Journal articles: 'Fluorapatite from Djebel Onk'

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Tahri, T., S. Narsis, N. Bezzi, A. Grairia, K. M. Benghadab, and A. Benselhoub. "Environmental polluting effects of liquid wastes and phosphate sludge generated by the Djebel Onk mining complex." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 32, no. 1 (April 11, 2023): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112317.

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The production of phosphate concentrates is confronted with problems of treatment of wastes, of which the quantities are considerable. These wastes contain a large number of elements that are harmful to the environment. In this case, of phosphate wastes from Djebel Onk in the form of sludge that are the subject of our work, several trace elements have been recorded in limited levels. Indeed, elements such as lead and chromium have levels that exceed 60 and 300 ppm respectively. They far exceed the requirements of the mineral industry. The legislation, the severity of which varies from country to country, increasingly requires rigorous management and monitoring of these wastes in order to guarantee the protection of the environment from these toxic substances contained in the wastes. This work focuses on the management of phosphate wastes from Djebel Onk in liquid or sludge form. Current practices on their evacuation from neighbouring valleys to the operating site may harm the local environment. Moreover, the flow of this sludge which is increasingly thickened becomes more difficult. In this context, for environmental considerations and in order to define a concept linked to sustainable development, this study advocates a new approach in the recovery of phosphate wastes. It is based on the intrinsic properties of the present minerals determined by qualitative and quantitative analysis developed by different characterization techniques (XRD, XRF, IR, etc.). This makes it possible to define the chemical and mineralogical composition of liq- uid phosphate wastes which are rich in calcite (44.45 % in CaO) to those of phosphate elements (21 % in P2O5) and gangue minerals such as dolomite (7, 6 % in MgO), and quartz (5.8 % in SiO2). The microscopic observations carried out on these wastes showed the presence of the main minerals identified by XRD: fluorapatite, hydroxylapatite, carbonate, dolomite, calcite and quartz. The sought objective is to contribute to controlling these impurities to recover them from the water generated by the industrial installations for the exploitation of these materials with a view to their reuse in the laundries of the mining complex.

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Ryszko, Urszula, Piotr Rusek, and Dorota Kołodyńska. "Quality of Phosphate Rocks from Various Deposits Used in Wet Phosphoric Acid and P-Fertilizer Production." Materials 16, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020793.

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Phosphate rocks (PRs) play a crucial role in ensuring the availability of phosphorous for the world’s food needs. PRs are used to manufacture phosphoric acid in the wet process as well as P-fertilizers. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of PRs from Djebel Onk (Algeria), Khneifiss (Syria), Negev (Israel), Bou Craa (Morocco), and Khouribga (Morocco) are discussed in this study. PRs were characterized by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS), ion chromatography (IC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as gravimetric and potentiometric methods. All PRs were mainly composed of CaO, P2O5, SiO2, F, SO3, Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, SrO, and K2O at the level of wt.%. The P2O5 content accounted for 28.7–31.2%, which indicates that these are beneficial rocks to a marketable product. The degree of PR purity expressed by the minor elements ratio index (MER index) varied from 2.46% to 10.4%, and the CaO/P2O5 weight ratio from 1.6 to 1.9. In addition, the occurrence of trace elements such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, U, and Zn, as well as Cr(VI) and Cl ions at the level of mg∙kg−1 was found. Since PRs will be used to produce P-fertilizers, their composition was compared with the regulatory parameters set up by EU Regulation 2019/1009 related to the heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Hg, Cu, Zn) and Cr(VI) contents in inorganic fertilizers. The heavy metals and Cr(VI) content in all PRs did not exceed the limit values. XRD analysis revealed that fluorapatite, hydroxyapatite, carbonate fluorapatite, and carbonate hydroxyapatite were the dominant minerals. The accuracy and precision of the used methods were evaluated by analysis of standard reference materials (SRM) for Western Phosphate Rock (NIST 694). The recovery was 85.3% for U and 109% for K2O, and the RSD ranged from 0.67% to 12.8%.

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Boumaza, Bilal, Tatiana Vladimirovna Chekushina, Rabah Kechiched, Nouara Benabdeslam, Lemya Brahmi, Dmitry Evgenievich Kucher, and Nazih Yacer Rebouh. "Environmental Geochemistry of Potentially Toxic Metals in Phosphate Rocks, Products, and Their Wastes in the Algerian Phosphate Mining Area (Tébessa, NE Algeria)." Minerals 13, no. 7 (June 23, 2023): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13070853.

