Journal articles: 'Fluidity of profile'

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Wang, Dao Hong, Bing Yan Jiang, Chun Peng Chu, and Yi Shan Deng. "Effects of Geometric Characteristics on Flow Ratio of the Melt and Modifying the Checking Formula." Advanced Materials Research 102-104 (March 2010): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.102-104.465.

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The melt fluidity of the two typical plastic, including polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene(PE), are studied in the different mold with the different characteristics of channel cross section and channel profile for the fluidity test of the melt. The relationship among the flow ratio, characteristics of channel cross section and channel profile are analyzed. The modified law of the flow ratio was proposed on the basis of the experiment, and discussed in detail. The results are better based on the experiment analysis, and the checking formula of the melt flow ratio could be used to check the designed mold in production.

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Ghosh, Subhajit, Anindita Mondal, Ruma Basu, Sukhen Das, and Papiya Nandy. "Effect of Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on Liposomal Fluidity Profile." Advanced Science Focus 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asfo.2014.1085.

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Górny, Marcin. "Fluidity and Temperature Profile of Ductile Iron in Thin Sections." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 19, no. 8 (August 2012): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(12)60139-3.

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Wilkes, J. M., H. J. Ballard, D. T. Dryden, and B. H. Hirst. "Proton permeability and lipid dynamics of gastric and duodenal apical membrane vesicles." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 256, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): G553—G562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1989.256.3.g553.

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The passive proton permeability (Pnet) of apical membrane vesicles from rabbit parietal cells (gastric) and duodenal and renal cortical brush-border membranes (BBM) was determined by acridine orange fluorescence quenching. Values of Pnet were found to be gastric (4 x 10(-4) cm/s) less than duodenal (10(-3) cm/s) much less than renal (10(-2) cm/s). Arrhenius plots of the temperature profile of proton permeation of gastric vesicles was linear, whereas that of duodenal BBM displayed a discontinuity at 30-33 degrees C. Alcohols (octyl, benzyl, ethyl) increased Pnet in a concentration-dependent manner, with efficacy related to their oil-water partition coefficients. In a parallel series of experiments, structural parameters of the vesicle membrane lipids (fluidity) were monitored from both the steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy of diphenylhexatriene. Fluidity of the membranes was unrelated to Pnet (renal congruent to duodenal less than gastric). Gastric vesicles demonstrated a linear Arrhenius plot of temperature dependence for fluidity, whereas duodenal BBM demonstrated a discontinuity. Membrane fluidity of gastric and duodenal vesicles was increased by alcohols, with the same potency as for Pnet, and these two variables were significantly correlated after perturbation with alcohols. Thus the fluidity of the lipid bilayer is not the major determinant of Pnet, but alteration of its structural parameters, as reflected by fluidity, produces parallel changes in Pnet.

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Joël, Ngoumen Ngassa Dany, Ngondi Judith Laure, and Oben Julius Enyong. "Effect of Autranellacongolensis on Lipid Profile of Rats’ Brain with Experimentally Induced Alzheimer’s Disease." Journal of Food Research 9, no. 4 (July 15, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v9n4p60.

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Lipids are essentials components of the brain. Changes in brain lipid composition affect the physical and functional properties of the neuronal cell membrane and have been implicated in the physiopathology of Alzheimer disease (AD). We evaluated in this study the effect of hydroethanolicbark extract of A. Congolensis on lipid profile of rats’ brain with experimentally induced AD. The experimental model consisted of female rats, which received orally for 8 consecutive weeks a single dose of 50 mg/Kg b.w./day of aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) (except control group) followed by distilled water (disease control group) or doses of the extract (150 or 300 mg/Kg b.w./day) or vitamin E (100 mg/Kg b.w./day) or galanthamine (2 mg/Kg b.w. /day). Brain cholesterol, phospholipids and plasmalogenlevels and fluidity were evaluated. Brain membranes ATPase activities, Ca2+, Mg2+and glucose levels were also assayed. Significant modifications of brain lipid composition and fluidity were observed in disease control group compared with control. In addition, Na+, K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities significantly decreased, the level of intracellular Ca2+ increased, Mg2+ content decreased and brain glucose level was significantly higher. Standard drugs (vitamin E,galanthamine) showed a negative effect on brain lipid profile. The extract of 150 mg showed significant improvements of brain lipid profile and fluidity. It also indicated improved brain ATPase activities, ions and glucose brain homeostasis. The extract (150 mg/Kg b.w. dose) by maintaining the brain lipid composition may protect neuronal cell membraneand probably preventing the progression of AD.

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Seel, Waldemar, Alexander Flegler, Marija Zunabovic-Pichler, and André Lipski. "Increased Isoprenoid Quinone Concentration Modulates Membrane Fluidity inListeria monocytogenesat Low Growth Temperatures." Journal of Bacteriology 200, no. 13 (April 16, 2018): e00148-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00148-18.

