Journal articles: 'Flute – Construction'

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Ajwani, Gaurav, Chris Chu, and Wai-Kei Mak. "FOARS: FLUTE Based Obstacle-Avoiding Rectilinear Steiner Tree Construction." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 30, no. 2 (February 2011): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2010.2096571.

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Latha N R and G. R. Prasad. "Memory and I/O Optimized Rectilinear Steiner Minimum Tree Routing For VLSI." International Journal of Electronics, Communications, and Measurement Engineering 9, no. 1 (January 2020): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijecme.2020010104.

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As the size of devices are scaling down at rapid pace, the interconnect delay play a major part in performance of IC chips. Therefore minimizing delay and wire length is the most desired objective. FLUTE (Fast Look-Up table) presented a fast and accurate RSMT (Rectilinear Steiner Minimum Tree) construction for both smaller and higher degree net. In this paper, FLUTE presented an optimization technique that reduces time complexity for RSMT construction for both smaller and larger degree nets. However for larger degree net this technique induces memory overhead, as it does not consider the memory requirement in constructing RSMT. Since availability of memory is very less and is expensive, it is desired to utilize memory more efficiently which in turn results in reducing I/O time (i.e. reduce the number of I/O disk access). The proposed work presents a Memory Optimized RSMT (MORSMT) construction in order to address the memory overhead for larger degree net. The depth-first search and divide and conquer approach is adopted to build a Memory optimized tree. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of proposed approach over existing model for varied benchmarks in term of computation time, memory overhead and wire length. The experimental results show that the proposed model is scalable and efficient.

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N. R., Latha, and G. R. Prasad. "Memory and I/O optimized rectilinear steiner minimum tree routing for VLSI." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 2959. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i3.pp2959-2968.

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As the size of devices are scaling down at rapid pace, the interconnect delay play a major part in performance of IC chips. Therefore minimizing delay and wire length is the most desired objective. FLUTE (Fast Look-Up table) presented a fast and accurate RSMT (Rectilinear Steiner Minimum Tree) construction for both smaller and higher degree net. FLUTE presented an optimization technique that reduces time complexity for RSMT construction for both smaller and larger degree nets. However for larger degree net this technique induces memory overhead, as it does not consider the memory requirement in constructing RSMT. Since availability of memory is very less and is expensive, it is desired to utilize memory more efficiently which in turn results in reducing I/O time (i.e. reduce the number of I/O disk access). The proposed work presents a Memory Optimized RSMT (MORSMT) construction in order to address the memory overhead for larger degree net. The depth-first search and divide and conquer approach is adopted to build a Memory optimized tree. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of proposed approach over existing model for varied benchmarks in terms of computation time, memory overhead and wire length. The experimental results show that the proposed model is scalable and efficient.

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Litwinienko, Aleksandra. "The eighteenth century fife from the shipwreck of General Carleton of Whitby." Muzyka 65, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36744/m.298.

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In the course of the fatal voyage, General Carleton was transporting a cargo of tar and iron. This cargo facilitated the preservation of artefacts: the spilled tar formed a shell, which protected the artefacts from seawater. Therefore, the wood was not damaged nor deformed. These conditions allowed the divers to find another musical instrument, which happened to be a wooden fife. It was lying in the south-eastern part of the wreck, behind the mainmast step, where most personal belongings of the crew members were discovered. The state of preservation of the flute is good. The X-ray photo confirmed the cylindrical cross section of the instrument. It’s dimensions indicate the C# or C tuning (transposed to B or Bb). Notwithstanding its atypical two-part construction, it should be classified, according to the Anglo-Saxon nomenclature as a fife, that is „a small cylindrical transverse Flute, but with a narrower bore and hence a louder, shriller sound than the flute proper”. The maker’s marks are visible on the surface, under the embouchure hole and between the 3rd and the 4th finger hole. The name indicates that the fife was made by John Just Schuchart or Charles Schuchart. The dating suggests Charles (1720–65) as the maker. He had a shop on Chandois-street, Covent-garden, London, called “Two Flutes and Hautboy”. Based on the signature type it can be said that the fife was produced in years 1759–65. The collections around the world include 8 recorders, 26 transverse flutes, 3 oboes, a clarinet and a bassoon from the workshops of father and son. It might be possible that there are no preserved analogies for the described instrument, which enriches the known collection of Schucharts’ instruments by one fife.

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Liu, Yun, and Zheng Ji Li. "Materials Properties and Material Applications in a New Wood Flute back Combination Design and Research." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 2076–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.2076.

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Wood flute back combination design [, experimental study to verify the practicality of wood back shocked. Development and application of wood back shocked, and replace the current wooden building construction template for the realization of environmental protection, energy conservation plays an important.

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Boldurescu, Yulia V. "Creative Flute Playing in Work with Beginners." ICONI, no. 1 (2020): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33779/2658-4824.2020.1.076-087.

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The article is addressed to faculty members of departments of wind and percussion instruments in children’s music schools and children’s schools for the arts for collaborative work with beginners in elementary fl ute classes. The article proceeds to describe and formulate questions and playing assignments with utilization of the repertoire of folk melodies for bringing out the instructor’s and pupil’s artistic approaches in working with original musical texts and cognizing its content-related side on the early stages of studies in children’s music schools and children’s schools for the arts. The term “playing assignments” presume role playing in the dialogues of two fl utes or fl ute and piano with a revision and transformation of the primary musical text (the arrangement). Due to the technique of semantic analysis, the instructor may demonstrate to children the secrets of arrangements; they will understand how to make use of various means of transformation of the musical texts, as well as the semantic fi gures involved, acquaint themselves with the peculiarities of construction of folk song melodies and learn to disclose the boundaries of musical retorts in musical dialogues.

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Kundu, Sudeshna, Suchismita Roy, and Shyamapada Mukherjee. "Rectilinear Steiner Tree Construction Techniques Using PB-SAT-Based Methodology." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 04 (July 5, 2019): 2050057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620500577.

