Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flush water

Academic literature on the topic 'Flush water'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Flush water.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Flush water"

1

Phan, Nati K., and Samendra P. Sherchan. "Microbiological Assessment of Tap Water Following the 2016 Louisiana Flooding." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041273.

Full text
Abstract:
Floods are a prominent risk factor in the world of public health, as there is a risk of dispersal of harmful biological and chemical contaminants in floodwater. As climate change increases, the occurrence of natural disasters and risk of adverse health outcomes due to flash flooding also increases. Fecal indicator bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Enterococci, are often encountered in contaminated floodwater and can cause gastrointestinal illnesses as well as a variety of infections. In August 2016, East Baton Rouge and surrounding parishes in Louisiana suffered heavy floods due to intense rainfall. No study of water quality during flooding has been conducted previously in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Twenty-three pre-flush and post-flush water samples were collected immediately from accessible homes that had been affected by the floods in order to quantify concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria. These samples were analyzed for the presence of E. coli and Enterococci through both quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the IDEXX enzyme substrate method. The qPCR results indicated that 30% of the samples contained Enterococci and 61% of the samples contained E. coli, with the highest concentrations found in the pre-flush outdoor hose and the pre-flush kitchen tap. The IDEXX method yielded total coliforms in 65% of the samples, E. coli in 4%, and Enterococci in 35%, with the highest concentrations in the pre-flush outdoor faucet and the pre-flush post-filtration kitchen tap. Physical parameters including temperature, barometer pressure, dissolved oxygen, oxidation reduction potential, pH, conductivity, and salinity of these samples were also recorded. Of these parameters, conductivity and salinity were significant, suggesting they may positively influence E. coli and Enterococci growth.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Meheriuk, M., and G. H. Neilsen. "Fruit quality of McIntosh apples irrigated with well or municipal waste water." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 1267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-176.

Full text
Abstract:
McIntosh apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) irrigated with municipal waste water were softer at harvest and had lower fruit Cu than comparable fruit irrigated with well water. Fruit size, percent red skin color, soluble solids content and fruit N, Ca, K/Ca, K + Mg/Ca, K + Mg + Na/Ca, B, Fe, Mn and Zn were not affected by source of water. Fruit P, Mg, K and Na were higher in apples irrigated with waste water in the second but not the first year of the 2-yr study. Titratable acidity was higher with well water the first year and with waste water the second year. Incidence of core flush was higher in the fruit irrigated with waste water. Key words: Apple, skin color, flesh firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, fruit Ca, Mg, K, Cu, Na, N and P, core flush
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Kaur, Rajdeep, Gurnoor Kaur, Sarbjeet Kaur, Gurleen Kaur, Bikramdeep Singh, Manpinder Singh, and Harnoor Kaur. "3 in 1 Smart Water Saving Device." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 1006–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47094.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract: Friends, nowadays the level of water is decreasing day by day, to save this level of water, all the people are making efforts such as collecting rain water, using RO’s waste water for plants etc. We also wanted to make an effort which will help to a great extent in saving the water level. Friends, you must have seen that 10 liters of water is stored in the flush tank and using it repeatedly consumes a lot of water. To save this water, we have thought of a solution. It will have an arrangement in which two containers of 2 liter and 5 liter will be placed inside the flush tank. The waste water from the kitchen sink will be sent to the sewerage which will be stored in the storage tank and purified and reused in the flush tank. This idea will be of great benefit.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Zhang, Chao, Bo Fu Li, and Ying He Jiang. "Flush Rule and Initial Flush Analysis of Cement Concrete Pavement." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.701.

Full text
Abstract:
Road runoff was the major contribute to water body pollution. According to the cement concrete pavement flush was evaluated by artificial rainfall model, the experiment indicated that the runoff coefficient of cement concrete pavement was 0.85, the flush coefficient of dissolvable pollutant of road runoff flush model k was 0.082, and the flush coefficient of indissolvable pollutant of road runoff flush model k was 0.057. With the increasing cumulate runoff ratio, the initial flush coefficient kn was decreasing. The emission of 90% dissolvable pollutant and of 30% indissolvable pollutant was removed by 30% runoff.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Doyle, Kelly C., and Peter Shanahan. "Effect of first flush on storage-reliability-yield of rainwater harvesting." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2012.055.

Full text
Abstract:
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) entails capture of rainwater falling on a roof and conveyance to a storage tank for later use as domestic water supply. During dry weather, dust and pollutants accumulate on the roof surface and are subsequently washed off with the ‘first flush’ at the beginning of the next rain. Diverting the first flush can improve the quality of stored water but at the cost of reducing the reliability with which the system can supply water. A storage-reliability-yield (SRY) analysis of RWH was completed for Bisate, Rwanda for a period of 20 years with a range of normalized storage volumes and yields. Reliability expressed as days per year on which demand was met was determined for alternative first-flush strategies and compared to the reliability of an otherwise equivalent system without first-flush diversion. Diversion of the first flush was found to reduce reliability by at most 8%. Analysis of three existing RWH systems in Bisate indicates that a recommended 1 mm first-flush diversion would reduce the number of days the system meets demand by no more than 7 days per year.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Lorenzen, Arne, Erik Ristenpart, and Wolfgang Pfuhl. "Flush cleaning of sewers." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 9 (April 1, 1996): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0216.