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ABSTRACTListeria monocytogenesis a food pathogen capable of growing at a broad temperature range from 50°C to refrigerator temperatures. A key requirement for bacterial activity and growth at low temperatures is the ability to adjust the membrane lipid composition to maintain cytoplasmic membrane fluidity. In this study, we confirmed earlier findings that the extents of fatty acid profile adaptation differed betweenL. monocytogenesstrains. We were able to demonstrate for isolates from food that growth rates at low temperatures and resistance to freeze-thaw stress were not impaired by a lower adaptive response of the fatty acid composition. This indicated the presence of a second adaptation mechanism besides temperature-regulated fatty acid synthesis. For strains that showed weaker adaptive responses in their fatty acid profiles to low growth temperature, we could demonstrate a significantly higher concentration of isoprenoid quinones. Three strains even showed a higher quinone concentration after growth at 6°C than at 37°C, which is contradictory to the reduced respiratory activity at lower growth temperatures. Analyses of the membrane fluidityin vivoby measuring generalized polarization and anisotropy revealed modulation of the transition phase. Strains with increased quinone concentrations showed an expanded membrane transition phase in contrast to strains with pronounced adaptations of fatty acid profiles. The correlation between quinone concentration and membrane transition phase expansion was confirmed by suppression of quinone synthesis. A reduced quinone concentration resulted in a narrower transition phase. Expansion of the phase transition zone by increasing the concentration of non-fatty acid membrane lipids is discussed as an additional mechanism improving adaptation to temperature shifts forL. monocytogenesstrains.IMPORTANCEListeria monocytogenesis a foodborne pathogen with an outstanding temperature range for growth. The ability for growth at temperatures close to the freezing point constitutes a serious contamination potential for cold stored food. The only known mechanism of the species for adaptation of membrane fluidity is modification of the membrane fatty acid composition. We were able to demonstrate that, at least for some strains, this adaptation mechanism is supported by regulation of the menaquinone concentration. The increase of this neutral membrane lipid is correlated with fluidization of the membrane under low-temperature conditions and therefore represents a fatty acid-independent mechanism for adaptation to low temperatures.

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TSUDA, KAZUSHI, SEIKO TSUDA, YOHSUKE MINATOGAWA, HIDEO IWAHASHI, HIROKI SHIMA, HIROYUKI YOSHIKAWA, MASAKO URA, et al. "Membrane fluidity of erythrocytes and its relevance to renin profile in essential hypertension." Japanese Circulation Journal 52, no. 11 (1988): 1301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/jcj.52.1301.

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Kolbeck, Sandra, Hermine Kienberger, Karin Kleigrewe, Maik Hilgarth, and Rudi F. Vogel. "Effect of high levels of CO2 and O2 on membrane fatty acid profile and membrane physiology of meat spoilage bacteria." European Food Research and Technology 247, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 999–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-020-03681-y.

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AbstractThe membrane is the major protective barrier separating the cell from the environment and is thus important for bacteria to survive environmental stress. This study investigates changes in membrane lipid compositions and membrane physiology of meat spoiling bacteria in response to high CO2 (30%) and O2 (70%) concentrations, as commonly used for modified atmosphere packaging of meat. Therefore, the fatty acid profile as well as membrane fluidity, permeability and cell surface were determined and correlated to the genomic settings of five meat spoiling bacteria Brochothrix (B.) thermosphacta, Carnobacterium (C.) divergens, C. maltaromaticum, Leuconostoc (L.) gelidum subsp. gelidum and L. gelidum subsp. gasicomitatum cultivated under different gas atmospheres. We identified different genomic potentials for fatty acid adaptations, which were in accordance with actual measured changes in the fatty acid composition for each species in response to CO2 and/or O2, e.g., an increase in saturated, iso and cyclopropane fatty acids. Even though fatty acid changes were species-specific, the general physiological responses were similar, comprising a decreased membrane permeability and fluidity. Thus, we concluded that meat spoiling bacteria facilitate a change in membrane fatty acids upon exposure to O2 and CO2, what leads to alteration of membrane fluidity and permeability. The observed adaptations might contribute to the resistance of meat spoilers against detrimental effects of the gases O2 and CO2 and thus help to explain their ability to grow under different modified atmospheres. Furthermore, this study provides fundamental knowledge regarding the impact of fatty acid changes on important membrane properties of bacteria.

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Dabadie, Henry, Claude Motta, Evelyne Peuchant, Pascale LeRuyet, and François Mendy. "Variations in daily intakes of myristic and α-linolenic acids in sn-2 position modify lipid profile and red blood cell membrane fluidity." British Journal of Nutrition 96, no. 2 (August 2006): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20061813.

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The present study evaluated the effects of moderate intakes of myristic acid (MA), at 1·2% and 1·8% of total energy (TE), associated with a 0·9% TE intake of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on lipid and fatty acid profiles and red blood cell membrane fluidity. Twenty-nine monks without dyslipidaemia were enrolled in a 1-year nutritional study in which two experimental diets were tested for 3 months each: diet 1, MA 1·2% and ALA 0·9%; diet 2, MA 1·8% and ALA 0·9%. A control diet (MA 1·2%, ALA 0·4%) was given 3 months before diets 1 and 2. Thus, two different levels of MA (1·2%, 1·8%) and ALA (0·4%, 0·9%) were tested. Intakes of other fatty acids were at recommended levels. Samples were obtained on completion of all three diets. For fluidity analysis, the red blood cells were labelled with 16-doxylstearate and the probe incorporated the membrane where relaxation-correlation time was calculated. Diet 1 was associated with a decrease in total cholesterol, in LDL-cholesterol, in triacylglycerols and in the ratio of total to HDL-cholesterol; ALA and EPA levels were increased in both phospholipids and cholesterol esters. Diet 2 was associated with a decrease in triacylglycerols and in the ratios of total to HDL-cholesterol and of triacylglycerols to HDL-cholesterol, and with an increase in HDL-cholesterol; EPA levels were decreased in phospholipids and cholesterol esters. Red blood cell membrane fluidity was increased in both diets (P<0·0001), but the higher increase was obtained with diet 1, mainly in the oldest subjects. Intakes of myristic acid (1·2%TE) and ALA (0·9%TE), both mainly in the sn-2 position, were associated with favourable lipid and n−3 long-chain fatty acid profiles. These beneficial effects coexisted with particularly high membrane fluidity, especially among the oldest subjects.

