Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Flux à faible nombre de Reynolds faible'
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Samatas, Sotiris. "Emergence and collective phenomena in chiral microswimmer suspensions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0453.
Full textWe study collective phenomena in bulk suspensions of spherical microswimmers with chiral trajectories using large scale numerics. The model is generic. It corresponds to the lowest order solution of a general model for self-propulsion at low Reynolds numbers, consisting of a nonaxisymmetric rotating source dipole. We show that both purely circular and helical swimmers can spontaneously synchronize their rotation. The synchronized state corresponds to velocity alignment with high orientational order in both the polar and azimuthal directions. To exemplify the robustness of the syncronised state, we consider a racemic mixture of helical swimmers where intraspecies synchronization is observed while the system remains as a spatially uniform fluid. Our results demonstrate hydrodynamic synchronization as a natural collective phenomenon for microswimmers with chiral trajectories. Once synchronisation is attained, we show that the system can manifest complex post-synchronisation collective behaviour involving phase separation and the propagation of waves with local polar order. Our observations provide a compelling basis for future research on emerging collective flows and activity-driven enhanced diffusivity in chiral microswimmer suspensions
Corenflos, Kléber. "Etude expérimentale d'écoulements de Couette-Poiseuille turbulents à faible nombre de Reynolds." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10061.
Full textIl semble que la taille des sondes utilisées soit trop importante en regard de la hauteur du canal. L'influence du nombre de Reynolds sur les différentes grandeurs mesurées a été étudiée : la forme du profil de vitesse moyenne semble y être d'autant plus sensible que le rapport de la vitesse de paroi sur la vitesse débitante augmente. Par contre, les profils d'énergie turbulente tracés en fonction des coordonnées de paroi semblent être indépendants de re. Ce résultat très intéressant permettrait, s'il était confirmé, d'étendre le domaine de validité des simulations directes. Cette constatation remet également en question les seuls résultats expérimentaux complets disponibles et obtenus à des nombres de Reynolds plus élevés. Des modélisations de ces écoulements à haut Reynolds avaient d'ailleurs abouti à la même conclusion
Oulmas, Ali. "Suivi de chemin 3D de nageurs magnétiques à faible nombre de Reynolds." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS070/document.
Full textMagnetic microrobots, which swim using bio-inspired propulsion modes, appear very promising for manipulation and characterization of objects at microscopic scale inside confined and very restricted environments, unlike conventional micromanipulation methods. The literature proposes a variety of microrobots with different geometric shapes and magnetic properties. However, the motion controls proposed remain simple, imprecise and insufficiently robust for performing real tasks. In addition, there is still uncertainty that all these artificial microswimmers can accomplish the same tasks with equal performance. The objective of this thesis is thus to propose : generic motion controls by visual servoing in space for all kinds of microswimmers with nonholonomic constraints in order to improve the microswimmer performances, a set of comparison criteria between robots with a different topology or propulsion mode for choosing the most efficient microswimmer in order to perform a specific task. Path following control laws in space are synthesized and experimentally validated on helical and flexible swimmers under different conditions. These robots operate in low Reynolds number fluid, imitating respectively bacteria and spermatozoa and are actuated with uniform magnetic field. These two classes of swimmers have different actuation mode and geometric shape. Their performances are thus compared according to the task to be performed, the environment in which the robots evolve and the manufacturing constraints
Rouot, Jérémy. "Méthodes géométriques et numériques en contrôle optimal et applications au transfert orbital à poussée faible et à la nage à faible nombre de Reynolds." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4103/document.
Full textThe first part of this work is devoted to the study of the swimming at low Reynolds number where we consider a2-link swimmer to model the motion of a Copepod and the seminal model of the Purcell Three-link swimmer. Wepropose a geometric and numerical approach using optimal control theory assuming that the motion occursminimizing the energy dissipated by the drag fluid forces related with a concept of efficiency of a stroke. TheMaximum Principle is used to compute periodic controls considered as minimizing control using propertransversality conditions, in relation with periodicity, minimizing the energy dissipated for a fixed displacement ormaximizing the efficiency of a stroke. These problems fall into the framework of sub-Riemannian geometry whichprovides efficient techniques to tackle these problems : the nilpotent approximation is used to compute strokeswith small amplitudes which are continued numerically for the true system. Second order optimality, necessary orsufficient, are presented to select weak minimizers in the framework of periodic optimal controls.In the second part, we study the motion of a controlled spacecraft in a central field taking into account thegravitational interaction of the Moon and the oblateness of the Earth. Our purpose is to study the time minimalorbital transfer problem with low thrust. Due to the small control amplitude, our approach is to define anaveraged system from the Maximum Principle and study the related approximations to the non averaged system.We provide proofs of convergence and give numerical results where we use the averaged system to solve the nonaveraged system using indirect method
Assou, Yao Alipoé. "Etude des interactions particules-paroi dans un ecoulement a faible nombre de reynolds : approche par interferometrie-laser." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066027.
