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Academic literature on the topic 'Flux (Metallurgy) Steel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Flux (Metallurgy) Steel"

1

Romanov, A. G., V. S. Pikalova, L. Z. Bykhovsky, and L. P. Tigunov. "Nonmetallic minerals of Russia in metallurgical production: status of mineral raw materials base and perspectives of its reclamation and development." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information, no. 8 (September 1, 2018): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-8-7-16.

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Status, utilization and perspectives of development of Russian mineral raw materials base of flux minerals (fluorite and flux limestone) considered, as well as refractory materials (bauxite, dolomite, magnesite, brucite, bischofite and zirconium) and moulding sands. An estimation of the level of provision with nonmetallic raw materials of Russian steel industry done. It was shown, that bowels of Russia have practically all kinds of nonmetallic minerals, used in the metallurgy of hot metal, steel and alloys. High alumina minerals are not used in metallurgy, despite discovered resources of them are big enough to meet demands of metallurgical plants of the country. There is some deficit of fluorite and zirconium, with no objective reasons for that.State of the markets of minerals considered briefly described.

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2

Parshin, Sergey G., Alexey M. Levchenko, and Pengfei Wang. "Metallurgy and Mechanism of Underwater Wet Cutting Using Oxidizing and Exothermic Flux-Cored Wires." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 4655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164655.

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This paper considers the metallurgical processes of dissociation, ionization, oxidation, deoxidation, and dissolution of oxides during underwater wet cutting. A multiphase mechanism of underwater wet cutting consisting of working and idle cycles of the electrical process in a pulsating vapor gas bubble is proposed. A model of arc penetration into metal due to metal oxidation and stabilization of the arc by the inner walls of a narrow kerf is proposed. For underwater cutting of 10 KhSND, 304L steel, CuAl5, and AlMg4.5Mn0.7 alloy, we provide a principle of modeling the phase composition of the gas mixture based on high oxygen concentration, improving ionization, enthalpy, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of plasma through the use of a mixture of KNO3, FeCO3 and aluminum. The method of improving the thermophysical properties and ionization of plasma due to the exothermic effect when introducing Fe3O4, MoO2, WO2 oxides and Al, Mg, Ti deoxidizers is proposed. Although a negative effect of refractory slag was revealed, it could be removed by using the method of reducing surface tension through the ionic dissolution of refractory oxides in Na3AlF6 cryolite. In underwater cutting of 10 KhSND and 304L, the steel welding current was 344–402 A with a voltage of 36–39 V; in cutting of CuAl5 and AlMg4.5Mn0.7 alloy, the welding current was 360–406; 240 A, with a voltage of 35–37; 38 V, respectively, with the optimal composition of flux-cored wire: 50–60% FeCO3 and KNO3, 20–30% aluminum, 20% Na3AlF6. Application of flux-cored wires of the KNO3-FeCO3-Na3AlF6-Al system allowed stable cutting of 10KhSND, AISI 304L steels, and CuAl5 bronze with kerf width up to 2.5–4.7 mm.

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Chen, Zhuo, Min Li, Xufeng Wang, Shengping He, and Qian Wang. "Mechanism of Floater Formation in the Mold during Continuous Casting of Ti-Stabilized Austenitic Stainless Steels." Metals 9, no. 6 (May 31, 2019): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9060635.

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During the continuous casting (CC) of Ti-bearing steel, a steel lump can solidify in the mold (i.e., floater steel) more easily than in the Ti-free steels. This causes severe surface defects or even a breakout. We have examined the mechanisms of floater formation during the CC of 321 stainless steel by analyzing the inclusions in the floater steel and in the 321 steel that was sampled from the mold. Additionally, we calculated the disregistry between the metallic phases and common inclusions. The mineralogy and morphology of the inclusions were examined while using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermodynamic calculations on the TixOy inclusions at different oxygen potentials were performed while using FactSage 7.2. Using this approach, we determined that ferrite nucleates grow on TiN and MgO inclusions following solidification, which then form micro-aggregates as a result of dynamic collisions and alliances. Analysis of the mold slag from the metallurgy stage indicated that altering the basicity and properties of the mold flux systematically might minimize the reaction between the slag and steel, which would achieve a coordinated control over lubrication and heat transfer.