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Abu-Salah, K. M., A. A. Alothman, and K. Y. Lei. "Lipid composition and fluidity of the erythrocyte membrane in copper-deficient rats." British Journal of Nutrition 68, no. 2 (September 1992): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19920101.

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The influence of dietary copper on lipid composition, phospholipid-fatty acid and protein profiles and fluidity of the erythrocyte membranes of rats is reported. In general Cu deficiency in rats induced some changes in the phospholipid-fatty acid profile of erythrocyte membranes when compared with Cu-adequate animals. Stearic (18:0) and docosadienoic (22:2n-3) acids contents, for example, were significantly increased (P< 0.001) while oleic (18:1n-9) and linolenic (18:3n-3) acid contents were significantly depressed (P< 0.001) as a result of Cu deficiency. Moreover the cholesterol:phospholipids molar ratio and the cholesterol (mol):membrane proteins (mg) ratio in Cu-deficient rats were, to different degrees, significantly lower than in animals fed on Cu-adequate diets. In addition, diets deficient in Cu led to a reduction in erythrocyte membrane fluidity (P< 0.001) as assessed by the intramolecular excimer fluorescence of 1,3-di(1-pyrenyI) propane. However, no significant alteration in the phospholipid:protein ratio was observed as a result of differences in dietary treatment. The pattern of erythrocyte membrane proteins obtained with sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electro-phoresis did not seem to be influenced by Cu-deficient diets.

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Becatti, Matteo, Rossella Marcucci, Amanda Mannucci, Anna Gori, Betti Giusti, Francesco Sofi, Lucia Mannini, et al. "Erythrocyte Membrane Fluidity Alterations in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Patients: The Role of Oxidative Stress." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 117, no. 12 (2017): 2334–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th17-05-0356.

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Introduction Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) involves an acute unexplained hearing loss, nearly always unilateral, that occurs over less than a 72-hour period. SSNHL pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Cochlear vascular occlusion has been proposed as a potential mechanism of hearing damage and cochlear ischaemia has been related to alterations of cochlear microvessels. In addition, some researchers have focused their attention on the rheological alterations and blood hyperviscosity. Erythrocyte deformability plays a key role in determining blood viscosity, and it is critical to cochlear perfusion. It has been shown that oxidative stress-induced erythrocyte membrane fluidity alterations are linked to the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Methods To determine whether erythrocytes from SSNHL patients show signs of oxidative stress, and whether this condition can modify the haemorheologic profile in these patients, we analysed haemorheologic profile and erythrocyte oxidative stress in 35 SSNHL patients and 35 healthy subjects, matched for age and sex. Fluorescence anisotropy was used to evaluate the fluidity of erythrocyte membranes. Results Our results show a significant structural and functional involvement of erythrocyte membrane alterations in SSNHL, as well as elevated levels of membrane lipid peroxidation and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In addition, erythrocyte-derived ROS and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation positively correlated with whole blood viscosity and erythrocyte deformability. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated that ROS display a key role in erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Conclusion These findings indicate that erythrocyte oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of SSNHL and pave the way to new therapeutic interventions.

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Zelca, Zane, Silvija Kukle, Janis Kajaks, and Marija Geikina-Geimana. "Hemp Fibers Waste and Linear Low Density Polyethylene Composite Properties." Key Engineering Materials 721 (December 2016): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.33.

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Influence of the composite preparing technology and filler type (hemp waste and hemp fibres) on the performance characteristics (melt flow index and water resistance) of the composites based on a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) was investigated. The best melt flow index (MFI) results were achieved when as composites preparing method extrusion and two rolls mill with lubricant additive combination were used. It is established that usage of extrusion mixing method of the hemp fibers containing LLDPE composites significantly affects materials melts fluidity evaluated by values of MFI and quality of extruded profile. The lowest fluidity was observed for composite with hemp waste prepared by two rolls mill processing method. The best water resistance was observed for composites with lubricant and for their preparing two rolls mill and extrusion processing methods combination was used.

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Kempaiah, Rayavara K., and Krishnapura Srinivasan. "Influence of dietary spices on the fluidity of erythrocytes in hypercholesterolaemic rats." British Journal of Nutrition 93, no. 1 (January 2005): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041317.

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In rats rendered hypercholesterolaemic by maintaining them on a cholesterol-enriched diet (0·5 %) for 8 weeks, as a result of alteration in membrane structural lipids, erythrocytes were observed to be deformed and become more fragile. This deformity and fragility was partially reversed by the two dietary spice principles, curcumin and capsaicin, and the spice, garlic, by virtue of their ability to lower the extent of hypercholesterolaemia. A further insight into the factors that might have reduced the fluidity of erythrocytes in hypercholesterolaemic rats revealed changes in fatty acid profile of the membranes, phospholipid composition of the membrane bilayer, reduced Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase, and reduction in the sensitivity of erythrocytes to concanavaline A. Dietary capsaicin appeared to counter these changes partially in hypercholesterolaemic rats. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra and fluorescence anisotropy parameters also revealed altered fluidity of erythrocytes in hypercholesterolaemic rats. Dietary capsaicin and curcumin significantly reversed this alteration. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed that the echinocyte population was increased in the erythrocytes of hypercholesterolaemic rats, and this was significantly countered by dietary capsaicin. The membrane protein profile and the active cation efflux appeared to be unaffected in the hypercholesterolaemic situation.

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Li Sha Zhao and Yan Hua Cai, Li Sha Zhao and Yan Hua Cai. "A 1H-Benzotriazole Derivative Nucleated Poly(L-lactic acid): Thermal Behavior and Physical Properties." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 42, no. 3 (2020): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000648.

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In this study, a 1H-benzotriazole derivative, N, Nand#39;-bis(1H-benzotriazole) succinic acid acethydrazide (SABHA), was synthesized to nucleate Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA). A series of comparative studies on the melt-crystallization, the cold-crystallization, the melting behavior, the thermal stability, as well as the fluidity between the pure PLLA and PLLA/SABHA were performed. The melt-crystallization behavior revealed that the SABHA as a heterogeneous nucleating agent could significantly facilitate the crystallization of PLLA, and a larger amount of SABHA concentration exhibited the better nucleation effect. However, for the cold-crystallization process, the crystallization peak shifted toward the lower temperature with increasing of SABHA concentration. The melting behavior after crystallization at different crystallization temperatures showed that the melting process of PLLA/SABHA samples depended on the crystallization temperature, and the appearance of the double melting peaks was attributed to the melt-recrystallization. The thermal decomposition profile of PLLA was not affected by SABHA, but the addition of SABHA reduced the thermal stability of PLLA. Fortunately, the presence of SABHA improved the fluidity of PLLA, and the effect of SABHA concentration on the fluidity was positive.

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Li Sha Zhao and Yan Hua Cai, Li Sha Zhao and Yan Hua Cai. "A 1H-Benzotriazole Derivative Nucleated Poly(L-lactic acid): Thermal Behavior and Physical Properties." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 42, no. 3 (2020): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000648/jcsp/42.03.2020.

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In this study, a 1H-benzotriazole derivative, N, Nand#39;-bis(1H-benzotriazole) succinic acid acethydrazide (SABHA), was synthesized to nucleate Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA). A series of comparative studies on the melt-crystallization, the cold-crystallization, the melting behavior, the thermal stability, as well as the fluidity between the pure PLLA and PLLA/SABHA were performed. The melt-crystallization behavior revealed that the SABHA as a heterogeneous nucleating agent could significantly facilitate the crystallization of PLLA, and a larger amount of SABHA concentration exhibited the better nucleation effect. However, for the cold-crystallization process, the crystallization peak shifted toward the lower temperature with increasing of SABHA concentration. The melting behavior after crystallization at different crystallization temperatures showed that the melting process of PLLA/SABHA samples depended on the crystallization temperature, and the appearance of the double melting peaks was attributed to the melt-recrystallization. The thermal decomposition profile of PLLA was not affected by SABHA, but the addition of SABHA reduced the thermal stability of PLLA. Fortunately, the presence of SABHA improved the fluidity of PLLA, and the effect of SABHA concentration on the fluidity was positive.

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Carvalho, Carlos A. L., Geni S. Sodré, Antonio A. O. Fonseca, Rogério M. O. Alves, Bruno A. Souza, and Lana Clarton. "Physicochemical characteristics and sensory profile of honey samples from stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponinae) submitted to a dehumidification process." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 81, no. 1 (March 2009): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652009000100015.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a dehumidification process on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of stingless-bee honey. Melipona scutellaris and M. quadrifasciata honey samples were submitted to a dehumidification process and to physicochemical (reducing sugars, apparent sucrose, moisture, diastatic activity, hydroxymethylfurfural, ash, pH, acidity, and electric conductivity) and sensory evaluations (fluidity, color, aroma, crystallization,flavor,and acceptability). The results indicated that the dehumidification process does not interfere with honey quality and acceptability.

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Bhalla, Punita, Praveen Nair, M. L. Garg, and D. K. Dhawan. "Effects of lithium on membrane fluidity and lipid profile in brain membranes of aluminum-treated rats." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 91, no. 4 (June 2009): 723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772240802445472.

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Dhawan, Devinder, and Neha Singla. "P3-019: Regulation of membrane protein, lipid profile and fluidity by zinc during aluminium induced neurodegeneration." Alzheimer's & Dementia 8, no. 4S_Part_12 (July 2012): P461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.1237.

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Barbora, Katrenčíková, Vaváková Magdaléna, Waczulíková Iveta, Oravec Stanislav, Garaiova Iveta, Nagyová Zuzana, Hlaváčová Nataša, Ďuračková Zdenka, and Trebatická Jana. "Lipid Profile, Lipoprotein Subfractions, and Fluidity of Membranes in Children and Adolescents with Depressive Disorder: Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study." Biomolecules 10, no. 10 (October 8, 2020): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10101427.

