Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fluorescence induite par LED'
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Elmaimouni, Lahcen. "Etude cinétique de l'équilibre entre les radicaux benzyle et benzylpéroxyle et mesure des constantes de vitesse des réactions des radicaux éthoxy (avec O2 et NO) et hydroxyle (avec CH3CFCl2)." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10085.
Full textLoayza, Loza Hildo. "Suivi expérimental du rendement de fluorescence des couverts végétaux par des techniques actives et passives. Application à la détection du stress hydrique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS465.
Full textThe chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) is directly related to the photosynthetic process. However, at canopy level this physiological link between fluorescence and photosynthesis may be blurred by structural vegetation changes and geometrical effects linked to interactions between sunlight and the three-dimensional structure of the canopy. Furthermore, much of our knowledge about the relationship between fluorescence and the physiological status of plants come from leaf level studies carried out under laboratory conditions. The physiological significance of ChlF at canopy level and under natural conditions is still a major subject of research and a source of uncertainties in the interpretation of SIF. This doctoral project aims were: 1. To study chlorophyll fluorescence yield at canopy level: we describe a new instrument, Ledflex, which is a micro-LIDAR dedicated to perform continuous measurements of vegetation fluorescence yield. Ledflex has been successfully applied under full sunlight conditions to establish the signature of water-stress on a pea (Pisum Sativum) canopy. Under well-watered conditions the Fs diurnal cycle present an M shape with a minimum (Fmin) at noon which is higher than the fluorescence level observed at predawn (Fo). After several days withholding watering, Fs decreases and Fmin
Longchamps, Louis. "Discrimination entre le maïs et les mauvaises herbes par la signature spectrale de fluorescence induite par UV." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23931/23931.pdf.
Full textDevillers, Robin. "Développement et exploitation de techniques de diagnostic optique de mesure de température pour la compréhension des phénomènes de combustion dans les moteurs thermiques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1092.
Full textTemperature of the in-cylinder gas mixture is a key parameter for combustion in internal combustion (IC) engines. Temperature has a significant influence on mixture preparation, auto-ignition chemistry, combustion and pollutant emissions formation. Understanding the underlying physical phenomena requires advanced measurement techniques that provide accurate spatial and temporal distributions of temperature. The objective of this research is therefore, to develop advanced measurement techniques applicable in optical IC engines, based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) imaging. The first part focuses on a technique dedicated to the measurement of unburned gas temperature based on toluene tracer fluorescence. The toluene LIF emission shits spectraly as a function of temperature and this shift can be estimated by measuring the LIF signal in two distinct spectral ranges. The calibration of this signal ratio is performed with emission spectra acquired during the compression of an engine. 2D temperature distributions were then acquired in the engine using the toluene LIF technique. Several experimental conditions were investigated, leading to two measurement strategies depending on the temperature range. The second part describes the two-line OH LIF technique for temperature measurements within the burned combustion gases. Various excitation wavelengths were tested in a steady-state Bunsen-type methane/air flame at 1 bar as well as in an optical engine in order to select appropriate OH lines. The error due to laser sheet attenuation was minimized by selecting two OH transitions with similar absorption characteristics. This strategy was tested in a counter-flow burner flame
Gautier, Pierre. "Dosage des polluants NO et CO par imagerie de fluorescence induite par laser dans les écoulements réactifs." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR26/document.
Full textThis PhD work is to develop a quantitative imaging technique for measurements of the concentration of pollutants in reactive flows. On one hand, the concern was to develop the NO fluorescence imaging technique. For this purpose, an n-level fluorescence model was first developed to calculate the behavior of fluorescence signals with temperature, species concentration, and pressure. Then this model was validated with fluorescence and absorption measurements acquired in an optical cell up to 800 K and to 20 bar and in a high-pressure laminar burner. From this model, a strategy used to measure the instantaneous NO distribution in a stratified flame was defined. Then, a similar study to detect CO with fluorescence was then investigated. Two-photon fluorescence measurements were performed in the optical cell and in a flame. The results make clear that the spectroscopic diagnostic becomes operational with the need to improve the performances of propulsion systems
Delconte, Alain. "Fluorescence induite par laser multibande appliquée à la mesure de température dans les milieux complexes." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL062N/document.