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Rectilinear Steiner Tree (RST) construction is a fundamental problem in very large scale integration (VLSI) physical design. Its applications include placement and routing in VLSI physical design automation (PDA) where wire length and timing estimations for signal nets are obtained. In this paper, a pseudo-Boolean satisfiability (PB-SAT)-based approach is presented to solve rectilinear Steiner tree problem. But large nets are a bottleneck for any SAT-based approach. Hence, to deal with large nets, a region-partitioning-based algorithm is taken into consideration, which eventually achieves a reasonable running time. Furthermore, a clustering-based approach is also explored to improve the partitioning of nets by identifying clusters and then applying a heuristic-based approach to get the minimum wire length for each set of the clusters. Experimental results obtained by these techniques show that the proposed algorithm can solve the RST problem very effectively even on large circuits and it outperforms the widely used RST algorithm FLUTE with 3[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]to 9[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]speedups.

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Teodor, Virgil, Nicuşor Baroiu, Silviu Berbinschi, and Nicolae Oancea. "A Graphical Expression for the Method of Substitutive Circles Family Applied for Profiling Side Mill Designed to Generate Sealing Worms of Cycloid Pumps." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 998–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.998.

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This paper approach the issue of side mill profiling, for generation of helical surfaces – the sealing worms from the construction of the helical pumps with cycloid worms. The issue of side mill profiling is based on the complementary theorem of the “substitutive circles family”. This method will be applied as so as for profiling the crossing section of the worm, in order to generate the helical flute and for profiling the revolution surface that constitutes the primary peripheral surface of the side mill. They are discussed some aspects related to singular points onto profiles and problems related to discontinuities onto the tool’s profile. For a certain case, are presented profiles determined in numerical form, which may serve for design of templates for side mill check and, obviously, for design of relieving tools.

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Wang, Zhemin, Yu Du, Tianrun Li, Zhimiao Yan, and Ting Tan. "A flute-inspired broadband piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting device with mechanical intelligent design." Applied Energy 303 (December 2021): 117577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117577.

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Bogale, Teshome Mulatie, Fang-Jung Shiou, and Geo-Ry Tang. "Mathematical Determination of a Flute, Construction of a CAD Model, and Determination of the Optimal Geometric Features of a Microdrill." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 40, no. 5 (March 26, 2015): 1497–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-015-1632-y.

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Day, Kiku. "The Effect of Meiji Government Policy on Traditional Japanese Music During the Nineteenth Century: The Case of the Shakuhachi." Nineteenth-Century Music Review 10, no. 2 (December 2013): 265–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479409813000268.

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The nineteenth century was the major turning point in traditional Japanese music, leading to changes in the musical world that rendered it well-nigh unrecognizable. With the introduction, in 1871, of a primary school curriculum in which only Western music was to be taught, traditional Japanese music began its journey to marginalization – in the end becoming a genre that sounded foreign to a majority of the inhabitants of its own native country.The vertical bamboo flute shakuhachi was particularly affected by the new Meiji government's modernization process. During the Edo period (1603–1867), mendicant monks organized in the Fuke sect had enjoyed a monopoly on playing the instrument. With the abolishment of the sect, in 1871, and the prohibition of begging for the following decade, the social position of shakuhachi players was radically changed. This article explores the ways in which shakuhachi players adapted to these changes in order to survive. That adaptation affected not only the construction of the instrument, but also the music itself.

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Li, Dan, Nian Feng Li, Bin Tang, and Jian Wu Gong. "On Atypical Affection on Environment due to Dewatering of Foundation Pit in Developed River System Area." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 710–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.710.

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With the environment problems more and more emerged the matters caused by dewatering are set out to be probed and the rule that the ground settlement around a dewatering well presents a funnel shape , is acquainted usually. But in the case of special geology and hydrology due to this paper a new ground settlement pattern presents according to the buildings failure status and the subsequently monitoring results analysis. Namely the ground settlement along the transverse direction to the underground runoff presents V-shape flute profile in the area around the predominant underground runoff. The results also demonstrate that: 1 The foundation type in main building is as same as in the podium building .The main building kept stable while the podium building presented large settlement and inclination and went to failure in final during the construction of the pit. 2 The difference of affecting degree due to dewatering in the environment around the pit is variable and the main affecting zone appears locality and directivity. According to the investigation the most possible main resource of dewatering originates from the river system around to the pit pass by the podium building. 3 Combining the construction process of the pit and the time points of deformation in the building , associability is confirmed between buildings deformation and dewatering on the pit on the ground of excluding the other artificial factors around the building.

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Walczyk, D. F., and D. E. Hardt. "Rapid Tooling for Sheet Metal Forming Using Profiled Edge Laminations—Design Principles and Demonstration." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 120, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 746–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2830215.

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Sheet metal forming dies constructed of laminations offer advantages over more conventional tooling fabrication methods (e.g. CNC-machining) in terms of tooling accessibility, reduced limitations on die geometry and faster fabrication with harder die materials. Furthermore, the recently introduced Profiled Edge Lamination (PEL) tooling method improves upon other lamination-based tooling methods. Adoption of this promising rapid tooling method by industry is being hindered by the lack of formal analysis, design principles, and manufacturing requirements needed to construct dies in such a manner. Therefore, the propensity for delamination of the die is discussed and preventive measures are suggested. The basic machining instructions, i.e., an array of points and directional vectors for each lamination, are outlined for both compound and planar profiled-edge bevels. Laser, AWJ and flute-edge endmilling are experimentally identified as the most promising methods for machining bevels. Development of a stand-alone PEL fabrication machine is suggested over retrofitting commercially-available 5-axis machines. Finally, the general procedure for creating PEL dies is implemented in the construction of a matched set of sheet metal forming tools. These tools are used to successfully stamp a sheet metal part out of draw-quality steel.

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CLARK, KATELYN. "‘OF THE TEMPERAMENT OF THOSE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS’: CONSIDERING TIBERIUS CAVALLO AND THE SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION OF MUSICAL SOUNDS IN LATE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LONDON." Eighteenth Century Music 15, no. 1 (March 2018): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478570617000392.