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4

Hristova, E., and S. Jancev. "Characteristics of a calcite "limestone"-marble from Macedonia, used as flux material." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 39, no. 3-4 (2003): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0304443h.

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The phase characteristics of calcite "limestone"-marble from Banjany area village (near Skopje, Macedonia) were examined by means of XRD, SEM microscope in polarizing and reflected lights, chemical, DT/TG-analyses. It was concluded as follows: - calcite (CaCO3) is a major mineral component (cca 80-90 %) prevailing in the marble over the other minerals - dolomite is generally of minor importance (cca 10-20 %) in the rock - quartz, micas graphite, pyrite represent typical accessories. As result of the mentioned phase characteristics, this raw materials was for a long time (more than 30 years) used as flux in the iron and steel metallurgy in Macedonia.

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5

Zandoná, Vitor Caetano Almeida, Sergio Deitos Bittencourt, Moisés De Mattos Dias, Monir Goethel Borba, Eduardo Luis Schneider, José Carlos Krause de Verney, José Lesina Cézar, Luiz Carlos Gertz, and Lirio Schaeffe. "ESTUDO DE MATERIAIS MAGNÉTICOS MACIOS SINTERIZADOS PARA APLICAÇÃO EM SERVOMOTORES." Revista Tecnologia e Tendências 11, no. 1 (September 15, 2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.25112/rtt.v11i1.2297.

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Resumo Este trabalho teve por objetivo o estudo de ligas sinterizadas a partir de Fe puro, FeP, FeSi e FeNi obtidas a partir do processo da Metalurgia do Pó e sua aplicação em núcleos de rotor e estator de servomotores, operando com corrente elétrica de armadura de alta freqüência, reduzindo assim, nestas frequências, as correntes parasitas, as quais causam perda de potência nestas máquinas. O estudo compreendeu obtenção de curvas de histerese destas diversas ligas, ensaios para avaliação de perdas elétricas e simulação em software de elementos finitos para obtenção de fluxo de entreferro e conjugado eletromagnético (torque). Os estudos teóricos e simulações foram realizados em um servomotor de topologia convencional e os testes foram realizados comparativamente a servomotores com núcleos obtidos a partir de chapas de aço laminadas. Nas simulações realizadas estaticamente, o torque instantâneo e o fluxo magnético no núcleo de Fe1%P resultaram valores próximos em relação às tradicionais chapas de aço laminadas. O núcleo de Fe1%P apresentou torque instantâneo de 1,59 N.m e fluxo magnético de 1,70 T e o núcleo de chapas de aço laminadas, respectivamente, 1,65 N.m e 1,66 T.Palavras-chave: Metalurgia do Pó. Servomotores. Simulação por elementos finitos. ABSTRACT This work aimed to study sintered alloys from pure Fe, FeP, FeSi and FeNi obtained by Powder Metallurgy process, and its application in rotor and stator cores of servomotors, operating with armature electric current in high frequency, thus reducing, in these frequencies, eddy currents, which cause loss of power in these machines. The study comprised obtaining hysteresis curves from these different alloys, tests to evaluate electrical losses and simulation in finite element software to obtain airflow and electromagnetic conjugate (torque). Theoretical studies and simulations were performed on a conventional topology of servomotor, and the tests were carried out comparatively to servomotors with cores obtained from rolled steel sheets. In the simulations performed statically, the instantaneous torque and the magnetic flux in the Fe1%P core resulted close values in relation to the traditional laminated steel sheets. The Fe1%P core had an instantaneous torque of 1.59 N.m and a magnetic flux of 1.70 T and the core of rolled steel sheets, respectively, 1.65 N.m and 1.66 T.Keywords: Powder Metallurgy. Servomotors. Finite Element Simulation.

