the influence of exercise intensity on vascular health outcomes in adolescents, and to assess the efficacy of 2 weeks of low volume, high-intensity interval training on CVD risk factors in this population. Chapter 4 demonstrates that a single bout of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) performed one hour before a high fat meal elicits comparable reductions in postprandial lipaemia as a work-matched bout of moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) in girls. However, neither exercise attenuated postprandial lipaemia in the boys. Additionally, HIIE elicited a superior increase in postprandial fat oxidation and decrease in blood pressure, and this was sex independent. These findings are furthered in Chapter 5, which identified that accumulating HIIE, but not MIE, favourably modulates glycaemic control, postprandial blood pressure and fat oxidation in adolescents irrespective of sex. A high fat meal was included in Chapter 6 in order to impair vascular function via oxidative stress. Postprandial vascular function was preserved following MIE, but improved after HIIE, and these changes were not related to changes in postprandial lipaemia or total antioxidant status. Chapter 7 addressed the time course of the changes in vascular function post exercise, and identified that HIIE promotes superior changes in vascular function than MIE. Finally, Chapter 8 identified that 2 weeks of high-intensity interval training improved novel (endothelial function and heart rate variability), but not traditional CVD factors in adolescent boys and girls. However, most of these favourable changes were lost 3 days after training cessation. Thus, this thesis demonstrates that vascular health outcomes are positively associated with exercise intensity. Given that HIIE was perceived to be more enjoyable than MIE in Chapters 4, 6 and 7, performing HIIE appears to be an effectual and feasible alternative to MIE for the primary prevention of CVD.

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Giorgakoudi, Kyriaki. "Mathematical modelling of the potential determinants of foot-and-mouth disease virus-induced death of bovine epithelial cells." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14931.

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Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly infectious virus affecting cloven-hoofed animals. The most prominent of its clinical signs is the development of vesicular lesions on the feet and in or around the mouth, which are a consequence of extensive FMDV-induced epithelial cell death. Currently, there is no certain biological knowledge on why extensive epithelial cell death occurs in some FMDV-infected tissues, but not in others. Using the epithelial tissues of tongue and dorsal soft palate as examples of a tissue where lesions occur and one that does not visibly exhibit FMDV-induced cell death, this work aims to identify the potential drivers of epithelial cell death and survival. A partial differential equation (PDE) model informed by experimental data on epithelial structure, is used to test epithelium thickness and cell layer structure as potential determinants. A second PDE model investigates FMDV-interferon (IFN) dynamics and their impact on the levels of cell death and survival, while an experimental study is undertaken to provide data for model validation. The work carried out casts light on the important role of a variety of factors including FMDV replication, IFN production and release, and IFN antiviral action.

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Almohmedhusain, Awal. "Lipid associated biomarkers in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/lipid-associated-biomarkers-in-patients-withsystemic-lupus-erythematosus-andrheumatoid-arthritis(e62f01eb-debe-4510-9489-13f05249dbc1).html.

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Patients with chronic inflammatory conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) experience premature cardiovascular mortality and morbidity compared with the general population. The increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) may in part, result from an interaction between traditional and non-traditional risk factors, modulated by chronic inflammation. The aim of this project was to look at lipid associated biomarkers in patients with SLE/RA and the association between these markers and cardiovascular disease outcomes. We also aimed to study the effect of inflammation reduction on vascular biomarkers. In the first study we examined 168 SLE patients median (IQR) age was 53 (46-61) years and median disease duration 13 (7, 23) years and 56 healthy controls median age 50 (39-60) years. We demonstrated elevated level of oxidised-LDLin SLE patients compared with healthy controls (76 (57, 99) U/l vs 56 (42, 88)U/l P= 0.02). We further explored the association between oxidant stress and premature atherosclerosis as measured by carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and plaque. In addition to age and systolic blood pressure, oxidised-LDL and urinary 8-isoprostane were significantly and independently associated with cIMTin SLE patients _ coefficient 95%CI [0.00007 (5.29−6, 0.0001) and 0.003 (0.0008,0.004)], respectively. In healthy controls, age was the only independent variable. In the Norfolk Arthritis Register, 1266 patients with early inflammatory polyarthritis (IP) were studied. A linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative association between CRP and lipid profile namely TC, LDL, TG and ApoA-1. During a median (IQR) follow up = 5.5 (3.7-7.7) years 100 (7%) patients died (all causes) of which 33% (33) deaths were attributed to CVD. Forward stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that a low total cholesterol was independently associated with all cause mortality HR (95%CI) 0.75 (0.61, 0.91) and CVD mortality HR (95%CI) 0.49 (0.29, 0.85). In a small cohort 27 SLE patients and 15 healthy controls. We measured endothelial function using flow mediated dilatation of the brachial artery. At baseline we found a significant increase in TG level [1.36 (0.9, 1.87) mmol/l vs0.88 (0.64, 1) mmol/l P= 0.009] and a significant impaired endothelial function in SLE patients compared to the healthy controls [2.86 (0.6, 5.3) vs 6.81 (3.46,8.57), P= 0.03]. After treatment, there was a trend towards reduced TG level and improved endothelial function. Oxidised-LDL did not change significantly. In conclusion, oxidant stress is increased in SLE patients and relates to some measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. Control of inflammation may not be sufficient to completely control this in routine practice. In early RA, active inflammationmay mask any tendency to hyperlipidemia in this population. Low total cholesterol may be the best biomarker of the overall metabolic and inflammatory status of the patients as well as indicating a group with increased risk of future mortality.

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Cline, John J. "State and local policy considerations for implementing the National Response Plan." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FCline.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.
Thesis Advisor(s): Christopher Bellavita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-139). Also available online.

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24

Fabbri, Michele. "A framework for cyber-physical system simulation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.

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In these last years, systems engineering has became one of the major research domains. The complexity of systems has increased constantly and nowadays Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are a category of particular interest: these, are systems composed by a cyber part (computer-based algorithms) that monitor and control some physical processes. Their development and simulation are both complex due to the importance of the interaction between the cyber and the physical entities: there are a lot of models written in different languages that need to exchange information among each other. Normally people use an orchestrator that takes care of the simulation of the models and the exchange of informations. This orchestrator is developed manually and this is a tedious and long work. Our proposition is to achieve to generate the orchestrator automatically through the use of Co-Modeling, i.e. by modeling the coordination. Before achieving this ultimate goal, it is important to understand the mechanisms and de facto standards that could be used in a co-modeling framework. So, I studied the use of a technology employed for co-simulation in the industry: FMI. In order to better understand the FMI standard, I realized an automatic export, in the FMI format, of the models realized in an existing software for discrete modeling: TimeSquare. I also developed a simple physical model in the existing open source openmodelica tool. Later, I started to understand how works an orchestrator, developing a simple one: this will be useful in future to generate an orchestrator automatically.