Full text
Abstract:
Flush cleaning experiments were conducted in a combined sewer in the city of Hannover using two existing gate valves. The aim of the investigation was to find a practicable cleaning recipe for a particular sewer section, where frequent cleaning actions are necessary due to massive sedimentation. Flush cleaning could be shown to be a powerful method to move sediments, however, the distance between the gate valves and the sewer section to be cleaned was to large, as to successfully clean the particular sewer section. The flush height, its velocity and duration, the frequency of flush events and perhaps the time of arrival of a flush are important qualities in oder to achieve good cleaning results. Modern flush cleaning tools like the Biogest system and the Hydrass Valve are powerful devices with excellent performances and without the shortcomings of other typs of valves. Flush cleaning should be considered when choosing a cleaning method for a particular sewer. It is a method which is economic and ecologic.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Pasquin, John P. "5005225 Dual flush valve for water closets." Environment International 18, no. 3 (January 1992): V. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(92)90132-n.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Prisciandaro, M., and G. Mazziotti di Celso. "Back-flush effects on superficial water ultrafiltration." Desalination 256, no. 1-3 (June 2010): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.02.025.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

SINGH, ANUP KUMAR, B. H. M. PATEL, MUKESH SINGH, G. K. GAUR, M. R. VERMA, TRIVENI DUTT, and P. CAROLINA. "Assessment of autoflush machine for cleaning of toilet area/elimination area in weaner pen." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 88, no. 11 (November 22, 2018): 1316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v88i11.85072.

Full text
Abstract:
An attempt was made to develop auto-flush machine for cleaning of toilet area/elimination area. To study the auto-flush system, a total of 10 weaners were divided into two groups (having 5 each), viz. G1 (weaners kept in a modified intensive pen with auto flush system) and G2 (weaners in intensive pen without auto-flush). The defecation pattern/trend was observed 24 h consecutively for 5 days. Each weaner defecated 8.40±0.23 and 8.92±0.13 times per day in G1 and G2 respectively. The auto-flush was assessed indirectly based on parameters like hygiene score of floor, hygiene score of animals, amount of water consumed and manpower required for cleaning of pen in 5 days. Hygiene score of floor was higher in G1 (143±0.63) compare to G2 (112.2±1.7). Hygiene score of animals was higher in G1 (5) compared to G2 (2.6). Water consumed for cleaning was lower in G1 (162.8±9.06 litres) than G2 (212±1.4 liters). Manpower requirement in G1 (7.85±0.24 sec) was lower than G2 (175.48±2.11 sec). It can be concluded that all weaners used the elimination area for defecation in G1. The auto-flush system helped in saving water, labour time and maintained the cleanliness of both floor and animal.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Gnoatto, Eloise Leonora, Andreza Kalbusch, and Elisa Henning. "Evaluation of the Environmental and Economic Impacts on the Life Cycle of Different Solutions for Toilet Flush Systems." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 30, 2019): 4742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174742.

Full text
Abstract:
The use of plumbing fixtures to promote water saving in the built environment is a common practice in water conservation programs. However, the environmental implications of fixtures replacement should be taken into consideration. This paper analyzes three different scenarios for the provision of water in toilets installed in a university campus. In scenarios 1 and 2, single flush and dual flush devices were installed in the toilets, respectively. In scenario 3, in addition to the installation of dual flush devices, a greywater reuse system from the lavatories was analyzed. The objective is to evaluate, through the Life Cycle Assessment, the environmental aspects related to these scenarios. The economic analysis of the three scenarios was also carried out. Measurements were taken on all plumbing fixtures installed in a building of a university campus in Southern Brazil. The research was conducted using smart meters in two periods: with single flush and dual flush devices installed in toilets. Considering the environmental impacts analyzed, scenario 3 presented lower water and energy consumption in the life cycle. Scenario 2, however, presented lower global warming potential. The net present value results were R$ 23,575.71, R$ 19,091.41, and R$ 22,500.55 for scenarios 1, 2 and 3, respectively.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flush water"

1

Ringler, Simon. "First Flush Characterization of Storm Water Runoff." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/537.

Full text
Abstract:
This proposed research focused on the characterization of first flush in storm water runoff from elevated roadways, to assist the establishment of a storm water program and to facilitate the selection of treatment technology. Storm water runoff from highways transports a significant load of contaminants, especially heavy metals and particulate matter, to receiving waters. Heavy metals, either in dissolved or particulate bound phases, are unique in the fact that unlike organic compounds, they are not degraded in the environment. The objective was to develop a mass loading based diagram of the "first flush." In order to achieve this goal, a general characterization of the most important variables affecting “first flush” from elevated highways was necessarily. Also point this study is the requirement of a “first flush” treatment associated with storm water runoff from elevated highways. The test site was selected at the intersection of the Interstate-10 and Interstate- 610, Orleans Parish, New Orleans, Louisiana.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Reyes, Matthew David. "High volume flush vs. low-flush water closets and solid waste transport distance: a comparative study." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1442.