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The connection of music to scientific exploration in late Enlightenment London can be considered from various perspectives, perhaps most evidently through the binary of amateur–professional. These two realms intersected within natural philosophical observation, a practice that often served concurrently as entertainment and as study. The development of scientific instruments for the observation of various phenomena appeared in both professional and amateur contexts, contributing to technological growth and research. Natural philosopher Tiberius Cavallo (1749–1809) and his 1788 article on musical temperament (‘Of the Temperament of Those Musical Instruments, in Which the Tones, Keys, or Frets, are Fixed, as in the Harpsichord, Organ, Guitar, &c’) provide a captivating example of amateur interest overlapping effectively with the professional domain; as an amateur musician and professional scientist, Cavallo observed equal temperament in both mathematical and aesthetic terms. Consideration of his work promotes a more nuanced view of London as a place where scientific and musical ideas could meet and be ‘instrumentalized’, emphasizing the city's status as a vibrant arena for the interaction of scientific exploration, artistic endeavour and professional identities. In this sense, Cavallo's work on temperament was not merely a scientific activity; it reflected technological change during a stimulating period of scientific and musical progress in late eighteenth-century London. For example, instrument builders were actively developing ways to improve pitch control and tuning stability, as witnessed by numerous British patents for harp mechanisms, the addition of flute keys and keyboard construction.

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WILSON, CORY JAY, and BENJAMIN FRANK. "An evaluation of ECT sample height for small flute board grades and Box Manufacturer’s Certification compliance." June 2009 8, no. 6 (July 1, 2009): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj8.6.24.

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TAPPI test T811 is the specified method to ascertain ECT relative to box manufacturer’s certification compliance of corrugated fiberboard under Rule 41/ Alternate Item 222. T811 test sample heights were derived from typical board constructions at the time of the test method’s initial development. New, smaller flute sizes have since been developed, and the use of lighter weight boards has become more common. The T811 test method includes sample specifications for typical A-flute, B-flute, and C-flute singlewall (and doublewall and triplewall) structures, but not for newer thinner E-flute or F-flute structures. This research explores the relationship of ECT sample height to measured compressive load, in an effort to determine valid E-flute and F-flute ECT sample heights for use with the T811 method. Through this process, it identifies challenges present in our use of current ECT test methods as a measure of intrinsic compressive strength for smaller flute structures. The data does not support the use of TAPPI T 811 for ECT measurement for E and F flute structures, and demonstrates inconsistencies with current height specifi-cations for some lightweight B flute.

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Sarbadhikary, Sukanya. "The Breathing Body, Whistling Flute, and Sonic Divine: Oneness and Distinction in Bengal Vaishnavism’s Devotional Aesthetics." Religions 12, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12090743.

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This paper studies complex narratives connecting the Hindu deity Krishna, his melodious flute, and the porous, sonic human body in the popular devotional sect, Bengal Vaishnavism. From the devotee–lover responding to Krishna’s flute call outside, envying the flute’s privileged position on Krishna’s lips, to becoming the deity’s flute through yogic breath–sound fusions—texts abound with nuanced relations of equivalence and differentiation among the devotee–flute–god. Based primarily on readings of Hindu religious texts, and fieldwork in Bengal among makers/players of the bamboo flute, the paper analyses theological constructions correlating body–flute–divinity. Lying at the confluence of yogic, tantric, and devotional thought, the striking conceptual problem about the flute in Bengal Vaishnavism is: are the body, flute and divinity distinct or the same? I argue that the flute’s descriptions in both classical Sanskrit texts and popular oral lore and performances draw together ostensibly opposed religious paradigms of Yoga (oneness with divinity) and passionate devotion/bhakti (difference): its fine, airy feeling fusing with the body’s inner breathing self, and sweet melody producing a subservient temperament towards the lover–god outside. Flute sounds embody the peculiar dialectic of difference-and-identity among devotee–flute–god, much like the flute–lip-lock itself, bringing to affective life the Bengal Vaishnava philosophical foundation of achintya-bhed-abhed (inconceivability between principles of separation and indistinction).

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Rawcliffe, Susan. "Construction practices in pre‐Hispanic flutes." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 5 (November 2002): 2366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4779589.

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Ji, Yan Yi. "The Chinese Bamboo Flute: History and Constructive Traits." Music Scholarship / Problemy Muzykal'noj Nauki, no. 2 (2021): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33779/2587-6341.2021.2.086-093.

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Mu, Ru, Ling Wang, Wen Ling Tian, and Wei Cao. "Long-Term Bonding Strength between Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum and Polymer Cement Mortar." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 1348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.1348.

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The uncertainty of long-term bonding strength of flue gas desulfurization building gypsum and cement based construction materials is the major issue impeding the application of flue gas desulfurization building gypsum in construction. A polymer cement mortar is suggested to get high bonding quality with flue gas desulfurization building gypsum. Long-term bonding observation has been carried out to verify the bonding performance of suggested polymer cement mortar with flue gas desulfurization gypsum. The results show that the bonding strength is up to 3.0MPa, and the bonding between them is durable.

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Wang, Xin Wen, and Wei Jun Zhang. "Study on Influencing Factors of Asphalt Fume Releasing and its Hazards." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1257.

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A large number of experiments were done in order to find out the main factors which have an influence on the asphalt flue production in asphalt road construction and to master its dangers. The results show that the asphalt flue production varies with heating temperature, heating time, the asphalt thickness and stirring rate significantly. accordingly these are the main factors which influence the asphalt flue production. Further analysis by means of UV spectrophotometer and liquid chromatography shows that the asphalt flue contains serious harm to human body, such as aromatic compounds, alkanes, and sulfur heterocyclic compounds and other substances. therefore some steps should be taken to inhibit the production of asphalt flue for reducing the hazards to construction workers.

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Khai, Mykhailo. "Musical and instrumental culture of Ukrainians as a component of the formation of national outlook." Aspects of Historical Musicology 19, no. 19 (February 7, 2020): 94–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-19.06.