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Depressive disorder (DD) is a psychiatric disorder whose molecular basis is not fully understood. It is assumed that reduced consumption of fish and omega-3 fatty acids (FA) is associated with DD. Other lipids such as total cholesterol (TCH), LDL-, and HDL-cholesterols (LDL-CH, HDL-CH) also play a role in depression. The primary endpoint of the study was the effect of omega-3 FA on the severity of depression in children and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the secondary endpoint, relationship between depressive disorder symptoms and lipid profile, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol subfractions, Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activities, and erythrocyte membrane fluidity in 58 depressed children and adolescents (calculated by the statistical program on the effect size), as well as the effect of omega-3 FA on the monitored parameters. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), lipid profile by standard biochemical procedures, and LDL- and HDL-subfractions by the Lipoprint system. Basic biochemical parameters including lipid profile were compared with levels in 20 healthy children and were in the physiological range. Improvement of symptoms in the group supplemented with a fish oil emulsion rich in omega-3 FA in contrast to omega-6 FA (emulsion of sunflower oil) has been observed. We are the first to report that omega-3 FAs, but not omega-6 FA, increase large HDL subfractions (anti-atherogenic) after 12 weeks of supplementation and decrease small HDL subfractions (proatherogenic) in depressed children. We found a negative correlation between CDI score and HDL-CH and the large HDL subfraction, but not LDL-CH subfractions. CDI score was not associated with erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Our results suggest that HDL-CH and its subfractions, but not LDL-CH may play a role in the pathophysiology of depressive disorder. The study was registered under ISRCTN81655012.

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Mejı́a, Ricardo, M. Carmen Gómez-Eichelmann, and Marta S. Fernández. "Escherichia coli Membrane Fluidity as Detected by Excimerization of Dipyrenylpropane: Sensitivity to the Bacterial Fatty Acid Profile." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 368, no. 1 (August 1999): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1999.1275.

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Al-Khalaf, Ranya A., Husain A. Al-Awadhi, Noor Al-Beloshei, and Mohammad Afzal. "Lipid and fatty acid profile ofGeobacillus kaustophilusin response to abiotic stress." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 2 (February 2013): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2012-0601.

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Geobacillus kaustophilus is an important food-borne, spore-forming, thermotolerant bacterium. It has a good potential for biotransformation of steroid hormones, such as progesterone and testosterone. In this study, we report G. kaustophilus membrane lipid modifications in response to temperature shock, salinity, incubation time, and pH. Total lipids significantly increased in response to increasing temperature, incubation time, and salt concentration. However, the bacterium presented a significant decrease in the accumulation of total lipids in response to pH shock. The ratio of branched-chain fatty acids/straight-chain fatty acids decreased significantly under all stress conditions. With an increase in temperature, incubation time, and salt concentration, the ratio of iso-fatty acids/anteiso-fatty acids increased significantly, while this ratio remained unaffected by changes in the pH of the growth medium. Our results suggest a modification occurs in the bacterial membrane structure in response to temperature, salinity, incubation time, and pH shock. The variable abiotic stress resulted in a multiple increase in odd-numbered-carbon and low-melting-point anteiso-branched-chain fatty acids, helping the membrane keep its integrity, fluidity, and function for growth of the bacteria under abiotic stress conditions.

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Diociaiuti, Marco, Cecilia Bombelli, Laura Zanetti-Polzi, Marcello Belfiore, Raoul Fioravanti, Gianfranco Macchia, and Cristiano Giordani. "The Interaction between Amyloid Prefibrillar Oligomers of Salmon Calcitonin and a Lipid-Raft Model: Molecular Mechanisms Leading to Membrane Damage, Ca2+-Influx and Neurotoxicity." Biomolecules 10, no. 1 (December 29, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10010058.

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To investigate the interaction between amyloid assemblies and “lipid-rafts”, we performed functional and structural experiments on salmon calcitonin (sCT) solutions rich in prefibrillar oligomers, proto- and mature-fibers interacting with liposomes made of monosialoganglioside-GM1 (4%), DPPC (48%) and cholesterol (48%). To focus on the role played by electrostatic forces and considering that sCT is positive and GM1 is negative at physiologic pH, we compared results with those relative to GM1-free liposomes while, to assess membrane fluidity effects, with those relative to cholesterol-free liposomes. We investigated functional effects by evaluating Ca2+-influx in liposomes and viability of HT22-DIFF neurons. Only neurotoxic solutions rich in unstructured prefibrillar oligomers were able to induce Ca2+-influx in the “lipid-rafts” model, suggesting that the two phenomena were correlated. Thus, we investigated protein conformation and membrane modifications occurring during the interaction: circular dichroism showed that “lipid-rafts” fostered the formation of β-structures and energy filtered-transmission electron microscopy that prefibrillar oligomers formed pores, similar to Aβ did. We speculate that electrostatic forces between the positive prefibrillar oligomers and the negative GM1 drive the initial binding while the hydrophobic profile and flexibility of prefibrillar oligomers, together with the membrane fluidity, are responsible for the subsequent pore formation leading to Ca2+-influx and neurotoxicity.

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Mochizuki, Yuuki, Yohei Ono, and Naoto Tsubouchi. "Evolution profile of gases during coal carbonization and relationship between their amounts and the fluidity or coke strength." Fuel 237 (February 2019): 735–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.09.086.

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Ward, Lindsey M., and Zoi Kapoula. "Creativity, Eye-Movement Abnormalities, and Aesthetic Appreciation of Magritte’s Paintings." Brain Sciences 12, no. 8 (August 3, 2022): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12081028.

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Dyslexic children have been shown to be more creative than their non-dyslexic counterparts. They have also been shown to have an abnormal oculomotor profile while viewing targets in free space, making vergence or saccadic eye movements while reading or when viewing Op art. They show a slower deceleration of their eye movements and a difficulty in coordinating their two eyes to obtain single fused vision in depth. Interestingly, their abnormal oculo-motor profile is exacerbated while reading more difficult texts. Given these differences, we postulate that dyslexics’ increased creativity may be related to their different eye movement control affecting how they perceive the world. Therefore, we decided to measure adolescent dyslexics’ creativity, oculomotor profile, and subjective responses while they viewed three paintings by Magritte. These were chosen to stimulate the perception of hidden conceptual spaces or stimulate conflict between the perception of the figural and textural content. For the first time to our knowledge, dyslexic adolescents were demonstrated to be more creative in terms of flexibility and fluidity than their non-dyslexic peers. Subjectively, while viewing the Magritte paintings, dyslexics reported fewer conceptual spaces and fewer hidden words than their non-dyslexic peers; thus, they confabulated less than non-dyslexics. Dyslexics also demonstrated an abnormal oculomotor profile similar to those that we have shown when reading, viewing randomized targets, and while perceiving illusions of depth in Op art paintings, in that they demonstrated difficulty with disconjugation and abnormalities in their eye velocity profiles. We propose there may be a link between dyslexic increased creativity and their eye movement abnormalities. Similar to reading nonsense text, we propose that Magritte’s contradictory paintings exacerbate dyslexics’ eye movement abnormalities. These eye movement abnormalities while viewing these particular paintings might provide a physiological signature suggesting a contribution of their unusual eye control to their higher creativity scores.

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Quiles, José L., Jesús R. Huertas, Mariano Mañas, Maurizio Battino, and José Mataix. "Physical exercise affects the lipid profile of mitochondrial membranes in rats fed with virgin olive oil or sunflower oil." British Journal of Nutrition 81, no. 1 (January 1999): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599000094.

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The effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile in mitochondrial membranes of liver and skeletal muscle were examined in rats fed with virgin olive oil or sunflower oil. Thirty male Wistar rats, 21 d old, were randomly assigned to four groups according to fat ingestion and physical activity over an 8-week period. For each type of oil, one group acted as a control group while rats from the other were trained to run for 40 min daily on a horizontal treadmill, at a speed of 35 m/min. The results show that diet affected the fatty acid profile of the mitochondrial membranes from skeletal muscle and liver. Physical exercise also modified the fatty acid profile of the mitochondrial membranes. Total monounsaturated fatty acids decreased (P < 0.001) in liver mitochondria of exercised animals. Total polyunsaturated fatty acids in mitochondrial membranes of liver increased (P < 0.005) after exercise but those in mitochondrial membranes of skeletal muscle decreased (P < 0.05). These changes due to the exercise may arise via several mechanisms, e.g. fluidity regulation; changes in the eicosanoid metabolism; differences in the availability or oxidation rate of the different fatty acids.

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SENOU, Hamidou, Cai X. ZHENG, Gabriel SAMAKE, Mamadou B. TRAORE, Fousseni FOLEGA, and Bakary M. TRAORE. "Quantification of Seed Oil Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Jatropha cucas L. from Guizhou, China." International Journal of Biology 8, no. 2 (March 24, 2016): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v8n2p92.

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The methyl esters of fatty acids composition of the oil from jatropha curcas seeds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer GC-MS. Fourteen components were found to be representative with 99.52% of the total content of seed oils. The main constituents were unsaturated fatty acids (71.93%) and saturated fatty acids (27.59%). For the saturated fatty acids composition such as palmitic and stearic acid, the rate was 15.80% and 10.79%, respectively. Linoleic acid (39.58%) and oleic acid (30.41%) were obtained in highest concentration among the unsaturated fatty acids identified in the seeds oil of Jatropha curcas from Guizhou. This value also justifies the fluidity of the oil at room temperature. A high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (39.58%) and a slightly lower rate of monounsaturated fatty acids (32.35%) were also observed. The seed oils profile of Guizhou Jatropha curcas presents the desirable fatty acid C14 to C18 and interesting features for the biodiesel production.

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Wu, Hongyu, Eric L. Ding, Estefanía T. Toledo, Hannia Campos, Ana Baylin, Frank B. Hu, and Qi Sun. "A novel fatty acid lipophilic index and risk of CHD in US men: the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study." British Journal of Nutrition 110, no. 3 (January 8, 2013): 466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512005272.

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Few epidemiological studies have examined the association between an overall fatty acid (FA) profile and CHD risk. The aim of the present study was to examine a novel index that summarises individual FA levels based on FA affinity and fluidity in relation to CHD risk in men. In a prospective nested case–control study, FA in plasma and erythrocytes were measured in 459 CHD cases and 879 matched controls. Lipophilic index (LI) was computed by summing the products between FA levels and melting point of each FA to reflect the overall FA lipophilicity. Among controls, higher plasma LI was significantly correlated with adverse profiles of blood lipids, inflammatory markers and adiponectin. After multivariate adjustment for age, smoking, BMI and other CHD risk factors, plasma LI was significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD: the relative risk was 1·61 (95 % CI 1·03, 2·53; P for trend = 0·04) comparing extreme quintiles. This association was attenuated to 1·21 (95 % CI 0·48, 3·09; P for trend = 0·77) after adjusting for plasma levels of total trans-FA, long-chain n-3 FA and polyunsaturated:saturated fat ratio. Erythrocyte LI was not significantly associated with CHD risk. The present data indicate that a novel LI is associated with an adverse profile of cardiovascular risk markers and increased risk of CHD in men; its usefulness as a complement of individual FA in assessing disease risk needs to be elucidated in future studies.

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Ramírez-Casco, Rafael, René O. Vargas, Carlos Lira-Galeana, Edgar Ramírez-Jaramillo, Marcos Turcio, and Octavio Manero. "Non-Darcian Displacement of Oil by a Micellar Solution in Fractal Porous Media." Fluids 7, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7120377.

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A Buckley–Leverett analysis with capillary pressure to model the oil displacement in fractal porous media is herein presented. The effective permeability for a non-Newtonian micellar fluid is calculated by a constitutive equation used to describe the rheological properties of a displacement fluid. The main assumption of this model involves a bundle of tortuous capillaries with a size distribution and tortuosity that follow fractal laws. The BMP model predicts two asymptotic (Newtonian) regions at low and high shear and a power-law region between the two Newtonian regions corresponding to a stress plateau. Both the stress at the wall and the fluidity are calculated using an imposed pressure gradient in order to determine the mobility of the solution. We analyze different mobility ratios to describe the behavior of the so-called self-destructive surfactants. Initially, the viscosity of the displacing fluid (micellar solution) is high; however, interactions with the porous media lead to a breakage process and degradation of the surfactant, producing low viscosity. This process is simulated by varying the applied pressure gradient. The resulting equation is of the reaction–diffusion type with various time scales; a shock profile develops in the convective time scale, as in the traditional Buckley-Leverett analysis, while at longer times diffusion effects begin to affect the profile. Predictions include shock profiles and compressive waves. These results may find application when selecting surfactants for enhanced oil recovery processes in oilfields.

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Luqman, Suaib, K. V. Obli Prabu, Anirban Pal, Dharmendra Saikia, Mahendra P. Darokar, and Suman P. S. Khanuja. "Antibiotic-Induced Alterations in the Osmotic Resistance of Erythrocytes is Modulated by β-Carotene and L –Ascorbic Acid." Natural Product Communications 1, no. 6 (June 2006): 1934578X0600100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0600100610.

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Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin and Norfloxacin are potent anti-microbials. These antibiotics, besides affecting bacteria, also exert toxic effects on mammalian cells. The present work was undertaken to study the effect of these antibiotics on the osmotic fragility profile of erythrocytes and the protective role played by vitamin supplementation, which exerts a stabilizing effect on the erythrocytes making them more resistant to lysis under hypotonic stress. The protective effect of β-carotene and L-ascorbic acid was significant (p < 0.01) at 0.1 mM and 0.01 mM concentrations. No significant effect was observed at lower concentrations. The free radical scavenging activity and effect of these vitamins on membrane fluidity and permeability may explain the protective role against the damage induced by the antibiotics on the erythrocytes membrane.

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Jain, Sanyog, Pragati Khare, Tushar Date, Sameer S. Katiyar, Varun Kushwah, Mahesh K. Katariya, and Rajan Swami. "Mechanistic insights into high permeation vesicle-mediated synergistic enhancement of transdermal drug permeation." Nanomedicine 14, no. 16 (August 2019): 2227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2018-0519.

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Aim: To design a nanocarrier platform for enhanced transdermal drug permeation. Materials & methods: Gel-based high permeation vesicles (HPVs) were developed and their performance in terms of transdermal flux improvement, in vitro release and skin irritancy was assessed. The mechanistic insights of permeation enhancement were explored using confocal laser scanning microscopy, ATR-FTIR, DSC and P31 NMR. Results: HPVs exhibited as vesicles with uniform size (∼150 nm), extended drug-release profile (∼48 h) and improved transdermal flux. HPVs were also nontoxic and nonirritant to skin. Enhanced vesicle deformability, improved vesicle membrane fluidity and synergistic permeation enhancement action of synergistic combination of permeation enhancer components was found to be responsible for HPV-mediated permeation enhancement. Conclusion: Overall, the study established that HPVs demonstrate a promising therapeutic advantage over conventional transdermal drug carriers.

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Xiang, Qian-Qian, Di Wang, Ji-Lai Zhang, Cheng-Zhi Ding, Xia Luo, Juan Tao, Jian Ling, Damian Shea, and Li-Qiang Chen. "Effect of silver nanoparticles on gill membranes of common carp: Modification of fatty acid profile, lipid peroxidation and membrane fluidity." Environmental Pollution 256 (January 2020): 113504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113504.

