Journal articles: 'Flux Map'

1

Turk, Nikola, Dominik Cikač, Neven Bulić, and Stefano Barbanti. "A Novel Experimental Method for Identifying the Flux Linkage Map of a High-Power Medium-Voltage Electrically Excited Synchronous Machine with Double Stator Winding." Machines 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2022): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10030187.

Full text

Abstract:

Accurate knowledge of the magnitude and position of the magnetic flux is essential for implementing field-oriented control (FOC) and achieving high-performance behaviour of AC drives. For estimating the flux in a wide range of speeds, so-called hybrid flux estimators, which are a combination of current-model and voltage-model based estimators, are usually used. Since the inductances are used as parameters in the current model, knowledge of the actual flux–current relationship, i.e., of the actual flux linkage map, is inevitable. In this paper, a novel experimental method for identifying the flux linkage map of an electrically excited synchronous machine (EESM) with double stator winding is proposed, which, unlike most existing experimental methods, does not require an additional machine to be used as a load. The flux is determined for different operating points to which the unloaded and sped-up machine is brought to by injecting d- and q-axis stator current components, whereby the current controllers are used to keep them constant for a certain operating point. The proposed method has been used to identify the flux linkage map of a medium-voltage EESM with double stator winding. A more than acceptable accuracy confirmed by comparison with three different analytical methods, together with the fact that it does not require a complex experimental setup, makes the proposed method suitable for the identification of a machine’s flux linkage map in an industrial environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Collado, Francisco J., and Jesus Guallar. "Fast and reliable flux map on cylindrical receivers." Solar Energy 169 (July 2018): 556–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.05.037.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Bryson, James W., John C. Lee, and Jeré A. Hassberger. "Optimal Flux Map Generation Through Parameter Estimation Techniques." Nuclear Science and Engineering 114, no. 3 (July 1993): 238–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse93-a24037.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

SINGH, HARVENDRA. "GALILEAN TYPE IIA BACKGROUNDS AND A MAP." Modern Physics Letters A 26, no. 19 (June 21, 2011): 1443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732311035791.

Full text

Abstract:

We study nonrelativistic AdS4×CP3 solutions with dynamical exponent 3 in type IIA string theory, both with and without Romans mass. The compactifications to four dimensions are found to describe Proca fields in anti-de Sitter spacetime. This leads us to conclude that the massive and massless IIA theories should be identified in four dimensions and the Romans' mass should be identified with the "flux" along CP3. From supergravity point of view, it suggests a four-dimensional symmetry that rotates Romans mass into the flux along CP3. We also identify M-theory Galilean (ABJM) background which gives rise to the nonrelativistic type IIA solution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Ramadoss, Janarthanan, Asma Alharbi, Karthikeyan Rajagopal, and Salah Boulaaras. "A fractional-order discrete memristor neuron model: Nodal and network dynamics." Electronic Research Archive 30, no. 11 (2022): 3977–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/era.2022202.

Full text

Abstract:

<abstract><p>We discuss the dynamics of a fractional order discrete neuron model with electromagnetic flux coupling. The discussed neuron model is a simple one-dimensional map which is modified by considering flux coupling. We consider a discrete fractional order memristor to mimic the effects of electromagnetic flux on the neuron model. The bifurcation dynamics of the fractional order neuron map show an inverse period-doubling route to chaos as a function of control parameters, namely the fractional order of the map and the flux coupling coefficient. The bifurcation dynamics of the systems are derived both in the time and frequency domains. We present a two-parameter phase diagram using the Lyapunov exponent to categorize the various dynamics present in the system. In addition to the Lyapunov exponent, we use the entropy of the model to distinguish the various dynamics of the systems. To investigate the network behavior of the fractional order neuron map, a lattice array of $ N\times N $ nodes is constructed and external periodic stimuli are applied to the network. The formation of spiral waves in the network and the impact of various parameters, like the fractional order, flux coupling coefficient and the coupling strength on the wave propagation are also considered in our analysis.</p></abstract>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Griffiths, A. D., W. Zahorowski, A. Element, and S. Werczynski. "A map of radon flux at the Australian land surface." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 6 (June 9, 2010): 14313–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-14313-2010.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. A time-dependent map of radon-222 flux density at the Australian land surface has been constructed with a spatial resolution of 0.05° and temporal resolution of one month. Radon flux density was calculated from a simple model utilising data from national gamma-ray aerial surveys, modelled soil moisture, and maps of soil properties. The model was calibrated against a large data set of accumulation-chamber measurements, thereby constraining it with experimental data. A notable application of the map is in atmospheric mixing and transport studies which use radon as a tracer, where it is a clear improvement on the common assumption of uniform radon flux density.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Griffiths, A. D., W. Zahorowski, A. Element, and S. Werczynski. "A map of radon flux at the Australian land surface." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 18 (September 27, 2010): 8969–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8969-2010.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. A time-dependent map of radon-222 flux density at the Australian land surface has been constructed with a spatial resolution of 0.05° and temporal resolution of one month. Radon flux density was calculated from a simple model utilising data from national gamma-ray aerial surveys; modelled soil moisture, available from 1900 in near real-time; and maps of soil properties. The model was calibrated against a data set of accumulation chamber measurements, thereby constraining it with experimental data. A notable application of the map is in atmospheric mixing and transport studies which use radon as a tracer, where it is a clear improvement on the common assumption of uniform radon flux density.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Kandlikar, S. G. "Development of a Flow Boiling Map for Subcooled and Saturated Flow Boiling of Different Fluids Inside Circular Tubes." Journal of Heat Transfer 113, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910524.

