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1

Shenoi, Perdoor Shridevi. "Nanoparticules fluorescentes cœur-coquille organique@silicates pour l'imagerie vasculaire in vivo." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV063/document.

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Le but de cette thèse est la synthèse, l’optimisation et la fonctionnalisation de nanoparticules coeur-coquille organique@inorganique qui constituent une nouvelle classe de nanotraceurs pour l’imagerie profonde à deux photons de la vascularisation des tumeurs. Ces NPs cœur-coquille qui contiennent un cœur nanocristallin organique (ca 40-50 nm) enrobé d’une coquille de silice sont synthétisées en utilisant une méthode de séchage d’aérosol originale développée dans notre groupe. Le procédé est basé sur la nucléation et la croissance confinées d’un nanocristal organique ayant lieu simultanément avec la formation d’une croûte de silice par le séchage rapide de gouttelettes contenant des oligomères de silice un colorant organique et du solvant dans un flux d’air à 150-200 °C. Ce procédé en une étape est rendu possible grâce au contrôle à la fois de la chimie sol-gel (polycondensation) et du procédé de nanocristallisation qui ont lieu simultanément. Les précurseurs silicatés sont des alcoxydes de silicium : le TMOS (tetraméthoxysilane) et le TMSE (bis(triméthoxysilyl)éthane) choisis pour formés la coquille d’organosilice. De plus, l’organosilane AzPTES ((3-azidopropyl)triéthoxysilane) est utilisé pour inclure des fonctions azoture aux NPs pour une fonctionnalisation ultérieure avec des fragments organiques contenant des fragments alcyne par CuAAC (cycoaddition alcyne-azoture catalysée au cuivre). Les colorants organiques constituant le cœur organique sont non commerciaux et conçus pour fluorescer de façon très brillante à l’état solide sous excitation biphotonique dans le proche infra-rouge (fenêtre de transparence biologique). Ils ont en outre les propriétés physico-chimiques appropriées pour permettre leur nanocristallisation. Des NPs sphériques et sans défaut ont été obtenues, qui ont pu être mises en suspension colloïdale dans l’eau après dissolution basique partielle des coquilles puis neutralisation à pH physiologique.Afin de circuler de façon prolongée dans le flux sanguin pour permettre l’utilisation de ces NPs comme traceurs fluorescents, les NPs synthétisées ont été dérivatisées avec différentes fonctions pour augmenter leur stabilité colloïdale par des effets de charge ou stériques. L’influence de la fonctionnalisation a été étudiée en utilisant différentes techniques de caractérisation comme la spectroscopie de fluorescence, la diffusion dynamique de la lumière ou le potentiel zêta en conditions physiologiques. La fonctionnalisation par différents types de PEG (polyéthylène glycol) de différentes longueurs et modifiés par des fonctions alcyne a été effectuée. La spectroscopie infrarouge a permis de montrer le succès de la fonctionnalisation grâce à la diminution de l’intensité de la bande azoture et à l’apparition de vibrations CH. Les suspensions colloïdales de NPs fonctionnalisées par du PEG5000 ont été traitées dans l’eau ou dans du fluide biologique simulé, à 25 ou 37 °C. Dans tous les cas, la DLS a montré une bonne stabilité avec des diamètres moyens inférieurs à 200 nm dans tous les cas. La spectroscopie de fluorescence avant et après fonctionnalisation montre des brillances comparables ce qui suggère l’absence de blanchiment dans les conditions de fonctionnalisation. Les suspensions colloïdales une fois fonctionnalisées montrent une perte d’intensité de moins de 10% sur 8 h, ce qui suggère une stabilité colloïdale satisfaisante.L’interaction de ces NPs cœur-coquille avec différentes protéines sanguines a aussi été étudiée par DLS, et une très faible agrégation en présence de doses élevées de protéines a été montrée. Des tests d’imagerie par fluorescence à deux photons sur souris sont en cours
The aim of this work is the synthesis, optimization and functionalization of organic@inorganic core-shell nanoparticles (NPs), which constitute a novel class of nanoparticulate tracers, to be used for two-photon deep tissue imaging of tumor vascularization. These core-shell NPs, which comprise an organic dye nanocrystal core (ca 40-50 nm) surrounded by a silicate crust, are synthesized using an original spray-drying method developed in our group. This process is based on the confined nucleation and growth of an organic nanocrystal concomitantly with the formation of a silicate crust by fast drying of sprayed droplets containing silicate oligomers, organic dye and solvent under an air flux at 150-200 °C. This one-step synthesis is made possible thanks to the control of both the sol-gel chemistry (polycondensation) and the nanocrystallization process, which occur simultaneously. Alkoxide precursors, TMOS (tetramethoxysilane) and TMSE (1.2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane) are chosen to form the silicate shell. Additionally, an organosilane, (3-azidopropyl) triethoxysilane (AzPTES), is used to impart an azide functionality to the NPs for further functionalization with alkyne-modified moieties using the Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of organic azides to alkynes (CuAAC). The organic dyes for the nanocrystalline core are non-commercial and designed to exhibit high fluorescence intensity in the solid state under two-photon excitation in the near infrared (biological window) and the appropriate physico-chemical properties to enable their nanocrystallization. Spherical defect-free NPs were obtained. Colloidal NP suspensions were obtained after a basic partial dissolution of the shells of the NPs followed by acidic neutralization to pH 7.4, to match the pH of physiological media.In order to provide long circulation time of the NPs in the bloodstream to enable the use of these NPs as tracers for deep-tissue imaging, the synthesized NPs were derivatized with different moieties to improve their colloidal stability by charge/steric stabilization. The effects of the functionalization were studied using different characterization tools such as fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential under physiological conditions.Functionalization with different forms of alkyne-modified polyethylene glycol (PEG), differing in chain length and structure was done using CuAAC, to render them furtive and increase their circulation time in the bloodstream. The functionalized NPs, when compared with the initial core shell NPs (prior to functionalization) using IR spectroscopy, showed positive results, with reduction in the azide band intensity and appearance of bands corresponding to the C-H bonds of the PEG in the functionalized NPs. DLS performed on colloidal suspensions of the core-shell NPs functionalized with a long-chain (Mn :5000) PEG in two media, (a) water and (b) Simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, each tested at two different temperatures (i) 25 °C and (ii) 37 °C resulted in size distributions centered at less than 200 nm in all four cases, thereby indicating stability of the functionalized core-shell NP suspensions under physiological conditions. Fluorescence spectroscopy of the NP suspensions before and after functionalization also exhibited good results, with comparable brightness after functionalization, suggesting that no quenching occurred in the presence of Cu salts. The colloidal suspensions were found to have lost less than 10 % of the fluorescence signal, suggesting colloidal stability.The interactions of these core-shell NPs with different plasma proteins were also investigated, with minimal aggregation in the presence of high concentrations of proteins. Two-photon fluorescence imaging tests in mice are underway. In conclusion, bright, red-emitting core-shell NPs have been produced, which are promising for use in bio-imaging
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2

Turquet, François-Xavier. "Insertion of fluorescent manganese compounds – models of catalase – into mesoporous nanoparticles of silica, resol-silica and carbon-silica." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN086.

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Les ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), tels H2O2, HO● et O2-●, sont produites naturellementpar le métabolisme des êtres vivants. Cependant, elles peuvent apparaître en trop grandesquantités dans le cas de certaines maladies (Alzheimer, Parkinson, scléroses, cancers). Lasurproduction de ROS conduit à une mortalité des cellules plus élevée.Certains micro-oragnismes possèdent une enzyme à base de Mn capable de catalyser laréaction de dismutation du H2O2 en O2 et H2O. Plusieurs molécules ont été synthétisées pourreproduire ce procédé, cependant très peu d'entre elle sont actives en environnement aqueux.Récemment, des espèces synthétiques du Mn ont été introduites dans des silicesvoient même leur activité catalytique augmenter. Afin de perséverer dans cette voie, cettethèse présente de nouveaux composés de MnII (dinucléaire et chaîne) et MnIII(tetranucléaire) basés sur ce concept. Ils sont dotés de ligands fluorescents, ajoutés pour desfin théragnostiques. Ces composés ont été insérés dans des nanoparticules (NPs) de silice ethybrides carbone-silice afin, de permettre leur vectorisation et d'étudier la compatibilité desNPs hybrides avec ce type de système.Le travail fourni explore les propriétés magnétiques des complexes, les propriétésluminescentes des composés et matériaux et montre la bonne insertion des composés dans lesNPs hybrides, ne nécessitant pas, contrairement aux NPs de silice pure, de fonctionnalisationsupplémentaire pour la rétention des complexes. Il met aussi en évidence l'activité descomposés du Mn dans l'acétonitrile et ouvre des pistes pour une optimisation des systèmeshybrides en milieu aqueux.Le travail fourni explore les propriétés magnétiques des complexes, les propriétésluminescentes des composés et matériaux et montre la bonne insertion des composés dans lesNPs hybrides, ne nécessitant pas, contrairement aux NPs de silice pure, de fonctionnalisationsupplémentaire pour la rétention des complexes. Il met aussi en évidence l'activité descomposés du Mn dans l'acétonitrile et ouvre des pistes pour une optimisation des systèmeshybrides en milieu aqueux
ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), such as H2O2, HO● and O2-●, are naturally produced by themetabolism of living beings. However, they can appear in large quantities in the case of certaindiseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, sclerosis, cancer). Overproduction of ROS leads to highercell mortality.Some microorganisms have an Mn-based enzyme capable of catalyzing the disproportionationreaction of H2O2 into O2 and H2O. Several molecules have been synthesized to reproduce thisprocess, however very few of them are active in aqueous environment. Recently, synthetic Mn species have been introduced into mesoporous silica to protect themfrom the environment. Thus, these complexes of Mn are stable and even see their catalyticactivity increase. In order to persevere in this way, this thesis presents new compounds ofMnII (dinuclear and chain) and MnIII (tetranuclear) based on this concept. They havefluorescent ligands (9-anthracene carboxylate), added for theragnostic purposes. Thesecompounds were inserted into silica nanoparticles (Nps), resol (a polyphenol resin) -silica andcarbon-silica hybrids in order to allow their vectorization and to study the compatibility ofhybrid NPs with this type of system.This work explores the magnetic properties of the complexes, the luminescent properties of thecompounds and materials and shows the good insertion of the compounds into the hybrid NPs,not requiring, in contrast to pure silica NPs, additional functionalization for the retention of thecomplexes. It also highlights the activity of Mn compounds in acetonitrile and paves the wayfor optimizing hybrid systems in aqueous media
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3

Hajjaji, Hamza. "Nanosondes fluorescentes pour l'exploration des pressions et des températures dans les films lubrifiants." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0076/document.

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L’objectif de ce travail est d’utiliser les nanoparticules (NPs) de nanosondes fluorescentes de température en particulier dans les films lubrifiants. Le développement de ces nanosondes nécessite la détermination de leurs sensibilités thermiques afin de pouvoir sélectionner les NPs les plus prometteuses. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons présenté deux méthodes d’élaboration utilisées pour la synthèse des nanostructures à base de SiC-3C, la méthode d’anodisation électrochimique et la méthode d’attaque chimique. Dans le premier cas, les analyses FTIR,RAMAN et MET des NPs finales ont montré que la nature chimique de ces NPs est majoritairement formée de carbone graphitique. L’étude détaillée de la photoluminescence de ces NPs a montré que le processus d’émission dépend de la chimie de surface des NPs, du milieu de dispersion et de sa viscosité, de la concentration des suspensions et de la température du milieu. Pour la deuxième famille de NP de SiC, les analyses cohérentes MET, DLS et PL ont montrées une taille moyenne de 1.8 nm de diamètre avec une dispersion de ±0.5nm. Le rendement quantique externe de ces NPs est de l’ordre de 4%. Les NPs dispersées dans l’éthanol, n’ont pas montré une dépendance à la température exploitable pour notre application. Par contre, les NPs de SiC produites par cette voie, étant donné la distribution en taille resserrée et le rendement quantique « honorable » pour un matériau à gap indirect, sont prometteuses pour des applications comme luminophores en particulier pour la biologie grâce à la non toxicité du SiC. Dans le cas des NPs de Si, nous avons également étudié deux types différents de NPs. Il s’agit de : (i) NPs obtenues par anodisation électrochimique et fonctionnalisées par des groupements alkyls (décène, 1-octadécène). Nous avons mis en évidence pour la première fois une très importante variation de l’énergie d’émission dEg/dT avec la température de type red-shift entre 300 et 400K. Les mesures de(T) conduisent à une sensibilité thermique de 0.75%/°C tout à fait intéressante par rapport aux NPs II-VI. De plus il a été montré que la durée de vie mesurée n’est pas fonction de la concentration. (ii) NPs obtenue par voie humide et fonctionnalisées par le n-butyl. Pour ce type de NPs nous avons mis pour la première fois en évidence un comportement de type blue-shift pour dEg/dT de l’ordre de -0.75 meV/K dans le squalane. Pour ces NPs, la sensibilité thermique pour la durée de vie de 0.2%°C est inférieure à celle des NPs de type (i) mais largement supérieure à celle des NPs de CdSe de 4 nm (0.08%/°C). La quantification de cette la sensibilité à la température par la position du pic d’émission dEg/dT et de la durée de vie nous permet d’envisager la conception de nanosondes de température basée sur les NPs de Si avec comme recommandations l’utilisation de NPs obtenues par anodisation électrochimique et de la durée de vie comme indicateur des variations en température
The goal of this study is the use of Si and SiC nanoparticles (NPs) as fluorescent temperature nanoprobes particularly in lubricating films. The development of these nanoprobes requires the determination of their thermal sensitivity in order to select the best prospects NPs. To achieve this goal, we presented two preparation methods used for the synthesis of 3C-SiC based nanostructures : (i) anodic etching method and (ii) chemical etching method. In the first case, the FTIR, Raman and TEM analysis of final NPs showed that the chemical nature of these NPs is formed predominantly of graphitic carbon. The detailed photoluminescence study of these NPs showed that the emission process depends on the surface chemistry of the NPs, the dispersion medium and its viscosity, the suspension concentration and temperature of the environment.. In the second case, coherent TEM, DLS and PL analyzes showed an average size of 1.8 nm in diameter with a dispersion of ±0.5 nm. The external quantum efficiency of these NPs is 4%. NPs dispersed in ethanol, did not show an exploitable fluorescence dependence on temperature for our application. On the other hand, 3C-SiC NPs produced by this way, given the narrow size distribution and the reasonably high quantum yield for an indirect bandgap material, are promising for applications such as luminophores in particular in the biology field thanks to nontoxicity of SiC. In the case of Si we studied also two different types of NPs. (i) NPs obtained by anodic etching and functionalized by alkyl groups (decene, octadecene). We have demonstrated for the first time an important red-shift in the emission energy dEg/dT with temperature from 300 to 400K. The PL lifetime measurement(T) lead to a thermal sensitivity of 0.75% /°C very interesting compared to II-VI NPs. Furthermore it has been shown that t is not depending on the concentration. (ii) NPs obtained by wet-chemical process and functionalized with n-butyl. For this type of NPs we have identified for the first time a blue-shift behavior of dEg dT in the order of -0.75 meV/K in squalane. The thermal sensitivity for the PL lifetime of these NPs is 0.2%/°C, which is lower than that of NPs obtained by anodic etching method, but much greater than that of CdSe NPs with 4 nm of diameter (0.08%/°C). Quantification of the temperature sensitivity by the position of emission peak dEg/dT and the PL lifetime dτ/dT allows us to consider the realization of temperature nanoprobes based on Si NPs with recommendations to use Si NPs obtained by anodic etching method and PL lifetime as an indicator of temperature changes
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4

Chiu, Sheng-Kuei. "Photoluminescent Silicon Nanoparticles: Fluorescent Cellular Imaging Applications and Photoluminescence (PL) Behavior Study." PDXScholar, 2015. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2455.

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Molecular fluorophores and semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been used as cellular imaging agents for biomedical research, but each class has challenges associated with their use, including poor photostability or toxicity. Silicon is a semiconductor material that is inexpensive and relatively environmental benign in comparison to heavy metal-containing quantum dots. Thus, red-emitting silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) are desirable to prepare for cellular imaging application to be used in place of more toxic QDs. However, Si NPs currently suffer poorly understood photoinstability, and furthermore, the origin of the PL remains under debate. This dissertation first describes the use of diatomaceous earth as a new precursor for the synthesis of photoluminescent Si NPs. Second, the stabilization of red PL from Si NPs in aqueous solution via micellar encapsulation is reported. Thirdly, red to blue PL conversion of decane-terminated Si NPs in alcohol dispersions is described and the origins (i.e., color centers) of the emission events were studied with a comprehensive characterization suite including FT-IR, UV-vis, photoluminescence excitation, and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopies in order to determine size or chemical changes underlying the PL color change. In this study, the red and blue PL was determined to result from intrinsic and surface states, respectively. Lastly, we determined that the blue emission band assigned to a surface state can be introduced by base addition in originally red-emitting silicon nanoparticles, and that red PL can be restored by subsequent acid addition. This experimentally demonstrates blue PL is surface state related and can overcome the intrinsic state related excitonic recombination pathway in red PL event. Based on all the data collected and analyzed, we present a simple energy level diagram detailing the multiple origins of Si NP PL, which are related to both size and surface chemistry.
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5

Kirla, Haritha. "Carbohydrate coated fluorescent Mesoporous Silica nanoparticles for Biomedical applications." Thesis, Kirla, Haritha (2019) Carbohydrate coated fluorescent Mesoporous Silica nanoparticles for Biomedical applications. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51885/.

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The human body and many living organisms are comprised of very complex biological system with distinct metabolism. In order to understand life activities, we need to monitor the individual chemical interactions happening in vivo. Bioimaging with naked organic dye molecules always suffers from drawbacks such as photobleaching and biocompatibility issues. Silica matrix protects the fluorophores from external environment and provides hydrophilic shell, which improves the photostability and biocompatibility of dye molecules. A nanocarrier, which is highly compatible with the target metabolic system, may be beneficial for therapeutic and diagnostic applications in living organisms. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are highly biocompatible and safe for biological applications and may provide the solution. Therefore, this project focused on the synthesis of dye-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles, coupling them with various bioactive carbohydrate molecules, and investigation of these nanoparticles for their potential biological applications in microorganisms. Rhodamine B, fluorescein, and methylene blue dyes were employed for doping into amine modified mesoporous silica matrix through covalent and non-covalent approaches. The results revealed that all dyes were successfully doped into the silica matrix and showed bright fluorescence. In the next stage, methylene blue encapsulated amine grafted mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MB AMSNs) were utilized for coupling with carbohydrates- glucose, maltose, ribose, and raffinose by employing N, N'-carbonyldiimidazole as a coupling agent. The chemical and physical characterization showed the successful conjugation of carbohydrates onto amine-modified silica surface. Finally, glucose conjugated methylene blue doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Glu-MB MSN) were used in bioimaging and toxicity assessments. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were investigated in E.Coli and B.Subtilis bacterial samples. The characteristic results revealed bright fluorescence in bacteria like formations via confocal microscopy. Therefore, Glu-MB MSN may be useful for bioimaging purposes. SEM images showed bacterial aggregation after treatment with nanoparticles. This interaction is relatively higher in the case of B.Subtilis. Moreover, the bacterial cell structure appeared unaltered after incubation with the nanoparticles. This suggested that the nanoparticles were not toxic to these specific bacteria. However, more studies need to be performed to confirm these results.
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Goust, Victoire. "Fluorescent silica nanoparticles for multidimensional barcoding in droplets : towards high-throughput screening in two-phase microfluidics." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6210.

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Le criblage à haut débit a connu des avancées significatives en 20 ans. Néanmoins, les technologies microplaque ou microarray ne sont pas toujours optimales. C’est pourquoi de nouvelles plates-formes, basées sur la microfluidique en gouttes, pourraient significativement augmenter le débit et réduire les coûts. Cependant, une fois en dehors de la puce, les gouttes perdent leur information spatiale : il est donc nécessaire de marquer les molécules encapsulées pour les identifier. Nous avons choisi un marquage fluorescent, car cette technique est très utilisée en biologie. Le but de ce travail était de fabriquer un matériau fluorescent compatible avec la microfluidique en gouttes, puis de produire plusieurs banques de gouttes encodées avec ce matériau. Nous avons opté pour des nanoparticules de silice comprenant un fluorophore organique attaché de manière covalente. Notre nouvelle synthèse a produit des particules de 2,5 nm, les plus petites jamais synthétisées. Elles sont plus brillantes que les fluorophores organiques, résistent mieux au photoblanchiment et ont une polarisation modulable. Nous avons ensuite étudié les propriétés de surface des particules, en particulier leur interaction avec le tensioactif. A temps longs, une compétition se produit. De plus, des effets osmotiques ont été mis en évidence, si la concentration en particules varie entre d’une goutte à l’autre. Enfin, nous avons examiné les paramètres majeurs dans l’élaboration du code, les optimisations possibles et des stratégies pour réduire le recouvrement spectral. Nous avons produit des banques de gouttes encodées avec deux et trois couleurs, qui peuvent être utilisées dans de nombreuses applications
High-throughput screening has seen significant advances in the last 20 years. However, microtiter plate or microarray technologies are not optimal for all types of assays. Hence, implementation of droplet-based microfluidic platforms could bring a breakthrough in terms of throughput and reduction of costs. However, once out of the chip, droplets lose positional information to identify drop contents. It is thus necessary to label the encapsulated compounds. Since fluorescence is a common assay readout method, we opted for this strategy. The goal of this PhD was to produce a fluorescent material compatible with the specificities of droplet microfluidics, then to generate several optically encoded droplet libraries with it. We opted for silica nanoparticles (SNPs) covalently encapsulating organic fluorophores. We developed a novel synthesis route that enabled us to reach sizes down to 2. 5 nm, the smallest ever synthesized. The SNPs are brighter than starting fluorophores, better resist photobleaching and have tunable fluorescence polarization. Then, we studied the surface properties of these particles, especially their interaction with the surfactant. At long time scales, competition between particles and surfactant was shown. In addition, dramatic osmotic effects were highlighted in case of unequal particle concentration across droplets. Last, we investigated crucial parameters in fluorescent code design, then generated two-and three-color encoded droplet libraries. We also discussed optimizations and on-the-fly identification. We finally identify many applications would benefit from this encoding system
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7

Turquet, François-Xavier. "Insertion of fluorescent manganese compounds - models of catalase - into mesoporous nanoparticles of silica, resol-silica and carbon-silica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666907.

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ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), such as H2O2, HO● and O2-●, are naturally produced by the metabolism of living beings. However, they can appear in large quantities in the case of certain diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, sclerosis, cancer). Overproduction of ROS leads to higher cell mortality. Some microorganisms have an Mn-based enzyme capable of catalyzing the disproportionation reaction of H2O2 into O2 and H2O. Several molecules have been synthesized to reproduce this process, however very few of them are active in aqueous environment. Recently, polynuclear synthetic Mn species have been introduced into mesoporous silica to protect them from the environment. Thus, these complexes of Mn are stable and even see their catalytic activity increase. In order to persevere in this way, this thesis presents new compounds of formula [Mn(bpy)(AntCO2)2]n and [{Mn(bpy)(AntCO2)}2(µ-AntCO2)2(µ-OH2)] for MnII (chain and dinuclear respectively) and [Mn4O2(AntCO2)6(bpy)2(ClO4)2] for MnIII (tetranuclear) based on this concept. These compounds have two types of ligands, 2,2'-bipyridine, commonly found for similar compounds and 9-anthracene carboxylate, a fluorescent ligand added for theragnostic purposes. The resolution of the crystal structure of the MnII dinuclear compound shows a compression along the axis on the direction of the monodentate anthracene carboxylate. Moreover, by hydrolysis the one- dimensional system can be converted to the dinuclear compound. In the synthesis of the Mn(III) compound some oxidation of the anthracene is observed and two organic compounds are obtained, an anthraquinone and an ester formed by reaction between the quinone and the carboxylate. The manganese compounds were inserted into silica nanoparticles (NPs), resol (a polyphenol resin) -silica and carbon-silica hybrids in order to allow their vectorization and to study the compatibility of hybrid NPs with this type of system. This work explores the magnetic properties of the complexes and the luminescent properties of the coordination compounds and materials. The Mn(II) compounds show weak antiferromagnetic interaction, and the best way to differentiate these compounds is by EPR spectroscopy: the chain shows a unique band at g~2 while for the dinculear compound the spectrum is more complex, with several features at low fields. Magnetic properties of the Mn(III) compound confirms that it is a tetranuclear with butterfly type geometry with stronger antiferromagnetic interaction between the central ions than between central-terminal ions. The study of the porosity of the materials and the quantification of the presence of manganese inside the materials shows a good incorporation rate of the compounds. However it seems that the compounds are not present homogenously inside the support and that they are broken into smaller units. This is confirmed with the study of the magnetic properties of the hybrid [Mn]@NPs materials. In addition, fluoresecence measurement show that both the support and the compounds are luminescent but that both emission are strongly quenched when the compounds are inside the nanoparticles. The study of the optic properties of the materials show that a large amount of the compounds is released when the loaded silica and carbon-silica nanoparticles are redispersed in ethanol. However, resol-silica nanoparticles seem a lot more efficient to retain the complexes inside and apparently do not need further functionalization to achieve this goal. Finally, some preliminary test of disproportionation of H2O2 catalyzed by the manganese systems show low to moderate activity of Mn compounds in acetonitrile and paves the way for optimizing hybrid systems in aqueous media.
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8

Thakur, Dhananjay P. "Fluorescent and Magnetic Nanocomposites for Multimodal Imaging." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274630209.

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9

Lemelle, Arnaud. "Development of new fluorescent silica and multifunctional nanoparticles for bio-imaging and diagnostics." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7279.

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Silica nanoparticles are effective fluorophore carriers with high potential in imaging, diagnostics, and therapy. The particles are resistant to drastic change of environmental conditions (pH, temperature etc.) and insulate the dyes so as to protect them from photobleaching. Silica chemistry is also versatile and affords an easy modification of the particle composition and surface to integrate targeting ligands or to integrate other nanoparticles. Regardless of their advantages, there exists a lack of dye diversity in the literature that is connected to a low affinity for potential tools for biology and medicineThis thesis describes the development of an alternative method for the synthesis of fluorescent silica nanoparticles and their modification to incorporate iron oxide and gold. cont/d.
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Gagnon, Joanie. "Développement de nanosondes plasmoniques d'indium pour l'exaltation de la fluorescence dans l'UV." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25194.

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Jusqu’à tout récemment, la plupart des travaux effectués pour l’exaltation de la fluorescence moléculaire avaient comme substrat l’argent ou l’or sous forme de nanoparticules. Toutefois, ces deux métaux ne sont pas tout à fait adaptés pour l’exaltation de la fluorescence dans l’UV avec leur maximum plasmonique situé aux environs de 400 nm pour l’argent et aux environs de 530 nm pour l’or. L’intérêt de l’UV vient principalement de visées biomédicales considérant qu’une majorité de biomolécules absorbent et émettent dans cette région. Dans le cadre de ce projet, les biomolécules d’intérêt sont l’ADN qui fluorescence grâce aux bases azotées et les trois acides aminés aromatiques, le tryptophane, la tyrosine et la phénylalanine, qui sont quant à eux responsables de la fluorescence des protéines. Le but de ce projet est de développer un système nanoparticulaire permettant l’exaltation de la fluorescence dans l’UV. Le métal choisi est l’indium puisque ce dernier fait partie du groupe du bore (Al, Ga, In, Tl) et que ceux-ci sont caractérisés par de faibles pertes par absorption, mais également pour leur forte bande plasmonique vers 300 nm. L’indium possède donc toutes les qualités requises pour permettre l’exaltation de la fluorescence dans l’UV. Dans ce projet, des nanoparticules sphériques d’indium ont été développées avec une taille modulable entre 60 et 80 nm. Le plasmon de ces nanoparticules se situe vers 310 nm. Par la suite, ces mêmes cœurs d’indium ont été recouverts d’une couche diélectrique protectrice de silice. L’avantage d’une coquille de silice est la facilité avec laquelle l’épaisseur peut en être modifiée. La taille des coquilles synthétisées varie entre 5 et 50 nm. Une fois cette couche synthétisée, différentes avenues ont été envisagées pour le greffage des fluorophores en surface. Le choix final s’est arrêté sur l’incorporation des fluorophores à l’intérieur même d’une couche de silice. Les fluorophores sont préalablement modifiés pour faire en sorte qu’ils se lient de manière covalente à la silice. Le choix des fluorophores principaux s’est arrêté sur le Carbostyril 124, en tant que fluorophore modèle, et sur le tryptophane puisqu’il s’agit de l’acide aminé le plus fluorescent. Des facteurs d’exaltation de fluorescence de l’ordre de 3 et 7 ont respectivement été obtenus pour le Carbostyril 124 et le tryptophane. D’autres tests préliminaires ont également été menés sur les autres acides aminés, la tyrosine et la phénylalanine, ainsi que sur l’ADN.
Until recently, most of the work done on metal-enhanced fluorescence of molecular fluorophores employed silver and gold nanoparticles as the substrate. However, these metals are not perfectly suit for fluorescence enhancement in the UV region of the spectrum as their maximum plasmonic bands are centered at approximately 400 nm and 530 nm for silver and gold, respectively. The interest in the UV region is mostly due to biomedical studies as most of the biomolecules absorb and emit in this region. In this project, the focus is on DNA, which is fluorescent via the nucleobases, en even more so on proteins which owe their intrinsic fluorescence to the three aromatic amino acids, tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine. The main goal of this project is to develop a nanostructure able to support metal-enhanced fluorescence in the UV. Indium seems to be the perfect metal to work with as it is part of the boron group (Al, Ga, In, Tl) which is characterized by low absorption losses, but also by its strong plasmonic band centered at approximately 300 nm making it suitable for metal-enhanced fluorescence studies in the UV. In this project, indium nanoparticles with a size ranging from 60 to 80 nm were developed with a plasmon approximately centered at 310 nm. Then, a protective dielectric layer of silica was synthesized on the indium core. The thickness of the silica layer is easily tunable; it is used to find the optimal distance to observe a maximal fluorescence enhancement. Silica shells between 5 and 50 nm were used. Different strategies were considered for the grafting of the fluorophores on the surface of indium-silica nanoparticles. Incorporation of the fluorophore into a silica layer was chosen as it allows for covalent bonding between the fluorophore and the silica layer. Two different fluorophores were used. The first one is Carbostyril 124, acting as a model fluorophore, and the second one is tryptophan as it is the most fluorescent amino acid. Enhancement factors of up to 3 and 7 were obtained for Carbostyril 124 and tryptophan, respectively. Others preliminary tests have been made on tyrosine and phenylalanine, the two other fluorescent amino acids, and on DNA.
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11

Ferreira, Ana Paula Garcia. "Preparação e estudo fotofísico de nanopartículas de sílica marcadas com compostos fluorescentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75131/tde-26082009-104202/.

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Foi estudado o comportamento fotofísico da 9-aminoacridina (9AA) e derivados, safranina O, auramina e 9-vinilantraceno, em partículas de sílica. Inicialmente, partículas de sílica obtidas comercialmente foram modificadas e marcadas com corantes acridínicos, porém sua morfologia tornou inviável o estudo fotofísico, devido à sua irregularidade. Foram preparadas nanoesferas de sílica, pelo método de Stöber, com diâmetro médio de 50 nm, que apresentaram altos sinais de fluorescência. Além disso, para evitar a dessorção dos marcadores nas nanopartículas em suspensão, foram preparadas nanopartículas do tipo cascacaroço, contendo um núcleo rico em marcador, protegido por uma casca de sílica. Estas nanopartículas, com diâmetro médio de 125 nm, mostraram-se excelentes matrizes para o estudo dos corantes, retardando sua difusão para o solvente. Foram ainda preparadas nanopartículas contendo poli(metacrilato de metila) marcado com derivado acridínico. A interação entre grupos silanol na superfície e o grupo N-H do marcador bloqueou o processo de transferência de carga intramolecular, característico do corante. Por fim, foram preparadas nanopartículas marcadas com 9-aminoacridina e safranina O. Na presença de safranina O, o tempo de vida de fluorescência referente à desativação do cromóforo acridina passou de 12,2 ns para 9,71 ns, indicando processos de transferência de energia e supressão de fluorescência, no interior das partículas.
Photophysical behavior of 9-aminoacridine (9AA) and derivatives, safranine O, auramine and 9-vinylanthracene was investigated, in silica particles. Firstly, commercial silica was modified and grafted with acridinic dyes; however, photophysical studies became unviable, due to its morphology. Silica nanospheres were prepared by Stöber method, with mean diameter of 50 nm, presenting high fluorescence emission. Moreover, in order to avoid de desorption of dyes from particles in suspension, systems containing a dye reach nucleus protected by silica shells were prepared (core-shell nanoparticles). The core-shell nanospheres, with mean diameter of 125 nm, are excellent matrixes for fluorescence studies, since it retards dye diffusion to the solvent. It was also prepared nanoparticles containing poly(methylmethacrylate) grafted with 9AA derivative. Interaction between silica silanol groups and dye N-H groups broke the intramolecular charge transfer, a characteristic process occurring in this dye. Finally, nanoparticles grafted with 9AA and safranine O were prepared. In the presence of safranine, fluorescence lifetime related to the deactivation of the chromophore acridine reduced from 12.2 ns to 9.71 ns, suggesting energy transfer and fluorescence quenching processes within the particles.
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12

McCracken, Christie Joy. "Toxicity of Food-Relevant Nanoparticles in Intestinal Epithelial Models." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437688702.

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13

Martini, Matteo. "Synthesis and optical properties of fluorescein encapsulated in gold (core) / silica (shell) architectures : how gold renders particles brighter." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0035/these.pdf.

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The thesis concerns the development and the characterization of silica nanostructures containing at the same time organic fluorophores and gold clusters. Precisely, we prepared core-shell architectures (core=gold, shell=silica) by using the sol-gel method. In the first part of work which describes the particle synthesis, we showed that the technique of microemulsion allowed the simultaneous encapsulation of organic molecules and metal nano-objects in silica beads. In particular, we showed by transmission electron microscopy that the preliminary formation of gold core inside micelles had a structuring effect on the silica shells, conferring to the final structure a strict control of the size, homogeneity and morphology. In the second part of this work, we confirmed that such kind of nano-objects presented new unusual optical properties. Indeed, whenever we can increase the luminescence of an object by the simple incorporation of larger quantities of organic fluorophores we income into the limitation generated by the “self-quenching”. In order to elucidate this phenomenon, we systematically studied the optical properties of these architectures by fluorescence measurements (to determine the quantum yield of entrapped fluorescein molecules) and the time resolved measurements (to determine the lifetime constant of dyes). We concluded that, contrarily to the literature predictions, the presence of gold particles (i) modified not much the radiative rate of the fluorophores but, on the other hand, (ii) dramatically decreased their non-radiative rates. To explain better this last phenomenon, we measured the energy transfer rates by steady-state and time-resolved anisotropy measurements. The results show that, if the presence of gold accelerates significantly the transfer rate, those are also done in a more selective way. The transfers of excitation towards organic dimers (that act as fluorescence traps) decrease dramatically and subsequently the samples containing gold nanoparticles display the quasi-suppression of the “self-quenching”. The results obtained in this thesis open the way towards the development of more powerful probes in the fields of the bio-detection and the fluorescence imaging
Le sujet de la thèse concerne l'élaboration et la caractérisation de nanostructures de silice contenant à la fois des fluorophores organiques et des nanoparticules d'or. Précisément, il s’agit d’architectures de type cœur – coquille (cœur=or, coquille=silice) préparées en utilisant les méthodes de la chimie sol-gel. Dans la première partie du travail consacrée à l’élaboration, nous avons démontré que la technique de microémulsion permettait l’encapsulation simultanée de molécules organiques et de nano-objets métalliques dans des billes de silice. En particulier, nous avons montré par microscopie électronique à transmission que la formation préliminaire d’un cœur d’or à l’intérieur des micelles avait un effet structurant sur les coquilles de silice, conférant aux architectures finales un strict contrôle de la taille, de l’homogénéité et de la morphologie. Dans la seconde partie de ce travail, nous avons apporté la preuve que les objets ainsi réalisés présentaient des propriétés optiques inédites. En effet, on peut en augmenter la luminescence par simple incorporation de quantités grandissantes de fluorophores organiques sans se heurter à la limitation habituelle générée par le « quenching de concentration ». Dans le but d’élucider ce phénomène, nous avons étudié systématiquement les propriétés optiques de ces architectures par des mesures de fluorescence (pour en déterminer le rendement quantique) et en temps résolu (pour en déterminer la durée de vie). Nous avons conclu que, contrairement aux prédictions de la littérature, la présence de particules d’or ne modifiait que très peu la vitesse de désexcitation radiative des fluorophores mais, en revanche, en diminuait de manière nette celle de désexcitation non radiative. Pour parfaire la compréhension de ce dernier phénomène, nous avons mesuré les vitesses de transfert d'énergie entre fluorophores par des mesures d'anisotropie stationnaire et dépendante du temps. Ces mesures montrent que, si la présence d’or accélère d’un facteur significatif la vitesse de transfert, ceux-ci se font aussi de manière plus sélective. Les transferts d’excitation vers les dimères organiques (se comportant comme des puits de fluorescence) deviennent alors très peu probables, ce qui permet d’expliquer finalement la quasi-suppression du « quenching de concentration ». Les résultats obtenus dans cette thèse ouvrent la voie au développement de sondes plus performantes dans les domaines de la bio-détection et de l’imagerie de fluorescence
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Kurt-Chalot, Andréa. "Internalisation cellulaire et effets biologiques de nanoparticules fluorescentes de silice. Influence de la taille et de la charge de surface." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0755/document.

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En ce début de XXIème siècle l’essor des nanotechnologies est indéniable et ne semble pas près de ralentir. En effet, les secteurs industriels de pointe misent sur les innovations remarquables permises par les nouvelles propriétés de la matière à l’échelle nanométrique. Cependant, les efforts scientifiques et budgétaires, mis en place pour comprendre les potentiels risques sanitaires des nano-objets pour l’homme et l’environnement, s’avèrent peu fructueux tant la diversité des nano-objets est étendue. De plus, il n’existe pas de consensus règlementaire pour la nanotoxicologie, ce qui entraine un manque d’homogénéité, et parfois de cohérence, entre les données issues de la recherche. Dans ce contexte, la présente étude porte sur l’amélioration de la compréhension de l’activité biologique des nanoparticules. Des nanoparticules fluorescentes de silice, synthétisées à façon, ont permis d’étudier séparément l’impact de deux de leurs caractéristiques physico-chimiques (taille et fonctionnalisation de surface). L’altération membranaire, la réaction pro-inflammatoire et la génération de stress oxydant induites par la mise en contact des nanoparticules avec une lignée de macrophages murins ont été étudiées. En complément, des méthodes permettant de distinguer les nanoparticules internalisées de celles adsorbées à la membrane cellulaire ainsi que d’observer en cinétique la phagocytose, ont été développées. La nature et l’intensité des effets biologiques observés ont montré que les nanoparticules n’étaient pas inertes et que leur impact dépendait bien de leur taille et de leur fonctionnalisation de surface ainsi que de la dose étudiée
In the 21st century nanotechnologies are growing fast and are continuously evolving. Indeed, high-tech industries rely on remarkable innovations enabled by the new properties of matter at the nanoscale. In addition, the nanomedicine field seems hopeful to cure human health problems such as heart or liver diseases, brain damage or cancers. However, despite expansive scientific efforts the potential risks of nano-objects on human health and on the environment are still poorly understood due to the wide variety of nano-objects. In addition, no consensus about nanotoxicology exists yet, sometimes leading to inhomogeneous and inconsistent findings. In this context, the present study aimed at a better understanding of the nanoparticles biological effects. Fluorescent silica nanoparticles with well-controlled size and surface functionalization were synthesized to study separately the impact of these two physico-chemical characteristics on cell response. Murine macrophages (from the RAW 264.7 cell line commonly used as a reference for nanotoxicology studies) were exposed to the different nanoparticles, and membrane alteration, induction of pro-inflammatory effect and generation of oxidative stress were investigated. In addition, in order to distinguish uptaken nanoparticles from those adsorbed at the cell membrane and to observe phagocytosis over time, methods were developed. Results demonstrated that the studied nanoparticles were not inert. Moreover the biological effects were found to depend on nanoparticles size, surface functionalization and dose
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Fernandes, Rafael da Silva 1988. "Desenvolvimento de nanossensores fluorescentes reutilizáveis baseados em sílica de Stöber." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250557.

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Orientador: Ivo Milton Raimundo Júnior
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos nanossensores fluorescentes reutilizáveis para determinação de íons Cu(II) através do encapsulamento da rodamina B em nanopartículas de sílica (NPSRB ¿ 5), sintetizadas com base no método de Stöber. Objetivando identificar, compreender e, consequentemente, controlar todos os parâmetros envolvidos na síntese, foram realizados estudos uni e multivariado. No estudo univariado foram avaliados os efeitos da temperatura, velocidade de agitação, concentração do catalisador (hidróxido de amônio), concentração de água, razão molar [água] / [TEOS] e [etanol] / [TEOS]. No estudo multivariado foram avaliados os efeitos da água, TEOS, etanol e hidróxido de amônio. Os resultados do estudo univariado mostraram que todos os parâmetros estudados apresentaram influência no tamanho e morfologia das nanopartículas. No estudo multivariado foi possível identificar que as variáveis envolvidas na síntese apresentam tais efeitos somente em condições específicas. Após a identificação e, consequentemente, um maior controle dos parâmetros envolvidos na síntese de nanopartículas, iniciou-se o desenvolvimento dos nanossensores fluorescentes reutilizáveis. Neste trabalho dois nanossensores foram desenvolvidos com concentração do catalisador (NH3) de 0,18 mol L-1 para o nanossensor 1, e 0,70 mol L-1 para o nanossensor 2. O nanossensor 2, produzido em uma síntese de 2 h, não apresentou resposta a íons Cu(II) (supressão de fluorescência), isso porque as nanopartículas não possuíam porosidade, o que impediu o acesso dos íons Cu(II) à rodamina. O nanossensor 1, desenvolvido em uma síntese de 7 h, apresentou resposta a íons Cu(II). O reagente luminescente foi adicionado em diferentes estágios da síntese (2, 3, 4 e 5 h), onde o nanossensor com a adição da rodamina B em 5 h de síntese apresentou os melhores resultados. O nanossensor apresentou faixa linear entre 2,0 ¿ 12,0 µmol L-1, limite de detecção de 0,40 µmol L-1, limite de quantificação de 1,3 µmol L-1, tempo de resposta de 50 s e seletivo a íons Cu(II) podendo ser reutilizado 3 vezes. O nanossensor foi aplicado na determinação de íons Cu(II) em cachaça, produzindo resultados que não diferiram significativamente ao nível de confiança de 95 % dos resultados obtidos por espectrometria de absorção atômica
Abstract: In this work, a reusable fluorescent nanosensor for determination of Cu(II) ions was developed by encapsulating rhodamine B in silica nanoparticles synthesized based on Stöber method. In preliminary studies, it was possible to identify a relationship between the performance of nanossensor and the properties of the silica nanoparticles. In order to identify, understand and thus control all the parameters involved in the synthesis, univariate and multivariate studies were performed. In the univariate study, it was evaluated the effect of temperature, stirring speed, catalyst concentration (ammonium hydroxide), water concentration, and [water] / [TEOS] and [ethanol] / [TEOS] molar ratios. In the multivariate study, it was evaluated the effect of water, TEOS, ethanol and ammonium hydroxide. Results obtained in the univariate study showed that all parameters affect the size and the morphology of the nanoparticles. In the multivariate study, it was found that the variables involved in the synthesis have such effects only under specific conditions. After identification and, consequently, better control of the parameters involved in the synthesis of nanoparticles, the development of fluorescent nanosensors was carried out. Two nanosensors were developed, synthesized with catalyst concentration (NH3) of 0.18 mol L-1 for the nanosensor 1, and 0.70 mol L-1 for the nanosensor 2. The nanosensor 2, developed in a synthesis of 2 h, did not present response to Cu(II) ions (fluorescence quenching), because nanoparticles did not present porosity, which prevented the access of Cu(II) ion to rhodamine. The nanosensor 1, developed in a synthesis of 7 h, showed response to Cu(II) ions. The luminescent reagent was added at different stages of the synthesis (2, 3, 4 and 5 hours), and the nanosensor obtained with addition of rhodamine B after 5 h of synthesis showed the best results. The nanosensor showed linear range from 2.0 to 12.0 µmol L-1, detection limit of 0.40 µmol L-1, quantification limit of 1.3 µmol L-1, response time of 50 s and selectivity to Cu(II) ions which can be reused 3 times. The nanosensor was applied to the determination of Cu(II) in sugar cane spirit and the results obtained did not show significant differences from those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry at a confidence level of 95 %
Mestrado
Quimica Analitica
Mestre em Química
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16

Diop, Bocar Noël. "Élaboration de nanoparticules hybrides multifonctionnelles à base de silice par microémulsion inverse : application à la conception d’un agent antibactérien." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10281/document.

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Cette thèse a pour objectif l’élaboration de nanoparticules hybrides à base de silice par microémulsion inverse. Les nanoparticules de silice constituent une matrice de base permettant de confiner et de protéger des molécules organiques et/ou des nanoparticules métalliques. L’incorporation combinée de différentes entités dans la silice ouvre ainsi de larges perspectives de par l'introduction de nouvelles propriétés liées à la structure hybride. Afin d’élaborer de tels objets, nous avons utilisé des micelles inverses à base d'eau, de Triton X-100, d'hexanol et de cyclohexane comme milieu réactionnel. L’influence des conditions opératoires sur le contrôle de la taille des micelles inverses a d'abord été étudiée. Ces micelles inverses ont ensuite été mises à profit comme nanoréacteurs pour la synthèse de nanoparticules de silice par procédé sol-gel en utilisant les précurseurs alkoxysilanes adéquats. Nous avons regardé dans quelle mesure il était possible de contrôler la taille des nanoparticules de silice en fonction du pourcentage d’eau par rapport au tensioactif. Il a ainsi été possible d’accéder de façon reproductible à des nanoparticules avec de tailles variables, de 30 nm à 200 nm. Nous avons ensuite regardé qu'il était possible d'encapsuler au sein de cette matrice nanométrique des fluorophores et des nanoparticules d’or et d’argent de façon contrôlée. En vue d’assurer une bonne stabilisation colloïdale en solution, ces nanoparticules hybrides ont été fonctionnalisées d'une part par ajout d'un silane fonctionnel et d'autre part par click chemistry. Nous avons ainsi pu montrer qu’il est possible d’effectuer dans un même milieu micellaire l’ensemble des processus de fabrication de la nanoparticule hybride, de la matrice de silice à sa fonctionnalisation en passant par l’incorporation d’entités fonctionnelles. Cette méthode de synthèse séquentielle nous a ainsi permis de supprimer les étapes de purification et de redispersion qui peuvent s’avérer problématiques dans les procédés classiques. L’ensemble de ce travail a été mis à profit pour la conception d’un agent antibactérien à base de nanoparticules argent/silice capables d’empêcher la prolifération bactérienne grâce au relargage progressif des ions argent. Les tests effectués en solution comme sur le coton et le polyéthylène téréphtalate imprégnés montrent effectivement un caractère antibactérien certain de ces systèmes
This thesis aims at developing hybrid nanoparticles based on silica by reverse microemulsion. The silica nanoparticles are the basic matrix containing and protecting organic molecules and/or metallic nanoparticles. The combined incorporation of different entities within the silica opens wide prospects for the introduction of new properties related to the hybrid structure. To develop such objects, we used reverse micelles based on water, Triton X-100, hexanol and cyclohexan as reaction medium. The influence of operating conditions on the control of the size of reverse micelles was first studied. These micelles were then set to be used as nanoreactors for the synthesis of silica nanoparticles by sol-gel using suitable alkoxysilanes precursors. We monitored how it was possible to control the size of silica nanoparticles based on the water to surfactant ratio. It was thus possible to prepare in a reproducible way nanoparticles with sizes varying from 30 nm to 200 nm. We then investigated the possibility to encapsulate, in this nanoscaled matrix, fluorophores and nanoparticles of gold and silver in a controlled manner. To ensure a good colloidal stability in solution, these hybrid nanoparticles were, on the one hand, modified by adding a functional silane and, on the other hand, by click chemistry. We have thus shown that it is possible to perform, in a same micellar media, all of manufacturing process of the hybrid nanoparticle, from the silica matrix to its functionalization passing by the incorporation of functional entities. This method of sequential synthesis allowed us to bypass the purification and redispersion steps that can be problematic in the conventional methods. All this work has been extended to the design of an antibacterial agent based of silver/silica nanoparticles, capable of preventing bacterial growth through the gradual release of silver ions. Tests conducted in solution on the impregnated cotton and polyethylene terephtalate indeed show an interesting antibacterial character of these systems
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Helle, Marion. "Localisation du ganglion sentinelle au moyen de nanoparticules fluorescentes émettant dans le proche infrarouge : Application au cancer du sein." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762073.

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La biopsie du ganglion sentinelle (GS) est actuellement la technique de référence pour le diagnostic des métastases ganglionnaires du cancer du sein. Cependant, les traceurs utilisés pour la cartographie du GS (colorant bleu et radiocolloïde) ne sont pas idéaux et peuvent occasionner des réactions allergiques et engendrer des coûts importants. Une alternative à l'utilisation de ces traceurs repose sur le repérage du GS par imagerie de fluorescence proche infrarouge à l'aide de nanoparticules. Deux types de nanoparticules ont été étudiés : les Quantum Dots (QDs) à base d'indium et les nanoparticules de silice (NPSi) renfermant de la cyanine 7. Notre étude s'est basée sur des QDs-indium, dont la toxicité est supposée être plus faible que celle des QDs à base de cadmium. La visualisation du GS par les traceurs actuels étant altérée par l'envahissement métastatique du ganglion, un modèle murin de carcinome mammaire présentant des métastases ganglionnaires a été utilisé. La présence de cellules métastatiques dans le ganglion n'affecte pas la migration des QDs puisqu'aucune différence d'intensité de fluorescence n'a pu être détectée entre les ganglions sains et les ganglions envahis. L'étude de biodistribution a mis en évidence une capture majeure des QDs au point d'injection et dans les ganglions ainsi qu'une plus faible concentration dans le foie et la rate. La toxicité des QDs a été évaluée in vitro et a démontré une toxicité fortement réduite des QDs-indium par rapport aux QDs-cadmium. Les NPSi ont été largement appliquée à l'imagerie tumorale mais les études portant sur la visualisation du GS sont peu nombreuses. Les avantages de l'encapsulation de la cyanine 7, fluorophore hydrophobe émettant dans le proche infrarouge, dans des NPSi comprennent notamment une meilleure rétention dans le GS et une toxicité in vitro considérablement limitée par rapport au fluorophore libre. Les souris ont été suivies pendant 3 mois après injection de NPSi et aucun signe de toxicité générale ou hépatique n'a pu être décelé. Ces deux types de nanoparticules fluorescentes sont particulièrement bien adaptés à la cartographie du GS et pourraient avantageusement remplacer les traceurs employés actuellement.
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Magnan, François. "Synthèse et caractérisation de systèmes colloïdaux à géométrie coeur/coquille d'indium-silice Vers une application en biodétection." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29953/29953.pdf.

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Une sous-catégorie importante des nanomatériaux est l’utilisation de nanoparticules (NPs) métalliques dans le design de biosondes optiques en spectroscopie Raman ou de fluorescence, application permise par le plasmon généré lors de l’interaction lumière-NPs. La plage spectrale utile permise peut être modulée selon la composition, la taille et le milieu environnant du cœur métallique. Ainsi, l’or et l’argent sont des métaux couramment employés dans ce domaine en raison de la simplicité de leur synthèse et de leur applicabilité dans le visible. Cependant, ces métaux sont inutiles pour effectuer des mesures de fluorescence intrinsèque de protéines dans l’UV, un type de mesure qui serait d’intérêt en sciences biomédicales mais qui est limité par le faible signal de fluorescences des biomolécules. Nous proposons de pallier à ce problème à l’aide de sondes plasmoniques d’indium, démontrées comme étant actives dans l’UV. Ce mémoire porte donc sur la préparation de structures cœur-coquilles en vue d’une utilisation future en biodétection. Les cœurs d’indium sont préparés à l’aide d’une méthode simple qui combine les caractéristiques d’une synthèse polyol et d’une synthèse par injection à chaud. Par de simples modifications synthétiques, des cœurs d’environ 9 et 70 nanomètres (nm) de taille peuvent être obtenues. Les cœurs plus gros, qui devraient permettre un meilleur effet d’exaltation de la fluorescence sont ensuite recouverte d’une écaille de silice via une simple réaction Stöber. Le contrôle des conditions, notamment la concentration en eau, la quantité de précurseur de silice et le niveau de dilution, permet de moduler l’épaisseur de la coquille de silice entre 4 et 40 nm. Une si petite coquille sur de tels cœurs d’indium demeure, au meilleur de notre connaissance, inédit. Les colloïdes obtenus sont caractérisés par spectroscopie UV-Vis, par microscopie électronique à transmission et par diffusion dynamique de la lumière.
A notable application of nanomaterials is the use of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) as optical bioprobes in Raman or fluorescence spectroscopy detection schemes. Such a use is permitted by the plasmonic properties shown by these NPs upon light irradiation; the spectroscopic properties of these colloids are tuned through careful selection of the core’s composition, size and environment. Gold and silver are the two most commonly used metals for biodetection as they are easily prepared in nanoscopic regimes with defined shapes and sizes, as well as for their intense optical interactions with visible light. These metals are however not applicable at higher energy UV regimes, which would allow, for instance, the enhancement of the intrinsic fluorescence of proteins, a field of interest in biodetection which is hindered by the extremely low fluorescence signal of these biomolecules. We propose for such an application the use of indium-based plasmonic probes, as this metal has been shown to be active in the UV regime. This master’s thesis thus focuses on the preparation of core-shell colloids for an eventual use in biodetection. The indium cores are prepared in a single step which combines both polyol and hot-injection methods characteristics. By shuffling various synthetic parameters, indium cores approximately 9 and 70 nanometers (nm) wide are obtained. The larger cores, which should demonstrate a stronger fluorescence enhancement effect, are then covered with a silica shell through a single Stöber-like step. Again, controlling different synthetic parameters such was water content, silica precursor concentration, and Stöber system dilution allows to modulate the silica’s thickness between 4 and 40 nm. Such a thin silica shell on such a relatively small indium core is, at the best of our knowledge, still unprecedented. The synthesized core-shell colloids are characterized with UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering.
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19

Faye, Ndeye rokhaya. "Etude par microscopie à force atomique et par microscopie de fluorescence de l’interaction de nanoparticules de silice avec des films lipidiques plans." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0483/document.

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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre des études portant sur la toxicité des nanoparticules (NPs). Leurs propriétés physico-chimiques confèrent aux NPs la capacité de pénétrer dans les cellules en traversant la membrane plasmique. La compréhension de l’interaction NPs-membrane est donc cruciale. La structure complexe des membranes nous a imposé d’étudier l’interaction NPs-membrane à l’aide de films lipidiques plans (monocouches et bicouches) utilisés comme modèles membranaires simplifiés, déposés sur des surfaces nanostructurées par le dépôt préalable de NPs de silice (4 à 100 nm de diamètre) ou transférés à partir de monocouches étalées sur une suspension de NPs. Deux méthodes complémentaires ont été utilisées, la microscopie de force atomique (AFM) et la microscopie de fluorescence. Après une première phase d’optimisation des protocoles expérimentaux (choix des lipides, conditions de préparation des surfaces nanostructurées et des films), l’AFM a d’abord révélé l’oxydation des films monocouches constitués de lipides insaturés, se traduisant par la formation de domaines surélevés par rapport à la phase lipidique intacte. Dans le cas des films de lipides présentant une transition de phase de type liquide expansé/liquide condensé, la présence des NPs (le plus souvent sous forme d’agrégats) semble favoriser la transition vers la phase condensée, les NPs étant situés soit au coeur soit en lisière des domaines condensés.Dans le cas des bicouches, l’étude par AFM en milieu liquide montre des comportements tribologiques différents des agrégats de NPs, suggérant deux organisations possibles de la bicouche lipidique, recouvrant les NPs ou formant des pores autour d’elles
The subject of this thesis fits into the large field of the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs). Thanks to their physico-chemical properties, NPs are able to enter cells through the plasma membrane. Understanding the NPs-membrane interaction is thus very important. Membranes being complex structures, we chose to study this interaction using planar lipid films (monolayers and bilayers) as simplified membrane models, either deposited on nanostructured surfaces prepared by the prior deposition of silica NPs or transferred from monolayers spread on a subphase containing NPs (4-100 nm in diameter). Two complementary methods were used, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescence microscopy.After a first part devoted to the optimization of the experimental procedure (choice of lipids, design of nanostructured surfaces and films), AFM first revealed the oxidation of transferred monolayers made of unsaturated lipids, leading to the formation of domains raised above the intact lipid phase. In the case of films made of lipids characterized by a liquid expanded/liquid condensed phase transition, the presence of NPs (usually organized in aggregates) seems to favor the transition to the condensed phase, NPs being either embedded in condensed domains or at their edges.The final phase of this work was devoted to the study of NPs / bilayer interaction by AFM in liquid medium. The study shows different tribological behavior of NPs aggregates, suggesting two possible organizations of the lipid bilayer, covering the NPs or forming holes around them
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20

Frederice, Rafael. "Fluorescência molecular em nanopartículas de sílica marcadas com quercetina e rodamina B." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75131/tde-25082009-163731/.

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Nanoesferas de sílica contendo fluoróforos encapsulados (o complexo quercetina- Al+3 e o corante rodamina B) foram preparadas com alto controle de tamanho e morfologia, utilizando catálise ácida e básica do tetraetilortossilicato (TEOS). As nanopartículas obtidas apresentaram diâmetro da ordem de 200-300 nm, possuindo maior regularidade quando preparadas em meio alcalino. Nas preparações foram utilizados o método de Stöber e o método caroço-casca. Devido à hidrólise da quercetina em meio básico, as partículas funcionalizadas com o flavonóide ou com o complexo quercetina-Al+3, apresentaram maior intensidade de emissão sob catálise ácida. No caso da catálise básica, as partículas apresentaram emissão significativa quando preparadas utilizando um sol de alumina, porém foram obtidos paralelepípedos nanométricos. Os decaimentos de fluorescência para o sistema quercetina-alumina são biexponenciais, em concordância com os dois complexos quercetina-Al+3 formados no interior da nanopartícula de sílica. No caso da rodamina B, foram realizadas medidas de espectroscopia de correlação de fluorescência, que mostraram uma relação entre relaxação difusional com tamanho e autoagregação das partículas.
Silica nanospheres doped with quercetin-Al+3 and rhodamine B were synthesized with high size control and morphology, using acid and basic catalysis of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). The nanoparticle diameter obtained was about 200- 300 nm, with higher regularity when synthesized in alkaline media. The Stöber\'s and core-shell methods were used as preparation methods. Because the alkaline hydrolysis of quercetin, the flavonoid or the quercetin-Al+3 complex doped nanoparticles showed higher emission intensity when acid catalysis was used. When basic catalysis was performed, the particles prepared with an alumina-sol showed expressive emission intensity, but nanometric parallelepipeds were obtained. The quercetin-alumina fluorescence decays are biexponential, agreeing with the two types of quercetin-Al+3 complexes formed in the nanoparticles domain. In the case of rhodamine B, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) measurements were performed, showing a relation between diffusion relaxation with size and aggregation behavior.
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21

Diop, Bocar Noël. "Élaboration de nanoparticules hybrides multifonctionnelles à base de silice par microémulsion inverse : application à la conception d'un agent antibactérien." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838729.

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Cette thèse a pour objectif l'élaboration de nanoparticules hybrides à base de silice par microémulsion inverse. Les nanoparticules de silice constituent une matrice de base permettant de confiner et de protéger des molécules organiques et/ou des nanoparticules métalliques. L'incorporation combinée de différentes entités dans la silice ouvre ainsi de larges perspectives de par l'introduction de nouvelles propriétés liées à la structure hybride. Afin d'élaborer de tels objets, nous avons utilisé des micelles inverses à base d'eau, de Triton X-100, d'hexanol et de cyclohexane comme milieu réactionnel. L'influence des conditions opératoires sur le contrôle de la taille des micelles inverses a d'abord été étudiée. Ces micelles inverses ont ensuite été mises à profit comme nanoréacteurs pour la synthèse de nanoparticules de silice par procédé sol-gel en utilisant les précurseurs alkoxysilanes adéquats. Nous avons regardé dans quelle mesure il était possible de contrôler la taille des nanoparticules de silice en fonction du pourcentage d'eau par rapport au tensioactif. Il a ainsi été possible d'accéder de façon reproductible à des nanoparticules avec de tailles variables, de 30 nm à 200 nm. Nous avons ensuite regardé qu'il était possible d'encapsuler au sein de cette matrice nanométrique des fluorophores et des nanoparticules d'or et d'argent de façon contrôlée. En vue d'assurer une bonne stabilisation colloïdale en solution, ces nanoparticules hybrides ont été fonctionnalisées d'une part par ajout d'un silane fonctionnel et d'autre part par click chemistry. Nous avons ainsi pu montrer qu'il est possible d'effectuer dans un même milieu micellaire l'ensemble des processus de fabrication de la nanoparticule hybride, de la matrice de silice à sa fonctionnalisation en passant par l'incorporation d'entités fonctionnelles. Cette méthode de synthèse séquentielle nous a ainsi permis de supprimer les étapes de purification et de redispersion qui peuvent s'avérer problématiques dans les procédés classiques. L'ensemble de ce travail a été mis à profit pour la conception d'un agent antibactérien à base de nanoparticules argent/silice capables d'empêcher la prolifération bactérienne grâce au relargage progressif des ions argent. Les tests effectués en solution comme sur le coton et le polyéthylène téréphtalate imprégnés montrent effectivement un caractère antibactérien certain de ces systèmes.
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22

Lo, Presti Maria. "Optical detection of chemical species of environmental and biological relevance using molecular sensors and hybrid materials." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/172664.

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[ES] La presente tesis doctoral titulada "Detección óptica de especies químicas de importancia ambiental y biológica utilizando sensores moleculares y materiales híbridos" se centra en el diseño, preparación, caracterización y evaluación de sensores químicos moleculares. El trabajo realizado se puede dividir en dos partes: (i) síntesis de sensores de cationes metálicos en disolución y (ii) síntesis y caracterización de nanopartículas híbridas orgánico-inorgánicas para el reconocimiento de especies químicas y biológicas. En el primer capítulo se introduce el marco en el que se engloban los fundamentos teóricos de la química supramolecular en que se basan los estudios prácticos realizados durante la presente tesis doctoral. A continuación, en el capítulo dos, se presentan los objetivos generales de la tesis. En el tercer capítulo se presenta un quimiodosímetro cromo-fluorogénico, capaz de detectar selectivamente cationes trivalentes entre cationes y aniones monovalentes y divalentes mediante una reacción de deshidratación en agua. En el cuarto capítulo se presenta una unidad (BODIPY) conectada electrónicamente con un macrociclo dithia-dioxa-aza. Las soluciones de acetonitrilo y agua-acetonitrilo 95: 5 v / v de la sonda mostraron una banda ICT en la zona visible y son casi no emisivas. Cuando se utilizó acetonitrilo como disolvente, la adición de Hg (II) y cationes metálicos trivalentes indujo un cambio hipsocrómico de la banda de absorción y mejoras moderadas de la emisión. Se obtuvo una respuesta altamente selectiva al utilizar medios competitivos como agua-acetonitrilo 95:5 v/v. En este caso, sólo el Hg (II) indujo un cambio hipsocrómico de la banda de absorción y una mejora marcada de la emisión. El quinto capítulo explora el desarrollo de sensores para berberina y amantadina. Dos moléculas de interés biológico por su uso como fármacos. Se han preparado tres sistemas de sensores basados en la aproximación de puertas moleculares. En concreto, sobre nanopartículas MCM-41 cargadas con rodamina B como unidad de señalización, se ha llevado a cabo la funcionalización con diversas aminas y el bloqueo de poros con cucurbituril CB7. Las aminas utilizadas son ii ciclohexilamina, bencilamina y amantadina. Los materiales obtenidos se han caracterizado por técnicas de difracción de rayos X y microscopía electrónica de transmisión confirmando la estructura mesoporosa de las nanopartículas. Los materiales preparados muestran una respuesta a la berberina y la adamantina, quitando el tapón y liberando el tinte fluorescente al medio. La respuesta de los materiales a las dos sustancias de interés (berberina y amantadina) depende de la estructura química de cada uno de los materiales en función de las constantes de afinidad entre el analito y CB7. Los resultados obtenidos abren el camino al uso de puertas moleculares como sensores de berberina y amantadina.
[CA] La present tesi doctoral titulada "Detecció òptica d'espècies químiques d'importància ambiental i biològica utilitzant sensors moleculars i materials híbrids" se centra en el disseny, preparació, caracterització i avaluació de sensors químics moleculars. El treball realitzat es pot dividir en dues parts: (i) síntesi de sensors de cations metàl·lics en dissolució i (ii) síntesi i caracterització de nanopartícules híbrides orgànic-inorgànics per al reconeixement d'espècies químiques i biològiques. En el primer capítol s'introdueix el marc en el qual s'engloben els fonaments teòrics de la química supramolecular en què es basen els estudis pràctics realitzats durant la present tesi doctoral. A continuació, en el capítol dos, es presenten els objectius generals de la tesi. En el tercer capítol es presenta un quimiodosímetro crom-fluorogénic, capaç de detectar selectivament cations trivalents entre cations i anions monovalents i divalents mitjançant una reacció de deshidratació en aigua. En el quart capítol es presenta una unitat (BODIPY) connectada electrònicament amb un macrocicle dithia-dioxa-aza. Les solucions de acetonitril i aigua-acetonitril 95:5 v/v de la sonda van mostrar una banda ICT a la zona visible i són gairebé no emisivas. Quan es va utilitzar acetonitril com a dissolvent, l'addició de Hg (II) i cations metàl·lics trivalents va induir un canvi hipsocròmic de la banda d'absorció i millores moderades de l'emissió. Es va obtenir una resposta altament selectiva a l'utilitzar mitjans competitius com aigua-acetonitril 95:5 v/v. En aquest cas, només el Hg (II) va induir un canvi hipsocròmic de la banda d'absorció i una millora marcada de l'emissió. El cinquè capítol explora el desenvolupament de sensors per berberina i amantadina. Dues molècules d'interès biològic pel seu ús com a fàrmacs. S'han preparat tres sistemes de sensors basats en l'aproximació de portes moleculars. En concret, sobre nanopartícules MCM-41 carregades amb rodamina B com a unitat de senyalització, s'ha dut a terme la funcionalització amb diverses amines i el bloqueig de porus amb cucurbituril CB7. Les amines utilitzades són ciclohexilamina, bencilamina i amantadina. Els materials obtinguts s'han caracteritzat per tècniques iv de difracció de raigs X i microscòpia electrònica de transmissió confirmant l'estructura mesoporosa de les nanopartícules. Els materials preparats mostren una resposta a la berberina i la adamantina, llevant el tap i alliberant el tint fluorescent a l'mig. La resposta dels materials a les dues substàncies d'interès (berberina i amantadina) depèn de l'estructura química de cada un dels materials en funció de les constants d'afinitat entre l'anàlit i CB7. Els resultats obtinguts obren el camí a l'ús de portes moleculars com a sensors de berberina i amantadina.
[EN] The present doctoral thesis entitled "Optical detection of chemical species of environmental and biological importance using molecular sensors and hybrid materials" focuses on the design, preparation, characterization and evaluation of molecular chemical sensors. The work carried out can be divided into two parts: (i) synthesis of metal cation sensors in solution and (ii) synthesis and characterization of hybrid organic-inorganic nanoparticles for the recognition of chemical and biological species. The first chapter introduces the framework that encompasses the theoretical foundations of supramolecular chemistry on which the practical studies carried out during this doctoral thesis are based. Next, in chapter two, the general objectives of the thesis are presented. In the third chapter, a chromium-fluorogenic chemodosimeter is presented, capable of selectively detecting trivalent cations by means of a dehydration reaction in water. The fourth chapter presents a new compound containing a BODIPY unit electronically connected with a dithia-dioxa-aza macrocycle. Acetonitrile and water-acetonitrile 95:5 v/v solutions of the probe showed an ICT band in the visible zone and were nearly non-emissive. When acetonitrile was used as a solvent, addition of Hg(II) and trivalent metal cations induced an hypsochromic shift of the absorption band and moderate emission enhancements. A highly selective response was obtained when using competitive media such as water- acetonitrile 95:5 v/v. In this case only Hg(II) induced a hypsochromic shift of the absorption band and a marked emission enhancement. The fifth chapter explores the development of sensors for berberine and amantadine; two molecules of biological interest due to their use as drugs. Three sensing systems based on a "molecular gate" approximation have been prepared. Specifically, MCM-41 nanoparticles were loaded with Rhodamine B as a signalling unit, functionalized with various amines and capped with cucurbituril CB7. The amines used are cyclohexylamine, benzylamine and amantadine., The materials obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction techniques and transmission vi electron microscopy, confirming the mesoporous structure of the nanoparticles. The prepared materials showed a response to berberine and adamantine, which induced release of the fluorescent dye to the medium. The response of the materials to the two substances of interest (berberine and amantadine) depends on the chemical structure of the capping ensemble and it is a function of the affinity constants between the analyte and CB7. The results obtained open the way to the use of gated materials as berberine and amantadine probes.
We thank the Spanish Government (MAT2015-64139-C4-1-R) and Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/047). M. L. P. thanks Generalitat Valenciana for her Grisolia fellowship. Thanks are also due to Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal) for financial support to the Portuguese NMR network (PTNMR, Bruker Avance III 400-Univ. Minho), FCT and FEDER (European Fund for Regional Development)-COMPETEQREN- EU for financial support to the research centre CQ/UM [PEst-C/ QUI/UI0686/2013 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-037302)], and a post- doctoral grant to R. M. F. Batista (SFRH/BPD/79333/2011).
Lo Presti, M. (2021). Optical detection of chemical species of environmental and biological relevance using molecular sensors and hybrid materials [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/172664
TESIS
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23

Zhang, Yu. "Fabrication, structural and spectroscopic studies of wide bandgap semiconducting nanoparticles of ZnO for application as white light emitting diodes." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI046.

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La présente thèse étudie les nanoparticules de ZnO incorporées dans une matrice d'acide polyacrylique (PAA) mésosphérique synthétisée via un protocole d'hydrolyse. La structure hybride mésosphérique de ZnO / PAA a précédemment démontré son efficacité pour émettre de la lumière visible dans une large gamme, qui résulte des défauts intrinsèques de niveaux profonds dans les nanocristaux de ZnO. Pour modifier davantage le spectre de photoluminescence (PL) et améliorer le rendement quantique de PL (PL QY) du matériau, le ZnO dopé au métal et le ZnO / PAA revêtu de silice sont fabriqués indépendamment. Au niveau du ZnO dopé avec des éléments métalliques, la nature, la concentration, la taille et la valence du dopant affectent la formation des mésosphères et par conséquent la PL et le PL QY. Les ions plus grands que Zn2+ avec une valence plus élevée ont tendance à induire des mésosphères plus grandes et des nanoparticules de ZnO non incorporées. Le dopage conduit généralement à l'extinction de la PL, mais le spectre PL peut toujours être ajusté dans une large plage (entre 2,46 eV et 2,17 eV) sans dégrader le PL QY en dopant avec de petits ions à une faible concentration de dopage (0,1 %). Concernant le ZnO / PAA revêtu de silice, un revêtement optimal est obtenu, qui dépend corrélativement de la quantité de TEOS et d'ammoniac dans le processus de revêtement. La quantité de TEOS n'affecte pas la structure cristalline de ZnO ou le spectre PL du matériau, mais une concentration élevée d'ammoniac peut dégrader les mésosphères de PAA et épaissir la couche de silice. Une fine couche de silice qui n'absorbe pas trop de lumière d'excitation mais recouvre complètement les mésosphères s'avère être la plus efficace, avec une amélioration drastique du PL QY d’un facteur six. En ce qui concerne l'application, les matériaux souffrent d’une dégradation thermique à des températures élevées jusqu'à 100 °C, auxquelles les diodes électroluminescentes blanches (WLEDs) fonctionnent généralement. Cependant, le ZnO / PAA revêtu de silice induit une intensité d'émission plus élevée à température ambiante pour compenser la dégradation thermique
The present thesis studies ZnO nanoparticles embedded in a mesospheric polyacrylic acid (PAA) matrix synthesized via a hydrolysis protocol. The mesospheric ZnO/PAA hybrid structure was previously proved efficient in emitting visible light in a broad range, which results from the deep-level intrinsic defects in ZnO nanocrystals. To further tune the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and improve the PL quantum yield (PL QY) of the material, metal-doped ZnO and silica-coated ZnO/PAA are fabricated independently. For ZnO doped with metallic elements, the nature, concentration, size and valence of the dopant are found to affect the formation of the mesospheres and consequently the PL and PL QY. Ions larger than Zn2+ with a higher valence tend to induce larger mesospheres and unembedded ZnO nanoparticles. Doping generally leads to the quenching of PL, but the PL spectrum can still be tuned in a wide range (between 2.46 eV and 2.17 eV) without degrading the PL QY by doping small ions at a low doping concentration (0.1 %). For silica-coated ZnO/PAA, an optimal coating correlatively depends on the amount of TEOS and ammonia in the coating process. The amount of TEOS does not affect the crystal structure of ZnO or the PL spectrum of the material, but high concentration of ammonia can degrade the PAA mesospheres and thicken the silica shell. A thin layer of silica that does not absorb too much excitation light but completely covers the mesospheres proves to be the most efficient, with a drastic PL QY improvement of six times. Regarding the application, the materials suffer from thermal quenching at temperatures high up to 100°C, at which white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) generally operates. However, silica-coated ZnO/PAA induces higher emission intensity at room temperature to make up for the thermal quenching
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24

Salinas, Soler Yolanda. "Functional hybrid materials for the optical recognition of nitroaromatic explosives involving supramolecular interactions." Doctoral thesis, Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/31663.

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La presente tesis doctoral titulada ¿Materiales funcionales híbridos para el reconocimiento óptico de explosivos nitroaromáticos mediante interacciones supramoleculares¿ se basa en la combinación de principios de Química Supramolecular y de Ciencia de los Materiales para el diseño y desarrollo de nuevos materiales híbridos orgánico-inorgánicos funcionales capaces de detectar explosivos nitroaromáticos en disolución. En primer lugar se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva de todos los sensores ópticos (cromogénicos y fluorogénicos) descritos en la bibliografía y que abarca el periodo desde 1947 hasta 2011. Los resultados de la búsqueda están reflejados en el capítulo 2 de esta tesis. El primer material híbrido preparado está basado en la aplicación de la aproximación de los canales iónicos y, para ello, emplea nanopartículas de sílice funcionalizadas con unidades reactivas y unidades coordinantes (ver capítulo 3). Este soporte inorgánico se funcionaliza con tioles (unidad reactiva) y una poliamina lineal (unidad coordinante) y se estudia el transporte de una escuaridina (colorante) a la superficie de la nanopartícula en presencia de diferentes explosivos. En ausencia de explosivos, la escuaridina (color azul y fluorescencia intensa) es capaz de reaccionar con los tioles anclados en la superficie decolorando la disolución. En presencia de explosivos nitroaromáticos se produce una inhibición de la reacción escuaridinatiol y la suspensión permanece azul. Esta inhibición es debida a la formación de complejos de transferencia de carga entre las poliaminas y los explosivos nitroaromáticos. En la segunda parte de esta tesis doctoral se han preparado materiales híbridos con cavidades biomiméticas basados en el empleo de MCM-41 como soporte inorgánico mesoporoso (ver capítulo 4). Para ello se ha procedido al anclaje de tres fluoróforos (pireno, dansilo y fluoresceína) en el interior de los poros del soporte inorgánico y, posteriormente, se ha hidrofobado el interior de material mediante la reacción de los silanoles superficiales con 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexametildisilazano. Mediante este procedimiento se consiguen cavidades hidrófobas que tienen en su interior los fluoróforos. Estos materiales son fluorescentes cuando se suspenden en acetonitrilo mientras que cuando se añaden explosivos nitroaromáticos a estas suspensiones se observa una desactivación de la emisión muy marcada. Esta desactivación de la emisión es debida a la inclusión de los explosivos nitroaromáticos en la cavidad biomimética y a la interacción de estas moléculas (mediante interacciones de ¿- stacking) con el fluoróforo. Una característica importante de estos materiales híbridos sensores es que pueden ser reutilizados después de la extracción del explosivo de las cavidades hidrofóbicas. En la última parte de esta tesis doctoral se han desarrollado materiales híbridos orgánicoinorgánicos funcionalizados con ¿puertas moleculares¿ que han sido empleados también para detectar explosivos nitroaromáticos (ver capítulo 5). Para la preparación de estos materiales también se ha empleado MCM-41 como soporte inorgánico. En primer lugar, los poros del soporte inorgánico se cargan con un colorante/fluoróforo seleccionado. En una segunda etapa, la superficie externa del material cargado se ha funcionalizado con ciertas moléculas con carácter electrón dador (pireno y ciertos derivados del tetratiafulvaleno). Estas moléculas ricas en electrones forman una monocapa muy densa (debida a las interacciones dipolo-dipolo entre estas especies) alrededor de los poros que inhibe la liberación del colorante. En presencia de explosivos nitroaromáticos se produce la ruptura de la monocapa, debido a interacciones de ¿-stacking con las moléculas ricas en electrones, con la consecuencia de una liberación del colorante atrapado en el interior de los poros observándose una respuesta cromo-fluorogénica
Salinas Soler, Y. (2013). Functional hybrid materials for the optical recognition of nitroaromatic explosives involving supramolecular interactions [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/31663
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25

Hecht, Mandy. "Particulate systems and thin-film based platforms." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17329.

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Die Verbindung von hoch entwickelten Nanomaterialien mit fluoreszenzbasierten Technologien hat sich zu einem aufstrebenden Forschungsbereich entwickelt. Nichtsdestotrotz ist bis heute der Schritt von einem organischen Indikatormolekül zum anwendbaren Sensorsystem ein komplexer Prozess. Diese Arbeit zielte darauf ab, sensorische Materialien verschiedener chemischer Natur für diverse Analyten zu entwickeln, zu charakterisieren und zu etablieren. Hierbei wurden zunächst pH sensitive Fluoreszenzfarbstoffe entwickelt und in dünnen Membranen immobilisiert. Der Teststreifen ermöglicht die Beurteilung von pH-Änderungen mit dem Auge. Darüber hinaus wurde gezeigt, wie diese Farbstoffe auch in eine wasserlösliche Form überführt werden können. Damit konnten lokale pH-Änderungen an der Wachstumsfront von Silikat-Biomorphs detektiert werden. Auch partikuläre Systeme stellten sich als geeignete Materialien heraus. Es konnte gezeigt werden, wie die Silikat-Matrix von Partikeln zu verbesserten Eigenschaften für Farbstoffe führt. Mittels farbstoffbeladener Partikel konnte in einem Lateral-Flow-Assay ein schneller Nachweis von TATP etabliert werden. Ein anderer Ansatz verfolgte das Ziel des sensitiven Nachweises von Quecksilberionen in Wasser. In einem anderen System konnten Silikat-Nanopartikeln so funktionalisiert werden, dass ein sensitiver und selektiver Nachweis von Schwermetallionen und Anionen über ein Quencher-Displacement-Assay gelang. Zusätzlich wurde die einzigartige Oberfläche von Zellulosepartikeln mithilfe eines neu entwickelten Fluoreszenzfarbstoffs untersucht. Die untersuchten Materialien und Strategien zeigen, wie leicht innovative Moleküle für potentielle sensorische Systeme im wässrigen Medium auf Basis von fluoreszierenden Partikeln und dünnen Schichten geschaffen werden können. Das Verhalten der hergestellten Materialien wurde über spektroskopische Methoden evaluiert und dabei, wenn möglich, die Parameter Sensitivität, Selektivität und Ansprechzeit beurteilt.
The combination of fluorescence and nanomaterials has developed into an emerging research area. Nonetheless until now the step from an organic sensory molecule to a final sensor format is a complex endeavor. This thesis aimed at the preparation of particulate and thin-film based platforms for various analytes through combining the features of an appropriate host material with outstanding properties of dyes concomitant with sensitive fluorescence detection techniques. In particular, pH sensitive fluorescent probes were sterically immobilized into a thin membrane. The dip-stick allows the assessment upon change in pH with the eye. Especially a probe working at high basic pH range was converted into a water-soluble analogue and was directly applied at the growth front of silica biomorphs to detect local pH changes. But also particulate structures are suitable host materials. It is shown how the silica matrix of nanoparticles lead to improved optical properties for embedded dyes. The interactions of silica and fluorescent dyes within the pores of mesoporous particles were exploited to develop an actual sensor format based detection of TATP. In another approach it was possible to detect mercury ions in water. Heavy metal ions were also successfully detected in a quencher displacement assay involving receptor-dye functionalized silica nanoparticles. The impact of the unique surface properties of cellulose microparticles was shown by a fluorescent dye which allows an assessment of the surface functional groups and microenvironment through the reactivity and its changes in the optical properties. The performance of the prepared materials were evaluated mostly by spectroscopic methods and if possible assessed in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and response time. The newly developed and investigated materials based on fluorescent particulate and thin-films show the facile application of innovative sensor probes for potentially sensing devices.
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26

Smith, Adam Douglas. "A time-resolved fluorescence study of silicon nanoparticles : testing the dimer stretching model /." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3314897.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-05, Section: B, page: 3065. Adviser: Taekjip Ha. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-104) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
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27

Chen, Hsueh-An, and 陳學安. "Ratiometric Fluorescence Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Intracellular pH Sensing." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82202228481937499920.

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碩士
臺灣大學
化學研究所
98
Mesoporous silica Nanoparticles (MSNs) exhibits many advantages such as large pore volume, high surface area, rigid structure, great capability of surface modification and good biocompatibility. In this research we synthesis and characterization MSNs, with pH-sensing capability and their application for intracellular pH measurements in HeLa cell. The MSNs are labeled with FITC (a pH-sensitive dye) and RITC (a pH-insensitive dye) covalently attached to the particle surface, which serves as a ratiometric Fluorescence for increased accuracy of the pH measurements. The pH dynamic range of the sensing particles is between 5.5 and 7.5 which is suitable be used to imaging intracellular pH localization. Key word: mesoporous, nanoparticles, ratiometric fluorescence, intracellular pH, post modification, co-condensation
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28

He, Yu-Cheng, and 何右正. "Direct synthesis and characterization of mesoporous silica nanoparticle with fluorescence dye." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k8h45p.

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碩士
中原大學
化學研究所
99
Nano-sized nanoporous materials tethering carboxylic indicators were prepared via direct-synthesis and co-condensation. Indicators with carboxylic group were synthesized on nanoporous materials via Friedel-Crafts reaction. These nanoporous materials with indicators can be used for trace of biological cells. Two kinds of nanosized nanoporous material were synthesized. One was MSN (mesoporous silica nanoparticle) with porosity of 2.6 nm and particle size of 70 nm. Another was SBA-15NPs (SBA-15 nanoparticles) having 10 nm porous and 400 nm particle size. Indicators on MSN and SBA-15NPs were bonded after synthesis. Three kinds of bonded indicators were chosen and studied because of their unique properties. The three bonded indicators emitted green fluorescence and orange fluorescence. Their characteristic fluorescence intensity variation with various pH values in solution were monitored by photography and fluorescence spectroscopy. MSNs with indicators were effectively endocytos into cells as a cell markers. Synthesized nanoporous materials with indicators via Friedel-Crafts reaction are inexpensive, simple and rare as compared to commercially available dyes. Synthesis of different indicators can be achieved by simply adding different reactants. In addition, Silica as the component of the synthesized nanomaterial has high biocompatibility and stability. Thus, mesoporous nanoparticles with indicators can be applied not only as a cell maker but also a medicine carrier.
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29

Tsai, Siao-Yu, and 蔡嘯宇. "Application of Superparamagnetic FePt Encapsulated in Silica/Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Fluorescence/Magnetic Resonance Dual Imaging." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38052669379799295047.

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碩士
國立中興大學
化學系所
99
Superparamagnetic nanoparticles have demonstrated their practicability as MRI contrast agents. However, low intracellular labeling efficiency and hydrophobicity has limited the potential usage in vitro, in vivo and in clinic. Here, the hydrophilic polyethylene glycol-lyated (PEG-lyated) fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-binded silica-coated / mesoporous silica-coated FePt nanoparticles (FePt@SiO2-FITC-PEG / FePt@MSN-FITC-PEG) were developed as a potential bifunctionally magnetic vector for fluorescence/MRI dual imaging. The hydrophilic PEG-lyated nanopraticles exhibited stable water-dispersity and successful intracellular fluorescence imaging in HT29 cell line. FePt@MSN-FITC -PEG was uptaken via endocytic pathway and trapped in endosomes/lysosomes within 12 h observed by confocal microscopy. Moreover, magnetic resonance relaxometry reveals that FePt@MSN-FITC have a high T2-shortening effect because of the superparamagnetic chemically disordered face-centered cubic (fcc) FePt that can induce sufficient cell MRI contrast. This novel PEG-lyated delivery system is a potential nanocarrier for the combination of fluorescence and MRI contrast for the diagnosis of cancer.
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30

Jose, Jiney. "Synthesis of Through-bond Energy Transfer Cassettes and Their Encapsulation in Silica and Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-12-7334.

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Water-soluble fluorescent probes with emission in the 600-800 nm region have significant potential in biological applications such as cell imaging. Most fluorescent probes however suffer from limited fluorescence brightness in aqueous media due to aggregation and self-quenching. Their photostability in animal models for an extended period of time is also a concern. One way of improving their photophysical properties is to encapsulate them in a protective matrix to form fluorescent nanoparticles. We have synthesized a set of six through-bond energy transfer cassettes which emit in the 600-800 nm region with Fluorescein or BODIPY as donor and benzophenoxazine dye Nile Red or cyanine dye Cy5 as acceptor. Their photophysical properties in organic and aqueous media were evaluated. Some of these cassettes were encapsulated in silica or calcium phosphate nanoparticles (20 nm in diameter) to improve their solubility and photophysical properties in aqueous media. We also synthesized some water-soluble benzophenoxazine based fluorophores and the impact of different water-soluble groups on their emission characteristics in aqueous media was studied. Selected fluorophores were used for in vitro cellular imaging studies.
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31

YU, LIN ZHEN, and 林貞諭. "Preliminary Study on Preparation of Magnetic and Fluorescent Nanoparticles Modified by Silica." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/988g7b.

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碩士
國立暨南國際大學
應用化學系
105
This thesis focuses on preparations of using porous silicon dioxide modified iron oxide and cadmium selenide zinc sulfide (CdSe / ZnS) quantum dots. The motivation of this research is to make magnetic and fluorescent nanoparticles. The presence of porous silicon dioxide in the magnetic and fluorescent nanoparticles can make particles round sphere shape and also increase ability of attaching functional groups onto nanoparticles. Therefore we can easily create functional nanoparticles.
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32

Neves, Cristina Sofia dos Santos. "Development of fluorescent silica nanoparticles encapsulating organic and inorganic fluorophores: synthesis and characterization." Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/73737.

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33

Neves, Cristina Sofia dos Santos. "Development of fluorescent silica nanoparticles encapsulating organic and inorganic fluorophores: synthesis and characterization." Tese, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/73737.

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34

Tsai, Charng-Sheng, and 蔡長昇. "1. Detection of Protein-Protein Interactions and Purification of Specific Proteins with Substrate-Capped Gold Nanoparticles2. Application of Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles to image Salmonella typhimurium." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52286584935091942495.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
化學研究所
94
Abstract This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part used substrate-capped gold nanoparticles to detect protein-protein interactions and to purify specific protein. We designed and synthesized a series of sugar-capped gold nanoparticles (Sugar-GNPs) used in competition colorimetric assay for studying protein-protein interactions, particularly lectins. The competition assay uses the ensemble of lectin and Sugar-GNPs, which display blue color due to multivalent interactions between lectin and Sugar-GNPs, to identify the binding partners for lectin. Protein-Protein interaction can be evaluated qualitatively as well as quantitatively by using this competition assay. By using this methodology, a broad range of proteins can be rapidly evaluated for their abilities to interact with the protein of interest in real time, rendering high throughput screening possible. Sugar-GNPs can be used not only in detection of protein-protein interaction but also in purification of carbohydrate-binding protein. If the surface plasmon resonance band is red-shifted, it indicates that the binding occurs between Sugar-GNPs and the protein in the solution. By centrifuging the colloid, the complex can be isolated and purified. The identity of the isolated carbohydrate-binding protein can be further confirmed by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF-MS. The feasibility of Sugar-GNPs for the simultaneous enrichment and isolation of ConA from protein mixture is demonstrated. Furthermore, very few quantity of agglutinin can be purified from a small amount of dry weight of algae and the biological activity still remains after recovering the protein from the complex. In addition, activity-based probe was designed and synthesized to form a covalent bond between the specific protein and substrate-capped gold nanoparticles through “click” reaction. Our experimental results indicate that labeled enzymes are easily separated from the unlabeled ones by centrifuge. SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF-MS are applied to analyze the purified samples. In second part, two methods were employed to synthesize fluorescent silica nanoparticles, which were then modified by mannose derivatives on the surface, namely Man-F-SNP and Man-R-SNP. Both types of particles were used to stain Salmonella typhimurium for bacteria imaging and the results showed that photostability of Man-R-SNP is better than Man-F-SNP.
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35

Shih, Wen Chi, and 石文奇. "Preparation of fluorescent silica nanoparticles using reverse microemulsion and the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66637140782023345566.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
95
Abstract The first objective of this thesis is to utilize a reverse microemulsion (W/O) composed of sodium silicate, protein A, and fluorescent dyes (Rubpy) to prepare protein A-fluorescent silica nanoparticles. The other objective is to use the antibody-bioconjugated fluorescent silica nanoparticles to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7, through fluorescent immunoassay. The loading of fluorescent dyes was 83.5 % when 5.5 mg/mL sodium silicate and 1 mg/mL Rubpy were used during the synthesis of nanoparticles. SEM pictures show that the average particle diameter of fluorescent silica nanoparticles was 138± 17 nm. The protein A-fluorescent silica nanoparticles were made with 5.5 mg/mL sodium silicate, 5.5 mg/mL Rubpy, and 520 µg/mL protein A. The average diameter of protein A-fluorescent silica nanoparticles was 62± 11 nm and the loading of protein A was 60.72 %. The FTIR spectra and Zeta potential measurements suggest that protein A might be immobilized in silica network by electrostatic interaction. Before the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, the bacterial samples were ruptured by ultrasonication. We were able to detect 10 CFU/mL of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by using fluorescent measurement in a 96-well microplate. This nanoparticle-based bioassay allows for detecting Escherichia coli O157:H7 within 2 hours and it is easy to fabricate. It is a rapid and convenient technique for quantifying pathogenic bacteria.
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36

Tsou, Chieh-Jui, and 鄒劼叡. "Utilizing Fluorescent Dye Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle for pH Sensing and 3D Real Time Tracking in Cancer Cell." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08166045991564214914.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
化學研究所
102
Intracellular pH plays many important roles in cell, including proliferation, apoptosis and endocytosis. Therefore, information of intracellular pH can help us to understand the cellular dysfunctions and the physical conditions of organelles. Since the discovery of mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN), such silica materials with controllable physical properties and excellent biocompatibility have received tremendous attention. Because the silanol groups on surface are available for further modification of diverse functional groups, MSN has been employed in drug delivery, intracellular imaging and sensing. Herein, dye-leaded MSN is synthesized by co-condensing a pH-sensitive dye FITC and a reference dye RITC with silica source. By ratiometric method, one can correctly obtain the readout of this pH sensor. In the first part of the thesis, we demonstrate a 3D real time tracking technique which can record the trajectories of the fluorescent dye-loaded MSN (FMSN) internalized by cancer cell and the change of pH at the same time. The motion of FMSN and pH are proved highly correlative by observing the acidification after endocytosis and the increase of pH due to endosome escape. Moreover, the cellular dysfunction is shown responsible for the occurrence of endosome escape. In the second part, we synthesize hollow structured FMSN by adding hexane during the synthesis, which also leads to a broad pore size distribution. The different surface curvature due to various pore sizes affects not only the distance between FITC and positive-charged functional groups on the silica surface but the pKa value of FITC. As a result, we obtain a powerful pH sensor which owns a broad pH sensing range. We envision these researches can open up new designs of sensors and improve the knowledge of cellular process.
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37

Fučíková, Anna. "Bioaplikace nových nanostrukturních materiálů." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312192.

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Title: Bioapplications of novel nanostructured materials Author: Anna Fučíková Department / Institute: Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: Doc. RNDr. Jan Valenta, Ph.D., Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Abstract: This work is aimed at development of new fluorescent labels based on silicon nanocrystals. Nanodiamonds and commercial CdSe quantum dots have been used as comparative materials. Silicon nanocrystals are relatively small (1-4 nm) compared to other studied nanomaterials. They are prepared by electro-chemical etching and their surface can be activated by various molecules which strongly influences luminescence properties. Luminescence quantum efficiency can be as high as 30 % and perfectly photostable even in biological environment. Si nanocrystals are biodegradable in a living organism within reasonable time scale and non-toxic. We are able to detect luminescence of single nanocrystals, even inside living cells, with use of our micro-spectroscopy apparatus. Nanodiamonds have weak luminescence; they are toxic at higher dosages and very stable in living bodies (without available technique how to remove them). Studied CdSe...
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38

Tang, Jhao-Yu, and 湯昭瑜. "An assessment study on bacterial contamination of fresh cut fruits and vegetables in Taiwan and comparison of liposomal nanovesicles and silica nanoparticles as fluorescent reportersfor the detection of the emetic toxin geneof Bacillus cereus." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65660848759471070249.

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碩士
國立中興大學
食品暨應用生物科技學系所
100
Part I: Recently, the minimally-processed food products have been gradually popular in Taiwan. Fresh cut products can be purchased easily from retailers, convenience stores, hypermarkets, supermarkets, or instant restaurants. The characteristics of fresh-cut products are natural nutrition, handiness, savoriness and freshness. However, during processing, the minimally-processed fruits and vegetables are easily contaminated by bacteria. Therefore, investigating the amount of microbes especially pathogens in RTE food products becomes necessary. The study sampled a total of 165 minimally-processed fruits or vegetables from 20 companies to investigate their total plate count (TBC), coliform, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus. In this study, the most contaminated issue in RTE products were coliform since 40% of samples are unqualified. Moreover, there were 7 samples including papaya (Company D), guava (Company H), beef tomato (Company L), lettuce (Company M), and cabbage (Company S) which were contaminated by Salmonella spp. In addition, there was one sample, rape (Company T) which was contaminated by L. monocytogenes. Conclusively, the survey of this study shows that the companies need to improve their sanitary quality or the process of RTE and RTC products. Part II The liposomal nanovesicles and silica nanoparticles were used as fluorescent reporters for the detection of Bacillus cereus ces gene in a sandwich-type hybridization assay and their assay performance was compared in order to develop a sensitive assay with a lower detection limit. Oligonucleotide capturer pobes was conjugated to the surface of magnetic beads through an avidin–biotin linkage. The reporter DNA-tagged liposomes encapsulating SRB or silica nanoparticles were used as the label reagent to hybridize to DNA-tagged magnetic beads-ces sequence complex. Through a sandwich-type DNA hybridization procedure, the target DNA was captured and quantified by the fluorescent signals from liposomal nanovesicles or silica nanoparticles. The results of this study show that liposomal nanovesicle was a better detection reagent than silica nanoparticles and the assay with liposomal nanovesicles could have a dynamic range as 3.3-100 nM of target DNA with a detection limit of around 0.9 nM. Hence, this study has developed a probe tagged fluorescent nanovesicle method to detect B. cereus ces gene.
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