Full text
Abstract:
Upon the enactment by the United States Congress of the 1992 Energy Policy Act, it became mandatory that all water closets in residential and commercial settings reduce the volume of water that they consume per flush. In 1994, after installations began of the new low-flush or low-flow water closets that used less than half the water that their predecessors used, many owners of the new plumbing fixtures began to complain that their performance was sub par. Many complained about plumbing backups and of complete bowl clearance problems. There have been studies conducted to evaluate the new water closets’ bowl evacuation properties. This study focuses on what happens to the solid waste that is flushed through the water closet after leaving the bowl, namely how far the solid media is transported down waste piping. The main focus of this study is to compare the performance of the low-flush, 1.6 gallons (6 liters) per flush water closets with the performance of the formerly standard flush 3.5 gallons (13 liters) per flush in regards to how far they transport solid waste through waste lines. It was found that the media flushed through the high volume water closets traveled significantly farther that the media flushed through the low-flush water closets. It was often more than double the average distance. It was also found that media traveled farther down pipes composed of PVC than those composed of cast iron and also traveled farther down three inch pipes than four inch pipes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Le, Rene. "Drain line clogs with a 1.6 gallon per flush water closet." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19223.

Full text
Abstract:
Master of Science
Department of Architectural Engineering and Construction Science
Thomas Logan
Typical building sanitary lines are sloped at a minimum of 1/8” to utilize gravity and prevent liquid separation from solid waste. The purpose of this research is to analyze how a lesser amount of water from a 1.6 gallon per flush water closet affects drainage in a four inch diameter pipe at 1/4" slope. Low flow water closet manufacturers ensure that waste clears the bowl, but there is no significant research following the flushed water further down the pipe line. This research utilizes a 1.6 gallon per flush floor-mounted water closet connected to 30 feet of sloped four inch PVC Drain Waste Vent piping. Data presented from 25 flush trials indicates that further research needs to be conducted at a smaller pipe diameter. Four-inch piping is too large, causing the 1.6 gallons of water to quickly lose the required force over the course of 30 feet, resulting in pipe line clogs. An average of four additional water-only flushes are necessary to completely clear the test media and toilet paper from the pipe. This research references previously published research and focuses on test results presented by the Plumbing Efficiency Research Coalition. Two case studies of city wide replacements of old water closets are presented to discuss the viability of city wide mandates in relation to water conservation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Robinson, A. W. "Water relations and the control of flush growth in Theobroma cacao L." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380125.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Su, Yuming. "Storm Water Runoff First Flush Modeling and Treatment with a Hydrodynamic Device." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1170334793.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Thomson, Sean Richard. "Methane Production by a Packed-Bed Anaerobic Digester Fed Dairy Barn Flush Water." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1329.

Full text
Abstract:
Packed-bed digesters are an alternative to covered lagoon digesters for methane production and anaerobic treatment of dilute wastewaters such as dairy barn flush water. The physical media of packed-beds retain biofilms, often allowing increased treatment rates. Previous studies have evaluated several types of media for digestion of dilute wastewaters, but cost and media fouling have setback commercial development. A major operational cost has been effluent recirculation pumping. In the present effort, a novel approach to anaerobic digestion of flush dairy water was developed at pilot-scale: broken walnut shells were used as a low-cost packed-bed medium and effluent recirculation was replaced by reciprocation mixing to decrease pumping costs and the risk of media clogging. Three packed-bed digesters containing walnut shells as media were constructed at the on-campus dairy and studied for about six months. Over that time, several organic loading rates (OLRs), measured as both chemical oxygen demand (COD) and volatile solids (VS) were applied to the new packed-bed digesters to allow modeling of methane production. The influence of temperature on methane production was also investigated. Additionally, the study measured solids accumulation in the walnut shell packed-bed as well as the effectiveness and durability of walnut shells as packing media. Finally, a simple economic analysis was developed from the methane model to predict the financial feasibility of packed-bed digesters at flush water dairies under similar OLR conditions. Three methane production models were developed from organic loading: saturation-type (following the form of the Monod equation), power and linear. The models were evaluated in terms of regression analysis and the linearity of experimental to predicted methane production. The best model was then chosen to develop the economic predictions. Economic predictions for packed-bed digesters were calculated as internal rate of return (IRR) using the methane models along with additional input variables. Comparisons of IRRs were made using electric retail rates of $0.10 to $0.20 per kilowatt-hour and capital cost subsidies from zero to 50%. Sludge accumulation in the packed-bed was measured via change in porosity, and walnut shell durability was measured as the change in mass of representative walnut shells over the course of the study. The linear-type model of methane production from volatile solids OLR best represented this data set. Digester temperature was not found to influence methane production in this study, likely due to the small daily average ambient temperature range experienced (14°C to 24°C) and the greater influence of organic loading. Porosity of the walnut shell packed-bed decreased from 0.70 at startup to 0.34±0.06 at the end of the six-month study, indicating considerable media fouling. Sludge accumulated in each digester from zero at startup to 281±46 liters at termination. Walnut shells in the packed-bed lost on average 31.4±6.3% mass during the study period which may be attributed to degradation of more readily bio-degradable cellulose and hemi-cellulose within the walnut shells. Given the predicted methane production and media life, at present, the economic outlook for packed-bed digesters at commercial dairies is quite dependent on utility electrical rates, available subsidies and future improvements to packed-bed digester technology. The predicted IRRs ranged from below 0% (at 0% capital subsidy and $0.10/kWh) up to 25% (at 50% capital subsidy and $0.20/kWh) at large dairies (3000 milking cows). Increases in organic loading were not shown to necessarily increase IRR, particularly at OLRs above 10 g/Lliquid-d (as COD or VS). Ultimately, to better assess the value of packed-bed digesters for flush dairies, additional study is needed on topics such as sludge accumulation prevention, long-term walnut shell degradation, dairy barn flush water mixing, and more detailed economic analysis.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Cerrato, Jose Manuel. "Impact of Piping Materials on Water Quality in Tegucigalpa, Honduras." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35030.