Full text

Abstract:

The thermal behavior of a flow boiling system is represented by a flow boiling map to illustrate visually the relationships among various system parameters. An earlier flow boiling map by Collier (1981) does not include the effect of mass flux and is specific to water at low pressures. For other fluids, significant departures from the parametric trends displayed in Collier’s map have been reported in the literature (e.g., Kandlikar, 1988b). In the present paper, a new flow boiling map is developed to depict the relationships among the heat transfer coefficient, quality, heat flux, and mass flux for different fluids in the subcooled and the saturated flow boiling regions. The trends observed in the experimental data and correlations for water and refrigerants are used in deriving the present map. The particular areas where further investigation is needed to validate the trends are also indicated. In the subcooled boiling region, hTP/hlo is plotted against x with Bo as a parameter, while in the saturated boiling region, hTP/hlo is plotted against x with ρl/ρg and a modified boiling number Bo* as parameters. It is hoped that the map would prove to be helpful in explaining the role of different heat transfer mechanisms in flow boiling of different fluids.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Punjabi, Alkes, Arun Verma, and Allen Boozer. "The simple map for a single-null divertor tokamak." Journal of Plasma Physics 56, no. 3 (December 1996): 569–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800019474.

Full text

Abstract:

We present the simple map for a single-null divertor tokamak. The simple map is an area-preserving map based on the idea that magnetic field lines are a single-degree- of-freedom time-dependent Hamiltonian system, and that the basic features of such systems near the X-point are generic. We obtain the properties of this map and the resulting footprints of field lines on the divertor plate. These include the width of the stochastic layer, the edge safety factor, the area of the footprint and the amount of magnetic flux diverted. We give the safety factor profile, the average and median values of strike angles, lengths and the Liapunov exponents. We describe how the effects of magnetic perturbations can be included in the simple map. We show how the map can be applied to the problem of the determination of heat flux on the divertor plate in tokamaks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Firmbach, Markus, Arnd Bäcker, and Roland Ketzmerick. "Partial barriers to chaotic transport in 4D symplectic maps." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 33, no. 1 (January 2023): 013125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0130682.

Full text

Abstract:

Chaotic transport in Hamiltonian systems is often restricted due to the presence of partial barriers, leading to a limited flux between different regions in phase space. Typically, the most restrictive partial barrier in a 2D symplectic map is based on a cantorus, the Cantor set remnants of a broken 1D torus. For a 4D symplectic map, we establish a partial barrier based on what we call a cantorus-NHIM—a normally hyperbolic invariant manifold with the structure of a cantorus. Using a flux formula, we determine the global 4D flux across a partial barrier based on a cantorus-NHIM by approximating it with high-order periodic NHIMs. In addition, we introduce a local 3D flux depending on the position along a resonance channel, which is relevant in the presence of slow Arnold diffusion. Moreover, for a partial barrier composed of stable and unstable manifolds of a NHIM, we utilize periodic NHIMs to quantify the corresponding flux.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Nel, A. E., S. Pollack, G. Landreth, J. A. Ledbetter, L. Hultin, K. Williams, R. Katz, and B. Akerley. "CD-3-mediated activation of MAP-2 kinase can be modified by ligation of the CD4 receptor. Evidence for tyrosine phosphorylation during activation of this kinase." Journal of Immunology 145, no. 3 (August 1, 1990): 971–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.145.3.971.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The CD4R has been shown to exert variable effects on T cell activation responses. Depending on the manner of ligation, the CD4R has been demonstrated to have positive as well as negative effects on the generation of [Ca2+]i flux by the CD3R. Coaggregation of CD3 with CD4 enhanced Ca2+ flux while their independent ligation and aggregation diminished this response. To further elucidate these paradoxical CD4 effects, we studied induction of a microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase (MAP-2K) activity during ligation of the CD3R. Lymphoid MAP-2K activation by CD3 is an evanescent event that is dependent on phosphorylation of 43-kDa MAP-2K via a pathway that involves protein kinase C. Coaggregation of CD4 and CD3 with cross-linking antibodies and avidin enhanced the CD3-mediated MAP-2K response almost twofold. In contrast, independent ligation and cross-linking of CD4 reduced the CD3-induced MAP-2K response by approximately 50%. An important requirement for this inhibitory effect was that CD4 be ligated before stimulation with anti-CD3. The negative effect of anti-CD4 mAb was specific as other mAb failed to simulate this event. The PMA-induced MAP-2K response was not inhibited by anti-CD4. Intact 32P-labeled Jurkat and normal human T cells demonstrated the appearance of a single 43-kDa tyrosine phosphoprotein during stimulation with PMA and anti-CD3. When these crude cellular extracts were extensively fractionated across DEAE- and hydrophobic columns, MAP-2K was resolved into two peaks of activity, each containing a single tyrosine phosphoprotein around 43 kDa. In addition to tyrosine-specific labeling, mitogenic stimulation of normal human T cells also induced threonine-specific labeling of MAP-2K. These results imply that activation of lymphoid MAP-2K is a dual process requiring at least two independent kinases for optimal activity. Inasmuch as CD3 activates protein kinase C and CD4 is associated with a tyrosine kinase, pp56lck, we suggest that their coaggregation may create the conditions whereby MAP-2K may be activated by dual phosphorylation. Independent aggregation of these receptors may lead to physical separation and breakdown of this interactive mechanism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Chen, Q., and J. D. Meiss. "Flux, resonances and the devil's staircase for the sawtooth map." Nonlinearity 2, no. 2 (May 1, 1989): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0951-7715/2/2/009.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Lomelı́, Héctor E., and James D. Meiss. "Heteroclinic orbits and Flux in a perturbed integrable Suris map." Physics Letters A 269, no. 5-6 (May 2000): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(00)00264-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Roscioli, J. R., D. J. Bell, D. J. Nelson, and D. J. Nesbitt. "State-resolved velocity map imaging of surface-scattered molecular flux." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14, no. 12 (2012): 4070–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1cp22938a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Yang, Tao, Lloyd Muzangwa, Ralf I. Kaiser, Adeel Jamal, and Keiji Morokuma. "A combined crossed molecular beam and theoretical investigation of the reaction of the meta-tolyl radical with vinylacetylene – toward the formation of methylnaphthalenes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 33 (2015): 21564–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp03285g.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Hasegawa, H., B. U. Ö. Sonnerup, C. J. Owen, B. Klecker, G. Paschmann, A. Balogh, and H. Rème. "The structure of flux transfer events recovered from Cluster data." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 2 (March 23, 2006): 603–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-603-2006.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The structure and formation mechanism of a total of five Flux Transfer Events (FTEs), encountered on the equatorward side of the northern cusp by the Cluster spacecraft, with separation of ~5000 km, are studied by applying the Grad-Shafranov (GS) reconstruction technique to the events. The technique generates a magnetic field/plasma map of the FTE cross section, using combined magnetic field and plasma data from all four spacecraft, under the assumption that the structure is two-dimensional (2-D) and time-independent. The reconstructed FTEs consist of one or more magnetic flux ropes embedded in the magnetopause, suggesting that multiple X-line reconnection was involved in generating the observed FTEs. The dimension of the flux ropes in the direction normal to the magnetopause ranges from about 2000 km to more than 1 RE. The orientation of the flux rope axis can be determined through optimization of the GS map, the result being consistent with those from various single-spacecraft methods. Thanks to this, the unambiguous presence of a strong core field is confirmed, providing evidence for component merging. The amount of magnetic flux contained within each flux rope is calculated from the map and, by dividing it by the time interval between the preceding FTE and the one reconstructed, a lower limit of the reconnection electric field during the creation of the flux rope can be estimated; the estimated value ranges from ~0.11 to ~0.26 mV m-1, with an average of 0.19 mV m-1. This can be translated to the reconnection rate of 0.038 to 0.074, with an average of 0.056. Based on the success of the 2-D model in recovering the observed FTEs, the length of the X-lines is estimated to be at least a few RE.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Crawford, David F. "On the Measurement of Slightly Extended Sources." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 8, no. 1 (1989): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000022980.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractA general method is described for estimating the position, integrated flux density and the second moments of the flux density distribution for sources in a two dimensional map. The method requires accurate knowledge of the beam shape of the telescope. Uncertainty estimates and significance levels of the source parameters are easily obtained.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Rahaman, Majidul, Ramij Raja, Abhirup Datta, Jack O. Burns, Brian Alden, and David Rapetti. "An X-ray and radio study of the Hubble Frontier Field cluster Abell S1063." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 505, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 480–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1225.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT We present results from Chandra X-ray observations and 325 MHz Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) observations of the massive and X-ray luminous cluster of galaxies Abell S1063. We report the detection of large-scale ‘excess brightness’ in the residual Chandra X-ray surface brightness map that extends at least 2.7 Mpc towards the north-east from the centre of the cluster. We also present a high fidelity X-ray flux and temperature map using Chandra archival data of 122 ks that shows the disturbed morphology in the cluster. The residual flux map shows the first observational confirmation of the merging axis proposed in earlier simulations. The average temperature within R500 is 11.7 ± 0.56 keV that makes AS1063 one of the hottest clusters in the nearby Universe. The integrated radio flux density at 325 MHz is found to be 62.0 ± 6.3 mJy. The integrated spectrum of the radio halo follows a power law with a spectral index α = −1.43 ± 0.13. The radio halo is found to be significantly under-luminous that favored for both the hadronic as well as the turbulent re-acceleration mechanism for its origin.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Lee, Ki-Doek, Jeong-Jong Lee, Myung-Hwan Yoon, and Joon-Sung Park. "Design Method for Flux-Concentrating Permanent-Magnet Traction Machine Based on Voltage-Parameter Map." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 5311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175311.