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Background. One of the integrating, determining and identifying forces of the social progress of the entire human community is the custom and folklore tradition of the smallest sub-ethnic units / constituents individual nations and peoples, their verbal and ethno-cultural (including ethno-musical) sources, that, like rivers and brooks, fill the ocean of culture promoting for life and further development. The structure of the traditional Ukrainian musical culture, along with the well-known the old practices of group singing, itinerant kobzars and lira players, also consists of a powerful musical-instrumental component (herdsman’s folklore, calendarian-ritual chanting and dance). The aim and methods of the research. This article examines the phenomenon of traditional instrumentalism from the point of view of its fundamental influences on the worldviews regarding the formation and functioning of the ethnic sound of Ukrainians based on the longtime field-type, theoretical, pedagogical and practical (scientific and reconstructive musical performing) the experience of the author. The research results. Especially effective and such that, in recent years, was involved in the processes of salvation and “strengthening” (the term by S. Hrytsa) of traditional musical aesthetics, is the method of scientific and executive reconstruction of old folk music genres and forms. Systematic scientific-theoretical and structural-typological analytical work aimed at reproducing prototypes and structural details of reconstructed objects, forms, genres and actions of traditional Ukrainian musical culture, including instrumental, was reflected primarily in the research of S. Hrytsa (2000; 2002; 2015), A. Ivanytskyi (2007), I. Matsiievskyi (2012), B. Kindratiuk (2012), V. Yarmola (2014) and the author of these lines (Khai, M., 2011a; 2011b; 2013 and others). The author of the article thoroughly considers special issues of indexing musical instruments according to the system of E. Hornbostl – K. Sachs with the principle of division into classes, subclasses, categories, subdivisions; for the first time in Ukrainian ethnoorganology he carrys out a complete and consistent grouping of Ukrainian folk musical instruments. It is stated that the most important criteria of all classifications are: form, construction, structure, way of playing, repertoire, manner of performance. The criteria of traditionalism and functioning of folk instruments are determined separately (see: Khai, M., 2011a: 145–261). Based on this, Ukrainian folk musical instruments are considered in the following groups: 1) folk idiophones (self-sounding), 2) folk membranophones; 3) folk chordophones (strings); 4) folk aerophones (wind). Analyzing the existing classifications of national instrumental music, the author puts forward the thesis: areas of distribution and “density of ingrowth” of non-ethnic and authorial elements in the traditional centers of Ukrainian national instrumental music are mostly related to factors of geographical proximity, of natural extinction and administrative-repressive planting of alluvial and so-called “parallel” culture. Experiments on the instrumental traditions of Ukrainians, along with the autochthonous traditional instrumental repertoire, testify to the active functioning at the level of reception / ingrowth of works of other national origin. The interethnic and inter-genre transformation of the folk-instrumental style is connected with the spread of the Moscow, Polish, Romanian and Jewish intonation elements on the territory of the country. Touching the extremely complex and topical problems of archetypal traditional culture, interethnic relations of nations in the modern kaleidoscope of globalization processes, the article focuses on the negative (forced, administrative-aggressive absorption and destruction) and the positive (diversity, enrichment) interactions of the mentioned cultural elements. Characterizing from the positions mentioned here the main features of the ethnic sound ideal in the instrumental tradition of Ukrainians, the author defends its “European model” (tendency to cantilena sound of violin and flute ) as opposed to the type, which dominates the ethnosonic aesthetics of East – tremolo on one string. For the first time in these studies, the thesis is asserted that sounds that imitate the human voice or complement it predominate in Ukraine: flute cantilena, bandura-kobza and partly cymbal arpeggio, which differ significantly and fundamentally from the “Asian” coloristics of one-string tremolo. Conclusions. The final outcome of the study, about the cathartic function of traditional instrumentalism and musical culture in modern social-sublimation processes of human development and, conversely – about neglecting it as a manner to the complete destruction of human civilization as such, steers away from pessimism, inspiring hope for survival in the cataclysms of nature and society as a whole.

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Oleskiewicz, Mary. "The Flutes of Quantz: Their Construction and Performing Practice." Galpin Society Journal 53 (April 2000): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/842324.

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Manz, David H., Robert E. Loov, and Jim Webber. "Brooks Aqueduct." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 16, no. 5 (October 1, 1989): 684–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l89-102.

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The Brooks Aqueduct is a very large elevated flume commissioned in 1914 by the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) to carry water at the rate of 25.5 m3/s over a valley 3.2 km wide and 20 m deep. Construction of the aqueduct permitted the irrigation of a 50 000 ha block of land within a region now known as the Eastern Irrigation District in southern Alberta. The flume is 6.5 m wide and 2.5 m deep with a curved cross section. It is supported by 1030 columns. A 3000 mm diameter inverted syphon near the outlet of the flume permitted the crossing of the CPR main line through the valley. All components of the aqueduct, including the shell of the flume, columns, syphon, and inlet and outlet structures, were constructed of reinforced concrete. The Brooks Aqueduct was abandoned in 1979 with the completion of its earth-fill replacement. Except for a 122 m section, removed to permit the construction of a county road, the old aqueduct still stands. It serves to remind us of the significant engineering accomplishments of the pioneer civil engineers who helped to realize ambitions to irrigate the vast plains of southern Alberta at the turn of the century. On May 28, 1988, the Brooks Aqueduct was named a National Historic Civil Engineering Site by the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering. Key words: Brooks Aqueduct, history.

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Zhijun, Tong, Xiao Bingguang, Chen Xuejun, Fang Dunhuang, Zhang Yihan, Huang Changjun, and Li Yongping. "Construction of a genetic linkage map of cigar tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) based on SSR markers and comparative studies." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 54, No. 3 (September 5, 2018): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/121/2017-cjgpb.