Full text
Abstract:
The possible effects of pipe materials on drinking water quality have been analyzed in the distribution system of the water treatment plant of "La La Concepciónâ " in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. "La La Concepciónâ " is a surface water reservoir experiencing biogeochemical cycling of manganese. Black water problems have been reported in the distribution system since 1998. An evaluation of the potential influence that PVC and iron pipes could have on the concentration of iron and manganese in drinking water, the effects caused by the presence of manganese in PVC and iron pipe surfaces, and residual chlorine and Pb concentrations in the distribution system was performed. The sampled neighborhoods received an intermittent service. Water was suspended for 8 hours every day due to water quantity problems in the city. Water and pipe samples were obtained for PVC and galvanized iron pipes because these constitute the majority of the infrastructure used for distribution systems in Honduras. Thermodynamic and kinetic conditions for possible manganese oxidation by chlorine and dissolved oxygen in the distribution system were also evaluated. As expected, total Fe concentrations were greater for first flush conditions from the iron pipe. Water samples obtained from the PVC pipe showed higher total Mn concentrations and more black color than those obtained from the iron pipe for both first flush and continuous flow conditions. Residual chlorine decayed relatively fast along the sampled section of the distribution system. Pb concentrations were detected on water samples obtained from PVC for first flush and continuous flow and on iron pipe for first flush. Preliminary experiments showed that manganese-oxidizing and -reducing bacteria were present in the walls of both PVC and iron pipes. Higher numbers of colony-forming microorganisms were recovered from iron (30-fold more) compared to PVC pipe sections. However, the majority of isolates from the PVC biofilm (8 of 10, 80 %) were capable of Mn-oxidation while only 35 % (11 of 31) of isolates from the iron biofilm sample demonstrated Mn-oxidation. This research demonstrates the importance of the different interactions between water and the infrastructure used for its supply in producing safe drinking water.
Master of Science
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Henneman, Seppi Matthew. "WATER AND AIR QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF A RECIPROCATING BIOFILTER TREATING DAIRY WASTEWATER." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/486.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Water and Air Quality Performance of a Reciprocating Biofilter Treating Dairy Wastewater Seppi Matthew Henneman Agricultural non-point source pollution is the leading water quality problem in surface water and the second leading problem in ground water in the US. Among the contaminants, nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) can be transported from agricultural fields when cropland is not managed properly. In California, dairy manure application to cropland has become tightly regulated with the goal of decreasing such nutrient pollution. Dairies unable to balance their manure nutrient supply with cropland application area may benefit from a nitrogen removal technology. One such technology is the reciprocating biofilter, known as the ReCip® technology. A pilot-scale ReCip® unit was installed at the Cal Poly dairy to evaluate its treatment efficacy, in particular for nitrogen removal, when treating wastewater from flush dairies. This pilot-scale system was the first application of the ReCip® technology to dairy wastewater, and recently it was found to be effective for removal of ammonium, total nitrogen, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). In the ReCip®, wastewater is repeatedly pumped back and forth between two gravel-filled basins. This reciprocation creates two treatment environments: an aerobic environment, which promotes reactions such as nitrification and BOD oxidation, and an anoxic/anaerobic environment, which promotes reactions such as denitrification of nitrate into nitrogen gas and methanogenesis. At Cal Poly, the ReCip® treated storage lagoon water, and ReCip® effluent containing nitrate was returned to the lagoon, possibly contributing to odor control. Emission of air pollutants is a concern about dairy waste in general (volatile organic compounds, hydrogen sulfide, methane, etc.) and for nitrification-denitrification systems in particular (nitrous oxide). In the present work, the first detailed air emission study was conducted on ReCip®. Emissions of air pollutants were measured with flux chambers during different seasons, and, simultaneously, the water quality within the pore volume of the gravel beds was measured to explore whether pore water quality correlated to air emissions. These air emissions studies were performed within a yearlong study of overall ReCip® treatment performance. Water quality constituents measured were pH, alkalinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), soluble nitrogen, soluble non-purgeable organic carbon, nitrite, and nitrate. During the submerged phase of the reciprocation cycle, pore water DO generally declined from 1-2 mg/L to <0.1 mg/L, while TAN declined and nitrate accumulated, although total nitrogen also declined due to denitrification. The extent of denitrification was correlated to influent BOD loading. The average removals by the ReCip® were 93% TAN, 61% CBOD5, 74% TKN, and 57% TSS. A simple CBOD5 removal model was developed that described and predicted CBOD5 ­removal in the system. Key air pollutants emitted by the ReCip® and their annual mean concentrations were nitrous oxide (0.74 ppm), ammonia (0.15 ppm), and methane (3.85 ppm). The air emission potential of the lagoon water influent was compared to that of the ReCip® effluent. The decreases in emission potential were 82% for ammonia, 93% for methane, and 99% for hydrogen sulfide. The average masses emitted (g emitted/kg loaded into system) by the ReCip® were 1.7 g N2O/kg N, 0.15 g NH3/kg N, 2.1 g CH4/kg CBOD5, 1.0 g ethanol/kg CBOD5,and 0.004 g H2S/kg CBOD5.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Handlon, Sarah F. "Determination of the within event variability and the influence of seasonality on nutrient cycling processes within a green roof." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1553513890942554.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Ferreira, Leonete Cristina de Ara?jo. "Varia??o da qualidade da ?gua do escoamento superficial de duas bacias de drenagem de Natal/RN - Brasil." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15955.