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6

Xu, Hu, Junsheng Sun, Jun Jin, Jijun Song, and Chi Wang. "Comparison of Structure and Properties of Mo2FeB2-Based Cermets Prepared by Welding Metallurgy and Vacuum Sintering." Materials 14, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010046.

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At present, most Mo2FeB2-based cermets are prepared by vacuum sintering. However, vacuum sintering is only suitable for ordinary cylinder and cuboid workpieces, and it is difficult to apply to large curved surface and large size workpieces. Therefore, in order to improve the flexibility of preparing Mo2FeB2 cermet, a flux cored wire with 70% filling rate, 304 stainless steel, 60 wt% Mo powder and 40 wt% FeB powder was prepared. Mo2FeB2 cermet was prepared by an arc cladding welding metallurgy method with flux cored wire. In this paper, the microstructure, phase evolution, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of Mo2FeB2 cermets prepared by the vacuum sintering (VM-Mo2FeB2) and arc cladding welding metallurgy method (WM-Mo2FeB2) were systematically studied. The results show that VM-Mo2FeB2 is composed of Mo2FeB2 and γ-CrFeNi.WM-Mo2FeB2 is composed of Mo2FeB2, NiCrFe, MoCrFe and Cr2B3. The volume fraction of hard phase in WM-Mo2FeB2 is lower than that of VM-Mo2FeB2, and its hardness and corrosion resistance are also slightly lower than that of VM-Mo2FeB2, but there are obvious pores in the microstructure of VM-Mo2FeB2, which affects its properties. The results show that WM-Mo2FeB2 has good diffusion and metallurgical bonding with the matrix and has no obvious pores. The microstructure is compact and the wear resistance is better than that of VM-Mo2FeB2.

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7

Zhang, Yingying, Zhengjun Liu, and Dongming Li. "Influence of Aging Temperature on Metallurgy, Impact Toughness and Pitting Behavior of Flux-Cored Arc Welded 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Joint." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 62, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 756–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.mt-m2020331.

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8

Shinkin, Vladimir N. "Tubes’ Rupture at Faulty Fusion of Welding Seam." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 868–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.868.

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In the straight-seam tubes, the appearance of defects in the area of the welding seam welded under the flux layer and the seam geometry are closely related to the technology and metallurgy of welding process. Possible defects are the pores, incisions, slag inclusions and cracks. The pores can appear in different shapes, with different distribution and in different amounts during the solidification of welding seam. When molten metal solidifies, the gas bubbles can come to the surface or remain inside the metal. The incisions may occur due to the fact that the juncture is not completely filled. Such incisions, passing most often along the edge of welding seam, are explained by the discrepancy between the amount of metal deposited per unit of time and the volume of the juncture. The occurrence of the slag inclusions is determined by the metallurgical reactions between the slag and the drop, separating from the end of the electrode, as well as the bath of molten metal. The cracks differ depending on the size, the nature of location and the causes. There are the macro-cracks and micro-cracks, the hot and cold cracks. In this paper the critical in-tube pressure, at which the destruction of tube occurs at the partial faulty fusion of the tube’s welding seam, is obtained. The results can be used in the diagnosis of the causes of the destruction of the steel large-diameter tubes of the main gas-oil tube-lines.

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9

Radek, Norbert, Jacek Pietraszek, Aneta Gądek-Moszczak, Łukasz J. Orman, and Agnieszka Szczotok. "The Morphology and Mechanical Properties of ESD Coatings before and after Laser Beam Machining." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 19, 2020): 2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102331.