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Hammar, Mattias. "Parallelization of Aggregated FMUs using Static Scheduling." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-152272.

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This thesis implements and evaluates static scheduling for aggregated FMUs. An aggregate FMU is several coupled FMUs placed in a single FMU. The implementation creates task graphs from the internal dependencies and connections between the coupled FMUs. These task graphs are then scheduled using two different list scheduling heuristics, MCP and HLFET. The resulting schedules are then executed in parallel by using OpenMP in the runtime. The implementation is evaluated by looking at the utilization of the schedule, the execution time of the scheduling and the speedup of the simulation. These measurements are taken on three different test models. With model exchange FMUs only a really small speedup is observed. With co-simulation models the speedup varies a lot depending on the model, the highest achieved speedup was 2.8 running on four cores.

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Costa, João Marcos Nacif da. "Avaliação dos resultados da Instrução Normativa nº 50/2008 (MAPA) na melhoria da purificação das vacinas contra a febre aftosa comercializadas no Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179730.

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A febre aftosa é causada por um vírus do gênero Aphtovirus, cujas proteínas não estruturais (PNE) estão relacionadas diretamente a replicação viral e são comuns a todos os sorotipos e, portanto, são mais adequadas à pesquisa de anticorpos contra este vírus. Métodos de diagnóstico capazes de diferenciar animais infectados de vacinados aliados ao uso de vacinas purificadas quanto à PNE são imprescindíveis na estratégia para comprovação de ausência de transmissão viral. Através da Instrução Normativa nº 50/2008, o Brasil passou a realizar o controle oficial da pureza nas vacinas contra a febre aftosa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se as chances de encontrar bovinos reativos aos testes sorológicos serão maiores antes da implantação do controle oficial, tanto nos resultados do controle oficial das vacinas, quanto nos inquéritos. Para isto, foram utilizados modelos de regressão logística com efeitos aleatórios, interações e controle de possíveis confundidores. Os resultados demonstraram que no realizado em laboratório oficial em 1016 partidas de vacinas, observou-se que a chance de ocorrência de resultados reativos antes da implantação da norma utilizando o método de triagem ELISA 3ABC NCPanaftosa foi 2,86 (IC95%,1,92-4,14) vezes a chance de ocorrência nos testes de vacina feitos após a norma, utilizando-se o mesmo método de triagem. Já a chance de resultados reativos antes da norma, utilizando-se o método NCPanaftosa, foi 19,70 (IC 95%,8,55- 45,37) vezes a chance de ocorrência após a norma com o uso do método PrioCHECK como triagem Já, a partir da comparação entre inquéritos soroepidemiológicos, foi possível observar que antes da implantação da IN50/2008 a chance de ocorrência de resultados reativos em bovinos que receberam uma dose de vacina foi 2,22 (IC 95%, 1,22-4,06) vezes a chance da ocorrência em bovinos não vacinados. Já, a chance de ocorrência de resultados reativos em bovinos que receberam duas ou três vacinas foi 5,94 (IC 95%, 3,25-10,87) vezes a de bovinos não vacinados. Nas estimativas modeladas para os inquéritos soroepidemiológicos realizados após a implantação da norma, independentemente do método de triagem utilizado, não houve associação significativa entre diferentes doses de vacinas e a ocorrência de animais reativos. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que há uma associação do controle oficial com a melhoria da produção de vacinas no que diz respeito a purificação do antígeno, assim como, indicam que a melhoria na pureza está associada à diminuição na chance de ocorrência de bovinos reativos em inquéritos soroepidemiológicos, ou seja, redução nos falso-positivos a campo.
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease caused by an Aphtovirus. Non-structural proteins (NSP) of this virus are directly related to viral replication and are common to all serotypes. Therefore, are more suitable for antibodies-based serological diagnosis. Diagnostic methods capable of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) are important surveillance tools; however, strategies should be in step with the development of vaccines. Since January 2009, the Brazilian government has been conducting an official control to evaluate NSP purity in vaccines production through the Normative Instruction No. 50 from 2008. This paper evaluates the situation of the vaccines produced in Brazil regarding NSP purification based on the results of the official control carried out by MAPA, as well as the adequacy of the surveillance system based on seroepidemiological surveys. Logistic regression with random effects, interactions and control for potential confounders were the chosen models. For the data obtained from the control of vaccines carried out in the official laboratory, the model estimated that the chance of occurrence of seroreactive results before the application of the official control using the 3ABC NCPanaftosa ELISA as screening method was 2.86 (95% CI, 1.92-4.14) times the chance of occurrence in the vaccine tests made after the standard, using the same method. The chance of seroreactive results before the official control, using the NCPanaftosa method as screening, was 19.70 (95% CI, 8.55 to 45.37) times the chance of occurrence after the official control with the use of the PrioCHECK method Comparing the seroepidemiological surveys results, the model indicated that, before the official control of vaccine purity, the chance of occurrence of reactive results in cattle receiving a single dose of vaccine was 2.22 (95% CI, 1.22 -4.06) times the chance of occurrence in unvaccinated animals. Furthermore, the chance of occurrence of reactive results in animals receiving two or three vaccines was 5.94 (95% CI, 3.25-10.87) times that of unvaccinated animals. Despite that, there was no significant difference in the estimates of the odds ratio between different doses of vaccines regardless of the screening method used for the seroepidemiological surveys performed after the official control of vaccines purity,. The present study suggests that there is an association of the implementation of Normative Instruction No. 50 from 2008 with the improvement of the NSP purity of vaccines, as well as indicates that this improvement is associated with a decrease in chance of occurrence of reactive animals in seroepidemiological surveys, i.e., reduction of false-positives in field monitoring.

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Martz, François. "Développement d'une nouvelle méthode de docking basée sur les mécanismes enzymatiques et guidée par des groupes prosthétiques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112326/document.