Full text

Abstract:

A voltage-parameter map (VP-Map) is proposed for predicting the performance of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid EVs (HEVs), which varies with respect to the parameters in a variable load and flux-weakening range, and determining the design parameters. Through this, the maximum torque that can be generated at the maximum speed, the input current for generation of the rated torque, and whether the vehicle is operable with a light load are predicted, and the design parameters suitable for the 120-kW class interior permanent-magnet (PM) synchronous motor for HEVs, which is the target electric motor of this study, are determined. A flux-concentrating PM synchronous motor (FCPMSM) is proposed that can be designed using the desired design parameters depending on the degree of the flux concentration. The validity of the VP-Map was verified by analyzing the characteristics of three types of FCPMSMs with different parameter combinations, and a PM synchronous motor for an EV having a high output, high efficiency, and high-power factor was designed. Lastly, the requirements were checked, and the analysis was validated by testing the designed motor.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Yang, Dongxu, Yi Liu, Liang Feng, Jing Wang, Lu Yao, Zhaonan Cai, Sihong Zhu, Naimeng Lu, and Daren Lyu. "The First Global Carbon Dioxide Flux Map Derived from TanSat Measurements." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 38, no. 9 (July 22, 2021): 1433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-1179-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Baker, D., D. H. Brooks, P. Démoulin, Lidia van Driel-Gesztelyi, L. M. Green, K. Steed, and J. Carlyle. "FIP bias in a sigmoidal active region." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S300 (June 2013): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313011009.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWe investigate first ionization potential (FIP) bias levels in an anemone active region (AR) - coronal hole (CH) complex using an abundance map derived from Hinode/EIS spectra. The detailed, spatially resolved abundance map has a large field of view covering 359″ × 485″. Plasma with high FIP bias, or coronal abundances, is concentrated at the footpoints of the AR loops whereas the surrounding CH has a low FIP bias, ~1, i.e. photospheric abundances. A channel of low FIP bias is located along the AR's main polarity inversion line containing a filament where ongoing flux cancellation is observed, indicating a bald patch magnetic topology characteristic of a sigmoid/flux rope configuration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Abdul Wahid, Ruwaida, Wei Lun Ang, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Daniel James Johnson, and Nidal Hilal. "Evaluating Fertilizer-Drawn Forward Osmosis Performance in Treating Anaerobic Palm Oil Mill Effluent." Membranes 11, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080566.