Full textMultiband laser-induced fluorescence is a non-intrusive technique able to provide a measurement of the liquid phase of complex media. The application of this technique in single phase liquids, with a variable optical path (product of the fluorescent tracer molecular concentration by the distance between the probe volume and the collection optics in the liquid) was considered. The ratio of the fluorescence intensities collected on two spectral bands allows removing the influence of the fluorescence tracer concentration, incident laser intensity and probe volume. A third spectral band of detection is used to take into account the re-absorption of the fluorescence in the case of non negligible and variable optical paths. Then, the application of this technique to the measurement of the temperature of the liquid phase of a spray is presented. A specific data processing was developed in order to take into account the random presence of droplets in the probe volume. Moreover, the processing was adapted to achieve combined fluorescence and droplet size measurements using the phase Doppler technique. The overall foreseen goal is to measure temperature per droplet size class. However, several disturbing phenomena were highlighted: - an unexpected non-linear dependence on the droplet size of the ratio of the fluorescence intensities collected on two spectral bands, - a strong incident laser light scattering by the droplets cloud, which induces a fluorescence beyond the excitation zone. This fluorescence is also collected in the depth of field of the optical device and combines with the non-linear size dependence. A correction strategy of these phenomena was implemented and a validation experiment on a heated spray injected in a vapour-saturated cell was performed
Karoui, Asma. "Caractérisation de l'hydrodynamique et du mélange dans les mélangeurs statiques sulzer smv." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT017G.
Full textGrondin, John. "Etude du mélange et de la combustion dans les flammes jets subsoniques à haute vitesse : influence des vitesses, des densités et de la composition du combustible." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443950.
Full textDumand, Clement. "Mélange et combustion dans les petits volumes : application au micro systèmes énergétiques." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2348.
Full textThe study presented in this memory proposes an overview of difficulties related to combustion in small volumes. We seek to design a micro combustor supporting a stable and intensive combustion using the various numerical and experimental tools. In this study, we focus on the combustion and mixing in micro combustors. In a first approach, the ranges of stable combustion were determined as well as the most influential parameters on the combustion efficiency using OD models of Perfectly Stirred Reactor and Partially Stirred Reactor. The mixing between air and fuel upstream of the injection in the micro combustor was characterised experimentally using the PLIF method. A jet of fuel was injected perpendicularly to a flow of air in a small channel (1. 3 mm height). The parametric study undertaken experimentally provides an extensive data base useful to define the inlet conditions in 3D calculations of micro combustors. Moreover, 3D numerical simulations of combustion in realistic geometries of micro combustors were carried out. The results of this study will allow to prepare trial runs in the ONERA new laboratory dedicated to the study of combustion in small volumes. We have also seen that, at these small dimensions, the turbulent mixing is weak and the micromixing is a very important parameter for the stability and the combustion efficiency. The model of PaSR was used to compare and to choose a micromixing model among three, in order to integrate it in a CFD code and to refine the modeling of combustion in micro combustors
Es-Sebbar, Et-touhami. "Étude électrique et analyse par fluorescence induite par laser des décharges de Townsend à la pression atmosphérique dans N2, N2/N2O et N2/O2." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30078.
Full textGebrayel, El Reaidy Georges. "Evaluation expérimentale et modélisation de la contamination induite par laser sur les optiques spatiales." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0493/document.
Full textSince their first implementation in satellite systems, lasers have proven to be very versatile devices in space applications. They are key components of a variety of space-based instruments performing altimetry, light detection and ranging, laser sensing, and laser communication. However, laser induced damage (LID) and laser-induced contamination (LIC) of optical surfaces are a major failure risk for space-bound laser instruments. Regarding the LIC effect, the interaction of the laser with slight traces of organic compounds on the optical surface leads to the formation of a highly absorbing nanometric deposit on the laser footprint. Under certain conditions, this deposit may cause laser induced damage. Today, mainly the LIC effect remains an obstacle for the development of reliable and long-living spaceborne lasers. A parametric study concerning this effect was carried out in this work in order to enhance our understanding of the various mechanisms involved
Younes, Eliane. "Nouveau mélangeur à advection chaotique pour les fluides visqueux newtoniens et à seuil." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4020.