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Les travaux de cette thèse ont porté sur le développement de deux méthodes de modélisation des enzymes contenant des groupes prosthétiques de la famille des flavines.La première méthode, PredFace, permet de prédire la stéréochimie des produits d'une réaction catalysée par des enzymes contenant des groupes prosthétiques, en identifiant la face libre d'interaction avec les substrats. Le protocole mis en place pour cette méthode implique l'utilisation de huit complexes "sondes", obtenus par des opérations de symétrie à partir de l'état de transition de la réaction de transfert d'un atome d'hydrogène entre le nicotinamide et la lumiflavine. Ces complexes sont positionnés dans le site actif avec le groupe prosthétique comme référence et dans chaque cas l'énergie d'interaction protéine-ligand est évaluée par la fonction de score implémentée dans le logiciel de docking utilisé (AutoDock). L'énergie d'interaction la plus favorable permet d'identifier la face du groupe prosthétique accessible pour la réaction enzymatique dans le site actif. La méthode PredFace a été validée par l'analyse de l'ensemble des structures de la Protein Data Bank contenant des groupes prosthétiques de la famille des flavines (2170). Le protocole mis au point est très rapide (moins d'une minute), ce qui nous a permis de développer un site web afin de mettre cette méthode à la disposition de la communauté.La seconde méthode, ProsthDock, est une nouvelle méthode de docking basée sur le mécanisme d'une réaction enzymatique catalysée par un groupe prosthétique et guidée par la présence de ce groupe prosthétique dans le site actif de l'enzyme. Le développement de cette méthode a été motivé par le fait que les méthodes actuelles de docking, en présence de groupes prosthétiques, se révèlent incapables de produire des poses correctes pour des substrats, en accord avec les réactions enzymatiques. Afin de remédier à ce problème nous avons ajouté à la fonction de score classique un terme supplémentaire, qui rendra compte de l'interaction du ligand avec le groupe prosthétique. Dans un premier temps, nous avons construit un modèle simplifié du complexe NADH/FMN et calculé l'état de transition de la réaction de transfert d'hydrogène entre les deux partenaires. Des surfaces d'énergie potentielle pour cette réaction ont été calculées en variant la distance, l'angle et l'angle dièdre entre les deux réactifs. Un docking sous contrainte est ensuite réalisé et en fonction du positionnement de chaque pose de docking dans le site actif le terme supplémentaire de la fonction de score est calculé à partir des surfaces d'énergie potentielle, ce qui nous permet de modifier le classement des résultats de docking en favorisant les poses qui sont en accord avec la réaction enzymatique
During this PhD thesis we developped two new molecular modeling methods applied to enzymes containing flavin-type prosthetic groups.The first method, PredFace, predicts the stereochemistry of products from a reaction catalyzed by enzymes containing prosthetic groups, by automatically identifying the solvent-exposed face of the prosthetic group. The protocol involves the use of eigth complexes as "probes", obtained by symmetry operations starting from the transition state of a hydrogen atom transfer reaction between nicotinamide and lumiflavin. These complexes are positioned in the binding site with the prosthetic group as reference and the energy of the protein-ligand interaction is evaluated by the scoring function implemented in the docking software (AutoDock). The most favorable interaction energy allows the identification of the prosthetic group face that is available for the enzymatic reaction in the binding site. The PredFace method has been validated by analyzing all the structures in the Protein Data Bank containing flavin-derived prosthetic groups (2170). This method is very fast (less than a minute), which allowed us to develop a web site open to the scientific community.The second method, ProsthDock, is a new mechanism-based molecular docking method guided by prosthetic groups present in the active sites of enzymes. The development of this method was motivated by the incapacity of the currently available docking methods to provide, in the presence of prosthetic groups, ligand conformations that are compatible with the enzymatic reactions. In this regard, we have added a new term to the classical scoring function, to take into account the interaction between ligand and prosthetic group. We have built a simplified model of the NADH/FMN complex and calculated the transition state of the hydrogen transfer reaction between the two partners. Potential energy surfaces have been calculated for this reaction by variating the angle, diedral angle and distance between the two reaction partners. A subsequent docking with constraints provides binding site conformations of the ligand for which the new term of the scoring function is calculated using the potential energy surfaces. This results in a new ranking of the docking poses, favoring those in agreement with the enzymatic reaction

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Nunes, Jose Renato Soares. "FMA+." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/1664.

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O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de dados meteorológicos das regiões de Cambará, Campo Mourão, Cândido de Abreu, Cascavel, Guarapuava, Londrina, Palmas, Paranavaí e Pinhais e de dados meteorológicos e de ocorrência de incêndios florestais da região de Telêmaco Borba, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Os objetivos consistiram em aperfeiçoar a Fórmula de Monte Alegre (FMA), por meio da inclusão da variável velocidade do vento no índice e desenvolver equações que estimem os valores da Umidade Relativa às 13:00 h por meio dos dados das 9:00 e 15:00 h, que sãÓ os padrões utilizados nas estações meteorológicas da rede oficial brasileira. As variáveis meteorológicas utilizadas foram a umidade relativa das 9:00, 13:00 e 15:00 h, a precipitação diária e a velocidade do vento às 13:00 h. As variáveis referentes aos incêndios florestais foram a data de ocorrência, a hora de início e de término e a área queimada. Os dados se referem a um período de 5 anos, compreendido entre 01/06/1998 e 31/05/2003. Foram realizadas análises do comportamento das variáveis meteorológicas para todas as regiões estudadas. A fim de se fazer a correção da umidade relativa foram desenvolvidas equações de regressão para cada região. As equações que apresentaram melhores resultados com base na análise dos coeficientes de determinação (R2) e dos erros-padrão residuais (Sy..x) foram submetidas à análise de covariância e aquelas consideradas estatisticamente semelhantes foram combinadas, dando origem a uma equação geral que estima a umidade relativa das 13:00 h (UR13) com dados das 9:00 h (UR09) e outra que estima a umidade relativa das 13:00 com dados das 15:00 h (UR15) para o estado do Paraná A melhor equação para o primeiro caso foi UR 13=e ^ (2,72976+0,0162192UR09) e a melhor equação para o segundo caso foi UR 13=2,451510 (UR15)^0,796072 Com o fim de se incluir a velocidade do vento na Fórmula de Monte Alegre foram propostos modelos lineares e exponenciais e desenvolvidos programas computacionais com o fim de gerar os índices produzidos por esses modelos para a região de Telêmaco Borba. Com base nos dados de ocorrência de incêndios florestais os modelos tiveram a sua eficiência testada pelo teste skill score. Foram selecionados dois modelos exponenciais, que apresentaram os melhores resultados pelo skill score. Como os modelos selecionados usavam as classes de perigo originais, definidas na Fórmula de Monte Alegre, foi necessária a definição de novas classes que fossem mais adequadas aos novos modelos. Foram realizadas análises numéricas e gráficas em cada uma dessas variáveis com o objetivo de se definir os limites de cada classe de grau de perigo. Urna vez definidos os critérios, foram propostas novas classes de perigo para os modelos selecionados. A partir dos resultados gerados pelo programa e dos dados de incêndios os modelos selecionados foram novamente analisados e submetidos à análise de desempenho, utilizando-se o skill score e as porcentagens de sucesso para os mesmos, permitindo assim a definição do melhor modelo a ser incorporado na Fórmula de Monte Alegre, que passou a ter a seguinte representação: (vide resumo).

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Ampuero, Juan Sebastián, Walter Javier Olguín, Sebastián Ariel Ruiz, and Gonzalo Ariel Sorroche. "FMI." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 2020. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/16426.