Full text

Abstract:

Fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) is a potential alternative to recover and reuse water and nutrients from agricultural wastewater, such as palm oil mill effluent that consists of 95% water and is rich in nutrients. This study investigated the potential of commercial fertilizers as draw solution (DS) in FDFO to treat anaerobic palm oil mill effluent (An-POME). The process parameters affecting FO were studied and optimized, which were then applied to fertilizer selection based on FO performance and fouling propensity. Six commonly used fertilizers were screened and assessed in terms of pure water flux (Jw) and reverse salt flux (JS). Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP), and potassium chloride (KCl) were further evaluated with An-POME. MAP showed the best performance against An-POME, with a high average water flux, low flux decline, the highest performance ratio (PR), and highest water recovery of 5.9% for a 4-h operation. In a 24-h fouling run, the average flux decline and water recovered were 84% and 15%, respectively. Both hydraulic flushing and osmotic backwashing cleaning were able to effectively restore the water flux. The results demonstrated that FDFO using commercial fertilizers has the potential for the treatment of An-POME for water recovery. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to address challenges such as JS and the dilution factor of DS for direct use of fertigation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Jun, Sung-Bae, Chan-Ho Kim, JuKyung Cha, Jin Hwan Lee, Yong-Jae Kim, and Sang-Yong Jung. "A Novel Method for Establishing an Efficiency Map of IPMSMs for EV Propulsion Based on the Finite-Element Method and a Neural Network." Electronics 10, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091049.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, we introduce a novel method for establishing an efficiency map of interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors that are used for electric vehicle propulsion, by employing the finite-element method (FEM) and a neural network (NN) to reduce the analysis time. The electro-magnetic analysis of motors using the FEM, particularly iron loss analysis, is significantly time-consuming owing to the nonlinearity and the post-processing. Moreover, to obtain an efficiency map, a data map of the d-q flux linkages based on the d-q currents should be established. At this stage, we compute the flux densities in all the elements, and they are learned by the NN to obtain a function of the d-q currents. Subsequently, the iron losses at all operating points are calculated using the learned data via the harmonic loss method. The results of the proposed method indicate that the time required to obtain the efficiency map is reduced; furthermore, the results are validated via a comparison with the FEM results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Marková, Lucie. "Women in a Men’s Collective in the 1970s and 1980s." History in flux 3, no. 3 (December 22, 2021): 177–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/flux.2021.3.8.

Full text

Abstract:

For many years, the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra was an exclusively male organization despite the increasing number of women in Czechoslovakia joining the workforce. This paper, which is based on oral history interviews with members of the orchestra, the paper will attempt to identify the reasons why almost no women were employed there during the period of Czechoslovak Socialism and under what kind of conditions the only two female members worked. Through interpretation and depth analysis of the oral history interview with one of the two female musicians employed by the Philharmonic before 1989, the paper will primarily map the issue of how women reconciled work and family life, which was considered one of the main obstacles for female musicians, while also taking into consideration the Philharmonic’s prestige and its frequent tours abroad. The acquired experience of a female musician is interpreted within the context of male narratives and is embedded in the study’s theoretical framework. This framework is defined by the available research on women’s emancipation and transformations of the gender order of the Czechoslovak socialist society, as well as research comparing the career patterns of musicians (both female and male) and the inclusion of women in the world’s leading symphony orchestras.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Magritsky, D. V. "A New Method for Calculating the Heat Flux of Rivers in the Absence of Gauging-Station Data." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences 40 (2022): 82–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2022.40.82.

Full text

Abstract:

In the paper, a comparative analysis of previously developed methods for calculating the heat flux of rivers in the absence of gauging-station data are given, and a new method for such calculations is proposed. It is based on the Maps of specific annual heat flux of zonal rivers and empirical dependencies of heat flux on the average height of the catchment area. An example of such a map is the “Map of specific annual heat flux (MT, 109× kJ/km2) of rivers in the northeast of the Asian part of Russia” plotted on the data for the period from 1950/1955 to 2018 and on the basis of data from 112 gauging stations. General recommendations for calculating the annual heat flux of medium-sized rivers that do not have posts, the intra-annual distribution of heat flux, the values of heat flux at the mouths of large rivers are set out in the paper. The values of heat flux calculated for the marine mouths of region large rivers and the sections of seacoasts between these mouths are given as an example of the implementation of the new recommendations. The list of new materials that help calculations includes new maps of average monthly water temperatures (May-October), the dependence of water temperature and heat flux on the average height of the catchment area, the division of the territory of the Northeast Asian part of Russia into 10 altitude-thermal zones, the relationship between heat flux and water runoff, the catchment area of the river and other materials. In total, data from 34 weather stations, 231 posts with water temperatures and 145 posts with water discharges were used in the research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Souza, Carlos Henrique Eiterer de, Roberto dos A. Reis Jr, Victor Gustavo Soares Ribeiro, Murilo Mendes Machado, Miguel Martins Neto, and Paulo Henrique Soares. "Enhanced-Efficiency Phosphorous Fertilizer Impacts on Corn and Common Bean Crops and Soil Phosphorus Diffusion." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 7 (June 15, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n7p15.

Full text

Abstract:

Phosphorus (P) supply to crops is a major constraint on the quantity and quality of food production in tropical soils, which are often characterized by highly weathered soils having low phosphorus use efficiency. Increasing P fertilizer use efficiency is a good tool for increasing food production to feed an increasing world population. Enhanced efficiency P fertilizer is used to achieve this goal. The lack of information about soil P diffusive flux and corn and common bean yield response with increased efficiency P fertilizers justify studies to evaluate the performance of this type of fertilizer. The aims of this study were to evaluate P diffusive flux and corn and common bean crop response to P sources and rates. A laboratory trial was carried out to evaluate soil P diffusive flux in response to P sources (MAP and Policote coated MAP). Field trials were carried out to evaluate corn and common bean yields in response to P sources (MAP and Policote coated MAP) and rates. Policote, an additive based on water-soluble polymers, is an anionic copolymer with iron an aluminum affinity. Increasing contact time between P-fertilizers and soil reduced phosphorus diffusive flux. Policote coated P-fertilizer resulted in higher phosphorus diffusion than conventional phosphorus fertilizer. Phosphorus fertilization increased corn and common bean yields. Policote coated phosphorus fertilizer resulted in higher agronomic P efficiency use, corn, and common bean yields than conventional phosphorus fertilizer. Policote coated P fertilizer can be used as an enhanced efficiency fertilizer and is a more efficient way to deliver required phosphorous to plants. Reducing farm investment, increasing agricultural profits, preserve phosphatic rocks reserves, and avoid the overuse of phosphate fertilizer could be realized through the rational use of enhanced efficiency fertilizers and fertilizer rate use reduction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Peterson, H. M., J. L. Nieber, R. Kanivetsky, and B. Shmagin. "Regionalization of landscape characteristics to map hydrologic variables." Journal of Hydroinformatics 16, no. 3 (October 29, 2013): 633–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2013.051.