Full text
Abstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeoneteCAF.pdf: 2381464 bytes, checksum: b8b649d6580da5fa31a3ad86cfc9eb5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-02
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The urban drainage is one of the powers of environmental sanitation and its scope is the quantitative and qualitative aspects. In decision making of managers and the engineering aspects of design are almost always taken into account only the quantitative aspects. However, the waters of the runoff have the highest concentrations of pollutants at the beginning of precipitation. Thus, if the plot pollution removed, the remaining portion can be used for other purposes. This work has aimed to present the variation of water quality of two drainage basins in the city of Natal / RN-Brazil to support the implementation of drainage to consider the qualitative aspect, and identify potential for the use of water. The basins (M and C) are analyzed closed-type, are in the urban area, are predominantly residential occupation and its waters are used for detention ponds and infiltration. The samples were divided into three phases, the first two direct to final points in a basin and the third in traps distributed over the surface drainage. The parameters had been analyzed were pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, Color, Turbidity, COD, Ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, Sediments solids, total solids, chloride, sulfate, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, Heavy Metals (Chromium, Cadmium, Lead, Zinc and Copper), Eschichia coli and total coliforms. The parameters studied showed high initial pollution load, events and located in different proportions, except nitrite, heavy metals and biological indicators. The size of the surface drainage and topographic its features influence the quality of water. However, the form of sampling is crucial in the qualitative study in the basin. The samplers developed at work, were generated economic and representative results. The urban rainwater presents organic faecal indicators. The runoff of water from both basins shows no risk of salinity and sodicity for use in irrigation, should be noted the content of chloride in the choice of method of irrigation
A drenagem urbana ? uma das compet?ncias do saneamento ambiental e em seu escopo est?o os aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos. Na tomada de decis?o dos gestores e nos aspectos de projeto de engenharia, s?o levados em considera??o quase sempre somente os aspectos quantitativos. No entanto, as ?guas do escoamento superficial possuem as maiores concentra??es de poluentes no in?cio da precipita??o. Desta forma, caso seja removida a parcela poluidora, a parcela restante pode ser aproveitada para outros fins. Este trabalho tem com objetivo apresentar a varia??o da qualidade da ?gua de duas bacias de drenagem na cidade de Natal/RN-Brasil de modo a subsidiar a aplica??o de pr?ticas de drenagem que considerem o aspecto qualitativo, bem como identificar potencial para o uso dessas ?guas. As bacias (M e C) analisadas s?o do tipo fechadas, se encontram na ?rea urbana, possuem ocupa??o predominantemente residencial e suas ?guas s?o destinadas para lagoas de deten??o e infiltra??o. As coletas foram divididas em tr?s fases, as duas primeiras diretas no exut?rio de uma das bacias e a terceira, em coletores distribu?dos ao longo sua superf?cie de drenagem. Foram analisados os par?metros de pH, Condutividade El?trica, Oxig?nio Dissolvido, Cor, Turbidez, DQO, Am?nia, Nitrito, Nitrato, F?sforo Total, Ortofosfato, S?lidos Sediment?veis, S?lidos totais, Cloretos, Sulfatos, Alcalinidade, C?lcio, Magn?sio, S?dio, Pot?ssio, Metais Pesados (Cromo, C?dmio, Chumbo, Zinco e Cobre), Eschichia coli e Coliformes Totais. Os par?metros estudados apresentaram elevada carga poluidora inicial, em eventos localizados e com propor??es diferentes, exceto nitrito, os metais e os indicadores biol?gicos. A dimens?o da superf?cie de drenagem e suas caracter?sticas topogr?ficas influenciam na qualidade da ?gua. Contudo, a forma de amostragem ? decisiva na caracteriza??o qualitativa da bacia em estudo. Os amostradores desenvolvidos durante o trabalho apresentaram-se econ?micos e geraram resultados representativos. As ?guas pluviais urbanas apresentam indicadores biol?gicos fecais. A ?gua do escoamento superficial de ambas as bacias n?o apresenta risco de salinidade e sodicidade para uso em irriga??o, devendo ser observado o teor de cloreto na escolha do m?todo de irriga??o
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Flush water"

1

Aziman, Eddie S. The ADJUST-a-FLUSH: A retrofit device to reduce water consumption in toilets. [Edmonton, Alta.]: Alberta Municipal Affairs, Innovative Housing Grants Program, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Adobe Flash CS4: Illustrated / Barbara M. Waxer. Boston, Mass: Course Technology/Cengage Learning, 2010.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Khan, Arshad Hassan. Desalination processes and multistage flash distillation practice. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1986.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Chatterjee, M. NDDP multi-stage flash desalination process simulator design. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Beck, Jens. Die Alster: Ein Fluss prägt die Stadt. Hamburg: Ellert & Richter, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Bennett, David H. Pilot sampling for heavy metals in fish flesh from Killarney Lake, Coeur d'Alene River System, Idaho. Boise, Idaho: Bureau of Land Management, Idaho State Office, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