Full textIn order to mix highly viscous fluids with minimal energetic input, we propose a new active inline mixer based on the principle of mixing by chaotic advection. We demonstrate by simple scaling arguments that, by a judicious choice of the controlling parameters, mixing could be efficient. This theoretical study is validated by numerical simulations in the case of Newtonian fluid flows at low Reynolds number. The rheological behavior of the working fluids, the Newtonian (Emkarox) and the yield stress (Carbopol) fluids, used in the experimental study, is characterized. Jn parallel, an experimental device is designed ·and built in the framework of this thesis. During a Newtonian fluid flow, velocity field measurements, obtained by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) method, highlighted the chaotic advection regime. Mixing of two fluids is quantified using the mixing patterns obtained by the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. This study showed that the flow is more chaotic and the mixing is more homogeneous when the fluid particles spend more time in the mixer so that they are sufficiently subjected to the stretching and folding mechanism. ., A similar study is carried out with Carbopol flows to analyze the influence of the fluid rheology on the degree of chaos and on the homogeneity of the mixing
Crozet, Patrick. "Exploration laser à haute résolution : fluorescence induite par laser de dimères alcalins observée par spectrométrie de Fourier, et mécanismes réactionnels intervenant dans les lasers chimiques." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10018.
Full textRoy, Pascale. "Correction des données satellitaires de fluorescence de la chlorophylle-a induite par le soleil pour les effets de bidirectionnalité." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9804.
Full textRobert, Frédéric. "Synthèse et libération de la noradrénaline par les neurones du locus cœruleus : développement de méthodes d'étude in vivo utilisant la microdialyse intracérébrale et l'électrophorèse capillaire avec détection par fluorescence induite par laser." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T203.
Full textLemaire, Romain. "Étude de l'impact de la combustion de différents types de carburants sur les caractéristiques physico-chimiques des particules de suie par couplage de l'incandescence et de la fluorescence induite par laser." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10138.
Full textSoot particles generated in combustion processes are strongly linked to various environmental and health problems. As a consequence, regulations regarding particulate emissions are becoming more and more stringent. To reduce the quantities of soot emitted into the atmosphere, fundamental studies have to be undertaken in order to better understand the mechanisms involved in the formation of soot particles. The objective of this work is to study the impact of the combustion of different types of fuels on the physical-chemical properties of soot. To this end, a hybrid bumer has been specially designed in order to generate a series of liquid fuel diffusion flames whose hydrodynamic behaviour is similar and independent of the physical properties of the tested fuels. Quantitative mappings of soot and soot precursors have been carried out in flames of kerosene, Diesel, gasoline, biofuels and various kerosene and Diesel surrogates by coupling Laser Induced Incandescence and Laser Induced Fluorescence (Lll/LIF). By comparing the LII signaIs obtained for different excitation wavelengths, it has been possible to determine the evolution of the optical properties of soot as a function of the wavelength. The evolution of the physical properties of soot particles (density, specific heat, refractive index, diameter) during the combustion process have been derived from the analysis of the LII fluence curves and time decays obtained at different heights in the flames. Finally, a microprobe sampling system has been developed in order to obtain soot samples which have then been analysed using laser desorption/laser ionization/time-of- tlight mass spectrometry to determine the nature of the chemicals adsorbed on the soot surface
Carrot, François. "Fluorescence induite par laser et spectrométrie par transmission de Fourier haute-résolution : exploration de plusieurs états électroniques de la molécules Li2 et étude du transfert collisionnel entre les états électroniques B1πu → 21Σ+g." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10017.
Full textCrozet, Patrick. "Exploration laser à haute résolution fluorescence induite par laser de dimères alcalins observée par spectrométrie de Fourier, et mécanismes réactionnels intervenant dans les lasers chimiques /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612828n.
Full textMolet, Julien. "Formation des oxydes d'azote dans les flammes haute pression : étude expérimentale par fluorescence induite par laser : application aux flammes méthane/air et méthane/hydrogène/air." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2066/document.
Full textThe nitric oxide (NO) is a pollutant responsible of detrimental effects on the environment and health. To better control these emissions, it’s crucial to understand and to control their formation, in particular during the combustion process at high pressure, area of industrial applications (gas turbines, engines…).There are four major routes of the NO formation: the thermal route, the prompt-NO route, the NNH route and theN2O route. The aim of this experimental thesis is to complete the existing experimental database which isnecessary to the understanding and the identification of the contribution from each route to the NO formation at high pressure.In this thesis, a facility of two twin counter-flow burners was used to study the structure of the laminar, premixed flames at high pressure. Experimental NO concentration profiles have been measured in CH4/O2/N2 flames for arange of equivalence ratio (from 0.7 to 1.2) and pressures (from 0.1 to 0.7 MPa) by Laser Induced Fluorescence.The effect of adding hydrogen (80%CH4/20%H2: Hythane® application) on the NO formation has been also studied in lean CH4/O2/N2 flames. The GDF-Kin®3.0_NCN kinetic mechanism has been compared to experimental data from the literature and also compared to the simulations from the Gas Research Institute mechanisms (version 2.11 and 3.0). These three mechanisms have been finally compared to the experimental data from this thesis
Labreche, Amine. "Potentiel de la combustion partiellement prémélangée pour les moteurs essence." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2032/document.