Full text

Abstract:

By integrating groundwater, surface water and vadose zone systems, the terrestrial hydrologic system can be used to spatially map water balance characteristics spanning local to global scales, even when long-term stream gauge data are unavailable. The Watershed Characteristics Approach (WCA) is a hydrologic estimation model developed using a system-based approach focused on the regionalization of landscape characteristics to define unique hierarchical hydrogeological units (HHUs) and establish their link to hydrologic characteristics. Although the WCA can be used to map any hydrologic variable, its validity is demonstrated by summarizing results generated by applying the methodology to quantify the renewable groundwater flux at a spatial scale lacking long-term stream gauge monitoring data. Landscape components for 97 East-Central Minnesota (ECM) watersheds were summarized and used to identify which unique combinations of characteristics statistically influenced mean annual minimum groundwater recharge. These resulting combinations of landscape characteristics defined each HHU; as additional characteristics were applied, units were refined to create a hierarchical organization. Results were mapped to spatially represent the renewable groundwater flux for ECM, demonstrating how hydrologic regionalization can address knowledge gaps in multi-scale processes and aid in quantifying water balance components, an essential key to sustainable water resources management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Desmurs, J. F., J. Alcolea, V. Bujarrabal, F. Colomer, and R. Soria-Ruiz. "Missing flux in VLBI observations of SiO maser at 7 mm in IRC+10011." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S336 (September 2017): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317009553.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractVLBI observations of SiO masers recover at most 40-50% of the total flux obtained by single dish observations at any spectral channel. Some previous studies seems to indicate that, at least, part of the lost flux is divided up into many weak components rather than in a large resolved emission area. Taking benefit of the high sensitivity and resolution of the HSA, we investigate the problem of the missing flux in VLBI observations of SiO maser emission at 7 mm in the AGB stars and obtain a high dynamic range map of IRC+10011. We conclude that the missing flux is mostly contained in many very weak maser components.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Kattan, N., J. R. Thome, and D. Favrat. "Flow Boiling in Horizontal Tubes: Part 1—Development of a Diabatic Two-Phase Flow Pattern Map." Journal of Heat Transfer 120, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2830037.

Full text

Abstract:

An improved two-phase flow pattern map is proposed for evaporation in horizontal tubes. The new map was developed based on flow pattern data for five different refrigerants covering a wide range of mass velocities and vapor qualities. The new map is valid for both adiabatic and diabatic (evaporating) flows and accurately identifies about 96 percent of the 702 data points. In addition, the new flow pattern map includes the prediction of the onset of dryout at the top of the tube during evaporation inside horizontal tubes as a function of heat flux and flow parameters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Kapoor, Surya Prakash, and Aastha Kapoor. "Amalgamation of Terrestrial Heat Flux Map and Sedimentary Basins Map will Reduce the Risk of Exploration of Hydrocarbons." Universal Journal of Geoscience 4, no. 1 (February 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujg.2016.040101.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Akar, Mehmet, Mustafa Eker, Mustafa Özsoy, and Harun Serhat Gerçekçioğlu. "Efficiency Analysis of Axial Flux SynRM in Variable Speed Applications." Machines 10, no. 10 (September 21, 2022): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10100838.

Full text

Abstract:

Electrical machines find their place in every field, such as industrial, transportation, home, and commercial sectors. The suitability of the electrical machine for the area in which it will be used is important in terms of energy efficiency. The selection of the motor to be used for variable speed applications such as electric vehicles is also very important. Torque and power are the determining factors in the required speed/torque or speed/power combination for electric vehicles. For this reason, the efficiency map of the motor to be used in electric vehicles should be known in detail. In this study, due to its advantages such as its lighter structure, absence of magnet, and rotor winding loss, among others, the Axial Flux Synchronous Reluctance Motor (AF-SynRM) was preferred, and it was aimed at creating an efficiency map. The motor parameters for the determined speed/torque combinations were first obtained with FEM. Then, the FEM results were experimentally verified. In order to make the obtained results more meaningful, the experimental results were compared with radial flux motors with the same output power. In addition, using FEM, von Mises stress analysis and displacement analysis were performed on the motor shaft under overload conditions to observe the mechanical effects on the moving parts of the AF-SynRM. Furthermore, mechanical load analysis on the bearings was also performed. The results show that AF-SynRM can be preferred as an alternative to other motor types, especially for applications requiring variable speed, such as electric vehicles. The study has created the efficiency map of the AF-SynRM topology for the first time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Yang, Tao, Dorian S. N. Parker, Beni B. Dangi, Ralf I. Kaiser, and Alexander M. Mebel. "Formation of 5- and 6-methyl-1H-indene (C10H10) via the reactions of the para-tolyl radical (C6H4CH3) with allene (H2CCCH2) and methylacetylene (HCCCH3) under single collision conditions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 16 (2015): 10510–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp04288c.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

He, Chao, Shane J. Goettl, Zhenghai Yang, Srinivas Doddipatla, Ralf I. Kaiser, Mateus Xavier Silva, and Breno R. L. Galvão. "Directed gas-phase preparation of the elusive phosphinosilylidyne (SiPH2, X2A′′) and cis/trans phosphinidenesilyl (HSiPH; X2A′) radicals under single-collision conditions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 34 (2021): 18506–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp02812j.