1941-, Zint Günter, ed. Menschen am Fluss: Die Vernichtung von Lebensraum an unseren Gewässern und Versuche einer Rettung. Hamburg: Rasch und Röhring, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Scofield, Roderick A. The use of water vapor for detecting environments that lead to convectively produced heavy precipitation and flash floods. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Scofield, Roderick A. The use of water vapor for detecting environments that lead to convectively produced heavy precipitation and flash floods. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Scofield, Roderick A. The use of water vapor for detecting environments that lead to convectively produced heavy precipitation and flash floods. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Flush water"

1

Mujtaba, Iqbal M., and Salih Alsadaie. "Freshwater Production by the Multistage Flash (MSF) Desalination Process." In Water Management, 103–34. First editor. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, [2019] | Series: Green chemistry and chemical engineering: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22241-8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Saber, Mohamed, Sameh A. Kantoush, Mohammed Abdel-Fattah, Tetsuya Sumi, Jose Andres Moya, and Karim Abdrabo. "Flash Flood Modeling and Mitigation in Arid and Semiarid Basins: Case Studies from Oman and Brazil." In Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering: DPRI reports, 355–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_13.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThe behaviors and impacts of flash floods (FF) are different based on the climatic regions. To understand such difference, two case studies were selected for the analysis: Wadi Uday, Oman and Sume Basin, Paraiba, Brazil. The rainfall-runoff inundation model (RRI) was used to simulate the discharge and flood inundation of the recent flood events to understand the severity and frequency of flash floods to better assess the current mitigation measures. The current FF situations in arid and semiarid basins were analyzed, and the hazards associated with flood phenomenon were assessed for various calculated rainfall return periods using RRI model. To this end, a flash flood index (average water depth per total basin area) was calculated as a basis to understand the impact of flash floods. A coupling of this index with the FF histories was included to provide a comprehensive overview of the FF vulnerability of arid and semiarid basins. We concluded that FFs tend to be more severe and extreme in arid regions than in semiarid regions, despite the lower frequency of FFs and the water scarcity in arid regions. Distributed dams also proved to be more effective in preventing FFs in arid regions than in semiarid regions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Omran, El-Sayed E. "Egypt’s Sinai Desert Cries: Utilization of Flash Flood for a Sustainable Water Management." In Flash Floods in Egypt, 237–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29635-3_12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Das, Mohan K., A. K. M. Saiful Islam, Samarendra Karmakar, Jamal Uddin Khan, Khaled Mohammed, G. M. Tarekul Islam, and Sujit Kumar Bala. "Investigation of Flash Flood Producing Rainstorm in Northeast Bangladesh Using WRF Model." In Water, Flood Management and Water Security Under a Changing Climate, 163–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47786-8_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Chandwankar, Roshan Ramesh, and Johannes Nowak. "Thermal Processes for Seawater Desalination: Multi-effect Distillation, Thermal Vapor Compression, Mechanical Vapor Compression, and Multistage Flash." In Handbook of Water and Used Water Purification, 1–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66382-1_116-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Audouit, Clémentine. "Bodily fluids in Ancient Egypt: vital waters but dangerous flows. Concerning an ongoing research project." In Flesh and Bones, 39–67. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.supsec-eb.5.120937.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Chang, Tiao J., and Hong Y. Sun. "Investigation of Potential Flash Floods for Ungaged Region Using the Kriging Method." In Water Science and Technology Library, 577–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0389-3_38.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Elewa, Hossam H., Ahmad M. Nosair, and Elsayed M. Ramadan. "Determination of Potential Sites and Methods for Water Harvesting in Sinai Peninsula by the Application of RS, GIS, and WMS Techniques." In Flash Floods in Egypt, 313–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29635-3_14.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Lior, Noam, Ali El-Nashar, and Corrado Sommariva. "Advanced Instrumentation, Measurement, Control, and Automation (IMCA) in Multistage Flash (MSF) and Reverse-Osmosis (RO) Water Desalination." In Advances in Water Desalination, 453–658. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118347737.ch6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Ostrowski, M. W. "Anthropogenic Impacts on the Formation of Flash Floods and Measures for Their Compensation." In Flood Issues in Contemporary Water Management, 125–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4140-6_13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Flush water"