Full textCarbon dioxide (CO₂) and other pollutant emission limitations are more and more rigorous. These limits conduct cars manufacturers to study new combustion concept, in order to increase conventional gasoline engine efficiencies. Gasoline Partially premixed combustion concept (GPPC) seems to have the potential to reach these objectives, in other terms an efficiencies comparable to diesel engine by with emissions of gasoline engine, which mean a low cost after-treatment system. This study investigates, by an experimental approach, the physical process responsible on controlling this combustion concept and by the way improves it. This will be done by studying the mixture preparation and the combustion behaviour. The first part of this work concerns on determining the impact of in-cylinder thermodynamic conditions, injection strategy and the dilution rate on combustion behaviour using a single cylinder all metal engine. Three distinctive heat release rates were selected; where one represent the optimized injection phasing in term of efficiencies and pollutant emissions. The second part was dedicated to studying the process involved in GPPC combustion mode by optical diagnostic techniques on single cylinder optical access diesel engine. The impact of second injection phasing, fuel and air interaction and also the fuel combustion process allowed the validation of hypothesis emitted in the first part to explain the combustion behaviour and give ways to control this combustion mode
Lemaire, Romain. "Étude de l'impact de la combustion de différents types de carburants sur les caractéristiques physico-chimiques des particules de suie par couplage de l'incandescence et de la fluorescence induite par laser." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10138.
Full textSoot particles generated in combustion processes are strongly linked to various environmental and health problems. As a consequence, regulations regarding particulate emissions are becoming more and more stringent. To reduce the quantities of soot emitted into the atmosphere, fundamental studies have to be undertaken in order to better understand the mechanisms involved in the formation of soot particles. The objective of this work is to study the impact of the combustion of different types of fuels on the physical-chemical properties of soot. To this end, a hybrid bumer has been specially designed in order to generate a series of liquid fuel diffusion flames whose hydrodynamic behaviour is similar and independent of the physical properties of the tested fuels. Quantitative mappings of soot and soot precursors have been carried out in flames of kerosene, Diesel, gasoline, biofuels and various kerosene and Diesel surrogates by coupling Laser Induced Incandescence and Laser Induced Fluorescence (Lll/LIF). By comparing the LII signaIs obtained for different excitation wavelengths, it has been possible to determine the evolution of the optical properties of soot as a function of the wavelength. The evolution of the physical properties of soot particles (density, specific heat, refractive index, diameter) during the combustion process have been derived from the analysis of the LII fluence curves and time decays obtained at different heights in the flames. Finally, a microprobe sampling system has been developed in order to obtain soot samples which have then been analysed using laser desorption/laser ionization/time-of- tlight mass spectrometry to determine the nature of the chemicals adsorbed on the soot surface
Wartel, Maxime. "Développement de la méthode Fluorescence Induite par Laser en jet froid pour la quantification d’espèces aromatiques impliquées dans la formation des particules de suie dans les flammes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10004/document.
Full textThe emission of PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) and carbonaceous particles produced during fuel combustion have a significant impact both on the environment and health. Indeed, soot particles, as ultra-fine particles are easily assimilated by the respiratory system and cause disorders of the body. In addition, PAHs either in the gas phase or adsorbed on the surface of soot are known to be mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds. Understanding of these pollutants formation requires the development of more and more sensitive techniques to allow their detection in flames, a complex environment where many chemical species interact. This thesis aims to develop a new selective, sensitive and quantitative method for detecting PAHs based on the extraction of flame species and their analysis by Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) after cooling within a supersonic jet. By using this method, it is possible to obtain selective spectra of individual PAHs allowing their selective and quantitative measurement in flames.With the development of this method, the measurement of mole fraction profiles of three key species in the mechanisms of PAHs formation (benzene, naphthalene and pyrene) was achieved in a CH4/O2/N2 laminar premixed flame stabilized at low pressure for different pressure and equivalence ratio conditions. In parallel, soot volume fraction profiles were measured in situ using the technique of Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII), highlighting correlations between concentrations of PAHs and soot particles. The obtained database will be useful to develop kinetics modelling of PAHs and soot formation in flames
Babaky, Omar. "Contribution à l'analyse des spectres de Te et Na et étude de l'interaction spin-orbite entre les états... par spectrométrie de Fourier de la fluorescence induite par laser." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375956107.