Full textLe, Masson Stéphane. "Contrôle de l'instabilité de Benard-Von Karman en aval d'un obstacle chauffé à faible nombre de Reynolds." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES048.
Full textAssou, Yao Alipoé. "Etudes des interactions particules-parois dans un écoulement à faible nombre de Reynolds approche par interféromètrie-laser /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376114258.
Full textHamma, Laurence. "Etude de la diffusion de la chaleur en aval d'un cylindre chauffé à faible nombre de Reynolds." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614238s.
Full textHamma, Laurence. "Etude de la diffusion de la chaleur en aval d'un cylindre chauffé à faible nombre de Reynolds (40." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES031.
Full textNiel, Fabien. "Modélisation et contrôle d'une aile en présence d'oscillations aéroélastiques de grande amplitude et à faible nombre de Reynolds." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESAE0003/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at providing a general approach for aeroelastic control. First, an aeroelastic model of an oscillating wing is developed to capture the phenomena of hysteresis of aerodynamic load and dynamic stall which can be observed at low Reynolds number or large angles of attack. The model is then trained and successfully compared to experimental data for a NACA 0018 wing. This model, like many aeroelastic models, suffers from its inherent complexity and nonlinearities which make its analysis and control challenging. Consequently, the set of equations is conveniently manipulated to encapsulate the nonlinearities in a polytopic formulation with unknown parameters. Then, based on linear quadratic regulation theory and using framework of linear matrix inequalities, several theorems are developed considering saturations which are a major and recurrent issue in flight control. The theorems are then successfully applied to solve the problem of stall flutter in presence of rate and magnitude saturations
Jibuti, Levan. "Locomotion et écoulement dans les fluides complexes confinés." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635980.
Full textAssemien, Ahiko. "Comportement asymptotique des équations de Navier-Stokes pour des écoulements de faible épaisseur." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10010.
Full textFraticelli, Raphaël. "Jet dans un écoulement transverse à faible nombre de Reynolds : effet de la masse volumique sur la dynamique et le mélange." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT2333.
Full textThis dissertation examines, experimentally, a square jet in a crossflow, in an inertial and mixed convection regime for a Reynolds number of 500 and an injection rate ranging from 0. 17 and 2. 13. The visualization of the flow shows the main vortical structure of the near field. The development of a simultaneous measuring device of velocity (PIV) and concentration (LIF) gives timed-resolved results. Drawing on these results, the topology of the flow and the geometrical magnitudes characteristic of the mixture become evident. The mechanisms at the origin of the destabilization of the upper limit are exposed. The measures of velocity using nearly-time-resolved tomographic particle image velocimetry allow description of the wake structures. The measurements demonstrate the evolution of upright vortices and of the counter-rotating vortex pair. Links between the mixture and the cinematic field of the flow are established. A very weak variation of the density transforms the flow. The dense jet forms a bulb, the horseshoe vortices are intensified and new vortical structures appear in the wake. The bulb, driven by viscous force and buoyancy, is where mixture occurs. The shear layer generates vortices whose evolution if strongly influenced by the baroclinic term of the vorticity equation. An increase in the injection rate modifies the flow. The mixture in its wake is improved under the influence of the buoyancy of the flow
Hugonnot, Patrick. "Étude locale de l'écoulement et performances thermohydrauliques à faible nombre de Reynolds d'un canal plan corrugue : Applications aux échangeurs de chaleur à plaques." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10308.
Full textVernet, Romain. "Etude expérimentale d'un jet pulsé dans un écoulement transverse à faible nombre de Reynolds : influence de l'excitation sur le mélange et sur la dynamique tourbillonnaire." Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2010/Vernet-Romain/2010-Vernet-Romain-These.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this work is to study the interaction between a pulsed jet and a transverse flow. The Reynolds number characterizing the flow is equal to 500 and the ratio of both fluids velocity is equal to 1. A sinusoidal forcing is used with a flow rate variation from zero to twice the mean flow rate. In this work, the focus is on the jet pulsation influence over a range from 0 to 10 Hz. The first approach allows the distinction of the different flows in order to arrange them in two categories (by using dye visualization). These different regimes are separated by a characteristic frequency that is very close to the one of the shear layer instability in a continuous jet. Then, the next step is a qualitative study based on three representative frequencies for these characteristic regimes. The analysis is performed using experimental data obtained from Stereoscopique Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV), Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF), and from a method that combines the two techniques. Firstly, a comparison is made between the pulsed jet and the continuous jet, based on the vortex dynamics topology, close to the jet exit but also in the wake region. The study of the different axes and the main frequencies can exhibit the formation and the trajectories of the vortices generated by the pulsation. Secondly, different criteria applied to the concentration fields can help for the quantification of the mixing and its effectiveness. Furthermore, the phenomena linked to stagnant zones in the jet and the fast mixing process can be explained by the coupling with the velocity measurements. Finally, the last part of this study is dedicated to an analysis of the dominant structures of the flow using the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). After of the understanding the organization of the first spatial modes, a three-dimensional reconstruction technique of the flow is achieved on several parallel averaged phase planes. This innovative approach allows the addition of natural modes representing the vortices in the wake region of the jet. This technique can be seen as an alternative to the tomographic 3D-3C measurements
Xu, Tiantian. "Propulsion Characteristics and Visual Servo Control of Scaled-up Helical Microswimmers." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00977906.
Full textPayen, Gérard. "Contribution à l'étude des régimes d'écoulement à faible nombre de Reynolds au travers d'expansions symétriques par simulations numériques instationnaires basées sur une méthode de Random Vortex hybride." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES017.
Full textGiraldi, Laetitia. "Méthodes mathématiques pour l'analyse de la natation à l'échelle microscopique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869496.
Full textBernardos, Barreda Luis Francisco. "Modélisation de la transition vers la turbulence d'une couche limite décollée Algebraic Nonlocal Transition Modeling of Laminar Separation Bubbles Using k−ω Turbulence Models Prediction of Separation-Induced Transition on the SD7003 Airfoil Using Algebraic Transition Triggering." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS184.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to propose new models that improve the precision of RANS predictions of LSB. Firstly, high-fidelity numerical data was analyzed in order to understand the precision defects of existing models. From this analysis, two main defects were identified: existing models do not produce turbulence at a sufficient rate in the transitional region, and they generally lack diffusion right downstream of the LSB. Secondly, a set of models were proposed that correct the defects. The new approach, named laminar separation transition triggering (LSTT), allow several existing RANS models for enhanced production of turbulence in the transitional region, which improves the precision of the prediction of the LSB topology and the overall flowfield. Lastly, a large assessment of LSTT models was undertaken using different airfoils of drones, wind turbines, tubojet engines and helicopters. In general, it was found that LSTT models improve the precision of the RANS predictions of LSB and can be used to predict the influence on angle-of-attack, Reynolds number and turbulence intensity
Perez, Matthias. "Micro-récupération d'énergie des écoulements d'air par conversion électrostatique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI087/document.
Full textThis work is enshrined in the energy harvesting context. More specifically, the purpose is to convert small amounts of kinetic energy from airflows into electrical energy through an electrostatic converter. The electrical energy produced is then intended to supply low power sensors for structural health monitoring, environmental follow-up, human monitoring…The manuscript includes an overview of the state of the art on airflow energy harvesting, the physical understanding of electrostatic conversion phenomena, fluid mechanics, ultra-low Reynolds number aerodynamics, a description of the prototypes developed and the results obtained.The harvesters we have developed are divided into two families: (i) the rotational harvesters which transform the kinetic energy of airflows into mechanical energy of rotation and (ii) the aeroelastic harvesters which use wind energy to produce mechanical energy of periodical oscillations. These two types of harvesters have been associated to different electrostatic converters, polarized by the addition of electrets or self-polarized by triboelectricity. The energy harvesters have been optimized and we have demonstrated the benefit of the electrostatic conversion for small devices (a few cm2) operating at low speeds (<3m/s). The power densities reach 5µW/cm2@1m/s for rotational devices and in the range of 10µW/cm2@10m/s for aeroelastic devices. The micro-generators were finally combined with power management circuits to supply autonomous and communicating sensors. This last stage completes the energy harvesting chain and also shows the high benefit of active circuits (synchronous electric charge extraction, maximum power point)
Mohd, Zawawi Fazila. "Analyse aéroélastique d'une pale flexible composite : application au microdrone." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0027/document.
Full textL’idée principale du travail rapporté ici est d’étudier les effets de l’intéraction fluide-structure (FSI) de pales laminées flexibles pour les proprotors de micro véhicules aériens(MAV) de type tilt-body dans les configurations de vol stationnaire et en avant. Eneffet, le but est d’exploiter les possibilités offertes par les proprotors à pales flexiblespar rapport aux proprotors à pales rigides pour améliorer leur performance dans cesphases de vol. Le modèle FSI a été développé à cet effet. Ce modèle tient compte desproblèmes spécifiques liés aux proprotors de MAV faits de composite laminé. Il com-bine l’adaptation de modèle aérodynamique par la théorie d’élement de pale (BEM) etl’adaptation de modèle structurel par la théorie des éléments finis de poutre anisotropes(AFEM). Le modèle aérodynamique est développé pour être capable de s’adapter àl’analyse des proprotors à bas nombres de Reynolds. Dans le modèle structural, la paleest modélisée comme une poutre élastique subissant des déviations dans la flexion, latraction et la torsion afin de capturer les effets de couplage de matériaux anisotropes.Il adapte l’analyse structurale des pales du proprotor faites de composite laminé. Lafiabilité du modèle FSI développé est vérifiée à travers une validation par modèles aéro-dynamique et structural, séparément, sur plusieurs proprotors de MAV. Afin de se dirigervers une analyse de pales de proprotors à adaptation passive , une recherche de designoptimal a été effectuée pour des proprotor à adaptation active. Pour cela, un programmepour la conception de pales rigides optimales à un unique point de fonctionnement (soitle vol de croisière soit le vol stationnaire) et à plusieurs points (combinant croisière etvol stationnaire) ont été développés. Les procédures du programme de design optimalemploient les mèthodes de design inverse par itération numérique, sur la base de pertesde poussée induites minimales (MIL). Même si le travail dans cette thèse a été dirigéprincipalement vers le proprotor, la partie moteur du système de propulsion n’a pasété négligée puisque l’efficacité de la propulsion est un facteur crucial pour le succès desMAVs. Une méthode simple et rapide de sélection du meilleur moteur parmi les moteurscommerciaux choisis est élaborée sur la base de la méthode de Taguchi. La sensibilitéde la consommation d’énergie totale à la variation de la valeur de chaque variable deconception du moteur a été étudiée. Le bénéfice de l’utilisation de la charge à la pointe de la pale et l’effet de la flexion sur la torsion induite et sur la dégradation de la poussée respectivement ont aussi été analysés et identifiés. Enfin, les proprotors à pales flexibles conçues systématiquement ont été évalués dans des conditions de fonctionnement stables. Performances en vol stationnaire et performances croisière propulsive, caractérisées par la puissance totale Ptotal ont été comparées entre les proprotors à pales rigides et à pales flexibles. En tant que résultat de la comparaison, les proprotors à pales flexibles s’avère capable d’améliorer légèrement les performances par la réduction de la Ptotal surson optimal proprotors à pales rigides
Ben, Salem Mongi. "Étude numérique des actions hydrodynamiques sur une sphère en translation et rotation dans un écoulement cisaille." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10009.
Full textEl, Alaoui-Faris Yacine. "Modélisation et contrôle optimal de micro-nageurs magnétiques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4094.
Full textRobotic micro-swimmers are able to perform small-scale operations such astargeted drug delivery, and minimally invasive medical diagnosis and surgery.However, efficient actuation of these robots becomes more challenging as their size decreases. Hence, wireless actuation is preferable over built-in actuation sources, one of the most popular strategies is the magnetization of parts of the swimmer and its actuation with an external magnetic field. In this thesis, we focus on flexible magnetic micro-swimmers that are similar to spermatozoa in their design and flagellar propulsion. Our goal is to use numerical modeling and optimal control tools to improve the performance of existing swimmers made at the ISIR laboratory (Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique) and to propose a numerical control design method for experimental flexible micro-swimmers.Firstly, a simplified 3D dynamic model of a flexible swimmer has been developed, based on the approximation of hydrodynamic forces and the discretization of the curvature and elasticity of the tail of the swimmer. By fitting the hydrodynamic and elastic parameters of our model accordingly, we are able to obtain propulsion characteristics (mainly the frequency response of the swimmer) close to those experimentally measured. Secondly, we numerically solve the optimal control problem of finding the actuating magnetic fields that maximize the propulsion speed of the experimental swimmer under constraints on the control that reflect the constraints physically imposed on the magnetic field. The optimal magnetic fields found via numerical optimization are then implemented in the ISIR experimental setup in order to benchmark the experimental performance of the computed controls and the ability of the model to predict the trajectories of the experimental swimmer
Yahiaoui, Samir. "Transport de petites particules par un écoulement de fluide visqueux." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066384.
Full textThis work contributes to the study of hydrodynamic interactions between particles and wall in low Reynolds number fluid flow. Various axisymetric Stokes flows are calculated for a sphere near a plane wall. Perturbation techniques are then used to determine hydrodynamic forces, namely the viscous inertial unsteady drag force for the motion of a sphere normal to a plane wall and the lift on a sphere moving parallel to a plane wall in various ambient flow fields; regardless of the sphere to wall distance. In the lubrication regime, corrections are also derived for the approximated fluid velocity and pressure around a sphere settling normal to a wall
Cadiou, Anne. "Contribution a l'etude de modeles de turbulence au second ordre." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00086507.
Full textDans un premier temps, l'etude du comportement de modeles homogenes classiques de type Rij-epsilon a ete effectuee pour des ecoulements soumis a des effets de rotation. Cette etude a permis de s'interesser plus particulierement a la modelisation du tenseur des correlations pression-deformation et de discuter des contraintes d'objectivite, de realisabilite, et de verification des etats limites de distorsions rapides. Les modeles choisis ont ete testes sur des ecoulements homogenes classiques et compares a des resultats de simulation directe. Les difficultes de prediction des
ecoulements fortement rotationnels par ces formulations classiques ont conduit au developpement d'un modele homogene base sur l'equation de transport du tenseur des correlations pression-deformation, dont l'expression est deduite d'une description spectrale de la turbulence. Ce modele necessite la fermeture de trois termes, correspondant au tenseur des taux de dissipation et aux termes lent et rapide de l'equation d'evolution du tenseur de Reynolds. Ses performances ont ete comparees aux modeles classiques dans les cas homogenes precedents et pour des ecoulements de distorsions rapides. Les comparaisons ont montre notamment un meilleur comportement du terme rapide de ce modele par rapport aux formulations classiques.
La prise en compte des effets de paroi constitue la deuxieme partie du travail de these. Trois modeles du second ordre bas-Reynolds ont ete appliques au cas du canal plan etabli. Les comportements asymptotiques des modeles ont ete compares a l'aide de developpements de Taylor au voisinage des parois et de resultats de simulation directe. L'extension du modele developpe precedemment pour
des ecoulements homogenes a egalement ete effectuee dans le cas du canal plan.
Le niveau inhabituel de la fermeture proposee rend difficile son application a des configurations tridimensionnelles. La derniere partie de ce travail est par consequent consacree a la validation de fermetures bas-Reynolds classiques, dans le cas d'ecoulements en geometrie complexe. Le comportement de l'un des modeles du second ordre etudie precedemment dans le cas du canal plan est valide sur un cas test tridimensionnel caracterise par un tourbillon longitudinal intense.
Chateau, Sylvain. "Simulations numériques du transport et du mélange de mucus bronchique par battement ciliaire métachronal." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0637/document.
Full textThe mucociliary clearance process is a physico-chemical process which aims is to transport and eliminate bronchial mucus. To do so, billions of micro-sized appendages, called cilia, cover the respiratory epithelium. These cilia propel the mucus by performing a periodical pattern composed of a stroke phase where their tips can enter the mucus layer, and a recovery phase where the cilia are completely immersed in the periciliary liquid layer. A failure of this process may induce numerous health problems. It has been experimentally observed that cilia do not beat randomly, but instead adapt their beatings accordingly to their neighbours, forming metachronal waves. However, in vivo observations are extremely difficult to perfom, and the properties of these waves remain poorly understood. In this thesis, we use a Lattice Boltzmann - Immersed Boundary solver to reproduce a bronchial epithelium and study the emergence, as well as the transport and mixing capacities, of these waves
Boillot, Benjamin. "Contribution à l'étude des écoulements turbulents en convection mixte." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10062.
Full textRASOLOARIJAONA, MAMY NIRINA. "Non-linearites de la loi de darcy : etudes theorique, numerique et experimentale." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10124.
Full textMaalouf, Abdellah. "Etude numérique et expérimentale de l'écoulement plan autour et au travers d'un cylindre, à faibles nombres de Reynolds : modélisaton d'un milieu poreux par des treillis de cylindres." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2032.
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