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Genetic linkage maps representing the tobacco genome have been an important tool for breeding programs because of the elucidation of polygenic traits. We constructed a genetic linkage map of cigar tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) based on an inter-type backcross population of 213 individuals and performed a comparative analysis with other published maps of dark tobacco and flue-cured tobacco. The map consisted of 562 SSR loci distributed on 24 tentative linkage groups and spanned a total length of 1341.18 cM with an average distance of 2.39 cM between adjacent markers. The comparative analysis revealed a Spearman correlation index of 0.93 for marker order conservation with the previously published maps constructed for different tobacco types. Approximately 91% of the SSR markers common to other inter-type maps were located in the same positions as in previous maps. The three maps exhibit good synteny in terms of the shared markers, which suggests that there might be no translocation variations between the genomes of the cigar, dark and flue-cured tobaccos. These results indicate the feasibility of generating a unique genetic map of preferred traits in cigar tobacco and that such mapping may be helpful for breeding programs because plants derived from different inter-type populations can be rapidly scanned using the markers associated with useful cigar traits

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Zhu, Hong. "Research of Anticorrosion in Desulfurization Flue." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.462.

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Anti-corrosion coating in desulphurization flue of one wet flue gas desulfurization equipment (FGD) (model 1 and model 2) was designed and studied according to environmental and technical parameters of a coal-fired power plant. And relevant design requirements were confirmed. Application results showed that polyureas has wear and high temperature physical properties, so that it can be used in flue desulfurization equipment for anticorrosion. When the construction of a thickness of 2.0 mm, the high-temperature polyureas protective coating appearance smooth, EDM(electric discharge machining) 100% pass rate, adhesion 10.8 MPa, at 160 °C environment still had outstanding performance, that make sure it could reach its design life of the flue based on estimating the corrosion margin.

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Campbell, JS. "Tobacco and the Environment: The Continuous Reduction of Worldwide Energy Source Use for Green Leaf Curing." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 16, no. 3 (July 1, 1995): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0637.

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AbstractAir-, flue-, fire-, and sun-cured, tobacco types require post-harvest curing of green leaves to produce optimum subjective and objective qualities for storage and subsequent processing and manufacture. Materials for construction of curing barns vary widely between countries. The major use of heating fuels within such structures is for flue-cured tobacco. Choice of energy sources, coal, wood, oil or gas depends on local availability, cost, and relative efficiencies. The vital importance of reducing such materials to a minimum has been recognised for many years by research into improving barn and furnace design and construction. Consumption of wood for curing has been shown to represent a minute proportion of total world wide consumer use. To ensure local availability, the growing of trees by flue cured farmers on a personal, self-sufficient, sustainable basis is well underway in parts of Africa, Asia, and South and Central America. Tobacco production, within an environmental farming system, on an economic basis, is discussed and strongly stressed.

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Kang, Xiang Ping, and Ning Feng. "Safety Management and Insurance of the Construction Projects." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 812–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.812.

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The insurance is the valid means which transfers engineering risk, but applied very limited in our country. The present condition of the construction engineering insurance and the factors restraining its wide application are investigated. The investigation results indicated that the main factors restricting the development of construction engineering are various. The knowledge to insurance is not enough, or the fluke mind is existing. The contractor is inactive to insure. The owner regards the insurance as compulsive request of the government and the bank and has to fulfill it.

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Lan, Ya Mei, Yong Guo Li, and Wen Hua Guo. "Numerical Model of Wave Flume." Applied Mechanics and Materials 138-139 (November 2011): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.138-139.79.

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Based on the finite volume method, the Navier-Stokes equations was used as the governing equations to develop a new module of the wave generating and absorbing function. The wave generating was introduced as the man-made source terms into the momentum equations, which was suitable for the volume of fluid method (VOF). Within the numerical wave flume, the reflected waves from the construction could be absorbed effectively. The absorbing section arranged at the end of the wave flume was for absorbing the incident wave, which allows for random and effective working time within the reletively smaller computation domain. Consequently, the computation efficiency was greatly improved. Finally, the validity of the absorbing section arranged at the front and end of the wave flume was investigated individually.

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Warniyati, Warniyati, Radianta Triatmadja, Nur Yuwono, and David S. V. L. Bangguna. "Design of a Facility for Tsunami Run up Generation to Study Tsunami and Seawall Interaction." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 5, no. 1 (January 17, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.39130.

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Experimental researches on the tsunami in the laboratory have been conducted using various methods. The use and techniques of tsunami wave generator depend on the objective of the tsunami observation to be conducted. When the objective is the scouring at the downstream of a seawall, the use of a short flume with control discharge seems to be appropriate. A valve with a mechanic controller was equipped to control the discharge from a reservoir into the flume. A numerical simulation of discharge into the flume and the overflow above the seawall was conducted to determine the dimension of the tsunami flume and its generator before construction. The experiments were conducted to simulate the hydrograph of tsunami overflow above the seawall model. The numerical hydrograph is found to be comparable with the experimental hydrograph. This indicates that the tsunami wave generator is capable of simulating tsunami hydrograph and ready for further use of simulations.

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Tokalic, R., S. Marinkovic, P. Trifunovic, G. Devic, and S. Zildzovic. "Preliminary Examination of the System Fly Ash-Bottom Ash-Flue Gas Desulphurization Gypsum-Portland Cement-Water for Road Construction." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/421480.

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This paper describes an investigation into the use of three power plant wastes: fly ash, flue gas desulphurization gypsum, and bottom ash for subbase layers in road construction. Two kinds of mixtures of these wastes with Portland cement and water were made: first with fly ash consisting of coarser particles (<1.651 mm) and second with fly ash consisting of smaller particles (<0.42 mm). The mass ratio of fly ash-Portland cement-flue gas desulphurization gypsum-bottom ash was the same (3 : 1 : 1 : 5) in both mixtures. For both mixtures, the compressive strength, the mineralogical composition, and the leaching characteristics were determined at different times, 7 and 28 days, after preparation. The obtained results showed that both mixtures could find a potential use for subbase layers in road construction.

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Zhou, Juan, Duo Xin Zhang, and Xian Liang Liu. "Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm for Structural Optimization Design of Flumes with Hybrid Discrete Variables." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.672.