Full textBabaky, Omar. "Contribution à l'analyse des spectres de Te2 et Na2 et étude de l'interaction spin-orbite entre les état 3πu et A1Σ+u de Na2 par spectrométrie de Fourier de la fluorescence induite par laser." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO19033.
Full textWartel, M. "Développement de la méthode Fluorescence Induite par Laser en jet froid pour la quantification d'espèces aromatiques impliquées dans la formation des particules de suie dans les flammes." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01056840.
Full textRouffet, Benoît. "Etude d'un réacteur de post-décharge d'azote en flux dédié à la décontamination de l'instrumentation médicale : application à la détermination des probabilités de recombinaison hétérogène de l'azote atomique." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/329/.
Full textThe current sterilizers (autoclaves, ethylene oxide sterilizers, gamma irradiation) are incompatible with the temperature materials increasingly used in medical instrumentation and with modern sanitary requirements imposed by standards rules. Plasma sterilization emerged as a possible alternative means in terms of power decontaminant, security of use for people and materials and production costs. Previous works made in our team showed good antibacterial effectiveness of post-discharge flow operating at low pressure in pure nitrogen and have identified the nitrogen atoms as the vehicle for decontamination. The optimization process involves a good understanding of the flow reactive post-discharge. In this thesis, a post discharge reactor was made to make a diagnosis on the concentration of nitrogen atoms (titration of nitrogen monoxide, laser-induced fluorescence), the gas temperature and the temperature of the substrate exposed. The maps obtained are then compared to those provided by a fluid three-dimensional CFD model of the reactor. For the pressure range studied (5-30 Torr), the disappearance of nitrogen atoms is mainly related to the processes of heterogeneous recombination at the gas / wall interface, characterized by the recombination probabilities gN. In literature, quantitative data on those probabilities are nonexistent or can differ by several orders of magnitude. Two methods, based on atomic density profiles measured in the vicinity of substrates introduced into the reactor and on surface temperature increase (related to the exothermic character of the heterogeneous recombination) have yielded the gN values for different materials. Finally, test results decontamination of small diameter tubing (d <1 cm) by the post discharge process are presented
El, Farsy Abderzak. "Détermination des fonctions de distribution des flux des espèces neutres et ionisées en procédé HiPIMS et corrélations avec les couches minces de type TiN déposées." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0085.
Full textThe growth of thin layers in reactive-direct current magnetron sputtering (R-DC) and reactive-high power impulse magnetron sputtering (R-HiPIMS) processes is the general framework of this PhD. Reactive processes consist in the addition, in argon gas, of a reactive gas such as oxygen or nitrogen, and allow the deposition of oxides and nitrides which have many industrial applications. Nevertheless, the high level of expectations regarding new applications requires a better understanding, controlling, mastering of basic processes governing atoms transport in the view of process optimization. The main goal of this PhD is to study the transport of sputtered titanium atoms (Ti) in Ar/N2 gas mixture and to establish correlations with TiN film properties. Tunable diode laser induced fluorescence technique (time resolved in the case of HiPIMS process) has been developed in order to measure velocity distribution functions of neutral Ti atoms at the ground state, function of the pressure, the distance from the target and the gas mixture. In HiPIMS, the additional degree of freedom, given by time dimension, allowed to characterize their kinetic of transport while at the same time providing the possibility to separate characteristic time scales of different processes. Three atoms populations have been highlighted (energetic, quasi-thermalized and thermalized ones). Energy distribution functions of Ti+ ions have been measured using mass spectrometry and four populations have been observed and explained. Finally, deposited thin films have been analyzed by means of SEM, XRD and electron microprobe methods
Moturi, Viswa Maitreyi. "Etude expérimentale d'instabilités à travers la convection turbulente de Rayleigh-Bénard et les instabilités de trajectoires de bulles en ascension." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD030.
Full textThe present work focuses on two common fluid flow problems namely, Turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard Convection and Path instability of rising bubbles immersed in a liquid. Concerning Rotating Turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard Convection, the flow field and temperature field were measured respectively by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) in a vertical plan of symmetry of our cylindrical cell of aspect ratio 1. The weakening of the Large Scale Circulation with decreasing Rossby number - leading to its complete disappearance - was confirmed as well as the formation of vortex columns in the rotation dominated regime. By doing velocity cross correlations, it has been possible to prove experimentally that the vorticity of the columns change direction in the cell’s center. The velocity fluctuations in the cell are highly anisotropic and follow a scaling of Ro0.2 in the rotation affected regime. The temperature of the vortex columns as well as of individual plumes has been estimated by LIF measurements. Concerning the Path instability of rising bubbles, small bubbles rise in straight path, whereas beyond a critical size, bubbles rise in zigzag or helical path. Some new experimental points on the marginal stability curve have been obtained by working in silicon oils of 5 and 10 cst and in water. The agreement with the most recent numerical simulations is only partial. The rise velocity, frequency and amplitude of oscillation have also been measured and suggest a supercritical Hopf bifurcation
Tawidian, Hagop-Jack. "Formation et comportement de nanoparticules dans un plasma : instabilités dans les plasmas poudreux." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2033/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the formation of carbonaceous nanoparticles in a low pressure plasma. Dust particles are created by sputtering a polymer layer deposited on the bottom electrode of a capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharge. The presence of dust particles disturbs and changes the plasma properties. The growth of dust particles can trigger low frequency instabilities that evolve with the dust particle size and density. In the center of the discharge, the void, a dust-free region, is observed. It is characterized by an enhanced luminosity. Different diagnostics (electrical measurements, high speed imaging, Laser Induced Fluorescence) are used in order to understand these different behaviors resulting from plasma-dust particle interactions. Dust particle growth instabilities are investigated showing the existence of different instability regimes. Their main characteristics are extracted such as their duration and their evolution frequency. These instabilities are characterized by the formation of small plasma spheroids moving and interacting in the discharge. Several interesting phenomena are evidenced such as the merging and splitting of these plasma spheroids. Concerning the void, our investigations confirmed the high excitation occurring in this region. In the last part of the thesis, the dissociation of aluminium triisopropoxide (ATI) is studied in a plasma using Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy. Thanks to this diagnostic, the evolution of ATI density has been studied as a function of the discharge parameters. We have also quantified the different hydrocarbon compounds formed by polymerization
Brahami, Yacine. "Mélange à scalaire actif dans les écoulements de jets turbulents." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR093.
Full textActive scalar mixing, which modifies the velocity field through variations of either density or viscosity, received much less attention than passive scalars. This thesis aims at unravelling some open questions pertaining to active scalar mixing. Whilst some results point to the facts that mixing occurs faster for i) light jets than for heavy jets, and ii) more viscous fluid released in a less viscous environment. This simple example reveals the necessity of a systematic study of the problem. We focus on two aspects of these very vast questions. I. Variable density round jet. We designed an experimental set-up, which allows measuring both velocity and scalar fields, using simultaneous Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence. The first question concerns mixing immediately after injection. Therefore, the very near field of the jet was particularly sought. One-point statistics were used to evaluate the large-scale effect of momentum and density variations on the initiation of turbulence. Also, two-point turbulent statistics for velocity and scalar have been appraised. Through this approach, the effects on transition were assessed through scales of turbulent motion. Mixing was also evaluated at the edge of the flow, in the vicinity of the Turbulent/Non-Turbulent Interface. We found additional specificity to variable density mixing, that is inaccessible by averaging on a cylindrical frame of reference. II. Temporally evolving turbulent jet flow with variable viscosity and mass diffusivity. The data consists in Direct Numerical Simulation performed in our group by Dr. M. Gauding. The purpose of these simulations is to study the kinetic energy and scalar dissipation rates in flows with variable momentum and mass diffusivities. We focused on conditional averaging in the vicinity of Turbulent/Non-Turbulent Interface. This data is confronted to one-and-two point transport equations for the momentum and scalar. It is shown that initial gradients of both viscosity and mass diffusivity have an intense and persistent impact on both kinetic energy and scalar dissipation rates, in the vicinity of the Turbulent/Non-Turbulent Interface, albeit a rapidly trend of the jet core towards self-preservation
Peyrot, Donald. "Fluorescence induite par radioluminescence et applications." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23730/23730.pdf.
Full textPeyrot, Donald A. "Fluorescence induite par radioluminescence et applications." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18321.
Full textBourgalais, Jérémy. "Cinétique de formation d'agrégats de van der Waals et détection de produits de réactions d'atomes de carbone d'intérêt pour la combustion et les environnements astrophysiques et atmosphériques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S059/document.
Full textThis thesis has been carried out in the team of astrophysics laboratory in the Molecular Physics Department of the Physics Institute of Rennes. In this work, a first part presents the application of the CRESU technique to aggregation of van der Waals clusters of water and propane. We experimentally observed water aggregation on a range of temperatures from 22.9 to 69.4 K, then modeled the early stages of aggregation building on the theoretical determination of rate coefficients. We also made the first measurements of propane dimer formation coefficient over a temperature range of 22.9 to 49.1 K. The second part of this work concerns the detection of the products reactions involving carbon atoms and various molecules (C2H4 , C2H6 , C4H8 and NH3) at room temperature. These studies were conducted at the synchrotron Adavanced Light Source of Berkeley . We also studied the kinetics and products formation of the reaction between carbon atoms and ammonia over a temperature range of 50-296 K. To do this we used the device CRESU of the molecular science institute of Bordeaux. This data was incremented in a dense interstellar cloud model to see their influence on the abundance of nitrogen hydrides. The work of this thesis contribute to better understanding the mechanisms of reactions leading to the formation and growth of molecules and van der Waals clusters in the gas phase in various physical conditions. They provide important data for modeling planetary atmospheres , interstellar clouds and combustion process
Lassoued, Abdessalem. "Caractérisation de catalyseurs solides par fluorescence induite par laser." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066447.
Full textGirard, Bertrand. "Etude de la collision réactive... par fluorescence induite par laser." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605457n.
Full textRebont, Cyril. "Etude d'une colonne de plasma magnétisé par fluorescence induite par laser." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2010AIX11056.pdf.
Full textThe experimental study of linear magnetized plasmas was previously performed using Langmuir probes, spectroscopy or more recently fast imaging. In this thesis, another diagnotic, time resolved Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) , was implemented in the linear magnetoplasma device MISTRAL. This diagnostic provides the instantaneous Argon ion velocity distribution function. The MISTRAL device creates a linear magnetized plasma limited by a 10 cm circular aperture. We observe, for different experimental conditions, a radial rotation of an extension of the plasma outside the area bounded by the diaphragm. This extension has the form of one or two spiral "arms". From the distribution functions, the temporal fluctuations of density, velocity and electric field are calculated. These innovative measurements show that the ion motion is more complex than the expected ExB drift. The plasma does not rotate in block as has often been assumed. One has to notice that differences exist between the two observed modes, specially on the rotation frequency as compared to cyclotronic frequency. This work opens the path to new exciting theorical analysis
Desgroux, Pascale. "Mesure de concentration d'espèces dans une flamme par fluorescence saturée induite par laser : une nouvelle approche." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES003.
Full textTawidian, Hagop. "Formation et comportement de nanoparticules dans un plasma: Instabilités dans les plasmas poudreux." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945174.
Full textNouadje, Georges. "Electrophorèse capillaire et détection colinéaire de fluorescence induite par laser." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30054.
Full textPezé, Pascale. "Étude et caractérisation par fluorescence induite par laser d'un jet pulsé d'oxygène atomique." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ESAE0021.
Full textPubill, Melsio Anna Maria. "Etude expérimentale d'un mélange combustible-comburant par fluorescence induite par laser : application à des flammes pré-mélangées et partiellement pré-mélangées." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECAP0972.
Full textThe use of "non-intrusive" diagnostics providing speed or concentration, temperature measurements such as the Rayleigh diffusion, absorption or PIV, for example, appear necessary in the fields of combustion and mechanics of the fluids. Within the framework of this thesis, we have used the laser induced fluorescence ("non-intrusive" method), which gives us access to measurements of concentration of species in fresh flows or in flames, under extreme conditions. We take a molecule likely to be fluorescent with a certain wavelength and we mix it with fuel. This molecule must be beforehand excited using a laser. It must have certain characteristics close to the fuel with which will be mixed and moreover, it must resist the different conditions of the experiments. A research enabled us to determine the molecules (tracers) likely to be appropriate for this kind of approach. The final selection includes the ketone acetone (C3H6O) and the naphthalene (C10H8) which belongs to PAHs (Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons). The continuation proceeds in two different parts. In the first part, a fundamental study with various pressures is carried out; the objective is to highlight the influence of the pressure on the signal of fluorescence (1 to 15 bar). This condition is interesting to use the tracer in environments under pressure, such as for example the engines. The second part is the application of this optical diagnostic in two different configurations. In the first application, which is emphasized, is the measurement of the distribution of fuel in a combustion chamber which did not have enough time to burn
Girard, Bertrand. "Etude de la collision réactive I2+F-F+I par fluorescence induite par laser." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010493.
Full textPAILLOUX, AGNES. "Fluorescence induite par laser sur des plasmas fortement magnetises, chauffes par resonance cyclotron ionique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13002.
Full textJamette, Pascal. "Imagerie de NO par fluorescence induite par laser dans un moteur à allumage commandé." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-273.pdf.
Full textHAFID, MOHAMMED. "Etude de la molecule bacl par spectrometrie par transformation de fourier et fluorescence induite par laser." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112348.
Full textAlchab, Lama. "Vers de nouvelles méthodes de diagnostic du cancer du sein par autofluorescence induite par laser." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112254.
Full textThe use of microscopic imaging techniques is now widespread in the field of biomedical research but the need to improve existing methods and to develop new techniques remains an ongoing issue. This Ph. D. Research was therefore developed in collaboration with cytologists and pathologists from the Institut Gustave Roussy in order to best meet their need to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of cancer breast. We implemented new protocols for clinical purposes using fluorescence as contrast factor. In this work, a new interpretation model of breast cytological examinations by fluorescence imaging was developed. This method of optical diagnosis, which generates no additional constraint in terms of preparation of clinical samples, improves the diagnosis of breast cytology for better care of patients. Based on these results, specifications have been established for the automation of cytological examination of clinical samples to eventually provide a new generation of automated cytological imagers, which can be used in clinical routine. The second part of this work focuses on the development of a new method for the diagnosis of breast tumors in vivo. It is based upon the excitation of Endogenous Fluorescence in vivo at 405 nm via a fiber-optics probe included in a disposable needle of small diameter (<1 mm). The needle is introduced into the suspect tissue by the physician who will follow its progress by ultrasound imaging guidance and get an in-depth characterization of the tissue fluorescence in real time. Probative results were obtained from 50 different tissue samples of 7 patients, and first measurements performed in vivo on small animals
BARANGER, Philippe. "Détection du kérosène par imagerie de fluorescence induite par laser, pour application sur foyer aéronautique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009189.
Full textGirard, Bertrand. "Etude de la collision reactive ii + f -> if + i par fluorescence induite par laser." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066398.
Full textHertl, Michael. "Etude des radicaux du silane dans un plasma de depot par fluorescence induite par laser." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112238.
Full textBaranger, Philippe. "Détection du kérozène par imagerie de fluorescence induite par laser, pour application sur foyer aéronautique." Paris 11, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009189.
Full textThe new concepts of aeronautical engines, developed to follow the evolution of the european standards of pollution, are generally based on an improvement of the processes of liquid fuel injection and mixture in the combustion chamber. There is currently no model mature enough to work without experimental validation. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the possibility of measuring the kerosene (jet a1) vapour distribution by plif (planar laser induced fluorescence). That measurement technique must quantitatively image the instantaneous concentrations fields of the vaporized fuel in a spray. The implementation of such a technique needs an experimental spectroscopic study, which was realized on the vapour of fuel. First of all, this study allowed us to determine the properties of the kerosene fluorescence spectrum versus physical parameters such as temperature, pressure or gas mixture composition, especially in presence of oxygen molecules. Then, it was shown that the fluorescence spectrum of the fuel could be reproduce in all physical conditions by a single mixture of four aromatics. Their photophysical properties were also analyzed. Following this spectroscopic study, a phenomenological model for the fluorescence of the gaseous fuel was set up. This model led us to a protocol for an optical diagnostic on this fuel vapour. An experiment was set up to test the implementation and the limits of this technique in simple laboratory conditions. This experiment confirmed that this is indeed a promising technique for the diagnostic of the fuel vapour in aeronautical engine