1

Stenstrom, M. K., S. L. Lau, H. H. Lee, J. S. Ma, H. Ha, L. H. Kim, S. Khan, and M. Kayhanian. "First Flush Stormwater Runoff from Highways." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)178.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Artina, S., A. Bolognesi, T. Liserra, M. Maglionico, and G. Salmoiraghi. "Experimental analysis of first foul flush in an industrial area." In WATER POLLUTION 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp060421.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Mambretti, S., and U. Sanfilippo. "Influence of rainfall patterns on the efficiency of first flush storage tanks." In Urban Water 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/uw120231.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Özel, B. D., and B. B. Baykal. "Awareness raising and educated activities for effective water savings: a case study with dual flush toilets." In WATER AND SOCIETY 2013. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ws130211.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Mahadevan, Arun, David F. Burger, and Rajasekhar Balasubramanian. "Experimental Analysis of First Flush of Suspended Solids and Trace Metals in a Construction Area." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41173(414)421.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Gottmann, Matthias, Tomomi Oishi, K. R. Sridhar, and Ranganathan Kumar. "Interface Shape and Wave Velocities of Air-Water Flows in a Vertical Duct." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0753.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This paper describes the experimental investigation of an upward annular air-water flow in a duct with a 6.35 mm by 63.5 mm rectangular cross section. The test section was instrumented to study the shape of the interface and the interfacial wave velocity. Flush-wire electrical conductivity probes were used to obtain local film thickness measurement with a spatial resolution of 200 μm or better and a temporal resolution greater than 2 kHz. The probe design and a statistical calibration method are discussed. Two flush-wire probes which allow the determination of wave propagation velocities have been implemented. Pressure drop in the channel was measured to provide a measure of averaged momentum transfer in the channel. A simple model for the prediction of interfacial wave velocities is presented, and it matches the data favorably.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Kandivalasa, Raja, B. Avinash Ben, G. Swamy Naidu, and K. S. Raghu Ram. "Low power consumption mech-automatic flush: A mechatronic based water saver." In 2016 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceeot.2016.7755436.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Sabzkouhi, Adell Moradi, Juneseok Lee, and Jonathan Keck. "Energy and Water Quality Management in Water Distribution Networks Considering Variable Speed Pump and Tank Flush Scheduling." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2022. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784484258.091.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Doyle, Kelly, and Peter Shanahan. "The Impact of First Flush Removal on Rainwater Quality and Rainwater Harvesting Systems' Reliability in Rural Rwanda." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)52.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Puertas, J., F. Sánchez-Tembleque, J. Suárez, J. Cagiao, and M. Beneyto. "An Experimental Approach to the Efficiency of a First-Flush Tank." In Specialty Symposium on Urban Drainage Modeling at the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40583(275)84.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Flush water"

1

Parsons, G. L. Preoperational test report, cross-site transfer water flush system (POTP-001). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/16958.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Leshikar, G. A. Acceptance test report for 241-AN-107 mixer pump water flush system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/443109.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Hsu, T. C., and C. F. Jenkins. Prevention for possible microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in RHLWE flush water system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/155020.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Capuno, Joseph J., Carlos Antonio R. Tan, Jr, and Vigile Marie Fabella. Do Piped Water and Flush Toilets Prevent Child Diarrhea in Rural Philippines? International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/wss1.5-phillippines-gfr.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Lavoie, Kenneth E. Can Water Extinguish the Flash Points of the Middle East. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada388375.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Higuera Roa, Oscar, and Jack O'Connor. Technical Report: Hurricane Ida. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/nyky2894.

Full text
Abstract:
On 1 September 2021, remnants of Hurricane Ida, the costliest disaster of 2021, brought historic rainfall to New York City, triggering the city’s first-ever flash flood alerts as water flooded streets, subway stations and apartments. Many of the people that lost their lives in the floods lived in basement apartments, and the water management system was completely overwhelmed, indicating a pressing need for infrastructure improvements to prevent such a disaster from happening again. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for Hurricane Ida through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Saillant, Eric, Jason Lemus, and James Franks. Culture of Lobotes surinamensis (Tripletail). Mississippi Department of Marine Resources, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18785/ose.001.