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The traditional method applying to solve continuous variable optimization problems is not suit for flume structural optimization design with hybrid discrete variable. According to the mathematical model of structural optimum design of the prestressed U-shell flumes, differential evolution (DE) algorithm was introduced to flume structural optimization design. In order to improve the population’s diversity and the ability of escaping from the local optimum, a self-adapting crossover probability factor was presented. Furthermore, a chaotic sequence based on logistic map was employed to self-adaptively adjust mutation factor based on linear crossover, which can improve the convergence of DE algorithm. Dynamic penalty function, to transform the constrained problem to unconstrained one, was employed. The result shows that, compared with the original design scheme, the optimization design scheme can greatly reduce the amount of prestressed reinforcement. The construction cost of both the flume and the whole project can be reduced accordingly.

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32

Kościukiewicz, Jakub. "Cello in the Baroque, part 1." Notes Muzyczny 1, no. 9 (June 20, 2018): 9–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.9895.

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The article was based on a fragment of the author’s doctoral dissertation entitled The birth of cello as a solo instrument – instruments, practice, and selected literature examples (Academy of Music in Łódź, chapter The evolution of cello in the 17th century) and consists of two parts. The first part outlines of the evolution of cello from its birth in the 16th century to the 18th century (the text is supplemented with illustrations), whereas the second part describes the role and use of cello in music of that period. The introduction to the article includes a critical reference to the list of academic and popular science publications therein, in Polish and other languages, touching on the cello issue in the 17th and 18th centuries. The historical part touches on the circumstances of how the violin family emerged with a special attention paid to bass representatives of that group of instruments. Following a detailed analysis of preserved instruments, their reliable copies, luthier publications, illustrations and treatises from that period, the author discussed the construction of the earlies cellos. Apart from data concerning sizes and scale length of these instruments, the article includes information about their body, neck, fingerboard (with slope angle), bridge and tailpiece, materials they were made of, and types and gauge of strings used at that time. It also describes cello tuning methods. Moreover, the author mentions different types of cello (piccolo, da spalla, basse de violon) and different ways of how it was held. A separate issue are the bows, especially types of bows, their evolution and ways of holding. This part of the article is concluded with a list of different names of bass variants of the violin used in the 16th and 17th centuries before the name cello/violoncello finally settled. The second part of the article elaborates on the most important functions of cello: as a consort instrument, a universal continuo instrument or a solo instrument. Cello (along with viola da gamba or dulcian/bassoon) managed especially well as a melodic instrument co-rendering the continuo parts, and the result was that the basso continuo became the most important domain of cello in the Baroque, having a significant influence on the shape of playing technique and performance practice of that instrument. As one of melodic bass instruments, cello performed an important role in shaping the concertante style, along with the violin, shawm/oboe, cornet or flute. It was that practice combined with the improvisation practice developed simultaneously (which also influenced the development of the instrument itself) that the idea to write first autonomous compositions for the cello (solo, chamber or with basso continuo) emerged from at the end of the 17th century. Continuation of this article, which shall be devoted to Baroque works for the cello and their composers, will be published in the following issue of “Notes Muzyczny”.

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Lišková, Zuzana, and Juraj Olbřímek. "Comparison of Requirements in Slovak and Selected Foreign Legislation on the Issue of Safe Distance of the Wooden Building Structures from the Flue." Applied Mechanics and Materials 820 (January 2016): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.820.396.

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The paper deals with the solution of interconnections of flue and combustible construction products in the fire safety design. It is focused mainly on a prescribed value of safe distance of the wooden building construction from a single-walled metal chimneys. The aim of article is to point out the necessity to solve the contradictory requirements in the Slovak legislation and inconsistency with the foreign regulations in terms of fire rates caused by chimneys and flues.

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Huang, Jin, Ling Lin, Xiang Gao, Tingyu Zhu, Xuecheng Wu, Zhiming Fu, Xiaoxin Zhang, Yangyang Guo, and Xiaomiao Yan. "Research on evaluation indicators system of operation performance for desulfurization denitrification and dedusting equipment in key industries." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911801014.

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As the situation of air pollutants control is more severe and the policy of energy-saving and emission reduction related industries become stricter at current time, it’s urgent to carry out operation performance assessment work for flue gas desulfurization denitrification and dedusting equipment. This article analyses the current operation situation of the equipment of air pollutants emission and control in thermal power and steel industries in China, which shows the necessity and the urgency of a series of national technical specifications of operation performance assessment for flue gas desulfurization denitrification and dedusting equipment in key industries. Furthermore, the paper highlights the building of operation performance evaluation indicators system for coal-fired flue gas desulfurization denitrification equipment and dust collector for sintering flue gas from iron and steel industries, and the qualitative assessment requirements and the quantitative evaluation indicators, which could promote the construction of operation effectiveness assessment mechanism for air pollutants control equipment of key industries in China and accelerate the reliability and the effectiveness of the equipment operating in China by standardization.

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Kaiser, Jeff. "Improvising Technology: Constructing Virtuosity." Cuadernos de Música, Artes Visuales y Artes Escénicas 13, no. 2 (July 6, 2018): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.mavae13-2.itcv.

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In this paper, I explore how contemporary musicians using electronic technologies in improvised music conceptualize skill and virtuosity in their musical practices. This includes ideas about the role and agency of technology, learned and repeatable physical skill, skill acquisition, skill transmission, and the projection of learned skill from traditional instruments onto new instruments. The musicians’ use of idiosyncratic and individually constructed instruments—instruments with little or no history of a performance practice—makes this field a rich resource to examine how such conceptions are developed. Among the musicians I interviewed, the relationship between physical skill and virtuosity is particularly contested. While they frequently value such skill, they also connect it to perceived excesses of certain factions within Western art music, jazz, and other established musical performance practices where physical skill can be conflated with (or considered as the primary element of) musical skill, writ large. This perception of the excess and the prioritization of physical skill have led some interviewed musicians to adopt antivirtuosity as a reactive counter-ideology or to explore the less tangible concepts of hearing, creativity, imagination, memory, novelty, innovation, and even ideas of management as constitutive of musical virtuosity and skill. This paper is part of a larger ethnographic examination of a diverse cross-section of contemporary musicians who improvise with new, repurposed, and reinvented electronic technologies, including Robert Henke (one of the original authors of the software package Ableton Live), guitarist Nels Cline (Wilco), composer and flute player Anne La Berge, and trumpeter/composer Wadada Leo Smith.