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This study is focused on the environmental geochemistry of potentially toxic metals (PTMs)-bearing products and wastes in a mining area in Djebel Onk (NE Algeria) and their potential ecological and health risk assessment. Representative samples from (i) commercial products and (ii) grain size classes of wastes were mineralogically characterized using X-ray diffraction. The major and PTMs elements in the samples were chemically analyzed via ICP-AES and ICP-MS, respectively. The results reveal that the samples were mostly composed of carbonate fluorapatite (P2O5 > 24 wt %) and yielded PTM concentrations within the average range of phosphorites in neighboring countries and worldwide deposits as well. The concentrations of V, Cd, As, Ni, and Pb in the products were found to be within the acceptable values according to various standards, such as the Canadian and German Fertilizer Ordinance policies. Geochemically, PTMs distribution is linked to the main sub-composition of phosphate rock (apatite, clay, and dolomite). The Enrichment Factors (EF) display very-high-to-extremely-high enrichment of PTMs (Cr, Zn, As, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Tl, Th, and U), while V, Co, Cu, Ni, Zr, Ga, Nb, and Pb show minor and moderate-to-high enrichments. Among all the PTMs, Cd, Tl, and U display a very high ecological risk (PERI) and contribute most to the total risk index (RI). The human health risk assessment of PTMs represented by the Hazard Index (HI) indicates that the non-carcinogenic risks are below the threshold values (HI < 1), while the HI values are higher for children than they are for adults. However, the cancer index (life time cancer risk) for Cr, Ni, As, and Cd for children and Cd for adults is greater than the acceptable threshold. These results are useful for phosphate beneficiation via removing these PTMs from the commercial product for efficient waste management.

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Salhi, Rachid, Djamel Nettour, Mohamed Chettibi, Cherif Gherbi, Aissa Benselhoub, and Stefano Bellucci. "Characterization of phosphate wastes of Djebel Onk mining complex for a sustainable environmental management." Technology audit and production reserves 3, no. 3(71) (May 15, 2023): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.278893.

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The objects of the research are phosphate ore rejections – industrial waste resulting from the treatment of phosphate ore by different processes (particle size separation, calcination, physicochemical process, electrostatically process, etc.). These discharges are generally stored in specially constructed sedimentation ponds. However, its storage for a long period leads to serious environmental problems because they contain heavy and radioactive metals that affect nearby communities. They contaminate groundwater and surface water through the infiltration of caustic solution laden with rare metals. To remedy these environmental disasters and manage these concerns, it is necessary to upgrade the discharges from the Djebel Onk complex and give an added value to the national economy. The start-up of the Djebel El Onk phosphate complex, in the province of Tebessa was in 1965, since that date, all the waste resulting from the beneficiation process has been dumped in the valley adjacent to the complex without any treatment or recycling, it should be noted that the Djebel Onk phosphate complex generates huge quantities of phosphate sludge (more than 4000 tons per day). This waste is relatively rich in useful substance. The results of chemical analyzes reveal that these sludge’s contain around 20.2 % of phosphate (P2O5) with the presence of different heavy metals such as Uranium, Cadmium, Zinc, Copper, and Arsenic etc. Those metals threaten life of local residents and affects vegetation, livestock in nearby populated areas. However, this work systematically reviews the mineralogical and chemical characterization of the phosphate sludge rejected by the Djebel Onk treatment complex to develop a suitable method for their revaluation. In our work, in this viable environmental perspective, we try to highlight the use of wastes as an alternative raw material in building materials. The impact of heavy metals on the environment and health is determined by the chemical species, concentration, bioavailability and transport through food chains, unless they are released into nature due to the consequences harm they create. Certain elements, such as mercury, lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, etc., have no function in maintaining body balance and are immediately dangerous.

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Tahri, T., N. Bezzi, A. Bouzenzana, K. M. Benghadab, and A. Benselhoub. "Use of natural phosphate wastes in the manufacture of construction bricks." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 5 (October 30, 2022): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-5/039.

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Purpose. Valorization of phosphate waste and diversification of the range of bricks by improving their mechanical properties. In this context, our work focused on the use of phosphate wastes from Djebel Onk (Tebessa) combined with clays from the Sidi Aich region (Bejaia) to manufacture a new variety of brick. The principle consists in varying the percentage of these wastes and the firing temperature. Methodology. After mechanical preparation in the laboratory, which consists of crushing, grinding and sieving operations, the two materials of phosphate and clays are characterized by several analysis techniques (XRD, IR and XRF). The brick manufacturing tests from these two materials were carried out for different weight percentages and for different firing temperatures. Findings. The combination of these two materials constitutes a new approach to the recovery of natural phosphates, which has a very high waste rate. Tests of making bricks from these two materials have yielded promising results. From a mechanical point of view, the best flexural strengths obtained at a temperature of 900 C vary from 3 to 5 MPa depending on the type of phosphate/clay mixture. The same goes for the compressive strength, which varies from 15 to 27 MPa depending on the type of mixture as well. These results conform to ASTM-C674, 1999 construction standards. Originality. The use of natural phosphate wastes from Djebel Onk in various proportions has resulted in a quality of brick that meets the international standards. Practical value. The mechanical properties of the brick made from these two materials, such as resistance to bending and compression constitutes a real significant recovery for the phosphate wastes from Djebel Onk.

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Nettour, D., M. Chettibi, G. Bulut, and A. Benselhoub. "Beneficiation of phosphate sludge rejected from Djebel Onk plant (Algeria)." Mining of Mineral Deposits 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining13.04.084.

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Tahri, Tourkia, Souad Narsis, Zahia Chafi Souici, Nacer Bezzi, Omar Sekiou, Theziri Amrane, Aissa Benselhoub, and Stefano Bellucci. "MINERALOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOSPHATES FROM THE DJEBEL ONK DEPOSITS." Geologica Macedonica 37, no. 2 (2023): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.46763/geol23372099t.

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BOUMAZA, Bilal, and Tatyana Vladimirovna CHEKUSHINA. "Assessment of metallic trace elements contamination in a mining area of the processing of Djebel Onk phosphate ore (Algeria)." NEWS of the Ural State Mining University 1 (March 15, 2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2021-1-7-16.

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Research relevance. Phosphate mining activities are one of the main sources of contamination by heavy metals since they harmfully affect the soil and lead to the degradation of the ecosphere. Research aim. This study aims at characterizing and evaluating the metallic contamination of soils in the vicinity of the Djebel Onk mine in the town of Bir El Ater (Wilaya of Tébessa) in eastern Algeria, and particularly focusing on estimating the spatial variability of this contamination and the extent of the contaminated area. Methodology. The physicochemical characteristic (pH) was determined by pH-meter, whereas AAS was used for the determination of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd) in the examined soil Research results. The results reveal that soils that are close to the mine site studied and even those that are far away are heavily contaminated with heavy metals — lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd); the results also point out to a high variability of concentrations not only between sampling sites but also within the same mine site. The analysed soil pollution index is generally high even for soils sampled downstream more than 30 km from the mine site, whereas it is extremely high on the surface of the tailings slopes, underlining the fact that tailings are considered perennial sources of heavy metal contamination in their current state. Conclusion. The unhealthy area affected by metal pollution from mining sites in the Djebel Onk is very large as a result of the dispersion, by wind and water transport, of residual pollutants from the mine wastes abandoned on site. Remediation measures must be put into place to immobilize the pollutants and limit their spread to the environment Keywords: Soil contamination, Algeria, heavy metals, phosphate mine, pollution index.

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Zeghina, S. I., M. Bounouala, M. Chettibi, and A. Benselhoub. "Development of new composite cement based on waste rocks from Djebel Onk phosphate deposit (Tebessa-Algeria)." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 2 (2020): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2020-2/107.

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Merchichi, Amira, Malek Ould Hamou, Mostafa Benzaazoua, Farid Aghilasse Mansour, Nabil Babahoum, and Hakim Rabia. "Phosphate Amendments for the Inhibition of Acid Mine Drainage Generated from Sidi Kamber Tailings Facility." ENP Engineering Science Journal 2, no. 1 (July 29, 2022): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53907/enpesj.v2i1.67.

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The aims of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of phosphates product and by-products from the Djebel Onk mine for the control of acidic mine drainage generated by exposure of Sidi Kamber mine tailings to climatic conditions. Kinetic tests in humidity cells were carried out according to the modified ASTM standard, was used to invistigate the geochemical behaviour of the Sidi Kamber tailings mixed with phosphate materials (phosphatic limestone wastes, raw low grade phosphate ore and phosphate mine tailings) after being characterized. All amendment compositions led to an increase of the pH of the leachate from approximately 3 to circum-neutral values. Humidity cells experiments indicated that the materials were adequate to immobilize Pb, Zn, Cu and Fe by about 99% and prevent their release through the tailings. The tests have also shown that the metals concentrations within the leachate are lower than the limits allowed by Algerian legislation for industrial liquid effluents. Among the tested material amendments, PLW was more effective than other products in immobilizing metals. The results are most probably related to their Ca-carbonate content and/or adsorption capacity.

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Rabia, Hakim, Malek Ould Hamou, Katarzyna Kasperkiewicz, Tomasz Krzykawski, Monika Malicka, Izabela Potocka, Iryna Bodnaruk, Amira Merchichi, Magdalena Skowronek, and Maria Augustyniak. "Native Bacteria Isolated from Phosphate Deposits Reveal Efficient Metal Biosorption and Adhesion to Ore Particles." Minerals 13, no. 3 (March 10, 2023): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13030388.

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Mining and processing phosphate ore are among the essential branches of the economy in some developing countries, including Algeria. Conventional ore beneficiation methods can harm the environment by consuming tremendous amounts of water resources (during washing and flotation), potentially hazardous chemicals, and thermal energy. Mine water contains toxic metals that, when released, interfere with environmental functioning. Therefore, in line with environmental needs, conventional methods should be gradually replaced with safe biotechnological processes. This study aimed to investigate the biosorption and adhesion abilities of native microorganisms isolated from Djebel Onk ore (Algeria). The examined bacterial strains differed in their metal accumulation efficiency. The incubation of phosphate ore with the native strain Bacillus HK4 significantly increased the recovery of Mg and Cd (at pH 7, 8147.00 and 100.89 µg/g−1, respectively). The HK4 strain also revealed better adhesion to the ore particles than the reference strain of Bacillus subtilis. Thus, biosorption could be more effective when using the native HK4 strain, which can remove Cd and/or Mg over a pH 4–10 range. Moreover, concerning the unique adhesion capacity of HK4, the strain can be considered in the design of bioflotation methods, as well as in the development of an eco-friendly method of ore and post-flotation waste beneficiation.

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Moreira, Adônis, Nand Kumar Fageria, Gilberto Batista de Souza, and Alfredo Ribeiro de Freitas. "Production, nutritional status and chemical properties of soils with addition of cattle manure, reactive natural phosphate and biotite schist in Massai cultivar." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, no. 9 (September 2010): 1883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982010000900004.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of cattle manure, reactive natural phosphate and biotite schist on the soil fertility, yield and nutritional status of Megathyrsus spp. cv. Massai. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, in a dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol (Oxisol). It was used a randomized block experimental design with the following treatments: three natural reactive rock phosphate from Algeria (Djebel-Onk) doses (0, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 of P2O5), three biotite schist doses (0, 150 and 300 kg ha-1 of K2O) and three cattle manure doses (0, 20 and 40 t ha-1). The application of natural phosphate increased dry matter yield, however, application of cattle manure and biotite schist did not influence this variable. Foliar levels of nitrogen, potassium and magnesium (cattle manure), phosphorous and boron (natural rock phosphate) and potassium (biotite schist) were influenced by the applied fertilizer doses. Only the levels of phosphorous in the soil and in the plant and levels of magnesium and boron in the plant show interaction with dry matter yield of Massai cultivar.

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Valadares, Samuel Vasconcelos, Júlio César Lima Neves, Roberto Ferreira Novais, Gustavo Nogueira Guedes Pereira Rosa, Hermínia Emília Prieto Martinez, and Víctor Hugo Alvarez V. "Yield gains of coffee plants from phosphorus fertilization may not be generalized for high density planting." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 38, no. 3 (June 2014): 905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832014000300022.

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Inconclusive responses of the adult coffee plant to phosphorus fertilization have been reported in the literature, especially when dealing with application of this nutrient in high density planting systems. Thus, this study was carried out for the purpose of assessing the response of adult coffee plants at high planting density in full production (in regard to yield and their biennial cycle/stability) to the addition of different sources and application rates of P in the Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experiment with coffee plants of the Catucaí Amarelo 6/30 variety was carried out over four growing seasons. Treatments were arranged in a full factorial design [(4 × 3) + 1] consisting of four P sources (monoammonium phosphate, simple superphosphate, natural reactive rock phosphate from Algeria (Djebel-Onk), and FH 550®), three P rates (100, 200, and 400 kg ha-1 year-1 of P2O5), and an additional treatment without application of the nutrient (0 kg ha-¹ year-¹). A randomized block experimental design was used with three replicates. The four seasons were evaluated as subplots in a split plot experiment. The P contents in soil and leaves increased with increased rates of P application. However, there was no effect from P application on the yield and its biennial cycle/stability regardless of the source used over the four seasons assessed.

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Boumaza, Bilal, Rabah Kechiched, and Tatiana Vladimirovna Chekushina. "Trace metal elements in phosphate rock wastes from the Djebel Onk mining area (Tébessa, eastern Algeria): A geochemical study and environmental implications." Applied Geochemistry 127 (April 2021): 104910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2021.104910.

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Merchichi, Amira, Malek Ould Hamou, Mohamed Edahbi, Ema Bobocioiu, Carmen M. Neculita, and Mostafa Benzaazoua. "Passive treatment of acid mine drainage from the Sidi-Kamber mine wastes (Mediterranean coastline, Algeria) using neighbouring phosphate material from the Djebel Onk mine." Science of The Total Environment 807 (February 2022): 151002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151002.

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Merzeg, F. Ait, N. Bezzi, N. Bouzidi, S. Narsis, N. Bait, R. Ladji, and K. Bachari. "Reverse flotation process in double stage on the Algerian phosphate ore treatment." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2023-1/061.

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Purpose. In this work, the influence of flotation reagents on the separation yield of the phosphate-carbonate system is studied. The investigation is conducted by the reverse flotation process in double stage of the phosphate ores from the Jebel Onk deposit-Algeria. Methodology. The experimental part can be divided into three aspects, a mechanical preparation of the samples, and flotation tests in the first stage followed by a double flotation and, finally, characterization of the flotation products by different physical-chemical analysis techniques. Findings. Reverse flotation double stage process was applied on two classes of phosphate ores (C1: 40–250 and C2: 250–500 m). The samples are constituted by phosphatic elements (apatite), cemented by a mixture of a great amount of dolomite with low amounts of quartz, clay and calcite. Flotation results showed that P2O5 recovery was higher for C2 compared to C1. Thus, oleic acid and double tartrate of sodium-potassium could be considered as the best reagent since the P2O5 recovery content corresponds to 29.27 and 31.25 % for C1 and C2, respectively. Compared to the oleic acid and pine oil reagent, the recoveries of P2O5 were 28.85 and 30.55 % for C1 and C2, respectively. However, when other reagents as (oleic acid  phosphoric acid) and (oleic acid + diesel fuel) were used, the recovered amount of P2O5 was found to be less important, 27.80 and 27.10 % for class C1, and 30.14 and 29.15 % for C2, respectively. Originality. During this study two main axes were discussed: the first one was the influence of flotation reagents on flotation of the first and second stages, the second one was to study the effect of grain size on the flotation yields. The flotation process has been shown to be effective both in terms of depressed phosphate elements in the phosphate concentrates and in gangue floated in the flotation tailings. It can be seen that the concentrate contents of around 32 % is achieved in P2O5 with superior recoveries of 99 %. Practical value. The results of analyses carried out on the flotation products showed, in most cases, that the streams are richer in phosphate elements (fluorapatite, carbonate hydroxylapatite, carbonate fluorapatite) and a low amount of carbonates (dolomite and calcite), unlike floating, mainly made up of dolomite with a small amount of phosphated elements.

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Hamel, Abdellah, Karima Morakchi, Kamel Guerfi, Achour Louhi, and Rochdi Kherrat. "Characterisation of platinum electrode modified with phosphate rock for Cd2+ ions detection." Journal of Renewable Energies 12, no. 1 (October 26, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.54966/jreen.v12i1.120.

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In the present paper we report the characterization of platinum electrode modified with a polymeric membrane. The use of natural minerals such as phosphate rock (PR) from the mine of Djebel Onk (Algeria) was investigated as ionophore for Cd2+ ions detection. The impedance data were adjusted from 100 mHz to 100 kHz and at polarisation - 200 mV. The maximum exchange was obtained between pH 4 and 6. Low detection limit is about 10-5 M.

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Augustyniak, Maria, Hakim Rabia, Malek Ould Hamou, Katarzyna Kasperkiewicz, Tomasz Krzykawski, Monika Malicka, Iryna Bodnaruk, Amira Merchichi, and Magdalena Skowronek. "Native Bacteria Isolated from Djebel Onk Deposits (Algeria) Reveal Efficient Metal Biosorption Properties." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4081964.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fluorapatite from Djebel Onk'

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