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El endeudamiento público es una herramienta muy utilizada, sobre todo en países deficitarios como Argentina. Uno de los organismos que brinda este tipo de financiamiento, y al que han recurrido frecuentemente los gobiernos de nuestro país es el Fondo Monetario Internacional. Es producto de esta recurrencia que surge la importancia de analizar esta organización, cuáles son sus funciones, y específicamente, intensificar el estudio sobre último acuerdo establecido. Todo préstamo genera intereses, y por ello es necesario generar los recursos para cubrirlos, como también su capital. El objetivo de esta tesina es lograr entender y definir cuál es la vinculación entre la tasa de endeudamiento de acuerdos establecidos y la tasa de crecimiento requerida. Esta tesina es de tipo descriptiva y correlacional, ya que detalla el problema observado y las causas que llevaron a la situación analizada y, por otro lado, se efectúa un análisis de la vinculación entre las variables que se plantean en el problema. Se trata de un estudio no experimental ya que se observan las variables tal y como suceden en su contexto natural. La metodología combina técnicas cualitativas, como el análisis de documentos, bibliografía y notas periodísticas, con técnicas cuantitativas en base al análisis de indicadores económicos. Los resultados indican que, si bien existen países con un alto índice de endeudamiento que cuentan con economías y tasas de crecimiento positivas, estos son una excepción a la regla. Y por lo general, los países que recurren frecuentemente al endeudamiento entran en un círculo vicioso del que les es dificultoso salir, especialmente en países con economías inestables y subdesarrolladas como la de nuestro país.
Fil: Ampuero, Juan Sebastián. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.
Fil: Olguín, Walter Javier. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.
Fil: Ruiz, Sebastián Ariel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.
Fil: Sorroche, Gonzalo Ariel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.

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Carr, Brian L. "Fastmover FID." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FCarr.pdf.

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Leiskau, Katja, and Annika-Valeska Walzel. "FID Kunst." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-136904.

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Die Ausrichtung des neuen DFG-Förderprogramms „Fachinformationsdienste für die Wissenschaft (FID)“ bietet für die SLUB Dresden und ihre Partnerinstitution UB Heidelberg sehr gute Voraussetzungen, ihren kooperativen Ansatz durch den stetigen Ausbau des konstruktiven Dialogs mit der Wissenschaft und durch den Einsatz moderner digitaler Werkzeuge in eine weitere Dimension zu führen. Nach der erfolgreichen Fusion der Virtuellen Fachbibliotheken lag es nahe, den im Mai 2013 einzureichenden Antrag zum Aufbau eines „Fachinformationsdienstes Kunst“ nicht wie bislang für die beiden bisherigen Sondersammelgebiete getrennt zu stellen, sondern auch hier die Kräfte zu bündeln und einen gemeinsamen Antrag vorzulegen. So konnten für die nächsten drei Jahre Entwicklungsziele in unterschiedlichen Kompetenzfeldern formuliert werden, die weit über die bestehenden lokalen Angebote anderer wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken hinausgehen.

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Novák, Jiří. "Metody FFD." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318794.

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The diploma thesis deals with the topic of free-form deformations. The main goal of this work were elaboration of theoretical knowledge about this issue and the programming of selected methods od free-form deformations. The first part describes the required spline theory, matrix calculus and free-form deformations. The resulting version shows three programs. The first program compares the selected free-form deformation methods to the example of the 4x4 control point grid. The second program serves as a generalization for the general case of grid of control points. The last program is based on direct manipulation of arbitrary surface point and following recomputation of the control points to obtain demanded shape.

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Kiando, Soto Romuald. "Bases génétiques de la dysplasie fibromusculaire : une approche d’étude d’exome et de génétique épidémiologique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB042/document.

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La dysplasie fibromusculaire artérielle (DFM) est un groupe de pathologies vasculaires non inflammatoires, et non athéromateuses de la paroi artérielle. Elle est caractérisée par la sténose, l'occlusion, l’anévrisme ou la dissection des artères de petit et moyen calibres, en particulier les artères rénales et le tronc supra-aortique. La DFM est un facteur de risque de l’hypertension et de l’accident vasculaire cérébral. Elle touche essentiellement les femmes (80% des cas) de moins de 50 ans. La prévalence en population générale est inconnue et les estimations varient de 0.4% pour les formes cliniques à 4% dans une cohorte de donneurs de reins. Une agrégation familiale a été démontrée et une composante génétique suggérée. L'objectif de mon travail de thèse était de caractériser les bases génétiques la DFM. Dans la première partie, nous avons analysé des variants génétiques rares générés par séquençage d'exomes chez 16 cas apparentés de DFM issus de 7 fratries. Aucun gène majeur n’était muté pour l’ensemble des fratries ou pour au moins 3 fratries sur 7. Cependant, nous avons pu mettre en évidence puis validé un enrichissement en variants rares à fort potentiel fonctionnel de quatre gènes candidats pour la DFM (MYLK, OBSCN, DYNC2H1, RNF213) en combinant l’approche de séquençage d’exomes et l’étude d’association gène entier de 62767 variants rares (MAF < 5%) générés par génotypage avec la puce Exome-chip chez 249 cas non apparentés de DFM et 689 témoins. Cependant, l’implication de ces gènes dans la DFM doit être confirmée dans d’autres familles, et par des études de validations fonctionnelles. Dans la seconde partie, nous avons étudié l'association avec la DFM de 25606 variants fréquents (MAF ≥ 5%) de l’Exome-chip. Les résultats majeurs obtenus ont été répliqués dans une première étude (402 cas de DFM et 2537 témoins) puis dans 3 autres études incluant 512 cas de DFM et 669 témoins. La méta-analyse de l’ensemble a permis d’associer à la DFM le polymorphisme rs9349379-A situé dans l’intron du gène PHACTR1 (OR=1,39 [1,39-1,54] ; P=7,36 ×10-10). Ce variant est aussi un facteur de risque pour la maladie coronaire, la migraine et la dissection de l’artère cervicale. Des études complémentaires conduites chez 2458 volontaires non malades ont permis de montrer que l’allèle à risque pour la DFM, rs9349379-A est associé avec une augmentation de l’épaisseur intima média (P=1,97×10-4) et du rapport de la paroi sur la lumière artérielle (P=0,002), deux paramètres décrits comme augmentés chez les cas de DFM dans des études antérieures. Ensuite, PHACTR1 a été détecté par immunohistochimie dans l’endothélium et les cellules musculaires lisses de carotides dysplasiques et non dysplasiques avec une expression augmentée de PHACTR1 pour les porteurs de l’allèle à risque de DFM dans des cultures primaires de fibroblastes humains (N=86, P=0,003). Enfin, l’invalidation de Phactr1 chez le poisson zèbre conduit à une dilatation des vaisseaux indiquant un défaut du développement vasculaire. Ce travail confirme le caractère multifactoriel et hétérogène de la DFM et ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour évaluer l’ensemble de la variabilité génomique des patients de DFM par des approches massives de génétique épidémiologique
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a group of nonatherosclerotic and noninflammatory vascular diseases leading to stenosis, aneurysm, dissection and/or occlusion of medium-sized arteries, in particular the renal and extracranial cervical arteries. Clinical manifestations of FMD are hypertension, dizziness, pulsatile tinnitus, transient ischemic attack or stroke, according to the involved arterial beds. FMD occurs predominantly (80% of cases) in females under 50 years with a variable prevalence estimation from 0.4% for asymptomatic clinical relevant forms to 4% in potential renal donors. The pathogenesis of FMD is unknown and a genetic origin is suspected given its demonstrated familial aggregation. The aim of my thesis work was to characterize genetic basis of FMD. In the first part of this thesis, we analyzed whole exome sequencing data in 16 related FMD cases from seven families. No gene harbors variants that were shared by all affected members in at least three out seven families. Using combined strategy of whole exome sequencing and gene based association study of 62,767 rare variants (MAF < 5%) generated by Exome‐chip arrays in 249 unrelated FMD cases and 689 controls, we have identified and validated an enrichment of rare and putatively functional variants in four candidates genes (MYLK, OBSCN, DYNC2H1 and RNF213). This results need to be validated in other FMD families and by functional analysis. In the second part, we analyzed 25,606 common variants (MAF ≥ 5%) generated by Exome‐chip array. Top loci were replicated in first replication study (402 cases and 2,537 controls) and in 3 others studies (512 cases and 669 controls). Meta-analysis of all including 1,154 unrelated FMD cases and 3,895 controls allowed identification of association between FMD and rs9349379-A (OR=1.39 [1.39-1.54]; P=7.4×10‐10). rs9349379 is intronic to PHACTR1, a risk locus for coronary artery disease, migraine, and cervical artery dissection. The analyses of geometrical parameters of carotids from 2,458 healthy volunteers indicated higher intima media thickness (P = 1.97×10‐4) and wall to lumen ratio (P = 0.002) in rs9349379‐A carriers, suggesting indices of carotid hypertrophy as previously described in carotids of FMD patients. Immunohistochemistry detected PHACTR1 in endothelium and smooth muscle cells of FMD and normal human carotids. The expression of PHACTR1 by genotypes in primary human fibroblasts showed higher expression in rs9349379‐A carriers (N=86, P=0.003). Phactr1 knockdown in zebrafish resulted in dilated vessels indicating subtle impairment of vascular development. This work confirms the multifactorial and heterogeneous genetic architecture of the FMD and opens new opportunities to evaluate all of genomic variability of FMD patients with massive genetic epidemiology approaches

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Wells, Jonathan C. K. "Energy metabolism in breast-fed and formula-fed infants." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294997.

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Aejmelaeus-Lindström, Petrus. "FAD* for Stadsgårdskajen." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-159076.

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FAD * for Stadsgårdskajen Re-introduction of some of the knowledge from the master builder to the contemporary architect. This project investigates the interaction between designing architecture and building architecture in a computer controlled context. Algorithms have been developed to simulate and control an automated in situ brick stacking process. Brick laying is a well researched topic for robotic processes. It is an ideal material for building with robots (in Stockholm) since it is a generic building block that is cheap and easy to produce locally. Corbeled vaults, instead of keystone vaults, can be built without support and with all identical elements and are therefore also suitable for robotic fabrication. The algorithms have been incorporated in a parametric model that have been used to develop public building at Stadsgårdskajen, Stockholm. FAD is about creating and explore a different architectural expression as well as reintroducing the brick as a relevant construction material for Stockholm.
FAD* för Stadsgårdskajen Återinförande av några av byggmästarens förmågor till den samtida arkitekten I detta examensarbete undersöks förhållandet mellan att designa arkitektur och att bygga arkitektur i en datorkontrollerad miljö. Algoritmer har utarbetats för att simulera och styra en automatiserad in situ murningsprocess. Inom fabrikation och automatisering med industrirobotar är tegelband ett välundersökt ämne. Tegel är ett idealiskt material vid byggande med robotar. Det är enkelt och billigt att framställa och tegel som byggkloss är en lämplig typologi för addativ fabrikation med robotar. Valv byggda genom utkragning istället för traditionella valvbågar kan byggas utan stöd och med identiska element. Därför är denna byggnadsteknik även lämplig för additiv fabrikation med robotoar. Algoritmerna har intergrerats i en parametrisk modell som har använts för att formge en offentlig byggnad på Stadsgårdskajen i Stockholm. FAD handlar såväl om skapande och utforskande av ett nytt arkitekturspråk som av återinförande av tegel som ett betydelsefullt konstruktionsmaterial i Stockholm.

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Hříbalová, Pavlína. "Testování Fed modelu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-73882.

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Diploma Thesis focuses on Fed Model testing and its credibility on market data. The research is based on Gordon Model and Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), it explains, what the basic features of the Fed Model are and describes its derivation from Gordon Model. The Thesis shows possible Fed Model limitation. It uses the US market, Great Britain and Germany 1979 -- 2011 data to demonstrate validity of the model. Eventually possible reasons of Fed Model development in period 2002 -- 2011 are presented.

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Glos, Jan. "Využití modelů v jazyce Modelica v prostředí Matlab-Simulink." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221266.

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This thesis solves the use of Modelica models in Matlab/Simulink enviroment. The first part is focused on Modelica language and Functional Mock-up Interface, a standard way for model exchange and co-simulation of dynamic models, which is supported by most Modelica oriented tools. Based on this standard FMUtoolbox was created and it provides the ability to import and simulate models exported as Functional Mock-up Unit. The tool provides a Simulink block, graphical and command-line interface.

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Vieira, Rodrigo. "Remoção de microalgas por pré-ozonização e flotação por ar dissolvido." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-28032017-104717/.

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Espécies de microalgas como Chlorella sorokiniana têm sido investigadas para as mais variadas aplicações como biocombustíveis, nutrição e a recuperação de nutrientes. Entretanto, a separação de microalgas do meio líquido permanece um desafio tanto técnico quanto econômico. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor e investigar a utilização de pré-ozonização e flotação por ar dissolvido para a separação sólido-líquido de Chlorella sorokiniana cultivada em meio padrão M8a em fotobiorreator flat panel, utilizando polímero catiônico à base de poliacrilamida como coagulante. Primeiramente, foi avaliado o sistema de tratamento com flotação por ar dissolvido, que foi otimizada em escala de laboratório visando eficiência de remoção de algas e flexibilização do sistema. Utilizando dosagens de polímero catiônico de 10 mg L-1 obteve-se remoções de cor aparente, turbidez e densidade óptica próximas de 95 % em pH 7. Posteriormente, a etapa de mistura lenta foi retirada do sistema, a razão de recirculação foi diminuída de 10 para 4 % e após essas alterações, obteve-se remoção de microalgas acima de 90 % para dosagem de polímero de 10 mg L-1. Para analisar o efeito da pré-ozonização a dosagem de polímero catiônico foi reduzida para 7 mg L-1, e observou-se que com FAD esta dosagem removeu 81,12 % de turbidez, e após pré-ozonização por 5 minutos seguida de FAD a eficiência de remoção de turbidez chegou a 91,78 % e remoção de cor aparente aumentou 6,25 %. A utilização da pré-ozonização permitiu utilização de velocidades de flotação da ordem de 24 cm min-1 sem prejuízo da eficiência de remoção de cor, turbidez e densidade óptica. Observou-se que a pré-ozonização demonstra efeitos positivos no sistema de tratamento, mas constatou-se uma dosagem ótima de ozônio, e que a partir desta dosagem a eficiência do tratamento pode ser prejudicada. Foi constatado que uma possível explicação para esse fato seja a liberação de matéria orgânica algal após pré-ozonização, em dosagens acima do valor ótimo de dosagem de ozônio.
Microalgal species as Chlorella sorokiniana have been investigated for a variety of applications such as biofuels, nutrition and nutrient recovery. However, the solid-liquid separation microalgae of the liquid medium remains a challenge both technical as economical. This work aims to propose and investigate the use of preozonation and dissolved air flotation for solid liquid separation of Chlorella sorokiniana cultivated in standard M8a medium in a flat panel photobioreator, using cationic polyacrylamide based polymer as coagulant. Initially, treatment system including dissolved air flotation was evaluated, which was optimezed at laboratory scale targeting removal efficiency of microalgae and system flexibility. Using cationic polymer dosage of 10 mg L-1, were obtained apparent color, turbidity and optical density removals nearly to 95% in pH 7. Further, the step of slow mixing was removed from the system, the recycle ratio was decreased from 10 to 4% and after these changes, was obtained microalgae removal over 90% at polymer dosage of 10 mg L-1. To analyse the effect of preozonation, cationic polymer dosage was decreased to 7 mg L-1, and was observed 81.12 % turbidity removal with this polymer dosage at FAD, and after 5 minutes preozonation followed by FAD, turbidity removal efficiency reached 91.8 % and apparent color removal increased 6.25 %. The utilization of preozonation allowed use of flotation velocities in the order of 24 cm min-1 without damaging variables removal efficiency. It was observed tha preozonation shows positive effects in treatment system, but was found an optimum ozone dosage from which the treatment efficiency is hampered. It was observed that a possible explanation to this fact is the release of algogenic organic matter after preozonation in dosages over the optimum value of ozone dosage.

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Wessman, Josefin. "FMT – ur ett utvecklingsperspektiv." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för konstnärliga studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-28232.

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Med följande examensarbete vill jag försöka beskriva FMT-metoden, dess uppkomst och hur den fungerar i praktiken. Jag har valt att se på metoden utifrån ett utvecklings-psykologiskt perspektiv. Därför har jag valt att beskriva utvecklingsbegreppet, lite av dess historia och den utvecklingssyn som råder idag. FMT-metoden ställs i det här arbetet inför dagens utvecklingssyn. För att belysa hur FMT-metoden ter sig i praktiken finns även fallbeskrivningar av arbetet med två personer. Även det arbetet har jag försökt se och beskriva ur ett utvecklings-perspektiv. Min slutsats är att FMT-metoden kan möta upp med dagens utvecklingssyn. Det här sker dock inte per automatik utan ligger på varje terapeuts ansvar. Därför bör terapeuten vara medveten om och ständigt utvärdera sin egen människo- och utvecklingssyn, samt sitt eget förhållningssätt till dessa frågor.

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Sagor, Md Hasanuzzaman. "Differentially fed active antennas." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2014. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/13826/.

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The original contribution to knowledge made by this research work is demonstrating the benefits of differentially fed balanced transmit antenna in modern communication system. Extensive experimental studies have established the fact that a true differential amplifier feeding a balanced antenna offers higher linearity and lower distortions compared to the single ended feeding technique, even while using the same amplifier. With continuing advancements in personal communications in this era of digital economy, the demand for wireless connectivity has grown radically, resulting in stringent performance requirement for RF components. Differential circuits are preferred choice in RFIC design due to its good noise immunity and low distortion characteristics. But it is observed that single ended PAs and LNAs are used for the feeding part because of the antenna industry’s tendency to stick to conventional 50Ω interface. Therefore, differentially fed transmit balanced antenna is an area of current research, which has been studied in this thesis. The study was set out with a review of the state-of-the-art in active integrated antennas. Following that, the ground plane influence on antenna radiation pattern was explored and novel techniques to compensate the effects were presented. It was observed that the current flow in a coaxial cable also affects radiation pattern. Hence, a novel method was proposed to measure wireless devices in the anechoic chamber eradicating the need of any cable attachments. Broadband differential amplifiers were then reviewed with a view to feed balanced and unbalanced antennas for demonstrating the potential of differential feeding technique over the conventional one. The amplifier with differential output interface exhibited higher gain and linearity in both bench test and radiated power test. Further improvement in linearity was reported by lowering the output resistance of the amplifier. Afterwards, a broadband antenna with stable radiation pattern and impedance was designed to carry out radiated harmonic measurements, which illustrated that the fully differential output configuration possesses significantly lower harmonic distortion. All these measurement results have suggested that balanced antenna fed by differential amplifier can be the best solution for applications demanding higher output power, greater linearity and lower distortion. Therefore it is recommended to re-evaluate the idea of power amplifier and antenna interface in RF front-end designs.

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Rafaja, Hynek. "Monitorování procesu FDM tisku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399310.

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The target of this work is the development of a monitoring system for 3D printing by the Fused Deposition Modeling method, which will be able to identify printing error conditions. During the solving process the needed error conditions were identified. Then, an algorithm was programmed to identify the error condition using the criterion. The resulting Monitoring Hardware was implemented in the printer and experimentally verified. A system has been developed that can identify error conditions with an accuracy of 94.7%. The main benefit of this work is the automatic identification of error conditions that stop printing if necessary. This leads to a reduction in scrap and cost savings. In the future, the software could automatically adjust the print parameters when identifying an error condition. This would prevent or completely eliminate the error condition without user intervention.

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Tähkänen, T. (Tatu). "Viipalointiohjelmien vertailu FDM-tulostuksessa." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201911223144.

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Tiivistelmä. Tämän kandidaatintyön tarkoituksena on luoda katsaus 3D-tulostuksessa käytettäviin prosesseihin sekä vertailla FDM-tulostuksessa käytettäviä viipalointiohjelmia keskenään. Kolmea suosittua yksityiskäyttöön soveltuvaa viipalointiohjelmaa vertailtiin niiden alkuperäisasetuksilla. Vertailu tehtiin ominaisuuksien, nopeuden ja tulostettujen testikappaleiden perusteella. Vertailussa havaittiin selkeitä eroja etenkin ohjelman ja tulostuksen nopeudessa mutta myös testikappaleiden laadussa. Ominaisuuksien vertailun ja testikappaleiden perusteella yksityiskäyttäjä saa paremman käsityksen viipalointiohjelman ominaisuuksista ja osaa siten valita tarpeisiinsa sopivimman ohjelman.Comparison of slicing software on FDM printing. Abstract. The aim of this Bachelor’s thesis is to provide an overview of 3D printing processes and to compare slicing software used in FDM printing. Three popular slicing software suitable to private users were compared with their original settings. The comparison focused on the software’s features, speed, and printed test models. Notable differences between the software and printing speed, as well as the quality of test prints, were found. Based on the comparison of features and the test prints, a private user gains a better understanding of the slicing software features and may choose the software most suitable for his/her needs.

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Licata, Nausicaa Valentina. "Identification of new pathways modulating C9orf72-derived DPRs expression." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/276572.

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The hexanucleotide repeat expansion GGGGCCn (also known as G4C2n) localizes in the first intron of the C9ORF72 gene and is the most common genetic cause of ALS and FTD (C9ALS/FTD). The pathomechanisms proposed for C9ALS/FTD suggest that from sense (G4C2)n- and anti-sense (C4G2)n-containing transcripts originate two different mechanisms of toxicity: i) by the alteration of RNA processing due to binding and sequestration of RNA-binding proteins, thereby leading to impairment of RNA metabolism; and ii) by their unconventional Repeat-associated non AUG (RAN) translation into five different dipeptide-repeats (DPRs). In addition, pathological expansion of (G4C2)n reduces the C9orf72 transcription causing loss of function of the C9ORF72 protein. The toxicity of some of these DPRs has been showed in several cell lines, in iPSC-derived neurons, in Drosophila and in mouse models. An impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) due to aggregation of toxic proteins is largely demonstrated in neurodegenerative disorders and among the mechanisms of DPR-related toxicity. RAN translation of (G4C2)n-RNAs has been recently shown to require a near-cognate start codon upstream of the repeat in frame +1 and to be triggered by stress conditions in a cap-dependent or cap-independent way. However, the mechanism regulating RAN translation is still largely unknown. Importantly, no small molecules are known to selectively modulate RAN translation, even if antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small molecules binding the r(GGGGCC)n have been proposed as therapeutics for C9ALS/FTD. In addition, no effective pharmacological approach to reduce the pathological load of DPRs is currently available. Here, I developed a high-throughput drug-screening assay to identify small molecules and relative molecular targets that can modulate the DPR level. Among the identified hits, two hits reduced DPRs expression levels triggering the protein clearance system in vitro. Moreover, the screening identified compounds having the same target that increased DPRs expression levels indicating the targeted pathway as a crucial modulator of the translation process of the C9orf72 repeat-containing mRNAs. Conversely, I showed that pharmacological inhibition of the pathway reduced DPRs expression levels in vitro, while in vivo it rescued climbing ability and increased life span of Drosophila flies carrying G4C2X36 repeats. Moreover, genetic ablation of the target reduced DPRs expression levels by decreasing their translation efficiency in vitro and rescued the pathological phenotype in vivo. Together, the results show the identification of new pathways as new drug targets for C9ALS/FTD.

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44

Reis, Felipe Bezerra dos. "Estratégia de modelagem para controle de FMS combinando redes de Petri e um sistema Fuzzy." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/584.

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Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) are automated production systems capable of producing a wide variety of product types. They are composed by machines, robots and automated transport systems. Make the control of an FMS is a complex task due to the various subsystems and elements that compose it, and also by the necessity of respond to strategic issues that vary according to market demands. Much has been made in relation to the control of FMS. Several studies in the literature cover issues of control of FMS. Despite the high number of papers that address these issues, technological advances and market demands cause introduction of new challenges and new studies are conducted. This work based itself on other studies about the control of FMS to evolve into some issues of modeling and control of FMS. The purpose of this paper is to indicate a modeling strategy, based on Petri nets, that is easy to understand, requiring low efforts to adapt to different production plans, and allowing that the control of the FMS model takes into account information of the current state of the system in decision making for conflict resolution. The work ends with the application of the modeling method proposed in a hypothetical FMS. It was built a control system to make the reading of variables from the model of the FMS and decide how conflicts should be resolved on the Petri net model. To support the decision making of the control system, it was built a Fuzzy system. Simulations were conducted for a variety of production plans in which the control system achieved real-time responses to conflict resolution, preventing the system of reach deadlock conditions.
Os sistemas flexíveis de manufatura (FMS) são sistemas de produção automatizados capazes de produzir uma grande variedade de tipos de produto. Eles são compostos por máquinas, robôs e sistemas de transporte automático. Realizar o controle de um FMS é uma tarefa complexa devido aos vários subsistemas e elementos que o compõe, e também pela necessidade de responder a questões estratégicas que variam de acordo com as demandas do mercado. Muito tem sido feito em relação ao controle de FMSs. Vários trabalhos na literatura abrangem as questões de controle de FMSs. Apesar do alto número de trabalhos que abordam estas questões, os avanços tecnológicos e as exigências de mercado fazem com que novos desafios sejam lançados e novos estudos sejam realizados. Este trabalho se baseia em outros trabalhos sobre o controle de FMS para evoluir em algumas questões de modelagem e controle de FMSs. A proposta deste trabalho é indicar uma estratégia de modelagem baseada em redes de Petri que seja de fácil compreensão, que exija baixos esforços de adaptação para planos de produção diferentes, e que permita que o controle do modelo de FMS leve em consideração informações do estado corrente do sistema, nas tomadas de decisão para a resolução de conflitos. O trabalho é finalizado com a aplicação do método de modelagem proposto em um FMS hipotético. Foi construído um sistema de controle para fazer a leitura de variáveis do modelo de FMS e decidir como os conflitos do modelo em redes de Petri devem ser resolvidos. Para apoiar as tomadas de decisão do sistema de controle foi construído um sistema Fuzzy. Foram realizadas simulações para uma variedade de planos de produção nos quais o sistema de controle obteve respostas em tempo real para a resolução dos conflitos impedindo que o sistema atingisse condições de deadlock.

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45

Arndt, Michael. "Eine schnelle Glucoseanalytik zur Regelung biotechnischer Prozesse." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971240787.

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46

Tomio, Goto Bruno. "Taxonomia de Glomeromycota: revisão morfológica, chaves dicotômicas e descrição de novos táxons." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/392.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A taxonomia dos fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) vem sofrendo grandes alterações durante os últimos 20 anos e isso é facilmente evidenciado pelas mudanças na classificação desses fungos que deixaram de ser meros representantes da família Endogonaceae, passando para Ordem Glomales, ainda dentro dos Zygomycetes, e finalmente culminando no filo Glomeromycota onde foram definitivamente segregados dos Zygomycota. Todas essas alterações na classificação estão relacionadas às mudanças na interpretação agregada aos caracteres relacionados exclusivamente aos glomerosporos onde toda a taxonomia morfológica está embasada e também aos dados moleculares. Essas mudanças têm sido incorporadas à taxonomia do grupo, com as descrições de novas famílias, gêneros e espécies que incluíram evidências morfológicas adicionais já dentro do novo filo. Apesar dessas alterações recentes, nenhuma análise morfológica detalhada foi realizada desde a proposta do filo Glomeromycota, o que torna a taxonomia do grupo mais frágil considerando que a maior parte das propostas de novas famílias e gêneros estão baseadas quase que exclusivamente em dados moleculares. Por essa razão, o objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar os caracteres morfológicos com base em evidências disponíveis na literatura assim como nas espécies herborizadas, mantidas em coleções de germosplasma e principalmente em esporos de campo onde a maior parte das espécies tem sido descritas com intuito de fornecer análises detalhadas desses caracteres usados para a identificação, incorporar à taxonomia do grupo novas abordagens morfológicas e elaborar chaves para facilitar a identificação de gêneros e espécies de Glomeromycota. Para isso, todas as descrições de espécies foram analisadas desde a descrição de Glomus macrocarpum e Gl. microcarpum em 1844. Além disso, glomerosporos provenientes de coleções de cultura viva (EMBRAPA, UFPE, UFRRJ) e herborizadas (FL Herbarium, FH, Universidad de Havanna, Universidad de Buenos Aires e material da coleção pessoal do prof. Fritz Oehl) foram avaliadas. A principal fonte de dados foram os glomerosporos provenientes de amostras de campo de diversos ecossistemas brasileiros e alguns da América Latina. Glomerosporos provenientes de amostras de campo foram extraídos do solo por peneiramento úmido seguido de centrifugação em água e sacarose a 40%. Após a extração os glomerosporos foram separados por cor e tamanho e montados entre lamina e lamínula com PVLG e PVLG + Reagente de Melzer (1:1 v/v) para posterior análise em microscópio composto. Culturas armadilhas com solo nativo e Sorghum bicolor (L.) foram mantidas por três meses em média para captura das espécies de FMA. No total foram avaliadas 106 espécies de FMA pertencentes a todos os gêneros exceto Otospora, incluindo cinco novas espécies para a ciência, abrangendo todos os modos de desenvolvimento encontrado no filo Glomeromycota. Os caracteres morfológicos avaliados foram: cor, forma, tamanho dos esporocarpos, perídio e plexo central (cor, tamanho e forma); cor, tamanho, forma e modo de desenvolvimento dos glomerosporos; espessura, tipo e estrutura da parede, reação ao Melzer ou a resina (PVLG) e as estruturas especializadas de germinação (orbs e placas germinativas). Conclui-se que o único caráter morfológico compartilhado entre todos os representantes do filo Glomeromycota é a estrutura da parede, sendo assim os caracteres morfológicos considerados primários (mais úteis para a identificação das espécies de FMA) são: estrutura da parede, tipo de camada e ornamentação enquanto cor, forma, tamanho e reação ao Melzer ou resina são considerados secundários para a identificação de espécies

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47

Christiansen, Margot. "Musikens möjligheter : FMT i skolan." Thesis, Karlstad University, Karlstad University, Karlstad University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4790.

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Detta examensarbete är en beskrivning av hur man inom skolan kan använda sig av Funktionsinriktad musikterapi (FMT), både i elevhälsosyfte och personalvård. Jag berättar om arbetet med en elev med diagnosen språkstörning/dyslexi och en lärare med diagnosen utmattningsdepression. Mitt arbete visar att FMT med sin tydliga struktur kan hjälpa både elever och lärare att få tillgång till de egna förmågorna. Genom en balans mellan trygghet och utmaningar stimulerar FMT-metoden till utveckling hos personen, oavsett ålder.

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48

Frödin, Göran. "Jag kan! : Grundskolan behöver FMT." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Musikhögskolan Ingesund, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7851.

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I detta examensarbete har jag studerat hur omgivningen, det vill säga lärare och föräldrar, upplever att fem skolbarn i grundskolans lågstadium har utvecklats under ett år med FMT. För att kunna göra det har jag skriftligen frågat några av barnens lärare samt barnens föräldrar/vårdnadshavare hur de ser på barnens utveckling. Jag har ställt den öppna frågan, hur har x utvecklats, i dina ögon, under året med FMT? och jag har bett respondenterna att tolka begreppet utveckling som de själva vill. Alla respondenter har blivit erbjudna att få se ett videosammandrag av barnens utveckling i FMT under året. De svar jag fått in pekar entydigt, om än i skiftande ordalag, mot att FMT har bidragit till barnens utveckling och stärkt deras självkänsla. Min slutsats är att FMT har en plats i grundskolans lågstadium. Med FMT som resurs skulle skolan kunna fånga upp, och stödja många av de barn som inte riktigt passar in i normen för hur ett nyblivet skolbarn ska fungera. Då skulle fler kunna följa och ta till sig skolans undervisning, fler skulle lyckas med att närma sig sin potential och därigenom nå skolans mål.

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49

Roco, Ramírez Ángelo. "FMB : Fábrica de música Brasil." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111607.

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Memoria (arquitecto)
No autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completo
Si bien en Chile existe un gran número de conciertos masivos que ha ido en aumento en los últimos años, éstos se limitan principalmente a la oferta internacional. La música chilena, está en un segundo plano, y la música independiente se encuentra aún más relegada, no tiene grandes opciones y es desconocida para muchos. Los espacios para presentaciones en vivo en Chile no han sido plenamente diseñados para ello. (*) Existe una gran carencia numérica de espacios de presentación, siendo para gran parte de las bandas difícil encontrar lugares para presentaciones en vivo. Frente a los diversos problemas existentes, podemos afirmar que éstos apuntan principalmente a la valoración de la música de forma transversal en la sociedad, atribuyéndolo en gran parte a la escasa presencia de actividades musicales insertas en forma cotidiana y permanente en el diario vivir. Por esta razón es que organismos especializados como el Consejo de la Cultura y las Artes, han reconocido que en el área de la difusión y los espectáculos en vivo existen las mayores falencias. Por esto, han propuesto centrar los esfuerzos en completar la creación musical hasta el punto final, la DIFUSIÓN y no sólo incentivar el aprendizaje y ensayo como se ha hecho hasta ahora. Para cambiar la situación actual, se propone insertar puntos de acción local en la ciudad. Esta misma idea es respaldada por la Ley de Fomento a la Música Nacional, en la que ahondaremos más adelante. De esta manera, se crean focos especializados y dedicados a la difusión, que completan la cadena productiva fonográfica. Es por ello que el proyecto busca: - Fomentar la difusión de la música local, para de esta forma completar la cadena de producción y elaboración de los productos fonográficos. - Propiciar instancias públicas y comunitarias en torno a la música.

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趙家輝 and Ka-fai Chiu. "Structured development of cellular FMS." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31238324.

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