Full text
Abstract:
The Tripletail, Lobotes surinamensis, is a pelagic fish found in tropical and sub-tropical waters of all oceans. Tripletails are often associated with floating debris and make frequent incursions in bays and estuaries where they are targeted by recreational fishermen. In Mississippi waters the species is typically present during the late spring and summer season that also correspond to the period of sexual maturation and spawning (Brown-Peterson and Franks 2001). Tripletail is appreciated as a gamefish but is also prized for its flesh of superior quality. The fast growth rate of juveniles in captivity documented by Franks et al. (2001) and the excellent quality of Tripletail flesh both contribute to the potential of this species for marine aquaculture. In addition, the production of cultured juveniles would be precious to develop a better understanding of the biology, early life history and habitat use of Tripletail larvae and juveniles, a topic largely undocumented to date, through experimental releases and controlled studies. The culture of tripletail thus supports the Tidelands Trust Fund Program through improved conservation of natural resources, potential enhancement of fisheries productivity and potential development of a new economic activity on the Gulf coast producing tripletail via aquaculture. The Objective of this project was to initiate development of methods and techniques needed to spawn captive held tripletail broodfish and raise their offspring to evaluate their growth and development in captivity. In this report we will present the results of studies aiming to develop methods and protocols for captive spawning of tripletail and the first data obtained on the early development of tripletail larvae. A major issue that was encountered with tripletail broodstock development during the project lied in the difficulties associated with identifying the sex of adults caught in the wild and candidates for being incorporated in mating sets for spawning. This issue was addressed during the course of the project by examining the potential of a non-lethal method of hormonal sexing. The results of these preliminary investigations are presented in the third part of this report. All protocols used in the project were determined with the guidance of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the University of Southern Mississippi (USM IACUC protocol number 10100108).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Miyamoto, Seiichi, and Rami Keren. Improving Efficiency of Reclamation of Sodium-Affected Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570569.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Sodium affected soils, along with salt-affected soils, are distributed widely in irrigated areas of the arid and semi-arid region of the world. Some of these soils can and must be reclaimed to meet the increasing demand for food, and existing irrigated lands must be managed to reduce salinization and alkalization associated with deteriorating irrigation water quality. This project was conducted for examining ways to reduce the use of chemical amendments and large quantities of leaching water for reclaiming sodic soils or for preventing soil sodification, We hypothesized that sodicity of calcareous soils irrigated with moderately sodic irrigation water can be controlled by maximizing dissolution of soil CaCO3. The work performed in Israel has shown that dissolution of CaCO3 can be enhanced by elevating the CO2 partial pressure in soils, and by increasing pore water velocity. The concentration of Ca in pore water was at an order of 1.5 mmolc L-1 at a CO2 partial pressure of 5 kPa, which is sufficient to maintain SAR below 4 at salinity of irrigation water of 0.5 dS m-1 or less. Incorporation of crop residue at a flesh weight of 100 Mg ha-1 reduced the exchangeable Na percentage from 19 to 5%, while it remained 14% without crop residue application These findings indicate a possibility of preventing soil sodification with appropriate crop rotation and residue management without chemical amendments, provided that soils remain permeable. In the case of highly sodic soils, dissolution of CaCO3 alone is usually insufficient to maintain soil permeability during initial leaching. We examined the effect of salinity and sodicity on water infiltration, then developed a way to estimate the amendments required on the basis of water infiltration and drainage characteristics, rather than the traditional idea of reducing the exchangeable Na percentage to a pre-fixed value. Initial indications from soil column and lysimeter study are that the proposed method provides realistic estimates of amendment requirements. We further hypothesized that cultivation of salt-tolerant plants with water of elevated salinity can enhance reclamation of severely Na-affected soils primarily through improved water infiltration and increased dissolution of CaCO3 through respiration. An outdoor lysimeter experiment using two saline sodic Entisols sodded with saltgrass for two seasons did not necessarily support this hypothesis. While there was an evidence of increased removal of the exchangeable Na originally present in the soils, the final salinity and sodicity measured were lowest without sod, and highest when sodded. High transpiration rates, coupled with low permeability and/or inadequate leaching seemed to have offset the potential benefits of increased CaCO3 dissolution and subsequent removal of exchangeable Na. Although vegetative means of reclaiming sodic soils had been reported to be effective in sandy soils with sufficient permeability, additional study is needed for its use in saline sodic soils under the high evaporative demand. The use of cool season grass after initial salt leaching with CaCl2 should be explored. Results obtained from this project have several potential applications, which include the use of crop residues for maintaining sodium balance, the use of CaCl2 for initial leaching of poorly permeable clayey sodic soils, and appraisal of sodicity effects, and appropriate rates and types of amendments required for reclamation
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Lichter, Amnon, David Obenland, Nirit Bernstein, Jennifer Hashim, and Joseph Smilanick. The role of potassium in quality of grapes after harvest. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7597914.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Objectives: The objectives of the proposal were to study how potassium (K) enters the berry and in what tissues it accumulates, to determine what is the sensitive phenological stage that is responsive to K, to study the influence of K on sugar translocation, to determine if K has effects on expression of genes in source and sink organs and to study applied aspects of the responses to K at the vineyard level. During the research it was realized that K acts externally so a major part of the original objectives had to be deserted and new ones, i.e. the role of K in enhancing water loss from the berry, had to be developed. In addition, the US partners developed practical objectives of understanding the interaction of K application and water deficit as well as application of growth regulators. Background: In our preliminary data we showed that application of K at mid-ripening enhanced sugar accumulation of table grapes. This finding is of major implications to both early and late harvested grapes and it was essential to understand the mode of action of this treatment. Our major hypothesis was that K enters the berry and by that increases sugar translocation into the berry. In addition it was important to cover practical issues of the application which may influence its efficacy and its reproducibility. Conclusions: The major conclusion from the research was that our initial hypothesis was wrong. Mineral analysis of pulp tissue indicated that upon application of K there was a significant increase in most of the major minerals. Subsequently, we developed a new hypothesis that K acts by increasing the water loss from the berry. In vitro studies of K-treated berries corroborated this hypothesis showing greater weight-loss of treated berries. This was not necessarily expressed in the vineyard as in some experiments berry weight remained unchanged, suggesting that the vine compensated for the enhanced water loss. Importantly, we also discovered that the efficacy of different K salts was strongly correlated to the pH of the salt solution: basic K salts had better efficacy than neutral or acidic salts and modifying the pH of the same salt changed its efficacy. It was therefore suggested that K changes the properties of the cuticle making it more susceptible to water loss. Of the practical aspects it was found that application of K to the clusters was sufficient to trigger its affect and that dual application of K had a stronger effect than single application. With regard to timing, it was realized that application of K after veraison was affective and the berries responded also when ripe. While the effect of K application was significant at harvest, it was mostly insignificant one week after application, suggesting that prolonged exposure to K was required. Implications: The scientific implications of the study are that the external mineral composition of the berry may have a significant role in sugar accumulation and that water loss may have an important role in sugar accumulation in grapes. It is not entirely clear how K modulates the cuticle but according to the literature its incorporation into the cuticle may increase its polarity and facilitate generation of "water bridges" between the flesh and the environment. The practical implications of this study are very significant because realizing the mode of action of K can facilitate a much more efficient application strategy. For example, it can be understood that sprays must be directed to the clusters rather than the whole vines and it can be predicted that the length of exposure is important. Also, by increasing the pH of simple K salts, the efficacy of the treatment can be enhanced, saving in the costs of the treatment. Finally, the ability of grape growers to apply K in a safe and knowledgeable way can have significant impact on the length of the season of early grape cultivars and improve the flavor of high grape yields which may otherwise have compromised sugar levels.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Flush water' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography