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Journal articles on the topic 'Fluxgate current sensors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Ripka, Pavel, Václav Grim, and Andrey Chirtsov. "Improved 3-Phase Current Transducer." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (November 26, 2018): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131070.

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We propose improved contactless DC/AC current transducer for 3-phase current lines based on 8 integrated fluxgate sensors. Using proper processing we ideally achieve a complete suppression of external homogeneous fields, and field gradients up to the 4th order. The sensitivity to external currents (crosstalk) is improved 15-times compared to [1]. The usage of micro fluxgate sensors instead of magnetoresistive sensors improves the temperature stability: the sensitivity temperature coefficient was reduced from 0.3%/K to 50 ppm/K and offset drift was reduced from 50 mA/K to 1 mA/K.
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2

Zhao, Yue, Jing Lin Hu, Wen Zhong Lou, and Long Fei Zhang. "The Study of a Fluxgate SPICE Model Based on Schmitt Trigger." Key Engineering Materials 483 (June 2011): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.483.212.

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Current fluxgate sensor probe SPICE models constructed by using arc tangent transfer function method and the diode model in fluxgate sensor simulation had some disadvantages which were non convergence, low simulation accuracy, discontinuously adjusted core characteristics and the model couldn’t simulate the hysteresis characteristic. IO characteristics of Schmitt Trigger was similar to the B-H curve of soft magnetic core in shape, for this reason Schmitt trigger was used to construct fluxgate probe SPICE model. HSPICE was used in simulation. Simulation results shown that this model can simulate the real electrical properties of fluxgate probe accurately. This model can be used for fluxgate sensor interface integrated circuit research and fluxgate sensor application, and provide a reference to judge the performance for fluxgate sensors of which core parameters within a certain range.
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3

Ripka, Pavel, Pavel Mlejnek, Pavel Hejda, Andrey Chirtsov, and Jan Vyhnánek. "Rectangular Array Electric Current Transducer with Integrated Fluxgate Sensors." Sensors 19, no. 22 (November 14, 2019): 4964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19224964.

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Novel rectangular yokeless current transducer with the range 400 A using 16 microfluxgate sensors around the busbar conductor is presented in this paper. Compared to yokeless transducers utilizing the differential pair of magnetic sensors, our solution has much better suppression of the external currents (lower crosstalk). Compared to industrial transducers with yoke, the new transducer has 15-times lower noise, 7-times better temperature stability, and same crosstalk. Sensor design and design of current monitoring system is presented together with the results of long-term field tests. Crosstalk error is examined in dependence on the number of the operating sensors and external current position.
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4

Ren, Ming Yuan, Xiao Wei Liu, Hao Ran Li, and Zhi Gang Mao. "Analytical Model of Fluxgate System." Key Engineering Materials 503 (February 2012): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.503.236.

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This paper presents a complete set of SIMULINK models, which allow exhaustive behavioral simulations of fluxgate system to be performed. The model construction is detailed and it is applied to the Vacquier-type fluxgate sensor. Well known characteristics of these sensors are confirmed through the simulations. In spite of this simplicity, the model has been successfully used to describe the variation of the output of a Vacquier-type fluxgate sensor with the amplitude and the frequency of the driving current. Using a previously developed 2nd harmonic fluxgate magnetometer, some preliminary experimental results are obtained confirming the appearance at its output.
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5

Msaed, Aline, Mansour Tawk, Youssef Zaatar, and Doumit Zaouk. "Design of an Accuracy Current Sensor Using Amorphous Fine Wire of FeCoSiB." Advanced Materials Research 324 (August 2011): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.324.423.

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In this paper, we are interested in electric current reconstruction from magnetic field measurements. The major difficulty of this principle is in the ability to reject magnetic field perturbations which affect the accuracy of the measurements. The first experimental validation of the approach of gradient measurement shows large errors in the current reconstruction using two independent fluxgate sensors. These errors were attributed to mechanical alignment and different residual magnetic states of the fluxgate sensors. We then suggested an effective solution able to overcome these problems. This solution consists of a fluxgate gradiometer placed above U-shaped conductor carrying the unknown current to be reconstructed. The experimental results of this system show a good rejection of uniform and non-uniform magnetic field perturbations and furthermore an improvement of the accuracy of the measurements.
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6

Coillot, C., J. Moutoussamy, M. Boda, and P. Leroy. "New ferromagnetic core shapes for induction sensors." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 3, no. 1 (January 15, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-3-1-2014.

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Abstract. Induction sensors are used in a wide range of scientific and industrial applications. One way to improve these is rigorous modelling of the sensor combined with a low voltage and current input noise preamplifier aiming to optimize the whole induction magnetometer. In this paper, we explore another way, which consists in the use of original ferromagnetic core shapes of induction sensors, which bring substantial improvements. These new configurations are the cubic, orthogonal and coiled-core induction sensors. For each of them we give modelling elements and discuss their benefits and drawbacks with respect to a given noise-equivalent magnetic induction goal. Our discussion is supported by experimental results for the cubic and orthogonal configurations, while the coiled-core configuration remains open to experimental validation. The transposition of these induction sensor configurations to other magnetic sensors (fluxgate and giant magneto-impedance) is an exciting prospect of this work.
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7

Kolomeitsev, A. A., I. A. Zatonov, M. I. Pischanskaya, P. F. Baranov, D. P. Ilyaschenko, and E. V. Verkhoturova. "Designing a Planar Fluxgate Using the PCB Technology." Devices and Methods of Measurements 12, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2021-12-2-117-123.

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The development of novel methods, scientific devices and means for measuring magnetic fields generated by ultra-low current is among promising directions in the development of medical equipment and instruments for geodetic surveys and space exploration. The present work is to develop a small sensor capable of detecting weak magnetic fields, which sources are biocurrents, radiation of far space objects and slight fluctuations of the geomagnetic field. Scientists estimate the strength of such magnetic fields as deciles of nanotesla. The key requirements for the sensors of ultra-low magnetic field are: resolution, noise level in the measurement channel, temperature stability, linearity and repeatability of the characteristics from one produced item to another. The aforementioned characteristics can be achieved by using planar technologies and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in such advanced sensors.The work describes a complete R&D cycle, from creating the computer model of the sensor under study to manufacturing of a working prototype. To assess the effect of the geometry and material properties, the Jiles–Atherton model is implemented which, unlike the majority of the models used, allows considering the non-linearity of the core, its hysteresis properties and influence of residual magnetization.The dimensions of the developed sensor are 40×20×5 mm, while the technology allows its further diminishment. The sensor has demonstrated the linearity of its properties in the range of magnetic field strength from 0.1 nT to 50 µT for a rms current of excitation of 1.25 mA at a frequency of 30 kHz. The average sensitivity for the second harmonic is 54 µV/nT.
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8

Zhi, Feng, and Lei. "Improved Performance of Fundamental Mode Orthogonal Fluxgate Using a Micro-Patterned Meander-Shaped Ribbon Core." Sensors 19, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 5058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235058.

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In this paper, the performance of orthogonal fluxgate sensors with meander-shaped cores is studied in fundamental mode. The meander-shaped cores are made by micro-patterning technology based on a Co-based amorphous ribbon. The main advantage of this structure is that the linear operating range of the sensor can be adjusted simply by changing the number of strips, without affecting the excitation mechanism. Experiments show that a linear range of 560 μT is obtained by a meander-shaped core sensor with 12 strips. The changes in the number of strips can also increase sensitivity and reduce noise of the sensor. We can achieve a sensitivity of 600 V/T and a noise level of 0.64 nT/√Hz at 1 Hz for a meander-shaped core sensor with eight strips. Compared with the performance of the sensors built using a single strip core having the same equivalent cross-sectional area, the use of meander-shaped core can provide a higher sensitivity and linearity, and a lower noise level. We also compare the performance of an eight-strip meander-shaped core orthogonal fluxgate operated in the fundamental and second-harmonic modes. Similar sensitivity for the two modes can be obtained by adjusting the excitation current. In this case, we find that the noise of sensor operating in fundamental mode is about five times lower than that of the sensor operating in second-harmonic mode. This can be interpreted as the suppression of Barkhausen noise by unipolar bias in the fundamental mode.
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9

Cao, Daping, Si Liu, and Changzhong Jiang. "Maximum energy transfer conditions in parametric amplification of current-output fluxgate sensors." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 173, no. 1 (January 2012): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2011.11.010.

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10

Huong Giang, Do Thi, Ho Anh Tam, Vu Thi Ngoc Khanh, Nguyen Trong Vinh, Phung Anh Tuan, Nguyen Van Tuan, Nguyen Thi Ngoc, and Nguyen Huu Duc. "Magnetoelectric Vortex Magnetic Field Sensors Based on the Metglas/PZT Laminates." Sensors 20, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 2810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102810.

