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Relevant bibliographies by topics / FMD

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Academic literature on the topic 'FMD'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "FMD"

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Doel, T. R. "FMD vaccines." Virus Research 91, no. 1 (January 2003): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1702(02)00261-7.

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Acosta Gallegos, Jorge Alberto, Bertha M. Sánchez-García, Yanet Jiménez-Hernández, Víctor Montero-Tavera, Francisco Manuel Mendoza Hernández, Guadalupe Herrera Hernández, and Laura Silva Rosales. "FLOR DE MAYO DOLORES: NUEVA VARIEDAD DE FRIJOL PARA RIEGO Y TEMPORAL EN GUANAJUATO." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 2, no. 6 (September 26, 2018): 993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v2i6.1601.

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El frijol de tipo Flor de Mayo es de alta demanda en la región del Altiplano Centro-Occidental de México. Se describe la nueva variedad de frijol Flor de Mayo Dolores (FMD); ésta se derivó de la cruza simple entre Flor de Mayo Anita (FMA) y FM 99016. En promedio de 14 ensayos conducidos de 2008 a 2010 bajo condiciones de riego y temporal en Guanajuato, el rendimiento de FMD y FMA resultó similar (2 167 vs 2 118 kg ha-1). El peso de 100 semillas promedio de diferentes localidades de FMD es ligeramente superior al de FMA en ambas condiciones, riego y temporal, y su forma de semilla es ovalada; mientras que el de FMA es alargado-aplanada. El tiempo promedio de cocción de FMD en cocedor tipo Mattson es de 95 min; mientras que FMA es de 110 min; el contenido promedio de proteína del grano de ambas variedades es 20%, con base a peso seco; mientras que el contenido

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Dyson, Edward W., Aswin Chari, Ahmed K. Toma, Lewis W. Thorne, and Laurence D. Watkins. "Failed Foramen Magnum Decompression in Chiari I Malformation Is Associated With Failure to Restore Normal Intracranial Compliance: An Observational Cohort Study." Neurosurgery 86, no. 6 (April 13, 2020): E552—E557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyaa079.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The standard treatment for symptomatic Chiari malformation (CM) I is foramen magnum decompression (FMD) to facilitate cerebral spinal fluid flow through the foramen magnum, improve intracranial compliance, and alleviate symptoms (commonly headache). This procedure has a variable success rate, with a significant proportion of patients having persistent symptoms after surgery. OBJECTIVE To investigate intracranial pressure (ICP) hydrodynamics in symptomatic surgery-naïve patients with CM I and symptomatic patients who have had prior FMD. METHODS We undertook a retrospective, observational cohort study, extracting data from our departmental ICP database. Patients with untreated (“Virgin”) Chiari malformations (VCM), patients with previous “failed” FMD (ie, with persistent classical Chiari symptoms) (fFMD) and a normal control group, all with existing continuous ICP monitoring date were included. Median ICP (mICP) and median pulse amplitude (mPA) were compared between the groups. RESULTS A total of 33 CM patients (22 VCM and 11 fFMD) and 42 normal controls were included for analysis. mICP did not differ significantly between the normal control, VCM, and fFMD groups. mPA in the VCM and fFMD groups was significantly higher than the control group (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively). CONCLUSION In this cohort, patients with persistent symptoms after FMD have persistently impaired intracranial compliance, similar to patients who have not undergone surgery at all when compared with a control group. The reasons for this are not clear, and further research is required to establish the causation and optimum management for failed FMD.

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Koppinen, Jouko. "UK FMD Diary." Australian Veterinary Journal 79, no. 6 (June 2001): 382–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2001.tb12974.x.

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Wingfield, A., H. Miller, and N. Honhold. "FMD control strategies." Veterinary Record 159, no. 6 (August 5, 2006): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.159.6.187-b.

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Davies, G. "FMD control measures." Veterinary Record 160, no. 3 (January 20, 2007): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.160.3.99.

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Donaldson, A. "FMD control measures." Veterinary Record 160, no. 4 (January 27, 2007): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.160.4.135-a.

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Jones, T. O. "FMD control measures." Veterinary Record 160, no. 4 (January 27, 2007): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.160.4.135-b.

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Wingfield, A., H. Miller, and N. Honhold. "FMD control strategies." Veterinary Record 158, no. 20 (May 20, 2006): 706–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.158.20.706-a.

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Keeling, M., M. Tildesley, N. Savill, M. Woolhouse, D. Shaw, R. Deardon, S. Brooks, and B. Grenfell. "FMD control strategies." Veterinary Record 158, no. 20 (May 20, 2006): 707–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.158.20.707.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "FMD"

1

Ramasamy, Parthiban Aravindh Babu. "Development of vector based FMD vaccines for increasing immune response against FMDV." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559070.

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Ketusing, Naree. "Assessment of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) Control Policies and Their Implementation in the Proposed FMD-Free Zone in Thailand." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97581.