Full text

Abstract:

Center-of-mass flux contour map for the reactions of the D1-silylidyne radical (SiD; X2Π) with phosphine (PH3; X1A1) leading to the formation of phosphinidenesilyl (HSiPH/DSiPH) and phosphinosilylidyne (SiPH2).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Kumar, Anand. "The dobutamine oxygen flux test: A road map to outcome in sepsis?" Critical Care Medicine 27, no. 11 (November 1999): 2571–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199911000-00042.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Sánchez-González, Alberto, Benjamin Grange, and Cyril Caliot. "Computation of canting errors in heliostats by flux map fitting: experimental assessment." Optics Express 28, no. 26 (December 16, 2020): 39868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.412116.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Dai, Guilong, Ying Zhuang, Xiaoyu Wang, Xue Chen, Chuang Sun, and Shenghua Du. "Experimental Investigation on the Vector Characteristics of Concentrated Solar Radiation Flux Map." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010136.

Full text

Abstract:

It is difficult to measure the concentrated solar radiation flux (CSRF) inside a cavity receiver directly due to the complex geometry of cavity receivers. At present, most reports measure the CSRF at the aperture plane (generally coinciding with the focal plane of solar concentrators) of the cavity receiver instead of at the absorber wall, which would result in serious aberration because of the obvious difference in configuration between the aperture plane and the absorber wall. To obtain the CSRF at the absorber wall with complex geometry, the vector characteristics (consisting of both directional distributions and spatial distributions) of the CSRF at the focal plane were measured using developed double water-cooled Lambertian targets together with a CCD (charge-coupled device) camera. Then the CSRF images at the absorber wall of a hemisphere cavity receiver were carried out by applying MCRTM (Monte Carlo ray-tracing method) in combination with the measured vector results of the CSRF at the aperture plane. Results show that the directional distributions of the CSRF at the aperture plane are rather nonhomogeneous along the zenith angle and the circumferential angle. The directional distribution performance of the CSRF at the focal plane plays an equally important role in the CSRF images of the cavity receivers. In addition, the relative error of the peak CSRF value of the cavity receiver between the uniform and the measured directional distribution cases is up to 16%. The conclusions provide an important reference for the development of the CSRF measurement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Paudel, M. S., P. Bhandari, and S. Bhattarai. "Study of Dust Cavity around the White Dwarf WD 0352-049 in Infrared Astronomical Satellite Map." Journal of Nepal Physical Society 7, no. 2 (August 6, 2021): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v7i2.38631.

Full text

Abstract:

In this work, we have studied the far-infrared images of the dust cavity around the White Dwarf WD 0352-049 available in Infrared Astronomical Satellite Map from Sky View Observatory. The size of the cavity is 24.48 pc × 8.10 pc. We have studied the relative infrared flux density and calculated the dust color temperature and dust mass. The temperature of the whole cavity structure lies between a maximum value 24.09 ± 0.50 K to a minimum 21.87 ± 0.61K with fluctuation of 2.22 K and an average value of 23.09 ± 1.11 K. The small fluctuation of dust color temperature suggests that the dust in cavity structure is evolving independently and less disturbed from background radiation sources. The color map shows the identical distribution of flux at 60 μm and 100 μm and the inverse distribution of dust color temperature and dust mass. There is a Gaussian-like distribution of relative flux density, dust color temperature and dust mass. The Gaussian distribution of temperature suggests that the dusts in cavity are in local thermodynamic equilibrium. The study of relative flux density and dust color temperature along the major and minor axis shows there is a sinusoidal fluctuation of flux and temperature, which might be due to the wind generated by White Dwarf located nearby the center of the cavity structure. The total dust mass of the dust is found to be 0.07 Mʘ and that of gas is 13.66 Mʘ. The Jeans mass of the structure is less than the total mass of gas in the structure, suggesting the possibility of star formation activity by gravitational collapse in the future. Also, the study of inclination angle suggests that the three-dimensional shape of the structure is uniform and regularly shaped.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

He, Chao, Kazuumi Fujioka, Anatoliy A. Nikolayev, Long Zhao, Srinivas Doddipatla, Valeriy N. Azyazov, Alexander M. Mebel, Rui Sun, and Ralf I. Kaiser. "A chemical dynamics study of the reaction of the methylidyne radical (CH, X²Π) with dimethylacetylene (CH₃CCCH₃, X¹A_1g)." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 24, no. 1 (2022): 578–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp04443e.

Full text

Abstract:

Center-of-mass flux contour map for the reaction of the methylidyne (CH; X2Π) radical with dimethylacetylene (CH3CCCH3; X1A1g) leading to the formation of 1-methyl-3-methylenecyclopropene (13%) and 1-penten-3-yne (81%).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Park, Chang Geun, Byung Hun Son, and Jae Seob Kwak. "A Study on Deburring Process of Micro Channel Using Ep and MAP Hybrid Process." Advanced Materials Research 741 (August 2013): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.741.39.

Full text

Abstract:

Magnetic abrasive polishing is one of the most promising finishing methods applicable to complex surfaces. Nevertheless this process has a low efficiency when applied to very hardened materials. For this reason, EP-MAP hybrid process was developed. EP-MAP process is expected to machine complex and hardened materials.In this study, deburring process using EP-MAP hybrid process was proposed. EP-MAP hybrid deburring process is applied to micro channel, and thereby it can obtain both deburring process and polishing process. To evaluate the performance criteria of the EP-MAP hybrid deburring process, EP-MAP hybrid deburring process on the micro channel was performed. Through investigating the effect of working parameters, namely magnetic flux density, electric potential, working gap and feed rate, error of height and surface roughness according to working parameter is analyzed using design of experiment method.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Fan, Y., and G. Miguez-Macho. "Potential groundwater contribution to Amazon evapotranspiration." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 4 (July 30, 2010): 5131–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-5131-2010.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Climate and land ecosystem models simulate a dry-season vegetation stress in the Amazon forest, but observations show enhanced growth in response to higher radiation under less cloudy skies, indicating an adequate water supply. Proposed mechanisms include larger soil water store and deeper roots in nature and the ability of roots to move water up and down (hydraulic redistribution). Here we assess the importance of the upward soil water flux from the groundwater driven by capillarity. We present a map of water table depth from observations and groundwater modeling, and a map of potential capillary flux these water table depths can sustain. The maps show that the water table beneath the Amazon can be quite shallow in lowlands and river valleys (<5 m in 36% and <10 m in 60% of Amazonia). The water table can potentially sustain a capillary flux of >2.1 mm day−1 to the land surface averaged over Amazonia, but varies from 0.6 to 3.7 mm day−1 across nine study sites. Current models simulate a large-scale reduction in dry-season photosynthesis under today's climate and a possible dieback under projected future climate with a longer dry season, converting the Amazon from a net carbon sink to a source and accelerating warming. The inclusion of groundwater and capillary flux may modify the model results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Jansen, Sanne, Daniel De Bruin, Simon Strackee, Mark I. Van Berge Henegouwen, Ton Van Leeuwen, and Suzanne Gisbertz. "FA05.03: EFFECT OF EPHEDRINE ON GASTRIC CONDUIT PERFUSION MEASURED BY LASER SPECKLE CONTRAST IMAGING (LSCO) AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY: A PROSPECTIVE IN-VIVO COHORT STUDY." Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.fa05.03.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Compromised perfusion due to ligation of arteries and veins in esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction often (5–20%) results in necrosis and anastomotic leakage, which relate to high morbidity and mortality (3–4%). Ephedrine is used widely in anesthesia to treat intra-operative hypotension and may improve perfusion by the increase of cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). This study tests the effect of ephedrine on perfusion of the future anastomotic site of the gastric conduit, measured by Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI). Methods This prospective, observational, in-vivo pilot study includes 26 patients undergoing esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction from October 2015 to June 2016 in the Academic Medical Center (Amsterdam). Perfusion of the gastric conduit was measured with LSCI directly after reconstruction and after an increase of MAP by ephedrine 5 mg. Perfusion was quantified in flux (LSPU) in four perfusion locations, from good perfusion (base of the gastric tube) towards decreased perfusion (fundus). Intra-patient differences before and after ephedrine in terms flux were statistically tested for significance with a paired t-test. Results LSCI was feasible to image gastric microcirculation in all patients. Flux (LSPU) was significantly higher in the base of the gastric tube (791 ± 442) compared to the fundus (328 ± 187) (P < 0.001). After administration of ephedrine, flux increased significantly in the fundus (P < 0·05) measured intra-patients. Three patients developed anastomotic leakage. In these patients, the difference between measured flux in the fundus compared to the base of the gastric tube was high. Conclusion This study presents the effect of ephedrine on perfusion of the gastric tissue measured with LSCI in terms of flux (LSPU) after esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction. We show a small but significant difference between flux measured before and after administration of ephedrine in the future anastomotic tissue (313 ± 178 vs. 397 ± 290). We also show a significant decrease of flux towards the fundus. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Goettl, Shane J., Srinivas Doddipatla, Zhenghai Yang, Chao He, Ralf I. Kaiser, Mateus X. Silva, Breno R. L. Galvão, and Tom J. Millar. "Chemical dynamics study on the gas-phase reaction of the D1-silylidyne radical (SiD; X2Π) with deuterium sulfide (D2S) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S)." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 24 (2021): 13647–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp01629f.

Full text

Abstract:

Center-of-mass velocity flux contour map for the reaction of the D1-silylidyne radical (SiD) with deuterium sulfide (D₂S) leading to the gas-phase formation of D2-silanethione (D₂SiS).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Vellela, Melissa, and Hong Qian. "On the Poincaré–Hill cycle map of rotational random walk: locating the stochastic limit cycle in a reversible Schnakenberg model." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 466, no. 2115 (November 11, 2009): 771–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2009.0346.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent studies on stochastic oscillations mostly focus on the power spectral analysis. However, the power spectrum yields information only on the frequency of oscillation and cannot differentiate between a stable limit cycle and a stable focus. The cycle flux, introduced by Hill (Hill 1989 Free energy transduction and biochemical cycle kinetics ), is a quantitative measure of the net movement over a closed path, but it is impractical to compute for all possible cycles in systems with a large state space. Through simple examples, we introduce concepts used to quantify stochastic oscillation, such as the cycle flux, the Hill–Qian stochastic circulation and rotation number. We introduce a novel device, the Poincaré–Hill cycle map (PHCM), which combines the concept of Hill’s cycle flux with the Poincaré map from nonlinear dynamics. Applying the PHCM to a reversible extension of an oscillatory chemical system, the Schnakenberg model, reveals stable oscillations outside the Hopf bifurcation region in which the deterministic system contains a limit cycle. Bistable behaviour is found on the small volume scale with high probabilities around both the fixed point and the limit cycle. Convergence to the deterministic system is found in the thermodynamic limit.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Greve, Ralf. "Relation of measured basal temperatures and the spatial distribution of the geothermal heat flux for the Greenland ice sheet." Annals of Glaciology 42 (2005): 424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756405781812510.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe thermomechanical, three-dimensional ice-sheet model SICOPOLIS is applied to the Greenland ice sheet. Simulations over two glacial–interglacial cycles are carried out, driven by a climatic forcing interpolated between present conditions and Last Glacial Maximum anomalies. Based on the global heat-flow representation by Pollack and others (1993), we attempt to constrain the spatial pattern of the geothermal heat flux by comparing simulation results to direct measurements of basal temperatures at the GRIP, NorthGRIP, Camp Century and Dye 3 ice-core locations. The obtained heat-flux map shows an increasing trend from west to east, a high-heat-flux anomaly around NorthGRIP with values up to 135 mWm–2 and a low-heat-flux anomaly around Dye 3 with values down to 20 mW m–2. Validation is provided by the generally good fit between observed and measured ice thicknesses. Residual discrepancies are most likely due to deficiencies of the input precipitation rate and further variability of the geothermal heat flux not captured here.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Lee, Joohyun, Yong-Cheol Kwon, and Seung-Ki Sul. "Identification of IPMSM Flux-Linkage Map for High-Accuracy Simulation of IPMSM Drives." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36, no. 12 (December 2021): 14257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2021.3084558.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Ji, Yuhuang, Yanghui He, Junjiong Shao, Huiying Liu, Yuling Fu, Xinyue Chen, Yang Chen, et al. "Dissolved Organic Carbon Flux Is Driven by Plant Traits More Than Climate across Global Forest Types." Forests 13, no. 7 (July 16, 2022): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13071119.

Full text

Abstract:

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is one of the most important components in the global carbon cycle, which is largely influenced by climate and plant traits. Although previous studies have examined the impacts of climatic factors (e.g., mean annual temperature (MAT) and precipitation (MAP)) or plant traits (e.g., leaf area index, leaf nitrogen) on DOC, the relative importance of climate and plant traits on DOC flux remains unclear on a global scale. In this study, we compiled 153 pairs of DOC observational data from 84 forest sites to explore the relative importance of climate and plant traits on DOC flux with a linear mixed model, variance partitioning, and random forest approaches. Our results showed that DOC fluxes from throughfall and the litter layer were higher in broadleaved forests than those in coniferous forests. Throughfall-DOC flux increased significantly with MAT and MAP in coniferous forests, but that from the litter layer showed no significant correlations with climate factors. In broadleaved forests, throughfall-DOC flux increased with potential evapotranspiration (PET), while that from the litter layer was positively correlated with MAT. Meanwhile, throughfall-DOC flux had negative relationships with specific leaf area (SLA), leaf nitrogen content (LN), and leaf phosphorus content (LP) in broadleaved forests, but it showed a positive correlation with SLA in coniferous forests. Litter-layer-DOC flux increased with LN in broadleaved forests, but this correlation was the opposite in coniferous forests. Using the variance partitioning approach, plant traits contributed to 29.0% and 76.4% of the variation of DOC from throughfall and litter layer, respectively, whereas climate only explained 19.1% and 8.3%, respectively. These results indicate that there is a more important contribution by plant traits than by climate in driving the spatial variability of global forest DOC flux, which may help enhance forest management as a terrestrial carbon sink in the future. Our findings suggest the necessity of incorporating plant traits into land surface models for improving predictions regarding the forest carbon cycle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Jodwalis, Clara M., and Richard L. Benner. "On the possibility of remotely sensing global dimethyl sulfide sea-to-air flux." Polar Record 31, no. 177 (April 1995): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400013759.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractBiogenic emissions of sulfur from the ocean surface are believed to be a significant contribution to the atmospheric aerosol burden, thus playing a significant role in climate. The possibility exists for using remotely sensed data to locate sources, map distributions, and estimate global-scale fluxes of marine sulfur flux. By definition, estimates of surface trace-gas flux from satellites are indirect. Empirical algorithms must be derived using direct surface flux measurements. This technology does not currently exist, and may be many years from coming to fruition. This paper discusses the possibilities of developing a satellite-based dimethyl sulphide (DMS) flux capability and describes a new technique that can be used to develop the necessary empirical relationships. It demonstrates the feasibility of using a sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD) for measuring surface sulfur-gas flux directly from the ground. It also estimates ocean surface sulfur-gas flux using two related, indirect methods, known as the variance method and the inertial dissipation method. These methods can be used in the Arctic, where the ocean-to-atmosphere flux may be a significant fraction of global biogenic sulfur emissions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Bennett, William B., Jingfeng Wang, and Rafael L. Bras. "Estimation of Global Ground Heat Flux." Journal of Hydrometeorology 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2008): 744–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jhm940.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This study investigates the use of a previously published algorithm for estimating ground heat flux (GHF) at the global scale. The method is based on an analytical solution of the diffusion equation for heat transfer in a soil layer and has been shown to be effective at the point scale. The algorithm has several advantageous properties: 1) it only needs a single-level input of surface (skin) temperature, 2) the time-mean GHF can be derived directly from time-mean skin temperature, 3) it has reduced sensitivity to the variability in soil thermal properties and moisture, 4) it does not requires snow depth, and 5) it is computationally effective. A global map of the necessary thermal inertia parameter is derived using reanalysis data as a function of soil type. These parameter estimates are comparable to values obtained from in situ observations. The new global GHF estimates are generally consistent with the reanalysis GHF output simulated using two-layer soil hydrology models. The authors argue that the new algorithm is more robust and trustworthy in regions where they differ. The proposed algorithm offers potential benefits for direct assimilation of observations of surface temperature as well as GHF into the reanalysis models at various time scales.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Feng, Ru Guang, Zhang Yong Wu, Jing Tao Wei, Yan Jin Qin, and Tian Chi Jia. "The Optimal Design and Simulation Analysis of High-Speed Switching Valve Based on Magnetorheological Fluid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.465.

Full text

Abstract:

This article designed a kind of magnetorheological high-speed on-off valves and made optimized design based on the nature of the magnetorheological fluid(MRF). ANSYS software was used to analyze magnetic field of the two different structures and get the magnetic flux lines distribution and flux density map. The simulation analysis results show that: optimized high speed switching valve, can reduce the loss of the coil and the rise of temperature, improves the life of the valve body, it also can shorten the switching response time and improves the reliability of the valve.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Miquel, M. "Towards the cloning of GLY1." Biochemical Society Transactions 28, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 675–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0280675.

Full text

Abstract:

The Arabidopsis mutants designated gly1 exhibit a reduced carbon flux through the prokaryotic pathway that is compensated for by an increased carbon flux through the eukaryotic pathway. Biochemical approaches reveal that the gly1 phenotype cannot be explained by a deficiency in the enzymes of the prokaryotic pathway. The chemical complementation of the mutant phenotype by exogenous glycerol treatment of gly1 plants suggests a lesion affecting the glycerol 3-phosphate supply within the chloroplast. As an alternative to the biochemical study of the gly1 mutants we set out to map the GLY1 locus. The gly1 mutant being an EMS (ethyl methane sulphonate) mutant, we used a strategy based on the polymorphism existing between Arabidopsis ecotypes, here Columbia (gly1 background) and Landsberg erecta. We mapped gly1 on chromosome II. During the process of chromosome walking, the complete sequence of chromosome II was released, allowing us to make assumptions on candidate genes based on map location. We are currently sequencing the putative genes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Flux Map'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles