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Academic literature on the topic 'Fluor – Propriétés électroniques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fluor – Propriétés électroniques"
Bonnefoy, Clémence. "Développement d'un nouveau réactif en chimie du fluor : le 2,4-dinitrotrifluorométhoxybenzène." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10177.
Full textIn recent decades, fluorine chemistry has gained significant momentum and has become a key element in various fields such as material science, medicinal chemistry and agricultural chemistry. In this context, the research for new fluorinated groups and the development of efficient synthesis routes is a topic of constant interest in the scientific community. The synthesis of molecules bearing a trifluoromethoxy function is of strong interest due to the moieties highly interesting electronic and physicochemical properties. The CF3O moiety can, amongst other things, contribute to an increased metabolic stability and lipophilicity of the molecules carrying it. The ability to add this function to complex molecules would be an important tool in modulating molecular properties in "late stage” development, especially through a direct approach. In 2010, our group used 2,4-dinitrotrifluoromethoxybenzene (DNTFB) as an easy-to-use and inexpensive reagent for trifluoromethoxylation. However, the methods limited applicability to very few substrates deserved a more in-depth study. Especially as DNTFB could also be used as a precursor to access new fluorinated groups via difluorophosgene. This study describes the development of a novel fluorinated reagent derived of DNTFB as well as a comprehensive study of the stability and degradation of this novel reagent. The use of the aforementioned reagent for trifluoromethoxylation has also been described. Additionally, this study describes the reagents degradation into difluorophosgene, and its use to access other fluorinated groups such as carbamoyl fluorides and acid fluorides. The stability and reactivity of these compounds are also examined in the study
Wolfs, Mélanie. "Polymères hydrocarbonés superhydrophobes élaborés par polymérisation électrochimique : une alternative à la chimie du fluor ?" Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4132.
Full textControlling wettability of a solid surface is important in many practical applications. This property, resulting from the combination a low surface energy material with a surface structuration, is commonly expressed by the contact angle of a water droplet on the surface. Surfaces with a water contact angle (θwater) larger than 150° are usually called superhydrophobic surfaces. Such surfaces are very interesting because of their expected self-cleaning or anti-contamination properties, which could be applied in various applications such as in biomedical devices, paint or in aeronautics for example. Among all the techniques to prepare superhydrophobic surfaces, electrochemical polymerization is a fast and versatile technique. In current literature on this field, the general approach is the use of highly fluorinated tails to reach the water-repellency. However, as observed in nature, fluorine is not necessary and can present environmental impacts. In this work, we focused on the synthesis of original monomers with hydrocarbon chain as hydrophobic part in order to find alternative to fluorine chemistry to prepare electropolymerized superhydrophobic surfaces. We succeeded to reach high water repellency (θwater > 150°) with hydrocarbon conducting polymers and we determined the influence of chemical and physical parts onto the water contact angle. We also found similar dewetting properties than the fluorinated series meaning the hydrocarbon conducting polymers could be a real alternative to fluorine chemistry
Bechara, Keyrouz Mireille. "Étude des matériaux isolants d'encapsulation pour la montée en température des modules de puissance haute tension." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3552/.
Full textThis thesis presents a selection and characterization of electrically insulating materials able to assure the encapsulation for high voltage components and modules operating at high junction temperatures. This work makes a survey of the solid insulating materials that are commercially available. The initial review outlines that a compromise needs to be achieved between the material physical limits at high temperature and its hardness. So a first objective of the present study is to identify and characterize a flexible material for volume encapsulation of high voltage devices with a minimum operating temperature of 250°C. A second objective is to identify and characterize another material for surface encapsulation suitable for lower voltage appliqtions (<1,2 kV) with a higher operating temperature between 300 and 350°C. Two silicone-based elastomers with SiO2 dispersed particules, and a semi-crystalline polymer (fluorinated parylene, PA-F), are both retained for this study. The analysis of the high temperature dielectric properties, are performed for the first time on these materials. A correlation between the electrical properties and the physico-chemical and structural evolution of these materials is realized. For the study on silicone-based e1astomers with SiO2 dispersed particules, the thermal characterizations allow to determine their temperature working range from -60°C to 250°C in air. The dielectric properties have a similar behavior for both elastomers and the various phase transitions at low temperatures are identified (-150°C to 25°C). At high temperatures (25°C to 300°C) and at low frequencies, a relaxation around 120°C appears, that is related to the absorption of humidity, thus sensitive to the preconditioning of the material. It was possible to evacuate the absorbed water through a suitable annealing at temperatures above 120°C. The DC conductivity at 300°C is in the range of 10-13 omega-1. Cm-1. These low values show the interest of these silicone-based elastomers for electrical insulation at high temperatures. As regards to the PA-F, the thermal characterizations confirm that this material is stable for temperatures up to 350 °C in air. The electrical measurements allow to determine the values of DC conductivity up to 350 °C. The DC conductivity value is lower than 10-12 omega-1 cm-1, meaning that PA-F is an insulating material even at such high temperatures. Moreover the PA-F exhibits dielectric breakdown strength between 2 and 4 MV. Cm-1 up to 350°C Besides, when increasing the film thickness up to 50 um, the PA-F shows an improvement of the dielectric properties at low fields. This effect is attributed to an increase of the volume fraction of the crystalline phase driven by the film thickness. The decreases in the DC conductivity as well as an increase in the die1ectric breakdown strength are correlated to the crystallization kinetics during a high temperature annealing. This phenomenon appears beneficial for the electrical insulation properties. So the PA-F exhibits exceptional initial dielectric properties up to 350°C, offering a possible solution for surface encapsulation. Further works should confirm this with a long term properties stability study at high temperature
Khazaka, Rabih. "Étude du vieillissement de polymères isolants utilisés dans le packaging des modules de puissance haute température." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1454/.
Full textThe trend for integration and/or high ambient temperature operation of power electronics modules induces higher electrical and thermal stresses on their components. Based on a bibliographic study that allows evaluating different structures of packaging able to operate at high temperatures, thin dielectric layers are needed in order to insulate the different parts of the module. Therefore, the aim of this work was to define the potentiality of two dielectric polymers to operate at high temperatures (the first one is a polyimide BPDA-PDA and the second one is a fluorinated parylene PA-HT), and to be used as passivation layer for silicon carbide semiconductors or as dielectric layer between and on the metal frames. In order to reach the objective, characterizations of the dielectric properties up to 400 °C at the initial time (noted as t0) were performed. Then, the properties evolution (especially electrical ones) during the thermo-oxidative aging for temperature higher than 250 °C and long periods (several thousands of hours) were controlled periodically. At t0, the films show a good dielectric strength and the breakdown field remain higher than 2 MV/cm for the thicker tested films (8 µm). The DC conductivity show semi-resistive values for the BPDA-PDA between 300 °C and 400 °C and the values vary between resistive and semi-resistive ones for the PA-HT in the same temperature range. During the aging under N2, no degradation is observed up to 360 °C for BPDA-PDA polyimide. At 300 °C in air, stability of the breakdown voltage is observed when the BPDA-PDA is aged on Si substrate, while a slow degradation depending on the initial thicknesses is observed for films deposited on stainless steel substrate (S. S. ). This degradation, related to the oxygen presence in air, affect the surface layer and is thermally activated. The degradation appears also for BPDA-PDA on Si substrate at 360 °C in air. The PA-HT films were deposited on S. S. Substrates and aged in air at 300 °C, 340 °C and 360 °C. Results show the potentiality of the material for 300 °C application, with the occurring of cold crystallization that improves the low field dielectric properties. For the higher tested temperatures, thin films (5 µm) seem to be unsuitable for long periods applications and cannot pass 1000 hours at 360 °C. Hence, based on the initial dielectric properties and their evolution during the aging, the two polymers seems to be suitable for 300 °C applications. However, for higher temperatures (360 °C), the stability in air of the two materials, especially on the S. S. Substrate is not insured. Otherwise, solutions against the thermo-oxydative aging seem promising, and thermal treatments allowing the improvement of the electrical resistivity at the initial time are proposed
Sicard, Lambert. "Assemblages linéaires et cycliques d’unités fluorènes pour l’électronique organique : relations structure-propriétés." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S066/document.
Full textOligophenylenes constitute a major class of molecules in the design of organic semiconductors for optoelectronics applications. This work involves the synthesis and in-depth study of linear and cyclic derivatives of fluorene (a biphenyl rigidified by a methylene bridge), an essential building block in organic electronics. We focus our attention on the structure-property relationships of these π-conjugated systems. In a first part, within the framework of host materials for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs), we present a regioisomerism study of phenyl-fluorenes and phenyl-spirobifluorenes. Its results enabled the preparation of four pure hydrocarbon host materials, spirobifluorene dimers, used in high-performance blue PhOLEDs. In a second part, we take interest in the emerging field of molecular nanorings, cyclic objects presenting a singular nature of π-conjugation. After a bibliographical review covering cycloparaphenylenes and their properties, we present our studies regarding several examples of their bridged analogues: cycloparafluorenes