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Electro-spark deposition (ESD) and laser beam machining (LBM) are the technologies using the concentrated energy flux. This paper deals with the issue of the impact of laser modification on the morphology and mechanical properties of carbide/copper coatings produced by electro-spark treatment. The coatings were applied to C45 carbon steel samples using the EIL-8A device. The following three types of electrodes made using the powder metallurgy (PM) hot pressing technique, from copper and tungsten carbide powders of different percentage compositions, were used for the coatings: 25% WC and 75% Cu; 50% WC and 50% Cu; and 75% WC and 25% Cu. Laser modification of the surface layers was performed with an Nd:YAG laser. The research focused on the analysis of the morphology of coatings applied by electro-spark technology before and after laser processing. The analysis of the morphology of electro-spark coatings revealed that the coatings had microcracks and pores. The laser beam machining of ESD coatings led to the homogenization of chemical composition, fragmentation of the structure, and elimination of microcracks. In addition, measurements of porosity, microhardness, adhesion, and analysis of XRD phase composition of the electro-spark coatings were performed. Laser processing proved to have a positive effect on improving the adhesion of coatings and reducing their porosity. This paper also presents a simulation model of heat transfer processes for the case of laser radiation impact on a WC-Cu coating. The developed numerical model, describing the influence of laser treatment on the distribution of temperature fields in the heated material (at a given depth) is of significant importance in the development of treatment technologies. Laser-modified ESD coatings perform anti-wear and protective functions, which enable their potential application in means of transport such as rolling stock.

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10

Qi, Li Qiang, and Jiang Liu. "Study of Metallurgical Industry Smoke Characteristics and the Affect to the Performance of Electrical Precipitator." Advanced Materials Research 402 (November 2011): 371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.402.371.

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Metallurgy industry is an important part of national economy, thereinto, steel enterprise is the most important part, and it has become a significant symbol of comprehensive national strength. According to the analysis, in the Large and medium-sized Steel enterprise the effect of energy saving and emission reduction is obvious, But the process equipment behind of small and medium-sized enterprises, high energy consumption and discharge many pollutants. In order to reach require, Electrical precipitator has been widely used. In this text, we make comprehensive narrative for metallurgy industry characteristics of flue gas, and analyze the affect of flue gas to electrical precipitator, finally, we put forward some constructive measures and suggests.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flux (Metallurgy) Steel"

1

Ndiabintu, Mukadi Jean-Jacques. "Effect of mould flux on scale adhesion to reheated stainless steel slabs." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11262009-192807/.

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2

Haji, Amini Shahriar School of Chemical Engineering &amp Industrial Chemistry UNSW. "Dissolution rate and diffusivity of lime in steelmaking slag and development of fluoride-free fluxes." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22469.

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A rotating disk technique was used to determine the dissolution rate and diffusivity of CaO and MgO in slags. The dissolution rate was deduced from the measured changes in concentration of oxides in slag with respect to reaction time. The experimental set- up was initially tested with dissolution of magnesia in the CaO ??? 55 wt% Al2O3 slag at 1430 ??C and a measured rate of 2.7 ??10 -5 g/cm2.s was obtained. The dissolution rate was increased by slag chemistry and ranged from 6.5??10-5 to 2.1??10-4 g/cm2.s. The dissolution rate of CaO was measured in CaO ??? 42 wt% Al2O3 ??? 8% SiO2 based slag. The measured dissolution rates were found to be strongly dependent on the slag chemistry and temperature and ranged from 5.03??10 -5 to 3.3??10 -4 g/cm2.s. The dissolution rates were strongly dependent on the rotation speed and results indicate mass transfer in the slag phase to be rate- limiting step. The diffusivity of MgO / CaO was calculated from the dissolution rate and solubility data, using known mass transfer correlations. The diffusivity of MgO in the calcium aluminate slag at 1430 ??C was found to be about 1.1??10-5 cm2/s. Additions of 5 and 10 wt% Fe2O3 increased the diffusivity by a factor ~ 1.5 to 3, respectively. However, with introduction of (CaF2 5 wt% + Fe2O3 5 wt%) and (CaF2 5 wt% + Fe2O3 10 wt%) in the slag, the diffusivity increased considerably by a factor of about 29 and 11, respectively. The diffusivity of CaO in calcium aluminosilicate was measured to be in the order of 10-6 to 10-5 over a temperature range of 1430 ??? 1600 ??C. CaF2 increased the diffusivity by a factor of 3 to 5 while MnOx and FeOx, ilmenite and TiO 2 increased the diffusivity substantially and SiO2 had an opposite effect. The measured diffusivities are in accord with published data on comparable systems and are discussed with reference to Eyring theory. It was concluded that MnOx, FeOx and ilmenite in the slag increase the dissolution rate and diffusivity of lime, showing comparable results with respect to CaF2.