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Baran, Edyta, Sebastian Czernik, Mariusz Hynowski, Bartosz Michałowski, Michał Piasecki, Justyna Tomaszewska, and Jacek Michalak. "Quantifying Environmental Burdens of Plasters Based on Natural vs. Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Gypsum." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 4298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084298.

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The ongoing global climate change and the associated environmental degradation pose a threat to Europe and the rest of the world. Raw materials and energy are required to produce building materials, which are used for construction purposes. Resulting buildings and structures generate waste during construction, operation, and demolition, and they emit potentially harmful substances. Thus, the key to achieving climate goals is to support low-emission materials and technologies in the construction sector, significantly impacting the environment. In the European Union, building materials are not yet subject to mandatory sustainability assessment during the assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP). Objective evaluation of construction materials’ environmental impact requires it to be carried out based on production data on an industrial scale. This article presents the environmental impact of premixed gypsum-based plasters, commonly used in modern construction. Nine environmental indicators (global warming potential (GWP), depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), formation potential of tropospheric ozone (POCP), abiotic depletion potential (ADP)-elements, ADP-fossil fuels, renewable primary energy resources (PERT), and nonrenewable primary energy resources (PERNT)) of premixed gypsum plasters based on natural and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum were estimated and discussed. Knowledge of the construction products’ environmental impact is fundamental for creating reliable databases. AVCP of construction materials in the future will use the data collected during the voluntary environmental impact evaluation.

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Pafcuga, Marian, Andrej Kapjor, David Hecko, and Martin Vantuch. "Numerical and CFD Design of Heat Exchanger Used to Biomass Combustion." MATEC Web of Conferences 328 (2020): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032802005.

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The article describes the design of a heat exchanger used for biomass combustion. The design takes into account simple maintenance of the exchanger, low input costs of construction and the highest possible efficiency. In the design is used the tubular type of heat exchanger. The construction consists of a tubular part - flue gas part, inter-tube space - heat transfer medium space. The output of the numerical model, CFD model is the heat transfer coefficient, heat exchanger power and final comparison of CFD and numerical model outputs.

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Konieczyński, Jan, Bogusław Komosiński, Ewelina Cieślik, Tomasz Konieczny, Barbara Mathews, Tomasz Rachwał, and Grzegorz Rzońca. "Research into properties of dust from domestic central heating boiler fired with coal and solid biofuels." Archives of Environmental Protection 43, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aep-2017-0019.

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Abstract The aim of this research was to assess the content and composition of the pollutants emitted by domestic central heating boilers equipped with an automatic underfeed fuel delivery system for the combustion chamber. The comparative research was conducted. It concerned fuel properties, flue gas parameters, contents of dust (fl y ash) and gaseous substances polluting the air in the flue gases emitted from a domestic CH boiler burning bituminous coal, pellets from coniferous wood, cereal straw, miscanthus, and sunflower husks, coniferous tree bark, and oats and barley grain. The emission factors for dust and gaseous air pollutants were established as they are helpful to assess the contribution of such boilers in the atmospheric air pollution. When assessing the researched boiler, it was found out that despite the development in design and construction, flue gases contained fly ash with a significant EC content, which affected the air quality.

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WHITE, R. P., J. A. IVANY, and J. R. ENMAN. "INEXPENSIVE NO-TILL ATTACHMENT FOR A TWO-ROW CORN PLANTER." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66, no. 3 (July 1, 1986): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps86-096.

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A steel frame supporting two fluted coulters, and mounted between a tractor and a two-row corn planter, successfully planted no-till corn (Zea mays L.) in cereal and corn stubble. No significant differences occurred in corn yield or maturity between the no-till and regularly tilled corn in three years. Construction details are presented.Key words: No-till corn, corn planter modifications, stubble planting

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40

Rousseau, P. G., M. van Eldik, and G. P. Greyvenstein. "Detailed simulation of fluted tube water heating condensers." International Journal of Refrigeration 26, no. 2 (March 2003): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-7007(02)00077-4.

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41

Li, Xue Tao. "The Study on the Installation Process of Flue Gas Heat Exchanger." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 3702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.3702.

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At present, the installation of flue gas heat exchanger have not uniform method of working at home and abroad. The Install process using different items, By analyzing the duration and cost of using different construction techniques of several 2 × 200MW-scale projects,I found that the range of 31% difference in duration, the cost difference between the range of 23% (having regard to price factors),it is necessary to develop efficient installation process to reduce costs and improve efficiency. The study of this process more than 2 × 200MW unit boiler desulfurization system installation to determine the formation of national construction method and lay a solid foundation.

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Khajenoori, Leila, Grant Wright, and Martin Crapper. "Laboratory Investigation of Geobag Revetment Performance in Rivers." Geosciences 11, no. 8 (July 22, 2021): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11080304.

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Geobag (sand-filled geotextile bags) revetments have recently emerged as long-term riverbank protection measures in developing countries; however, their performance is still not well understood. The hydraulic stability of geobag revetments used for riverbank protection has been studied within an extensive laboratory programme to improve our understanding of the complete failure processes of geobag revetments. A 1:10 scale distorted physical model was tested in a laboratory flume, comparing a range of different construction methods and revetment side slopes, subjected to different flow loading. The results indicate that whilst failure mechanisms are highly dependent on water depth and revetment slope, the construction method had no noticeable impact. It was thus concluded that the dominating factor is the friction between individual geobags, which itself is dependent on bag longitudinal overlap rather than a specific construction method.