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This paper describes the route, from simulations toward experiments, for optimizing the magnetoelectric (ME) geometries for vortex magnetic field sensors. The research is performed on the base of the Metglas/Piezoelectric (PZT) laminates in both open and closed magnetic circuit (OMC and CMC) geometries with different widths (W), lengths (L), and diameters (D). Among these geometries, the CMC laminates demonstrate advantages not only in their magnetic flux distribution, but also in their sensitivity and in their independence of the position of the vortex center. In addition, the ME voltage signal is found to be enhanced by increasing the magnetostrictive volume fraction. Optimal issues are incorporated to realize a CMC-based ME double sandwich current sensor in the ring shape with D × W = 6 mm × 1.5 mm and four layers of Metglas. At the resonant frequency of 174.4 kHz, this sensor exhibits the record sensitivity of 5.426 V/A as compared to variety of devices such as the CMC ME sensor family, fluxgate, magnetoresistive, and Hall-effect-based devices. It opens a potential to commercialize a new generation of ME-based current and (or) vortex magnetic sensors.
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11

Mironenko, Olga, and Willett Kempton. "Comparing Devices for Concurrent Measurement of AC Current and DC Injection during Electric Vehicle Charging." World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, no. 3 (August 29, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj11030057.

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Widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) requires additional safety countermeasures to prevent DC injection from EVs into the AC grid via Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE). Moreover, for energy purchase, and even more so for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services, the EVSE must conduct high precision bidirectional power and energy measurements. This paper introduces operating principles, structure, performance, and cost comparison of three current sensing technologies—current transformer, shunt and fluxgate—for metering and protection within an EVSE, concluding with recommendations among those sensors for the most beneficial applications concerning EV charging.
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12

Djamal, Mitra, and Ramli. "Thin Film of Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Material Prepared by Sputtering Method." Advanced Materials Research 770 (September 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.770.1.

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In recent decades, a new magnetic sensor based on magnetoresistance effect is highly researched and developed intensively. GMR material has great potential as next generation magnetic field sensing devices. It has also good magnetic and electric properties, and high potential to be developed into various applications of electronic devices such as: magnetic field sensor, current measurements, linear and rotational position sensor, data storage, head recording, and non-volatile magnetic random access memory. GMR material can be developed to be solid state magnetic sensors that are widely used in low field magnetic sensing applications. A solid state magnetic sensor can directly convert magnetic field into resistance, which can be easily detected by applying a sense current or voltage. Generally, there are many sensors for measuring the low magnetic field, such as: fluxgate sensor, Hall sensor, induction coil, GMR sensor, and SQUID sensor. Compared to other low magnetic field sensing techniques, solid state sensors have demonstrated many advantages, such as: small size (<0.1mm2), low power, high sensitivity (~0.1Oe) and good compatibility with CMOS technology. The thin film of GMR is usually prepared using: sputtering, electro deposition or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) techniques. But so far, not many researchers reported the manufacture of thin film of GMR by dc-Opposed Target Magnetron Sputtering (dc-OTMS). In this paper, we inform the development of GMR thin film with sandwich and spin valve structures using dc-OTMS method. We have also developed organic GMR with Alq3 as a spacer layer.
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13

Murzin, Dmitry, Desmond J. Mapps, Kateryna Levada, Victor Belyaev, Alexander Omelyanchik, Larissa Panina, and Valeria Rodionova. "Ultrasensitive Magnetic Field Sensors for Biomedical Applications." Sensors 20, no. 6 (March 11, 2020): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061569.

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The development of magnetic field sensors for biomedical applications primarily focuses on equivalent magnetic noise reduction or overall design improvement in order to make them smaller and cheaper while keeping the required values of a limit of detection. One of the cutting-edge topics today is the use of magnetic field sensors for applications such as magnetocardiography, magnetotomography, magnetomyography, magnetoneurography, or their application in point-of-care devices. This introductory review focuses on modern magnetic field sensors suitable for biomedicine applications from a physical point of view and provides an overview of recent studies in this field. Types of magnetic field sensors include direct current superconducting quantum interference devices, search coil, fluxgate, magnetoelectric, giant magneto-impedance, anisotropic/giant/tunneling magnetoresistance, optically pumped, cavity optomechanical, Hall effect, magnetoelastic, spin wave interferometry, and those based on the behavior of nitrogen-vacancy centers in the atomic lattice of diamond.
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14

Fischer, David, Werner Magnes, Christian Hagen, Ivan Dors, Mark W. Chutter, Jerry Needell, Roy B. Torbert, et al. "Optimized merging of search coil and fluxgate data for MMS." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 5, no. 2 (November 17, 2016): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-5-521-2016.

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Abstract. The Magnetospheric Multiscale mission (MMS) targets the characterization of fine-scale current structures in the Earth's tail and magnetopause. The high speed of these structures, when traversing one of the MMS spacecraft, creates magnetic field signatures that cross the sensitive frequency bands of both search coil and fluxgate magnetometers. Higher data quality for analysis of these events can be achieved by combining data from both instrument types and using the frequency bands with best sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio from both sensors. This can be achieved by a model-based frequency compensation approach which requires the precise knowledge of instrument gain and phase properties. We discuss relevant aspects of the instrument design and the ground calibration activities, describe the model development and explain the application on in-flight data. Finally, we show the precision of this method by comparison of in-flight data. It confirms unity gain and a time difference of less than 100 µs between the different magnetometer instruments.
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15

Song, Sixuan, Ming Deng, Kai Chen, Muer A, and Sheng Jin. "A new borehole electromagnetic receiver developed for controlled-source electromagnetic methods." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 10, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-10-55-2021.

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Abstract. Conventional surface electromagnetic methods have limitations of a shallow detection depth and low resolution. To increase the detection depth and resolution, borehole–surface electromagnetic methods for electromagnetic three-dimensional observations of the ground, tunnels, and boreholes have been developed. Current borehole receivers only measure a single parameter of the magnetic field component, which does not meet the special requirements of controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) methods. This study proposes a borehole electromagnetic receiver that realizes synchronous acquisition of the vertical electric field component in the borehole and the three-axis orthogonal magnetic field components. This receiver uses Ti electrodes and fluxgate magnetometers (fluxgates) as sensors to acquire electric and magnetic field components. Multi-component comprehensive observation methods that add the electric field component can effectively support the CSEM method, improve detection accuracy, and exhibit a strong potential for detecting deep ore bodies. We conducted laboratory and field experiments to verify the performance of our new borehole electromagnetic receiver. The receiver achieved a magnetic field noise of less than 6 pTHz-1/2 at 1 kHz, and the electric field noise floor was approximately 20 nVm-1Hz-1/2 at 1 kHz. The −3 dB electric field bandwidth can reach DC −10 kHz. The results of our experiments prove that high-quality CSEM signals can be obtained using this new borehole electromagnetic receiver and that the electric field component exhibits sufficient advantages for measuring the vertical component of the electric field.
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16

Coillot, C., J. Moutoussamy, G. Chanteur, P. Robert, and F. Alves. "On-board hybrid magnetometer of NASA CHARM-II rocket: principle, design and performances." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 2, no. 2 (August 6, 2013): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-2-137-2013.

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Abstract. We present a hybrid tri-axes magnetometer designed to measure weak magnetic fields in space from DC (direct current) up to a few kHz with a better sensitivity than fluxgate magnetometers at frequencies above a few Hz. This magnetometer combines a wire-wound ferromagnetic ribbon and a classical induction sensor. The nature of the wire-wound ferromagnetic ribbon sensor, giant magneto-impedance or magneto-inductance, is discussed. New configurations of wire-wound ferromagnetic ribbon sensors based on closed magnetic circuits are suggested and the hybrid sensor is described. The electronic conditioning of the wire-wound ribbon makes use of an alternating bias field to cancel the offset and linearize the output. Finally we summarize the main performances of the hybrid magnetometer and we discuss its advantages and drawbacks. A prototype has been built and was part of the scientific payload of the NASA rocket experiment CHARM-II (Correlation of High Frequency and Auroral Roar Measurements) launched in the auroral ionosphere. Unfortunately the launch campaign ended without any noticeable magnetic event and the rocket was eventually launched on 16 February 2010, through a very quiescent arc in the magnetic cusp and no wave activity was detected at frequencies observable by the hybrid magnetometer.
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17

Rasca, Anthony P., William M. Farrell, Phyllis L. Whittlesey, Robert J. MacDowall, Stuart D. Bale, and Justin C. Kasper. "Magnetic Field Dropouts and Associated Plasma Wave Emission near the Electron Plasma Frequency at Switchback Boundaries as Observed by the Parker Solar Probe." Astrophysical Journal 935, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac80c3.

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Abstract The first solar encounters by the Parker Solar Probe revealed the magnetic field to be dominated by short field reversals in the radial direction, referred to as “switchbacks.” While radial velocity and proton temperature were shown to increase inside the switchbacks, ∣B∣ exhibits very brief dropouts only at the switchback boundaries. Brief intensifications in spectral density measurements near the electron plasma frequency, f pe, were also observed at these boundaries, indicating the presence of plasma waves triggered by current systems in the form of electron beams. We perform a correlative study using observations from the Parker FIELDS Radio Frequency Spectrometer and Fluxgate Magnetometer to compare occurrences of spectral density intensifications at the electron plasma frequency (f pe emissions) and ∣B∣ dropouts at switchback boundaries during Parker’s first and second solar encounters. We find that only a small fraction of minor ∣B∣ dropouts are associated with f pe emissions. This fraction increases with ∣B∣ dropout size until all dropouts are associated with f pe emissions. Brief spikes in the differential electron flux measured by the SWEAP Solar Probe Analyzer for Electron sensors also occur in conjunction with nearly all f pe emissions. This suggests that in the presence of strong ∣B∣ dropouts, electron currents that create the perturbation in ∣B∣ along the boundaries are also stimulating plasma waves such as Langmuir waves.
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18

Mahavarkar, Prasanna, Jacob John, Vijay Dhapre, Varun Dongre, and Sachin Labde. "Tri-axial square Helmholtz coil system at the Alibag Magnetic Observatory: upgraded to a magnetic sensor calibration facility." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 7, no. 2 (April 12, 2018): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-7-143-2018.

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Abstract. A tri-axial square Helmholtz coil system for the study of palaeomagnetic studies, manufactured by GEOFYZIKA (former Czechoslovakia), was successfully commissioned at the Alibag Magnetic Observatory (IAGA code: ABG) in the year 1985. This system was used for a few years, after which the system encountered technical problems with the control unit. Rectification of the unit could not be undertaken, as the information document related to this system was not available, and as a result the system had been lying in an unused state for a long time, until 2015, when the system was recommissioned and upgraded to a test facility for calibrating the magnetometer sensors. We have upgraded the system with a constant current source and a data-logging unit. Both of these units have been designed and developed in the institute laboratory. Also, re-measurements of the existing system have been made thoroughly. The upgraded system is semi-automatic, enabling non-specialists to operate it after a brief period of instruction. This facility is now widely used at the parent institute and external institutions to calibrate magnetometers and it also serves as a national facility. Here the design of this system with the calibration results for the space-borne fluxgate magnetometers is presented.
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19

Ripka, Pavel. "Contactless measurement of electric current using magnetic sensors." tm - Technisches Messen 86, no. 10 (October 25, 2019): 586–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2019-0032.

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AbstractWe review recent advances in magnetic sensors for DC/AC current transducers, especially novel AMR sensors and integrated fluxgates, and we make critical comparison of their properties. Most contactless electric current transducers use magnetic cores to concentrate the flux generated by the measured current and to shield the sensor against external magnetic fields. In order to achieve this, the magnetic core should be massive. We present coreless current transducers which are lightweight, linear and free of hysteresis and remanence. We also show how to suppress their weak point: crosstalk from external currents and magnetic fields.
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20

Fidan, A., S. Atalay, N. Bayri, F. E. Atalay, and V. Yagmur. "Coil-Less Fluxgate Effect in Amorphous Co71Fe1Mo1Mn4Si14B9 Ribbon." Solid State Phenomena 190 (June 2012): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.190.167.

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In this study, the coil-less fluxgate effect in Co71Fe1Mo1Mn4Si14B9 amorphous ribbon was investigated. The coil-less fluxgate is a new type of fluxgate sensor without a coil. It is based on helical anisotropy and deep circumferential magnetic saturation in the ferromagnetic fluxgate core. Coil-less fluxgate measurements were performed in as-cast and annealed ribbons at 480 mA current with 3, 12.5 and 25 rad/m torsion. The second harmonic of the output voltage detected from the ends of the wire show a linear variation in the low magnetic field region. The sensitivity of the current annealed ribbons in the presence of 25 rad/m torsion is about 570 V/T, which is comparable with previously reported fluxgate sensitivity values. The presented sensor has no coil so it is much easier to reduce the size of the sensor and easy to fabricate it.
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21

Kudo, T., S. Kuribara, T. Asano, and K. Toyama. "Fluxgate DC Earth Leakage Current Sensor." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 34, no. 6 (2010): 588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/msjmag.1009r003.

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22

Tipek, A., T. O’Donnell, A. Connell, P. McCloskey, and S. C. O’Mathuna. "PCB fluxgate current sensor with saturable inductor." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 132, no. 1 (November 2006): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2006.06.057.

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23

Cho, Juhee, Suyong Kim, Seungjae Lee, and Byungtaek Kim. "Linearity analysis According to the Number of Excitation Winding Turns of MVDC Class Fluxgate Type Current Sensor." TRANSACTION OF THE KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS P 72, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kieep.2023.72.4.262.

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24

Xiao, Xia, Hongtian Song, and Hongbin Li. "A High Accuracy AC+DC Current Transducer for Calibration." Sensors 22, no. 6 (March 12, 2022): 2214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062214.

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Facing a lack of high accuracy current standards in the calibration of AC (Alternating Current) + DC (Direct Current) measurement devices that function to measure DC and AC simultaneously, a measurement method with high accuracy is proposed based on zero-flux self-oscillating fluxgate. An iron core and two windings are added onto the single-iron-core double-winding structure of the traditional self-oscillating fluxgate. The added iron core and its upper winding are used to weaken the influence of ripple on the sensor’s accuracy. The other one of the added windings is used for the feedback from the AC+DC magnetic potential, allowing the sensor to work in a zero-flux state and to measure AC+DC simultaneously. An AC+DC transducer prototype with an AC ranging from 0–500 A and DC 0–300 A is developed by selecting the core parameters and an optimized design of the circuit. The test results of the prototype show that the prototype can measure the AC and DC simultaneously, and the measurement accuracy reaches class 0.05 level in the nominal current range. This transducer can be used as a calibration standard of measurement devices for AC only, DC only, or AC and DC simultaneously. Compared with the AC+DC current transducer with the same accuracy level, the proposed transducer has fewer cores and simpler measuring circuit.
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25

Wei, Yutong, Yang Wang, Meiling Wang, and Chaofeng Ye. "Digital fluxgate current sensor based on second harmonic detection." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (December 10, 2020): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209313.

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This paper presents a new digital fluxgate current sensor based on second harmonic detection for DC and AC measurement. The sensor utilizes a feedback loop to obtain an almost zero-flux condition, i.e., a balance between the magnetic flux of the primary current and the feedback current, in which way the feedback current is proportional to the primary current. The AC magnetic flux is detected with an induction coil, and the DC zero-flux condition is realized by magnetic saturation effect method, where the magnetic core is periodically magnetized and then the second harmonic of the magnetization current is calculated as an indication of the DC magnetic flux. After theoretical derivation, the operating principle of the sensor was investigated using a numerical simulation model built with Simulink of MATLAB. In addition, a prototype sensor was developed and tested. The experiment results demonstrate that the current sensor works properly for DC and AC measurement. The average error is about 0.06% for DC measurement.
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26

Marusenkov, Andriy. "Possibilities of further improvement of 1 s fluxgate variometers." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 6, no. 2 (August 23, 2017): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-301-2017.

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Abstract. The paper discusses the possibility of improving temperature and noise characteristics of fluxgate variometers. The new fluxgate sensor with a Co-based amorphous ring core is described. This sensor is capable of improving the signal-to-noise ratio at the recording short-period geomagnetic variations. Besides the sensor performance, it is very important to create the high-stability compensation field that cancels the main Earth magnetic field inside the magnetic cores. For this purpose the new digitally controlled current source with low noise level and high temperature stability is developed.
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Ripka, Pavel, Michal Pribil, Vojtech Petrucha, Vaclav Grim, and Karel Draxler. "A Fluxgate Current Sensor With an Amphitheater Busbar." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 52, no. 7 (July 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2016.2540523.

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28

Indrasari, Widyaningrum, Mitra Djamal, Wahyu Srigutomo, and Nur Hadziqoh. "High Sensitivity Fluxgate Sensor for Detection of AC Magnetic Field: Equipment for Characterization of Magnetic Material in Subsurface." Advanced Materials Research 896 (February 2014): 718–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.718.

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A magnetic material characterization at subsurface of soil using portable controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) methods needs a continuous signal which has frequency more than 1 kHz. This signal can be obtained from the function generator which its output was amplified by a power amplifier with a gain of 16 times. The AC output current of the power amplifier can be varied from 0.1 A 0.45 A at frequency of 5 kHz. To generate an AC magnetic field, the output of the power amplifier is then connected to the solenoid with a ferrite-core coils number of 130 and diameter of 3 cm. The AC magnetic field was detected by fluxgate sensor with high sensitivity (568 mV/μT or 1.76 nT/mV). By adjusting the excitation and phase detector frequency in the electronic circuits of fluxgate sensor, will enable this sensor work at higher frequency. The signal processing circuit of fluxgate sensor uses the 2nd-order of Butterworth filter with frequency scaling factor of 10.6 kHz. By this method fluxgate sensor can detect the AC magnetic field frequency up to 10 kHz. The output voltage of this sensor has a maximum measurement range of 0.23 2.95 V at frequency of 5 kHz. Meanwhile, the minimum detectable magnetic field is 1.5 μT; with a relative error of measurement was 2.74 %.
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29

Shanglin, Yang, and Fan Rong. "Flexible-substrate Fluxgate Current Sensor Based on MEMS Technology." Sensors and Materials 32, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 3083. http://dx.doi.org/10.18494/sam.2020.2737.

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30

O’Donnell, Terence, A. Tipek, A. Connell, P. McCloskey, and S. C. O’Mathuna. "Planar fluxgate current sensor integrated in printed circuit board." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 129, no. 1-2 (May 2006): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2005.09.044.

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31

Ponjavic, Milan M., and Radivoje M. Duric. "Nonlinear Modeling of the Self-Oscillating Fluxgate Current Sensor." IEEE Sensors Journal 7, no. 11 (November 2007): 1546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2007.908234.

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32

Wei, Yutong, Cheng Li, Wenlei Zhao, Mingyu Xue, Bin Cao, Xu Chu, and Chaofeng Ye. "Electrical Compensation for Magnetization Distortion of Magnetic Fluxgate Current Sensor." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 71 (2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3152861.

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33

Kudo, T., S. Kuribara, and Y. Takahashi. "Fluxgate DC Earth Leakage Current Sensor with Self-Excited Circuit." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 37, no. 4 (2013): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/msjmag.1306r002.

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34

Yang, Xiaoguang, Wei Guo, Congcong Li, Bo Zhu, Tanggong Chen, and Wenqi Ge. "Design Optimization of a Fluxgate Current Sensor With Low Interference." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 26, no. 4 (June 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2016.2536619.

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35

Yang, Xiaoguang, Yuanyuan Li, Weidong Zheng, Wei Guo, Youhua Wang, and Rongge Yan. "Design and Realization of a Novel Compact Fluxgate Current Sensor." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 51, no. 3 (March 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2014.2358671.

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36

Miles, D. M., J. R. Bennest, I. R. Mann, and D. K. Millling. "A radiation hardened digital fluxgate magnetometer for space applications." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 2, no. 2 (September 13, 2013): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-213-2013.

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Abstract. Space-based measurements of Earth's magnetic field are required to understand the plasma processes responsible for energising particles in the Van Allen radiation belts and influencing space weather. This paper describes a prototype fluxgate magnetometer instrument developed for the proposed Canadian Space Agency's (CSA) Outer Radiation Belt Injection, Transport, Acceleration and Loss Satellite (ORBITALS) mission and which has applications in other space and suborbital applications. The magnetometer is designed to survive and operate in the harsh environment of Earth's radiation belts and measure low-frequency magnetic waves, the magnetic signatures of current systems, and the static background magnetic field. The new instrument offers improved science data compared to its predecessors through two key design changes: direct digitisation of the sensor and digital feedback from two cascaded pulse-width modulators combined with analog temperature compensation. These provide an increase in measurement bandwidth up to 450 Hz with the potential to extend to at least 1500 Hz. The instrument can resolve 8 pT on a 65 000 nT field with a magnetic noise of less than 10 pT/√Hz at 1 Hz. This performance is comparable with other recent digital fluxgates for space applications, most of which use some form of sigma-delta (ΣΔ) modulation for feedback and omit analog temperature compensation. The prototype instrument was successfully tested and calibrated at the Natural Resources Canada Geomagnetics Laboratory.
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37

Cao, Jianan, Juan Zhao, and Shuai Cheng. "Research on the simplified direct-current fluxgate sensor and its demodulation." Measurement Science and Technology 30, no. 7 (May 24, 2019): 075101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ab09bf.

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38

Yang, Xiaoguang, Yuanyuan Li, Wei Guo, Weidong Zheng, Cunfu Xie, and Hongli Yu. "A New Compact Fluxgate Current Sensor for AC and DC Application." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 50, no. 11 (November 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2014.2330373.

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39

Yang, Xiaoguang, Wei Guo, Congcong Li, Bo Zhu, Lingling Pang, and Youhua Wang. "A Fluxgate Current Sensor With a U-Shaped Magnetic Gathering Shell." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 51, no. 11 (November 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2015.2452267.

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40

Tan, Xiangyu, Wenyun Li, Guochao Qian, Gang Ao, Xiaowei Xu, Ran Wei, Yi Ke, and Wenbin Zhang. "Design of a Fluxgate Weak Current Sensor with Anti-Low Frequency Interference Ability." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 14, 2022): 8489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228489.

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According to the requirements of weak current measurement in power grid, a weak current sensor with anti-low frequency interference ability is developed. The sensor adopts the principle of fluxgate detection and adds a magnetic ring on the original basis. The structure of the magnetic ring is simulated using comsol to further improve detection sensitivity. In order to solve the problem that the electromagnetic current sensor is vulnerable to the interference of geomagnetic field and power frequency magnetic field in weak current measurement, a magnetic shielding method with low cost is selected, and the shielding shell structure is designed using a finite element analysis method. The experimental results show that the minimum measurable current is 1 mA, the measurement range is 1 mA–1 A, and the bandwidth is DC-16 kHz. The designed magnetic shielding shell can effectively reduce 97.3% of the DC magnetic field interference and 95.7% of the power frequency magnetic field interference. The sensor can realize accurate measurement of weak current in power grid.
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Yang, Xiaoguang, Jing Wen, Meiqi Chen, Zheng Gao, Ligen Xi, and Yuqi Li. "Analysis and design of a self-oscillating bidirectionally saturated fluxgate current sensor." Measurement 157 (June 2020): 107687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.107687.

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42

Wang, Nong, Zhonghua Zhang, Zhengkun Li, Yang Zhang, Qing He, Bing Han, and Yunfeng Lu. "Self-Oscillating Fluxgate-Based Quasi-Digital Sensor for DC High-Current Measurement." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 64, no. 12 (December 2015): 3555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2444258.

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43

Yang, Xiaoguang, Meiqi Chen, and Zhe Jia. "Analysis and design of a self-oscillating quasi-digital fluxgate current sensor for DC current measurement." Review of Scientific Instruments 92, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 025001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0030868.

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44

Yang, Xiaoguang, Bo Zhang, Youhua Wang, Zhigang Zhao, and Weili Yan. "The optimization of dual-core closed-loop fluxgate technology in precision current sensor." Journal of Applied Physics 111, no. 7 (April 2012): 07E722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3677200.

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45

Watanabe, Y., M. Otsubo, A. Takahashi, T. Yanai, M. Nakano, and H. Fukunaga. "Temperature Characteristics of a Fluxgate Current Sensor With Fe–Ni–Co Ring Core." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 51, no. 11 (November 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2015.2438541.

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46

Ponjavic, Milan, and Slavko Veinovic. "Low-power self-oscillating fluxgate current sensor based on Mn-Zn ferrite cores." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 518 (January 2021): 167368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.167368.

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47

Liu, Yang, Yuan Lin, Qinhong Lan, Dong F. Wang, Toshihiro Itoh, and Ryutaro Maeda. "A high accuracy fluxgate DC current sensor applicable to two-wire electric appliances." Microsystem Technologies 25, no. 3 (December 18, 2018): 877–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-018-4267-6.

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48

Wu, Yangjing, Mingji Zhang, Chengyuan Peng, Zehuang Zhang, Yichen He, Wenwei Zhang, and Liang Chang. "A Vectorial Current Density Imaging Method Based on Magnetic Gradient Tensor." Sensors 23, no. 13 (June 24, 2023): 5859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135859.

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Magnetic current imaging is deemed an emerging powerful technique for visualizing electrical currents in electronic devices. However, the existing magnetic-field-based Fourier Transform back-evolution method is limited by its mono-function of imaging the magnitude of current density in devices under test, and subject to background noise distortion. Here, we developed a novel vectorial current density imaging method based on the detection of the magnetic field gradient generated by current carrying conductors. A closed form solution of current density inversion was analytically derived and numerically verified. Experiments were conducted by scanning tri-axial fluxgate sensor over different shapes of electrical wires. The results show that a current density resolution of 24.15 mA/mm2, probe-to-sample separation of 2 mm, and spatial resolution of 0.69 mm were achieved over a maximum scanning area of 300 mm × 300 mm. Such a method is verified to be capable of simultaneously imaging both magnitude and directions of current density, which is a promising technique for in situ noninvasive inspection for the power electronic and semiconductor industry.
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49

Tesfaye, T., M. S. Mohammed, and K. Ki-Seong. "Improving Flaw Detection through Integration of a Novel Eddy Current Probe with Fluxgate Magnetic Sensor." Physical Mesomechanics 24, no. 1 (January 2021): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1029959921010136.

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50

Shin, Kwang-Ho. "DC Bias Current Influence to the Sensitivity of Orthogonal Fluxgate Sensor Fabricated with NiZn Ferrite Core." Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society 23, no. 3 (June 30, 2013): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4283/jkms.2013.23.3.094.

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