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3

Bothma, Jan Andries. "Heat transfer through mould flux with titanium oxide additions." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10182007-161313/.

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4

Du, Plessis John. "Control of diffusible weld metal hydrogen through arc chemistry modifications." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05152007-131110.

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5

Mukongo, Tshikele. "Effect of titanium pick-up on mould flux viscosity in continuous casting of titanium-stabilised stainless steel." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28075.

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The behaviour of mould fluxes used in continuous casting of two Ti-stabilised stainless steels was investigated in terms of the level of titanium pick-up by the flux and the effect of this absorption of titanium on the viscosity of the fluxes. The two fluxes considered are respectively used for the casting of a ferritic steel (type 409) and an austenitic steel (type 321). Concerning the titanium pick-up (expressed as Ti02), the Ti02 content of the flux stabilised at about 3-4% for the mould flux of the ferritic steel and at about 6% for the mould flux of the austenitic steel after 20 minutes of casting. At the same time due to the reduction of Si02 in the molten flux by TiN and Ti in the steel the basicity of the mould flux of the ferritic steel increased from 0.8 to 0.9 while it increased from 0.95 to 1.2 for the mould flux of the austenitic steel. The SEM/EDS analysis of the sampled flux during casting showed only some spherical metallic droplets in the case of the mould flux of the ferritic steel but for the mould flux of the austenitic steel apart from the metallic droplets, some precipitates rich in Ca, Ti and O were identified in the glassy phases. Rotational viscometry carried out on the two fluxes showed that there is a decrease in the viscosity of the fluxes with the absorption of Ti02, Ti2O3 and Ti3O5 in the range of 2 to 10 wt%, for temperatures from 1400°C to 1200°C. The effect of Ti02 and Ti2O3 has been tested with the mould flux of the austenitic steel at a basicity of 1.2 to match the basicity which arises during casting. For temperatures of 12500C and below, the apparent viscosity of the flux increased markedly with the absorption of 10 % of Ti02 or Ti2O3. In both cases precipitation of perovskite (Ca2 Ti2O6 or Ca2 Ti2O5) was found to be responsible for the increase of the apparent viscosity of the flux of the austenitic steel.
Dissertation (M Eng (Metallurgical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering
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Books on the topic "Flux (Metallurgy) Steel"

1

United States International Trade Commission. Calcium aluminate flux from France. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1994.

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Commission, United States International Trade. Calcium aluminate flux from France. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1994.

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3

American Welding Society. Committee on Filler Metal., ed. Specification for low-alloy steel electrodes and rods for gas shielded arc welding. Miami, Fla: American Welding Society, 1990.

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4

American Welding Society. Committee on Welding Qualification. and American Welding Society. Technical Activities Committee., eds. Standard welding procedure specification (WPS) COb2s shielded flux cored arc welding of carbon steel: (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2) 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch thick, E70T-1 and E71T-1, as-welded condition. Miami, FL: American Welding Society, 1994.

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5

American Welding Society. Committee on Welding Qualification. and American Welding Society. Technical Activities Committee., eds. Standard welding procedure specification (WPS) 75% Ar/25% CO shielded flux cored arc welding of carbon steel: (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2) 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch thick, E70T-1 and E71T-1 as-welded or PWHT condition. Miami, FL: American Welding Society, 1994.

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6

American Welding Society. Committee on Welding Qualification. and American Welding Society. Technical Activities Committee., eds. Standard welding procedure specification (WPS) self-shielded flux cored arc welding of carbon steel: (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch thick, E71T-8, as-welded condition. Miami, FL: American Welding Society, 1994.

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7

Results of Charpy V-notch impact testing of structural steel specimens irradiated at 3̃0 ̊C to 1 x 10¹⁶ neutrons/cm² in a commercial reactors cavity. Washington, D.C: Division of Engineering Technology, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1997.

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