Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fluorescence sensing

Academic literature on the topic 'Fluorescence sensing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fluorescence sensing"

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Montali, Chiara, Stefania Abbruzzetti, Arne Franzen, Giorgia Casini, Stefano Bruno, Pietro Delcanale, Sandra Burgstaller, et al. "Nitric Oxide Sensing by a Blue Fluorescent Protein." Antioxidants 11, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): 2229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112229.

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S-Nitrosylation of cysteine residues is an important molecular mechanism for dynamic, post-translational regulation of several proteins, providing a ubiquitous redox regulation. Cys residues are present in several fluorescent proteins (FP), including members of the family of Aequorea victoria Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-derived FPs, where two highly conserved cysteine residues contribute to a favorable environment for the autocatalytic chromophore formation reaction. The effect of nitric oxide on the fluorescence properties of FPs has not been investigated thus far, despite the tremendous role FPs have played for 25 years as tools in cell biology. We have examined the response to nitric oxide of fluorescence emission by the blue-emitting fluorescent protein mTagBFP2. To our surprise, upon exposure to micromolar concentrations of nitric oxide, we observed a roughly 30% reduction in fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime. Recovery of fluorescence emission is observed after treatment with Na-dithionite. Experiments on related fluorescent proteins from different families show similar nitric oxide sensitivity of their fluorescence. We correlate the effect with S-nitrosylation of Cys residues. Mutation of Cys residues in mTagBFP2 removes its nitric oxide sensitivity. Similarly, fluorescent proteins devoid of Cys residues are insensitive to nitric oxide. We finally show that mTagBFP2 can sense exogenously generated nitric oxide when expressed in a living mammalian cell. We propose mTagBFP2 as the starting point for a new class of genetically encoded nitric oxide sensors based on fluorescence lifetime imaging.
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Murfin, Lloyd C., and Simon E. Lewis. "Azulene—A Bright Core for Sensing and Imaging." Molecules 26, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020353.

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Azulene is a hydrocarbon isomer of naphthalene known for its unusual colour and fluorescence properties. Through the harnessing of these properties, the literature has been enriched with a series of chemical sensors and dosimeters with distinct colorimetric and fluorescence responses. This review focuses specifically on the latter of these phenomena. The review is subdivided into two sections. Section one discusses turn-on fluorescent sensors employing azulene, for which the literature is dominated by examples of the unusual phenomenon of azulene protonation-dependent fluorescence. Section two focuses on fluorescent azulenes that have been used in the context of biological sensing and imaging. To aid the reader, the azulene skeleton is highlighted in blue in each compound.
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Liu, Mingxian, Fenglin Tang, Zhengli Yang, Jing Xu, and Xiupei Yang. "Recent Progress on Gold-Nanocluster-Based Fluorescent Probe for Environmental Analysis and Biological Sensing." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2019 (January 2, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1095148.

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Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are one of metal nanoclusters, which play a pivotal role in the recent advances in the research of fluorescent probes for their fluorescence effect. They are favored by most researchers due to their strong stability in fluorescence and adjustability in fluorescence wavelength when compared to traditional organic fluorescent dyes. In this review, we introduce various synthesis strategies of gold-nanocluster-based fluorescent probes and summarize their application for environmental analysis and biological sensing. The use of gold-nanocluster-based fluorescent probes for the analysis of heavy metals and inorganic and organic pollutants is covered in the environmental analysis while biological labeling, imaging, and detection are presented in biological sensing.
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Birch, David J. S., Ashok Ganesan, and Jan Karolin. "Metabolic sensing using fluorescence." Synthetic Metals 155, no. 2 (November 2005): 410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.09.025.

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Jayaraman, Jayabharathi, and Jayamoorthy Karunamoorthy. "Sensing Nanoparticulate ZnO with Benzimidazole Derivative by Fluorescence." Key Engineering Materials 543 (March 2013): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.543.63.

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A sensitive benzimidazole derivative fluorescent sensor for nanoparticulate ZnO has been designed and synthesized. The nanocrystalline ZnO, Ag doped ZnO and Cu doped ZnO have been synthesised by sol-gel method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance, photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopies. The synthesized sensor emits fluorescence at 360 nm and this fluorescence is selectively enhanced by nanocrystalline ZnO. This technique is sensitive to detect and estimate ZnO at micro molar level. Impurities such as Ag and Cu do not hamper the sensitivity of this technique significantly. Keywords: Sensor, SEM, EDX, Impedance, Fluorescence
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Zhang, Zhong, Xin Ma, Bowei Li, Jia Zhao, Ji Qi, Guoying Hao, Rong Jianhui, and Xingbin Yang. "Fluorescence detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by ratiometric fluorescence imaging on paper-based microfluidic chips." Analyst 145, no. 3 (2020): 963–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an01798d.

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Szablewski, Marek, Richard L. Thompson, and Lars-Olof Pålsson. "Modulated Fluorescence in LB Films Based on DADQs—A Potential Sensing Surface?" Molecules 27, no. 12 (June 17, 2022): 3893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123893.

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Novel fluorescent Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films have been constructed from three different amphiphilic dicynaoquinodimethanes (DADQs). The DADQs varied in functional group structure, which had an impact on the LB film structure and the fluorescence properties. As the fluorescence of DADQs competes with non-radiative decay (conformational change), the packing and/or free volume in the LB film will influence the average fluorescence lifetime and integrated intensity. The pristine (blank) LB films were then exposed to a selection of non-fluorescent target analytes (some with environmental relevance) and the fluorescence was measured and analyzed relative to the pristine LB film. Exposure of the LB films to selected target analytes results in a modulation of the fluorescence, both with respect to average fluorescence lifetime and integrated intensity. The modulation of the fluorescence is different for different DADQ LB films and can be attributed to restricted non-radiative decays or charge transfer reactions between target analyte and DADQ LB film. The response from the DADQ LB films shows that these systems can be developed into sensing surfaces based on fluorescence measurements.
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Zhu, Jin-Long, Peizhi Zhu, Hai-Tao Chen, Min Yan, and Kou-Lin Zhang. "Distinct solvent-dependent luminescence sensing property of a newly constructed Cu(ii)–organic framework." CrystEngComm 23, no. 9 (2021): 1929–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ce01724h.

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The distinct solvent-dependent fluorescence sensing behavior of an extremely rare Cu(ii) MOF, showing the fluorescent “turn-off” sensing of Fe3+ and HCO3− in DMF and “turn-on” sensing of Al3+ in water.
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Du, Chenxu, Chaoqun Ma, Jiao Gu, Lei Li, and Guoqing Chen. "Fluorescence Sensing of Caffeine in Tea Beverages with 3,5-diaminobenzoic Acid." Sensors 20, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030819.

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A rapid, selective and sensitive method for the detection of caffeine in tea infusion and tea beverages are proposed by using 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid as a fluorescent probe. The 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid emits strong fluorescence around 410 nm under the excitation of light at 280 nm. Both the molecular electrostatic potential analysis and fluorescent lifetime measurement proved that the existence of caffeine can quench the fluorescence of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid. Under the optimal experimental parameters, the 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid was used as a fluorescent probe to detect the caffeine aqueous solution. There exists a good linear relationship between the fluorescence quenching of the fluorescent probe and the concentration of caffeine in the range of 0.1–100 μM, with recovery within 96.0 to 106.2%, while the limit of detection of caffeine is 0.03 μM. This method shows a high selectivity for caffeine. The caffeine content in different tea infusions and tea beverages has been determined and compared with the results from HPLC measurement.
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Zhang, Miao, Zhang, Liu, Gong, Li, Cui, et al. "Development of a Surface Plasmon Resonance and Fluorescence Imaging System for Biochemical Sensing." Micromachines 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10070442.

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Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors are an extremely sensitive optical technique used to detect the changes in refractive index occurring at the sensor interface. Fluorescence involves the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation, and the parameters of the absorbed and emitted radiation are used to identify the presence and the amount of specific molecules in a specimen. SPR biosensors and fluorescence analysis are both effective methods for real-time detection. The combination of these technologies would improve the quantitative detection sensitivity of fluorescence analysis and the specificity of SPR detection. We designed and developed an SPR and fluorescence synchronous detection system. The SPR module was based on two kinds of modulation methods, and the fluorescence module was capable of switching between four wavelengths. The fluorescence microspheres and A549 cells of different concentration were both detected by the SPR and fluorescence method synchronously in real time. The fluorescent signal and the optical signal of the SPR were shown to correlate. The correlation coefficient for fluorescent microspheres detection reached up to 0.9866. The system could be used in cell analysis and molecule diagnosis in the future.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fluorescence sensing"

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Hussain, Faeiza. "Fluorescence-based glucose sensing." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417288.

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Dandin, Marc Péralte. "Towards integrated fluorescence sensing." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7811.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Nagl, Stefan. "Fluorescent multiple chemical sensing using time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging." kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-regensburg/volltexte/2008/996/.

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Zhou, Xiaobo. "Design, synthesis and sensing properties of chiral amine-based fluorescent probes." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1442.

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dos, Santos Almeida Carina Marisa. "Nanomaterials for intracellular fluorescence imaging and sensing." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/45498.

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This thesis explores the use of nanomaterials for bioimaging using conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) and porous silicon nanoneedles (PSNs) for intracellular biosensing. CPNs have recently started being used in biomedical research due to their outstanding optical properties, such as large extinction coefficients and high fluorescence brightness. Several strategies have been developed to stabilise their surface and provide functional groups for subsequent biomolecule conjugation. Peptides are highly customisable molecules and possess several advantages when compared to other capping ligands. A one-pot synthesis and peptide functionalisation method for CPNs using peptide amphiphiles was developed and it was shown that the presence of the peptide amphiphile did not affect the advantageous optical properties of CPNs. By using peptide amphiphiles with different characteristics, it was possible to tailor the cellular uptake of peptide-CPNs, proving the bioactivity of these nanoparticles. Importantly, none of the used peptide-CPNs demonstrated cell cytotoxicity. Other conjugated polymer (CPs) were used to synthesise peptide-CPNs of different colours, demonstrating the versatility of this method. PSNs have been developed for probing the intracellular environment for delivery or sensing. Access to the cytoplasm of cells is difficult using other methods and therefore PSNs are a suitable candidate for a biocompatible and minimally invasive approach. PSNs were functionalised to a cathepsin B (CTSB) protease cleavable peptide with an imaging moiety that would be released upon CTSB sensing. Optimal conditions for the biosensor assembly were determined in silicon chips. Moreover, two oesophageal cell lines were chosen for in vitro studies and their CTSB expression studied. Incubation of PSNs with cells showed tight interfacing without harming to cells. Finally, an intracellular pH sensor using PSNs was developed and it showed linear response in a biologically relevant window. Collectively, these results have contributed to new ways of interfacing functional nanomaterials with the cellular environment.
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Evans, Nicholas David. "Fluorescence-based non-invasive glucose sensing for diabetes." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416007.

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Cabell, Larry Allen. "Chemosensors and competition sensing assays /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Frey, Eric W. "Fluorescence-Based Calcium Ion Sensing at High Hydrostatic Pressures." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1209176599.

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Blagoi, Gabriela. "Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based sensors for bioanalysis." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2004. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/u?/NOD,146.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New Orleans, 2004.
Title from electronic submission form. "A dissertation ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry."--Dissertation t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Kuwana, Eddy. "Measurement and model assessment of fluorescence lifetime sensing in multiply scattering media." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2209.

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The generation and propagation of fluorescence light within biological tissue offers the potential for biomedical diagnostics and analyte sensing. Arising from an exogenous fluorescent dye injected as a contrast agent or immobilized in a polymer implant, the fluorescent decay kinetics can be sensitive to the tissue??s biochemical environment, providing quantitative in vivo information of the confined tissue site. The impact of light propagation and decay kinetics upon the measured signals is important for consideration, simply because tissue scatters light, giving rise to nanosecond photon time-of-flights that are comparable to fluorescence relaxation kinetics. The goal of this study is to develop a time-dependent model describing (i) the generation of fluorescence from dyes exhibiting multi-exponential or more complex kinetics and (ii) its propagation in scattering media. In the preliminary study, fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy is investigated in tissue-like scattering solution. Two fluorescent dyes, 3,3-diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide (DTTCI) and Indocynanine Green (ICG), which exhibit distinctly different lifetimes and each exhibits single-exponential decay kinetics, were employed. Measurements of phase-modulation as a function of modulation frequency were made at varying concentration ratios of the two dyes to experimentally simulate fluorescence multi-exponential decay kinetics in non-scattering and scattering solutions. The results suggest that frequency-domain measurements of fluorescent decay kinetics along with models of light propagation may be enhanced by scatter in order to probe kinetics more sensitively than in non-scattering solutions. The next study involved fluorescence lifetime sensing in scattering and non-scattering solutions with a pH sensitive dye, Carboxy Seminaphthofluorescein-1 (C-SNAFL-1), which is known to exhibit multi-exponential decay kinetics. The results demonstrate accurate pH sensing in scattering solution via fluorescence kinetics using a simplified propagation model incorporating an average lifetime. Finally, fluorescence lifetime sensing in immobilized systems were investigated. C-SNAFL-1 was immobilized in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microparticles that were immersed in buffered polystyrene solutions. The results demonstrate the ability to perform pH sensing with fluorescence lifetime without the confounding effect of fluorophore loading or the use of 'reference' measurement within multiply scattering systems. In addition, the stability of the immobilized fluorescence sensor and the reliability of fluorescence lifetime measurement verify the prospect of this technology for implantable purposes.
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Books on the topic "Fluorescence sensing"

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Demchenko, Alexander P., ed. Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9003-5.

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Demchenko, Alexander P. Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20780-3.

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Demchenko, Alexander P. Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60155-3.

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Introduction to fluorescence sensing. [New York]: Springer, 2009.

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Bowen, Warwick, Frank Vollmer, and Reuven Gordon, eds. Single Molecule Sensing Beyond Fluorescence. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90339-8.

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Geddes, Chris D., and Joseph R. Lakowicz, eds. Advanced Concepts in Fluorescence Sensing. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23647-3.

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Hewitt, Alan D. Detecting metallic primary explosives with a portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Hanover, N.H: U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 1997.

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Lichtenthaler, Hartmut K., ed. Applications of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Photosynthesis Research, Stress Physiology, Hydrobiology and Remote Sensing. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2823-7.

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K, Lichtenthaler Hartmut, ed. Applications of chlorophyll fluorescence: In photosynthesis research, stress physiology, hydrobiology, and remote sensing. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.

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Nicolau, Dan V., and Alexander N. Cartwright. Nanoscale imaging, sensing, and actuation for biomedical applications VII: 25-28 January 2010, San Francisco, California, United States. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fluorescence sensing"

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Lakowicz, Joseph R. "Fluorescence Sensing." In Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, 531–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3061-6_19.

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Vullev, Valentine I., Hui Jiang, and Guilford Jones. "Excimer Sensing." In Advanced Concepts in Fluorescence Sensing, 211–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23647-3_7.

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Yu, Wenyan, Wei C. Jiang, Qiang Lin, and Tao Lu. "Optomechanical Sensing." In Single Molecule Sensing Beyond Fluorescence, 127–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90339-8_4.

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Demchenko, Alexander P. "The Sensing Devices." In Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing, 507–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20780-3_11.

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Demchenko, Alexander P. "Organic Dyes and Visible Fluorescent Proteins as Fluorescence Reporters." In Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing, 167–236. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60155-3_5.

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Demchenko, Alexander P. "Fluorescence Detection Techniques." In Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing, 69–132. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20780-3_3.

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Demchenko, Alexander P. "Nanoscale Fluorescence Emitters." In Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing, 203–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20780-3_5.

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Demchenko, Alexander P. "Molecular-Size Fluorescence Emitters." In Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing, 133–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20780-3_4.

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Demchenko, Alexander P. "Principles and Techniques in Chemical and Biological Sensing." In Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing, 1–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60155-3_1.

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Demchenko, Alexander P. "Smart Luminescent Nanocomposites." In Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing, 401–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60155-3_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fluorescence sensing"

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Gryczynski, Zygmunt, Ignacy Gryczynski, and Joseph R. Lakowicz. "Fluorescence polarization sensing." In Photonics East '99, edited by Stephanus Buettgenbach. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.370274.

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Stoll, Marc-Philippe, Andrew J. Court, Kees Smorenburg, Huib Visser, Luiggi Crocco, Jyro Heilimo, and Andre Honig. "FLEX: fluorescence explorer." In Remote Sensing, edited by Giovanna Cecchi, Edwin T. Engman, and Eugenio Zilioli. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.373106.

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Tolosa, Leah, Ignacy Gryczynski, Lisa Randers-Eichhorn, Jonathan D. Dattelbaum, Govind Rao, and Joseph R. Lakowicz. "Fluorescence sensing of glucose." In BiOS '99 International Biomedical Optics Symposium, edited by Joseph R. Lakowicz, Steven A. Soper, and Richard B. Thompson. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.347544.

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Kommidi, Praveena R., and B. Rami Reddy. "Fluorescence lifetime sensing of temperature." In Optics East 2006, edited by Tuan Vo-Dinh, Robert A. Lieberman, and Günter Gauglitz. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.695382.

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Lakowicz, Joseph R., Ignacy Gryczynski, Zygmunt Gryczynski, Jonathan D. Dattelbaum, Leah Tolosa, and Govind Rao. "Novel methods for fluorescence sensing." In BiOS '99 International Biomedical Optics Symposium, edited by Joseph R. Lakowicz, Steven A. Soper, and Richard B. Thompson. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.347525.

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Li, Rong, and Feng Zhao. "Performance of fluorescence retrieval methods and fluorescence spectrum reconstruction under various sensor spectral configurations." In SPIE Remote Sensing, edited by Christopher M. U. Neale and Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2196429.

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Conkey, Donald B., Antonio Caravaca, and Rafael Piestun. "Backscattering Scanning Fluorescence Microscopy." In Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cosi.2011.ctua2.

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Merchant, David F., Patricia J. Scully, Robert Edwards, and Jozef Grabowski. "Optical fiber fluorescence and toxicity sensor." In Environmental Sensing III, edited by Robert A. Lieberman. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.276153.

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Cecchi, Giovanna, Marco Bazzani, Luca Pantani, Piero Mazzinghi, and Valentina Raimondi. "Fluorescence lidar remote sensing of vegetation." In Satellite Remote Sensing II, edited by Edwin T. Engman, Gerard Guyot, and Carlo M. Marino. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.227168.

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Loehmannsroeben, Hans-Gerd, Thomas Roch, Rainer G. Schaefer, Rainer H. Schultze, and Harry Vereecken. "Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy for in-situ analysis of fluorescence tracers in water and soils." In Environmental Sensing III, edited by Giovanna Cecchi, Torsten Lamp, Rainer Reuter, and Konradin Weber. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.274737.

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Reports on the topic "Fluorescence sensing"

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Orlicki, Joshua A., Xianyan Wang, Matthew S. Bratcher, Robert E. Jensen, Lynne A. Samuelson, and Steven H. McKnight. Modified Hyperbranched Polymers for Fluorescence Sensing Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada568734.

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Fernando, P. U. Ashvin Iresh, Gilbert Kosgei, Matthew Glasscott, Garrett George, Erik Alberts, and Lee Moores. Boronic acid functionalized ferrocene derivatives towards fluoride sensing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44762.

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In this technical report (TR), a robust, readily synthesized molecule with a ferrocene core appended with one or two boronic acid moieties was designed, synthesized, and used toward F- (free fluoride) detection. Through Lewis acid-base interactions, the boronic acid derivatives are capable of binding with F- in an aqueous solution via ligand exchange reaction and is specific to fluoride ion. Fluoride binding to ferrocene causes significant changes in fluorescence or electrochemical responses that can be monitored with field-portable instrumentation at concentrations below the WHO recommended limit. The F- binding interaction was further monitored via proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). In addition, fluorescent spectroscopy of the boronic acid moiety and electrochemical monitoring of the ferrocene moiety will allow detection and estimation of F- concentration precisely in a solution matrix. The current work shows lower detection limit (LOD) of ~15 μM (285 μg/L) which is below the WHO standards. Preliminary computational calculations showed the boronic acid moieties attached to the ferrocene core interacted with the fluoride ion. Also, the ionization diagrams indicate the amides and the boronic acid groups can be ionized forming strong ionic interactions with fluoride ions in addition to hydrogen bonding interactions.
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Perry, Mary J. Determination of Phytoplankton Biomass in Coastal Waters by Remote Sensing of Chlorophyll A Fluorescence (AASERT). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada635376.

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VerMeulen, Holly, Jay Clausen, Ashley Mossell, Michael Morgan, Komi Messan, and Samuel Beal. Application of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for environmental, chemical, and biological sensing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40986.

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The Army is interested in sensors capable of characterizing/monitoring the environment (battlefield or military training ranges) at proximal distances. Recently, we evaluated laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) systems (hand-held, proximal, and bench top) for the characterization of metals (antimony, copper, lead, tungsten, and zinc) in soils obtained from military training ranges. We then compared the results to findings obtained with standard field and laboratory instrumentation for metals analysis -X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Inductively Couple Plasma- Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES).
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Kool, Eric T. Use of Multiple Fluorescent Labels in Biological Sensing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada448546.

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Kool, Eric T. Interactions of Multiple Fluorescent Labels in Biological Sensing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430439.

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Lesser, Michael P. Coastal Benthic Optical Properties (CoBOP) of Coral Reef Environments: Small Scale Fluorescent Optical Signatures and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Coral Reef Habitats. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627969.

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Lesser, Michael P. Coastal Benthic Optical Properties (CoBOP) of Coral Reef Environments: Small Scale Fluorescent Optical Signatures and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Coral Reef Habitats. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628422.

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Engel, Bernard, Yael Edan, James Simon, Hanoch Pasternak, and Shimon Edelman. Neural Networks for Quality Sorting of Agricultural Produce. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613033.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to develop procedures and models, based on neural networks, for quality sorting of agricultural produce. Two research teams, one in Purdue University and the other in Israel, coordinated their research efforts on different aspects of each objective utilizing both melons and tomatoes as case studies. At Purdue: An expert system was developed to measure variances in human grading. Data were acquired from eight sensors: vision, two firmness sensors (destructive and nondestructive), chlorophyll from fluorescence, color sensor, electronic sniffer for odor detection, refractometer and a scale (mass). Data were analyzed and provided input for five classification models. Chlorophyll from fluorescence was found to give the best estimation for ripeness stage while the combination of machine vision and firmness from impact performed best for quality sorting. A new algorithm was developed to estimate and minimize training size for supervised classification. A new criteria was established to choose a training set such that a recurrent auto-associative memory neural network is stabilized. Moreover, this method provides for rapid and accurate updating of the classifier over growing seasons, production environments and cultivars. Different classification approaches (parametric and non-parametric) for grading were examined. Statistical methods were found to be as accurate as neural networks in grading. Classification models by voting did not enhance the classification significantly. A hybrid model that incorporated heuristic rules and either a numerical classifier or neural network was found to be superior in classification accuracy with half the required processing of solely the numerical classifier or neural network. In Israel: A multi-sensing approach utilizing non-destructive sensors was developed. Shape, color, stem identification, surface defects and bruises were measured using a color image processing system. Flavor parameters (sugar, acidity, volatiles) and ripeness were measured using a near-infrared system and an electronic sniffer. Mechanical properties were measured using three sensors: drop impact, resonance frequency and cyclic deformation. Classification algorithms for quality sorting of fruit based on multi-sensory data were developed and implemented. The algorithms included a dynamic artificial neural network, a back propagation neural network and multiple linear regression. Results indicated that classification based on multiple sensors may be applied in real-time sorting and can improve overall classification. Advanced image processing algorithms were developed for shape determination, bruise and stem identification and general color and color homogeneity. An unsupervised method was developed to extract necessary vision features. The primary advantage of the algorithms developed is their ability to learn to determine the visual quality of almost any fruit or vegetable with no need for specific modification and no a-priori knowledge. Moreover, since there is no assumption as to the type of blemish to be characterized, the algorithm is capable of distinguishing between stems and bruises. This enables sorting of fruit without knowing the fruits' orientation. A new algorithm for on-line clustering of data was developed. The algorithm's adaptability is designed to overcome some of the difficulties encountered when incrementally clustering sparse data and preserves information even with memory constraints. Large quantities of data (many images) of high dimensionality (due to multiple sensors) and new information arriving incrementally (a function of the temporal dynamics of any natural process) can now be processed. Furhermore, since the learning is done on-line, it can be implemented in real-time. The methodology developed was tested to determine external quality of tomatoes based on visual information. An improved model for color sorting which is stable and does not require recalibration for each season was developed for color determination. Excellent classification results were obtained for both color and firmness classification. Results indicted that maturity classification can be obtained using a drop-impact and a vision sensor in order to predict the storability and marketing of harvested fruits. In conclusion: We have been able to define quantitatively the critical parameters in the quality sorting and grading of both fresh market cantaloupes and tomatoes. We have been able to accomplish this using nondestructive measurements and in a manner consistent with expert human grading and in accordance with market acceptance. This research constructed and used large databases of both commodities, for comparative evaluation and optimization of expert system, statistical and/or neural network models. The models developed in this research were successfully tested, and should be applicable to a wide range of other fruits and vegetables. These findings are valuable for the development of on-line grading and sorting of agricultural produce through the incorporation of multiple measurement inputs that rapidly define quality in an automated manner, and in a manner consistent with the human graders and inspectors.
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