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Yu, Tao, Ping Yi Wang, Qian Ying Liu, and Jing Tao Zheng. "Study on the Beach Protection with the Tetrahedron Like Penetrating Frame Groups." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 2533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.2533.

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The triangular taper penetrating frame is always used at the flood and bank protection. It is given that the tendency of longitudinal and lateral water surface profile and change of velocity near the triangular taper penetrating frame by the flume generalized model experiment and compared with the flow structure near the triangular taper penetrating frame with beach protection construction or not. It points out the triangular taper penetrating frame can protect the beach better.

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Zhang, Bei, Huguang He, Jiannan Zhou, Qiang Zhou, and Hualin Fan. "Construction and failure analysis of ultra-light GFRP fluted-core sandwich protective structures." Composites Science and Technology 173 (March 2019): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.02.003.

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Lv, Tai, Kun Lu, and Li Jing Song. "Analysis and Settlement of Gypsum Rain Issue in the Wet-Type FGD." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 3396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3396.

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At present, for the most part of new construction Coal-fired units desulfurization system has canceled the GGH system in our country, using the wet chimney emissions, but when the Power plant operationed it always apper the phenomenon of “gypsum rain”. In this paper, using the method of extraction part of hot secondary air to heating clean flue gas, and use fluent for three-dimensional numerical simulation with pipeline has been transformed and before it hasn’t transformed, using the κ-ε model and SIMPLE algorithm for calculating. Through the comparison of simulation results and test results, the results indicated that using the methods of hot secondary air to heating clean flue gas to reduce gesso rain is feasible and reasonable.

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Pafcuga, Marian, Michal Holubcik, Peter Durcansky, Andrej Kapjor, and Milan Malcho. "Small Heat Source Used for Combustion of Wheat-Straw Pellets." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 5239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115239.

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Wheat straw, as a secondary waste agricultural product, presents a potential renewable source of energy. It is necessary to design simple heat sources to achieve better usage. As part of an analysis of heat sources, a tubular type of heat exchanger was reviewed. The design of the exchanger was focused on the smallest possible dimensional requirements, low costs, high reliability and easy maintenance. We chose a tubular type of heat exchanger. In our case, flue gas flows through the tubes, and water flows outside of the tubes. This type of exchanger allows for continuous cleaning, but also simple maintenance, even in case of equipment failure. It is possible to replace individual parts (pipes) of equipment that are exposed to the adverse corrosive effects of biomass flue gases. A mathematical model was composed to compute the construction of a heat source. The model was verified by CFD simulation. The main idea of this design is modularity. The composed model can be used to design a series of similar heat sources with different levels of power, and which, as it is of maximal availability for this type of construction, increase use of waste straw as fuel by small farms.

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Badhan Saha, Mazharul Islam, Abu Torab, and Dewan Hasan Ahmed. "Investigation of Wave Characteristics with Rotor Type Water Wave Generator." Journal on Today's Ideas - Tomorrow's Technologies 5, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jotitt.2017.52008.

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Wave energy is the most available energy associated in deep water seas and oceans. Therefore, many attempts have been applied to capture these energies. This paper describes the design, construction and testing of water wave flume. The water wave flume contains an electromechanically driven rotor type wave maker to generate water wave powers. The waves are constructed by different sizes and arrangements of blades which are connected to the rotor. The rotor is driven by an ac motor to generate wave. At the end of the tank a force measuring device is attached opposite to the rotor to measure the thrust of the wave. Experimental results are validated with available literature and wave theory. The results also show that the width of the blade play major role in generating wave sizes including frequency, amplitude and the power. Wider blade displaces much water to generate wave but reduces the blade speed.

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Gil, Iwona, and Piotr Mocek. "CFD analysis of mixing intensity in jet stirred reactors." Chemical and Process Engineering 33, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10176-012-0035-9.

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Abstract The homogeneous stirred reactor designed for kinetic studies of the combustion of hydrocarbons with intensive internal recirculation in high temperature combustion chamber is described. The originality of our reactor lies in its construction which allows to intensively mix fuel and flue gases, measure gas temperature as well as obtain samples which can be used to investigate diffusion flames. The cylindrical construction enables to use the reactor in laboratory cylindrical electrically heated ovens. The CFD analysis of the reactors, the mixing parameters (turbulent Peclet number and mixing level) and the volume average temperature in the reactors were elaborated on the basis of the typical dimensions of classical reactors to kinetics research as well as the own reactor design. The results of the analysis allow to reveal advantages of our construction.

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Vangeli, Pascale Sotto, and Bo Ivarsson. "High Temperature Service Experience and Failure Analysis of some Heat Resistant Stainless Steels." Materials Science Forum 696 (September 2011): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.696.120.

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Construction materials are exposed to aggressive high temperature environments and it is important for materials selection to identify the failure mechanism of corroded components. This paper describes work done at Outokumpu Avesta Research Centre, Sweden to diagnose the high temperature problems of two different stainless steel components. It describes how the severity of the corrosion was the result of interaction of a number of factors, and outlines the measures taken to alleviate the problems. The discussion highlights how heavy carburization could be a problem for the heat resistant grade 310S, used as construction material for tanks in charcoal production and how Cl-containing flue gases heavily corrode stainless steel.

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Wang, Wen Huan, Wei Guo Pan, and Guo Xin Hu. "Cost Control of 600 MW Coal-Fired Units Denitration Based on LCA." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.357.

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Life cycle analysis combined with technical economic evaluation method in the paper to control the cost of denitration. A simple model for denitration cost is developed. The influence of different flue gas concentration of NOx to the cost of unit denitration is analysed by life cycle analysis, includes construction, operation and decommissioning, which based on 600 MW coal-fired units. Preliminary calculations reveal that comparing with directly using the denitration technology of selective catalytic reduction (SCR), after using Air staged Low NOx Combustion Technology reduced NOx below 400mg/m3, using SCR denitration further decreased the concentration of NOx in flue gas to 100mg/m3 can save more than 44% of the general denitration cost. This can improve effectively the environmental protection and economy of the coal-fired unit.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Flute – Construction'

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