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A proposed Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) free zone, in the eastern region of Thailand, was evaluated by FMD experts with the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) during 2012-2013. The zone, however, did not qualify for an FMD-free zone with vaccination because it did not comply with the requirements in the OIE Terrestrial Code. Then, the Department of Livestock Development (DLD) within the government of Thailand revised laws and regulations related to the FMD control program in order to be in compliance with the OIE's requirements. The revised FMD control program has been implemented since 2015. These revisions and implementations, however, have not been evaluated. The main objectives of this study were to determine whether the revised regulations (since 2015) currently being implemented are fully in compliance with the OIE's requirements, and to verify whether the implementation of the current FMD control program is sufficient to control FMD effectively. First, this study developed an evaluation framework and assessment tools for use in the evaluation of the FMD control policies and their implementation in the eastern region of Thailand. The assessment tools include assessment matrices, three sets of questionnaires, and interview questions. When applied, the assessment matrices identify shortcomings of policy design, policy implementation, veterinary capacity, and stakeholder engagement. Questionnaires and interview questions collect information that examines the consistency of elements of the FMD control program against criteria in the assessment matrix. Then, the design of current FMD control policies was assessed by interviews of DLD officers at national level who formulate policies related to FMD control program and by reviews of DLD existing written policies and documents. This study found that the design of current FMD control system is appropriate and meets the OIE's requirements. Next, the implementation of the current FMD control program in the eastern region of Thailand was assessed. The assessment was conducted by (i) questionnaire surveys with DLD officers at local level, private veterinarians, and farmers, (ii) interviews with DLD officers at national and regional level and private veterinarians, and (iii) field observations. The assessment found that the current implementation of the FMD control program in the eastern region of Thailand needs further improvement in order to meet the OIE's requirements. This study also proposes recommendations to the DLD in improving the FMD control system in the eastern region of Thailand including surveillance system, reporting system, vaccine strategy, animal movement control system, and response plans. For example, there should be an increase of stakeholders' awareness of disease reporting requirements. Evidence of adequate vaccination coverage and population immunity should be available and accessible. Allocation of staff at local level should be reconsidered for more appropriate service deliveries. Communications between DLD and stakeholders regarding the FMD control program need to be strengthened for more effective message delivery. Lastly, this study strongly recommends that there should be strong commitments and supported by the higher level of the Thai's government.
Doctor of Philosophy
Foot and Mouth Disease is a highly contagious and the most economically important infectious viral disease of livestock. The disease exists in Thailand and interrupts livestock trade through the loss of access to international markets. The Department of Livestock Development (DLD) within the government of Thailand has proposed to make the eastern region of Thailand an officially recognized FMD-free zone with vaccination in order to advance market access and trade facilitation. In order to be an official FMD-free zone, the proposed FMD-free zone (eastern region of Thailand) needs to be evaluated by experts within the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and must meet all requirements of the OIE standard for this certification. Since 2015, there has not been an evaluation to determine the effectiveness and appropriateness of the current FMD control program in the eastern region of Thailand. This study aims to evaluate the design and implementation of the current FMD control program in the eastern region of Thailand. This study, first, developed an evaluation framework and assessment tools for use in the evaluation of the FMD control policies and their implementation in the eastern region of Thailand. Then, the design of the current FMD control policies and their implementation were evaluated. The assessment found that the design of the current FMD control system is appropriate and meets the OIE's requirements. However, the current implementation of the FMD control program needs further improvement. This study also proposes recommendations to the DLD in order to enhance and improve the FMD control system in the eastern region of Thailand to be recognized as an FMD-free zone by the OIE.

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Mahdi, Ali Jafar. "Foot and mouth disease in Iraq: strategy and control." Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4620.

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Master of Science
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
Gary A. Anderson
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious viral disease of cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, buffalo, and artiodactyl wildlife species. Foot-and-mouth disease virus is endemic and periodic devastating epidemics have occurred and caused heavy economic losses in Iraq for a long time. The first official cases of FMD were recorded in 1937, while the first record of a specific FMD serotype in Iraq was serotype A in 1952. Other serotypes have been reported since then; serotypes O, SAT-1 and Asia1 were recorded in 1957, 1962, and 1975, respectively. Veterinary Services in Iraq has been severely weakened over the past two decades, and its infrastructure has been devastated as a consequence of previous political conflicts, wars and international sanctions. The breakdown of Veterinary Services led to the disruption of disease control strategies, collapse of disease surveillance and monitoring, and weakening of response systems. The destruction of the Al-Dora FMD laboratories for diagnosis and vaccine production by the United Nation in 1996, and the restrictions placed on the importation of vaccines have strongly affected the FMD control program. A severe epidemic of FMD occurred in Iraq in 1998, affecting 2.5 million ruminants and causing heavy losses in newly born animals. It is estimated to have killed about 550,000 animals. The outbreak was due to the serotype O1 Middle East strain which has affected large and small ruminants. In 2009, Iraq was severely affected by new serotype A (subtype A Iran 05). The major efforts of Veterinary Services in Iraq have been directed towards control of FMD by vaccination strategies. Two types of vaccine have been used, trivalent vaccine (O, A 22, and Asia 1) for cattle and buffalo and monovalent vaccine (O Manisa) for sheep and goats. Vaccination has been implemented once yearly on a voluntary basis. Sometimes other limited control measures have accompanied vaccination, which include quarantine, movement control, focused vaccination, disinfection, and public awareness programs. The FMD control program in Iraq has been confronted by many challenges: deficits in FMD surveillance and emergency preparedness, limited diagnostic capabilities, difficulties in restricting animal movement, and lack and irregular supply of appropriate vaccines.

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Careaga, Silvana. "BEEF EXPORT PRICE RESPONSE TO SANITARY STATUS AND TRACEABILITY SYSTEMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR PARAGUAY." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1281.

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Global beef markets are highly influenced by sanitary issues, mainly related to animal health and food safety, which have been determining levels and trends in global beef trade. Food safety issues affecting human health such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) associated with Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (vCJD) in humans, and other diseases affecting production such as foot and mouth disease (FMD) has encouraged putting these issues to beef trade attention. A way to address these concerns and comply with international standards is the use of traceability systems in order to quickly identify hazard sources and assure beef quality and safety. The goal of this research was to assess the effect of exporting countries sanitary status of BSE and FMD, and traceability systems in beef export prices and to examine Paraguayan beef exports relative to other exporting countries. Data of the top beef exporters was collected from the United Nations Commodity Trade Database (UN Comtrade), including export operations volume and receipt with each of their trading partners, from 2000 to 2012. Four commodities were studied: Frozen and Fresh/Chilled bone-in and boneless beef cuts. The data was analyzed using ordinary least squares regression methods (a hedonic price equation). Five models were run, one for each commodity and lastly one with all four together. Results revealed that both FMD and BSE affect negatively to beef exports prices, as well as shipments from India, that has no official FMD status and any traceability system in place. Apart from sanitary status, epidemiological events also have a negative impact on beef prices. On the other hand, the implementation of traceability systems improves prices. In this scenario, Paraguay lags behind in the adoption of emerging markets standards for traceability systems, therefore does not access most competitive markets, which pay higher prices. As such, Paraguay faces challenges to maintain and expand beef exports, especially in regards to keeping the country’s FMD free status.

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Highfield, Linda. "The potential role of wildlife in the spread and control of foot and mouth disease in an extensive livestock management system." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2883.

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Ajewole, Kayode Martins. "Evaluating distributions of economic impacts of FMD emergency strategies in the United States." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16928.

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Master of Science
Department of Agricultural Economics
Ted C. Schroeder
The livestock industry is susceptible to several diseases, of which Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is one. FMD is neither a fatal nor zoonotic animal disease, but most animals less than one year of age are killed in about 80% of cases. FMD also causes reductions in yield and milk production. FMD is recognized as an economic disease because any outbreak will lead to a drastic reduction in the export market. This study is centered on livestock production in mid-western United States. The study incorporated the result from an epidemiology model into an equilibrium displacement model; this is used to determine the economic impact of the FMD outbreak on both consumers and producers. Three vaccination-to-die scenarios were simulated. Each scenario had 200 disease spread simulation runs. The economic impact results were presented with normal distribution curves in order to see how the economic impacts were distributed across the 200 runs in each scenario. Scenario 14 with 50 and 80 herds vaccination capacity at 22 and 40 days respectively, coupled with 50 km vaccination zone has the lowest negative impact on both consumer and producers. The diseases lasted for shorter period of time in scenario 14 than scenarios 2 and 12. Scenario 14 also has least number of animals killed. It can be concluded from the equilibrium displacement outcomes that the best mitigation strategy for the control of FMD is to have a large vaccination zone area, and increment in the vaccination capacity will also curb the disease on time.

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SABBATINELLI, JACOPO. "Impatto della supplementazione con Ubiquinolo sulla funzione endoteliale in soggetti a rischio di sviluppare patologie cardiovascolari: studio clinico spontaneo, in doppio cieco, randomizzato, controllato con placebo, a gruppi paralleli." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/252542.

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La maggior parte dei fattori di rischio cardiovascolari si traduce in un'aumentata produzione di specie reattive dell'ossigeno (ROS), che a loro volta causano disfunzione endoteliale riducendo la biodisponibilità del mediatore vasodilatante ossido nitrico (NO). È noto che la supplementazione con Coenzima Q10 (CoQ10) migliora la performance cardiaca nello scompenso congestizio e nella cardiopatia ischemica, ed inoltre diminuisce significativamente la pressione arteriosa. Un trial clinico in doppio-cieco, randomizzato, a gruppi paralleli, è stato condotto su 51 soggetti con rischio cardiovascolare moderato e disfunzione endoteliale per comprendere gli effetti della supplementazione con ubichinolo sulla funzione endoteliale, misurata attraverso la determinazione ecografica non invasiva della flow-mediated dilation (FMD). I soggetti sono stati randomizzati in due gruppi di trattamento (ubichinolo, 100 mg o 200 mg/die) e un gruppo placebo. Durante ciascuna visita (T0, 4 e 8 settimane), sono stati misurati pressione arteriosa e FMD, parametri sieroematici (compreso il profilo lipidico), livelli plasmatici di CoQ10 ossidato/ridotto, NO e perossinitrito. La somministrazione di ubichinolo ha aumentato fortemente i livelli plasmatici di CoQ10 totale e ridotto. I soggetti assegnati ad entrambi i gruppi di trattamento hanno mostrato un incremento nella FMD, senza differenze significative tra i due dosaggi. Tuttavia, in seguito all'analisi di biodisponibilità plasmatica di CoQ10, è stata dimostrata una relazione positiva tra l'incremento di FMD e il miglioramento dello stato ossidativo del CoQ10. Nessuna variazione significativa del profilo lipidico è stata riscontrata nei soggetti trattati. Un aumento dose-dipendente dei livelli plasmatici di NO è stato osservato nei soggetti trattati dopo 8 settimane. Esiste una correlazione positiva tra FMD e livelli di NO e, dunque, tra questi ultimi e la funzione endoteliale. La FMD e lo stato ossidativo plasmatico migliorano significativamente dopo somministrazione di ubichinolo. La biodisponibilità dell'ubichinolo si correla positivamente ai miglioramenti della FMD. Inoltre, l'influenza positiva della supplementazione con CoQ10 è indipendente dal profilo lipidico plasmatico, suggerendo un possibile effetto diretto dell'ubichinolo sulle cellule endoteliali.
Most of the major cardiovascular risk factors are characterized by an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to endothelial dysfunction through breakdown of the vasodilating compound nitric oxide (NO). Supplementation with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) positively affects heart performance in congestive heart failure and ischemic heart disease, along with a significant blood pressure lowering effect. To understand the effects of ubiquinol supplementation on endothelial function, measured through non-invasive ultrasonographic assessment of flow-mediated dilation (FMD), a double-blind, randomized, parallel-groups clinical trial was carried out on 51 subjects with moderate cardiovascular risk and endothelial dysfunction. Subjects were randomized to receive ubiquinol, 100 or 200 mg daily, or placebo. During each visit (T0, 4-weeks, 8-weeks) blood pressure, FMD, hematologic parameters (including lipid profile), reduced/oxidized CoQ10 levels, NO and peroxynitrite plasma levels were evaluated. Ubiquinol administration strongly improved total and reduced CoQ10 plasma levels. Subjects assigned to both treatment groups showed an increased FMD compared with subjects in placebo group, with no significant difference between the two dosages. However, after CoQ10 plasma bioavailability analysis, a positive relationship between FMD increases and CoQ10 oxidative status improvements was demonstrated. No significant change in lipid profile was observed in treated subjects. A significant dose-dependent increase in NO plasma levels was observed in treated subjects after T2. NO plasma levels are positively related to FMD and, thus, to endothelial function. FMD and plasma oxidative status are significantly improved following administration of ubiquinol. Bioavailability of ubiquinol is positively correlated with FMD improvements. Positive influence of CoQ10 supplementation is independent from plasma lipid profile, suggesting a direct effect of ubiquinol on endothelial cells.

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Waters, Ryan Andrew. "Investigating novel aspects of FMDV pathogenesis in pregnant ovines, foetuses and neonatal lambs." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572483.

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Lazarus, David D. "Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination and control in cattle at the wildlife/livestock interface of the Mnisi communal area." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/69253.

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Foot-and-mouth Diseases (FMD) is an important livestock disease with economic implications on trade. In southern Africa, the epidemiology of FMD is complicated as a result of the role of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in the maintenance and transmission of the South African Territories (SAT) virus serotypes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the FMD vaccination of cattle at the wildlife/livestock interface. A structured questionnaire was administered to communal farmers through in-person interview using the local language (Shangaan) to evaluate their perceptions concerning the current FMD vaccination programme. Cross-sectional sampling by cluster at herd levels was used to estimate proportions of cattle with high titres to FMDV-structural proteins, which was assumed to indicate an immunological response to vaccine routinely administered bi-annually in the absence of recently recorded outbreaks. A prospective cohort study was employed to evaluate immune responses and the duration of antibody responses to an inactivated aqueous trivalent FMD vaccine (SAT 1, SAT 2 & SAT 3) with blood samples collected on fortnightly bases. One hundred and four farmers responded to the questionnaire with 73% (76/104) being cattle owners while the remainder being hired cattle handlers. The majority of the respondents (79%; 95%CI: 70%-86%) indicated high level of satisfaction with the current animal health programme. The education level of the farmers varied over levels of satisfaction with the median education level being standard 9 (IQR: 2-12) for non-satisfied respondents, standard 3 (IQR: 0-6) for the little satisfied and standard 7 (IQR: 2-11) for the very satisfied respondents (P=0.036). Non-satisfied respondents were more likely to treat sick animals themselves than seek veterinary assistance (P=0.002). The majority of respondents identified the African buffalo as a risk factor for FMD outbreak (92%, 95%CI: 85%-96%). Two hundred and eighty-six cattle were sampled within six months post-vaccination and relative to antibody titre of ≥1.6 Log10 (1:40 dilution), 20% (95%CI: 14%-26%) of cattle had serologically converted to SAT 1, 39% (95%CI: 32%-46%) to SAT 2 and 22% (95%CI: 17%-27%) to SAT 3. Overall, only 4%, 15% and 9% of cattle had antibody titre ≥2 log10 to SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3 respectively over a median period of 189 days since the most recent vaccination. Within the longitudinal study, few cattle had evidence of pre-existing antibody responses to SAT viruses at the beginning of the study. However, 14 days post-vaccination, the proportion of seropositive cattle (≥2 log10 titre) to the three SAT type viruses varied between 39% - 77% with SAT 2 having the highest proportions. Antibody responses peaked up to 98%, 98% and 65% at 42 days post-vaccination for SAT 2, SAT 3 and SAT 1 respectively until starting to decline at 56 days-post-vaccination.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
National Research Foundation, South Africa
Research Development Project
University of Pretoria
Production Animal Studies
MSc
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Faisal, Saman. "Mental Health Impact of Disasters." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/56.

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It is very important to study the mental health impact of disasters to provide adequate mental health services when there is an increased demand of mental health services and a concurrent deterioration of mental healthcare capacity after disasters. This study examined the mental health impact of 9/11 attacks among the individuals living close to the disaster area and compared them to the individuals living farther from the disaster area. New York (NY) state and Washington DC were selected as the disaster areas and Illinois (IL) was selected to study individuals living farther from the disaster area. The study also assessed the effects of mental health on risky behaviors such as cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption and how they vary based on age, gender and proximity to the disaster. Ten year Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from 1996-2005 was obtained for NY, DC and IL. Significant increase in mental distress was observed in NY and DC but not in IL. Increased use of alcohol was found among DC and NY residents but the increase in IL was not significant. Logistic regression showed that increase in alcohol consumption was not associated with mental health. An overall decrease in cigarette smoking was observed and there was no impact of disaster on smoking rates. Mental distress was much higher among the female respondents as compared to the male respondents. Mental distress was highest among 35- 49 year old respondents as compared to other age groups. In future longitudinal studies should be conducted in order to establish the causal relationship of mental health and risk behaviors such as smoking and alcohol consumption after disasters. Most of the interventions regarding post-disaster mental health focus on PTSD but other mental disorders should also be addressed.

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Books on the topic "FMD"

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Great, Britain Department for Environment Food &. Rural Affairs. FMD update. London: DEFRA, 2001.

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Grace, Fengquing Li. FMD online database. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 2001.

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Council, English Tourism. Submission to the 'Lessons Learned' FMD inquiry. England: English Tourism Council, 2002.

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Mepham, Ben. After FMD: Aiming for a values-driven agriculture. Southwell, Notts: Food Ethics Council, 2001.

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ECONOMICS, PION. Economic impact of FMD in the North West of England. England: Pion Economics, 2001.

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Evans, Myron W. Field applied molecular dynamics (FMD) computer simulation of circular dichroism and optical rota[to]ry dispersion: The discovery by FMD of bi-axial Rosenfeld birefringence. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell Theory Center, Cornell University, 1991.

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Milly. FMB. Willington, Conn: [Milly], 2018.

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Hutchinson, Shaun David. fml. New York: Simon Pulse, 2013.

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Conant-Park, Jessica. Fed Up. New York: Penguin USA, Inc., 2009.

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E, McGannon Robert, ed. Firefighter, F.D. 8th ed. New York, NY: Prentice Hall Press, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "FMD"

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Oller, Sergio. "FIBER-MATRIX DISPLACEMENT (FMD) - Debounding." In Numerical Simulation of Mechanical Behavior of Composite Materials, 85–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04933-5_4.

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Perry, Brian, Bernard Bett, Eric Fèvre, Delia Grace, and Thomas Fitz Randolph. "Veterinary epidemiology at ILRAD and ILRI, 1987-2018." In The impact of the International Livestock Research Institute, 208–38. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241853.0208.

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Abstract This chapter describes the activities of the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and its predecessor, the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases (ILRAD) from 1987 to 2018. Topics include scientific impacts; economic impact assessment; developmental impacts; capacity development; partnerships; impacts on human resources capacity in veterinary epidemiology; impacts on national animal health departments and services; impacts on animal health constraints in developing countries; impacts on ILRI's research and strategy; the introduction of veterinary epidemiology and economics at ILRAD; field studies in Kenya; tick-borne disease dynamics in eastern and southern Africa; heartwater studies in Zimbabwe; economic impact assessments of tick-borne diseases; tick and tick-borne disease distribution modelling; modelling the infection dynamics of vector-borne diseases; economic impact of trypanosomiasis; the epidemiology of resistance to trypanocides; the development of a modelling technique for evaluating control options; sustainable trypanosomiasis control in Uganda and in the Ghibe Valley of Ethiopia; spatial modelling of tsetse distributions; preventing and containing trypanocide resistance in the cotton zone of West Africa; rabies research; the economic impacts of rinderpest control; applying economic impact assessment tools to foot and mouth disease (FMD) control, the southern Africa FMD economic impact study; economic impacts of FMD in Peru, Colombia and India; economic impacts of FMD control in endemic settings in low- and middle-income countries; the global FMD research alliance (GFRA); Rift Valley fever; economic impact assessment of control options and calculation of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs); RVF risk maps for eastern Africa; land-use change and RVF infection and disease dynamics; epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites; priorities in animal health research for poverty reduction; the Wellcome Trust Epidemiology Initiatives; the broader economic impact contributions; the responses to highly pathogenic avian influenza; the International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics (ISVEE) experience, the role of epidemiology in ILRAD and ILRI and the impacts of ILRAD and ILRI's epidemiology; capacity development in veterinary epidemiology and impact assessment; impacts on national animal health departments and services; impacts on animal health constraints in developing countries and impacts on ILRI's research and strategy.

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Grace, Delia, Tadelle Dessie, Michel Dione, Henry Kiara, Anne Liljander, Jeff Mariner, Jan Naessens, et al. "Transboundary animal diseases." In The impact of the International Livestock Research Institute, 274–301. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241853.0274.

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Abstract Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are highly contagious epidemics with the potential for very rapid spread, causing serious economic and sometimes public health consequences while threatening farmers' livelihoods. TADs often cause high morbidity and mortality in susceptible animal populations. Some TADs are also emerging infectious diseases, food-borne diseases and/or zoonoses: these are covered in other chapters. This chapter covers those high-impact, highly contagious animal diseases, such as foot-andmouth disease (FMD), that do not infect humans but do affect food and nutrition security and trade that the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) has been working on since the 1990s. These are: African swine fever (ASF), mycoplasma disease (both contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP)), peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and Newcastle disease (ND). Other TADs, which were to a lesser degree the focus of ILRI research, are briefly mentioned (including FMD, classical swine fever (CSF) and rinderpest).

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Kumar, Jatin, Indra Deep Mastan, and Shanmuganathan Raman. "FMD-cGAN: Fast Motion Deblurring Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 362–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11349-9_32.

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Medina, Gisselle N., Teresa de los Santos, and Fayna Díaz-San Segundo. "Generation of Replication Deficient Human Adenovirus 5 (Ad5) Vectored FMD Vaccines." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 155–75. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2168-4_9.

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DiMarchi, R., G. Brooke, C. Gale, and T. Doel. "Structure-function relationship in protection against foot and mouth disease (FMD) by a synthetic peptide." In Peptides, 531–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9595-2_158.

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Yin, Hang, and Yi Pan. "Research on the Design of FMD Desktop 3D Printer Based on a User-Centered Perspective." In Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 187–93. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2481-9_22.

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Kondo, Tsukasa, Hideyuki Okano, Hiromi Ishiwatari, and Keiichi Watanuki. "Evaluation of the Hemodynamic Effects of AC Magnetic Field Exposure by Measurement of an FMD and a Microscope." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 68–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94373-2_8.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD), Flavin Mononucleotide (FMN)." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 893. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13766.

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Gacche, Rajesh N. "Do Fasting, CR and FMD Improve the Chemotherapy Response, Reduce Off-Target Toxicities and Enhance Antitumour Immunity? Illusion or Clinical Reality?" In Dietary Research and Cancer, 171–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6050-4_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "FMD"

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Benfield, Lee. "FMD." In the 2009 Video Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1668113.1668121.

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Mehta, Jason N., and Christopher G. Rylander. "Solid Fiber Inside Capillary and Modified Fusion-Spliced Fiber Optic Microneedle Devices." In 2020 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2020-9050.

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Abstract Clinical treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is generally ineffective in increasing patient survival. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is an alternative, investigative therapy in which a small caliber catheter is placed directly into the brain parenchyma. However, standard CED drug delivery techniques are unable to reach the entirety of the brain tumor, attributing to the failure of Phase III clinical trials. Fiber optic microneedle devices (FMDs), capable of simultaneous fluid and laser energy delivery, have shown potential to increase the drug dispersal volume when compared to fluid only devices. Previously described FMDs have had low laser transmission efficiency. In this work, we present two FMD manufacturing methods, a solid fiber inside capillary (SFIC) FMD and a modified fusion spliced (FS) FMD. Transmission efficiency of the two proposed FMDs were measured using a 1064 nm laser and an integrating sphere detector with air, deionized water, and black ink inside of the bore of the FMDs. The transmission efficiency of the FS FMD was between 45 and 127% larger than that of previously reported FS FMDs. Additionally, the transmission efficiency of the SFIC was significantly higher than the FS FMD (p ≤ 0.04 for all groups). However, the SFIC FMDs suffered catastrophic fracture failure at bend radii smaller than the manufacture specification, likely due to scribing of the capillary during the FMD fabrication process. Modifying FS FMDs appears to be the preferred fabrication method providing improved light transmission efficiency and mechanical strength on par with the capillary manufacturer’s specifications.

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J Oates, Briony. "Foot and Mouth Disease: Informing the Community?" In 2002 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2550.

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The 2001 foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in the UK had a significant impact on the economic and social wellbeing of rural communities. This paper examines the FMD pages of four local government websites in Northern England: Cumbria, Durham, Northumberland and North Yorkshire County Councils. Each county was badly affected by FMD. The contents of the FMD webpages are analysed and compared: which audiences were addressed, what information was provided or omitted, and how well the audiences’ needs were met. The study shows the breadth of audience types and information that could have been included, but no site covered all the necessary angles. Furthermore, the websites did little to address the psychological problems arising from FMD or to enhance participation and democracy in their local communities. By examining how the councils informed those affected, lessons can be learnt which are relevant to any future disruption to a community.

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"A NEWMARK FMD SUB-CYCING ALGORITHM." In 4th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001641402070211.

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Mahmoud, Ahmed M., Phoebe A. Stapleton, Jefferson C. Frisbee, and Osama M. Mukdadi. "Noninvasive Measurement of Brachial Wall Mechanics During Flow-Mediated Vasodilation Using 2D Ultrasound Strain Tensor Imaging." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192837.

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Atherosclerosis has become one of the contributing factors of cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction is considered a key factor in the development of atherosclerosis [1]. Flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) measurement in brachial and other conduit arteries has become a common method to asses the endothelial function in vivo [2]. Fluid shear-stress increases due to blood flow increases, thus stimulating endothelial cell production and release of nitric oxide, a potent endogenous vasodilator. The mechanical behavior of the arterial wall during vasodilatation is considered an indication for endothelial health. In FMD measurement, the endothelium-dependent variation in arterial diameter in response to reactive ischemia-induced hyperemia is measured by comparing the luminal diameter of the brachial artery before and after the ischemia of the forearm induced by pressurizing a cuff [3]. Ultrasound imaging modalities has been widely used in the FMD analysis as a noninvasive low-cost tool, which can be used to track the arterial diameter change with time. Most of the FMD measurements in the literature are based on tracing the vessel wall boundary manually. Since this process is time consuming and may introduce human errors, automatic measurement techniques have been implemented [3,4]. These techniques utilize image processing algorithms to identify the edges of arterial walls, and then calculate the relative displacement change with time.

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Tokunaga, Takeshi, Koji Mori, Hiroko Kadowaki, and Takashi Saito. "Study on Velocity Distribution Estimation Using Blood Pressure Data Based on the Coupled Wave Theory of Elastic Pipes and Fluids." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10548.

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Abstract Cardiovascular disease that is one of Non-Communicable Disease accounts for about 25% of death in Japan. Prevention of arteriosclerosis that is a main cause of cardiovascular disease is important. Since an early lesions of arteriosclerosis progress as functional change of an endothelial cell that is uniformly distributed on the luminal surface of a blood vessel, an accurate evaluation of the endothelial cell function is important as prevention of the arteriosclerosis. Although Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD) is widely used as a diagnosis of the endothelial cell function in clinic, it is an evaluation method that uses a static diameter of a blood vessel. Moreover, it isn’t possible to take into account individual difference of a wall shear stress on the endothelial cell. In previous study, it is found that an evoked hyperemic wall shear stress is a major correlate of %FMD. In order to accurately measure the endothelial cell function, it is necessary to simply assess the hyperemic shear stress during FMD. However, it is difficult to non-invasively measure the hyperemic shear stress on the endothelial cell in clinic. In this study, we focused on a blood pressure data that is obtained non-invasively and formulated a relationship between the pressure and a flow velocity based on the coupled wave theory. And we estimated a hyperemic shear stress by using a blood pressure data that is obtained by a tonometry method in experiment that simulate FMD. As a result of estimating the hyperemic shear stress, it reflected characteristics of blood flow in clinic. It may be necessary to consider the hyperemic pressure fluctuation that is waves including low frequency components. Moreover, the hyperemic pressure fluctuation should not be treated as a waveform that has individually different a static pressure in estimation of the hyperemic wall shear stress.

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Dalsgaard, Hans H. "The role of the FMD in high pT physics." In High-pT physics at LHC. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.045.0016.

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Neff, Thomas, Hans Feldmeier, and Karlheinz Langanke. "Microscopic Nuclear Structure and Reaction Calculations in the FMD Approach." In 11th Symposium on Nuclei in the Cosmos. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.100.0017.

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Nelson, A., D. J. Sanderson, and A. Stacey. "The Effects of Stress Redistribution Due to Member Failure on Structural Reliability of Offshore Steel Jackets." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28612.

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Current practice in providing structural integrity assurance of North Sea Steel Jacket structures relies upon periodic inspection of the sub-structures, with FMD being the preferred method of inspection. The time period between inspections, when employing FMD is dependent upon the structure’s level of redundancy. However, little, if any, consideration is given to the effect a failed member has on the stress distribution within the structure and the probability of a second member failing. A study has been completed that investigated the impact of stress redistribution following failure of a member. The study has considered the impact this has on fatigue lives of adjacent members/joints, and ultimately the impact on structural reliability. The findings from this study suggest that for the type of structures considered, the justification for a given inspection schedule should take due account of the impact of stress redistribution and the possibility that a structure might experience a second member failure during an inspection interval.

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Kanai, Hiroshi, Hideyuki Hasegawa, and Kazuki Ikeshita. "In Vivo Measurements of Change in Viscoelasticity of Arterial Wall During the Flow-Mediated Dilation." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-13263.

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The present paper introduces in vivo measurements of viscoelasticity of arterial wall developed in our laboratory. The endothelial dysfunction is considered to be an earliest stage of atherosclerosis. Moreover, it was reported that the smooth muscle, which constructs the media of the artery, changes its characteristics due to atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is essential to develop an in vivo measurement method to assess the regional endothelial function and mechanical property (viscoelasticity) of the arterial wall. To evaluate the endothelial function, there is a conventional technique for measuring the transient change in the diameter of the brachial artery caused by flow mediated dilation (FMD) after the release of avascularization. However, this method does not directly evaluate the viscoelasticity of the intima-media region of the arterial wall. In the present paper, therefore, we proposed a method for simultaneous measurement of waveforms of the radial strain and blood pressure at the radial artery, and we developed its measurement system. From in vivo experiments, the viscoelasticity parameters of the arterial wall were estimated from the measured stress-strain relationship (hysteresis loop) using the least-square method and their transient changes after the release of avascularization were revealed. For healthy young persons, the slope of the hysteresis loop decreased due to the FMD, which corresponds to decrease in the elastic modulus. At the same time, the area of the loop increased after recirculation, which corresponds to the increase of the ratio of the loss modulus (viscosity) to the elastic modulus when the Voigt model is assumed. These results show a potential of the proposed method for thorough analysis of the transient change in viscoelasticity due to FMD.

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Reports on the topic "FMD"

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Grubman, Marvin J., Yehuda Stram, Peter W. Mason, and Hagai Yadin. Development of an Empty Viral Capsid Vaccine against Foot and Mouth Disease. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570568.bard.

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly infectious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, is economically the most important disease of domestic animals. Although inactivated FMD vaccines have been succesfully used as part of comprehensive eradication programs in Western Europe, there are a number of concerns about their safety. In this proposal, we have attempted to develop a new generation of FMD vaccines that addresses these concerns. Specifically we have cloned the region of the viral genome coding for the structural proteins and the proteinase responsible for processing of the structural protein precursor into both a DNA vector and a replication-deficient human adenovirus. We have demonstrated the induction of an FMDV-specific immune response and a neutralizing antibody response with the DNA vectors in mice, but preliminary potency and efficacy studies in swine are variable. However, the adenovirus vector induces a significant and long-lived neutralizing antibody response in mice and most importantly a neutralizing and protective response in swine. These results suggest that the empty capsid approach is a potential alternative to the current vaccination strategy.

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Thanda Kyaw, Ai. Socio-Economic Impacts of Foot and Mouth Disease Among Cattle Farmers in Sagaing and Mandalay Areas, Myanmar. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2784.

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The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Sub-Regional Representation for South East Asia (OIE SRR-SEA) implemented the Stop Transboundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses (STANDZ) Programme funded by AusAID to strengthen the veterinary services and effectively manage the control and eradication of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Myanmar. The purpose of the study is to understand how FMD outbreaks impact smallholder farmers, both men and women, at the household and village level and how control and eradication of FMD would benefit them. Specific aims are to estimate the direct and indirect socio-economic costs associated with the outbreaks of FMD as well as of the measures taken by farmers to deal with such outbreaks and to identify issues that contributed to the socio-economic impacts of FMD outbreaks and opportunities to reduce them.

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Dy, Cecilia. Policy Brief: Socioeconomic impacts of FMD at the household level in Cambodia. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2783.

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Funded by the Australian Government through the Stop Transboundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses (STANDZ) Programme managed by the OIE SRR-SEA, the study was conducted by the Centre for Development Oriented Research in Agriculture and Livelihood Systems (CENTDOR) in 12 villages of Kampong Speu and Takeo provinces in September 2013.

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M., BLAKE. Reflections on the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Epidemic of 2001: an Irish Perspective. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/bull.2021.nf.3165.

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This year marks the 20-year anniversary of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemic, which originated in the United Kingdom (UK) in February 2001, and subsequently spread to Ireland, the Netherlands and France.

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Mwebe, Robert, Chester Kalinda, Ekwaro A. Obuku, Eve Namisango, Alison A. Kinengyere, Moses Ocan, Ann Nanteza, Savino Biryomumaisho, and Lawrence Mugisha. Epidemiology and effectiveness of interventions for Foot and Mouth Disease in Africa: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0039.

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Review question / Objective: What is the epidemiology and effectiveness of control measures for foot and mouth disease in African countries?’ PICOS: Description of elements Population/ problem/Setting: Artiodactyla (cloven ungulates), domestic (cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs), camels and wildlife (buffaloes, deer, antelope, wild pigs, elephant, giraffe, and camelids) affected by Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) or Hoof and Mouth Disease (HMD) caused by the Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) in Africa. Intervention: Prevention measures: vaccination, ‘biosafety and biosecurity’, sensitization of the public. Control measures: quarantine, movement control, closure of markets and stock routes, mouth swabbing of animals with infected materials (old technique that is no long applicable), culling, mass slaughter, stamping out and any other interventions or control measures generally accepted by the ‘community of practice’ of animal health practitioners. Comparator: areas that did not have any control activities for FMD, in head-to-head comparisons in the same study. Outcome: epidemiological outcomes: incidence, prevalence, patterns or trends, clinical symptoms, and risk factors. Effectiveness outcomes: success, and usefulness of the interventions measured as averted deaths, illness and infections, and costs associated with the interventions (cost–effectiveness). Study design: epidemiological designs include cohort design for incidence, cross sectional for prevalence and case-control for clinical symptoms and risk factors. Interventional designs include randomized controlled trials, cluster randomized trials, quasi-experimental designs – controlled before and after, interrupted time series, [regression discontinuity design, difference-in-difference, and propensity score matching]. Timelines: 1900 – 2022.

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McLeod, Ross. Costs of FMD in SE Asia and economic benefits of the Southeast Asia Foot and Mouth Disease Campaign. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2780.

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Frieson, Kate Grace. A Gender Assessment of SEACFMD 2020: A Roadmap to Prevent, Control and Eradicate foot and mouth disease (by 2020) in Southeast Asia and China. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2785.

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This gender assessment of SEACFMD 2020: A Roadmap to Prevent, Control and Eradicate foot and mouth disease (by 2020) in Southeast Asia and China, responds to the requirement of AusAID that all strategies affecting human health, food security and poverty alleviation incorporate a gender perspective as women are not often included in the technical and community based aspects of programs relating to animal health and disease control. Gender roles and responsibilities affect women’s and men’s ability and incentive to participate in FMD roadmap activities, and can potentially lead to different project impacts for men and women.

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Shaber, E. L. Storage and disposition of weapons usable fissile materials (FMD) PEIS: Blending of U-233 to {lt}12% or {lt}5% enrichment at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Data report, Draft: Version 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/130604.

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Clark, Stephen Nowland. Fed-X:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4371.

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Clark, Stephen Nowland, and Don Libes. Fed-X:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4822.

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