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Nguyen, Tammy T., Adam T. Gates, Lester L. Gutshall, Victor K. Johnston, Baohua Gu, Kevin J. Duffy, and Robert T. Sarisky. "Resistance Profile of a Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Benzothiadiazine Inhibitor." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 11 (November 2003): 3525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.11.3525-3530.2003.

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ABSTRACT Recently, a benzo-1,2,4-thiadiazine antiviral agent (C21H21N3O4S; compound 4) was shown to be a potent, highly specific inhibitor of the primary catalytic enzyme of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicase complex. In this study, we selected for resistance to confirm the mechanism of action for compound 4 in HCV replicon cells. As expected, spontaneous mutations or fluidity in the HCV polymerase (NS5B) coding sequence occurred upon routine passage of the HCV replicon cells in the absence of compound 4. After 1 month of culture in the presence of 10 μM compound 4, or 20 times the 50% inhibitory concentration of the replicon, replicon cells were almost 20-fold less susceptible to compound 4. Twenty-one NS5B cDNA clones were generated from the resistant replicon cells. Five mutations in the 21 NS5B clones were present at frequencies higher than that of control replicon cells, and no clone contained more than a single mutation within the polymerase gene. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase studies using purified recombinant NS5B containing these single point mutations allowed the identification of residue 414 as sufficient for biochemical resistance to compound 4. Further, the contribution of this residue to confer cell-based resistance to compound 4 was validated using a stable recombinant mutant replicon cell line which harbors a methionine-to-threonine change at residue 414. The potential for additional mutations in other nonstructural genes of HCV to contribute to the resistance profile of compound 4 is discussed.

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González, Rocío, Mª Ángeles Peña, Norma Sofía Torres, and Guillermo Torrado. "Design, development, and characterization of amorphous rosuvastatin calcium tablets." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 21, 2022): e0265263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265263.

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This work proposes a methodology for the design, development, optimisation, and evaluation of amorphous rosuvastatin calcium tablets (BCS class II drug). The main goal was to ensure rapid disintegration and high dissolution rate of the active ingredient, thus enhancing its bioavailability. The design started from a careful selection of excipients, which due to their characteristics and proportions within the formulation allowed the use of their properties such as fluidity or granulometric distribution. The formulation was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) methods. The galenic SeDeM methodology was used to establish the profile of the active ingredient-excipient mixture and guarantee its suitability for producing tablets by the direct compression method. The results demonstrate that the amorphous rosuvastatin calcium tablets formulation developed made it possible to obtain cost-effective tablets by direct compression with optimal pharmacotechnical characteristics that showed a remarkable disintegration and dissolution rate. The manufactured tablets complied with the pharmacopoeia guidelines regarding content uniformity, tablet hardness, thickness, friability, in vitro disintegration time and dissolution profile.

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Alamri, Abdulwahab, Lincoln Biswas, David Watson, and Xinhua Shu. "Deletion of TSPO Resulted in Change of Metabolomic Profile in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061387.

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Age-related macular degeneration is the main cause of vision loss in the aged population worldwide. Drusen, extracellular lesions formed underneath the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, are a clinical feature of AMD and associated with AMD progression. RPE cells support photoreceptor function by providing nutrition, phagocytosing outer segments and removing metabolic waste. Dysfunction and death of RPE cells are early features of AMD. The translocator protein, TSPO, plays an important role in RPE cholesterol efflux and loss of TSPO results in increased intracellular lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This study aimed to investigate the impact of TSPO knockout on RPE cellular metabolism by identifying the metabolic differences between wildtype and knockout RPE cells, with or without treatment with oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS), we differentiated several metabolic pathways among wildtype and knockout cells. Lipids amongst other intracellular metabolites were the most influenced by loss of TSPO and/or oxLDL treatment. Glucose, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism was also affected. TSPO deletion led to up-regulation of fatty acids and glycerophospholipids, which in turn possibly affected the cell membrane fluidity and stability. Higher levels of glutathione disulphide (GSSG) were found in TSPO knockout RPE cells, suggesting TSPO regulates mitochondrial-mediated oxidative stress. These data provide biochemical insights into TSPO-associated function in RPE cells and may shed light on disease mechanisms in AMD.

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35

Kakinuma, Taro. "A Numerical Study on Distant Tsunami Propagation Considering the Strong Nonlinearity and Strong Dispersion of Waves, or the Plate Elasticity and Mantle Fluidity of Earth." Fluids 7, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7050150.

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Numerical simulations were generated to investigate the propagation processes of distant tsunamis, using a set of wave equations based on the variational principle considering both the strong nonlinearity and strong dispersion of waves. First, we proposed estimate formulae for the time variations of the tsunami height and wavelength of the first distant tsunami, by assuming that the initial tsunami profile was a long crest in a uniform bathymetry. Second, we considered the plate elasticity and upper-mantle fluidity of Earth, to examine their effects on the distant tsunami propagation. When the plate and upper mantle meet certain conditions with both a large depth and moderately large density of the upper mantle, the internal-mode tsunamis with a significant tsunami height propagated slower than the tsunamis in the corresponding one-layer problems, leading to the delay of the arrival time observed in distant tsunamis from that evaluated by the one-layer calculation.

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36

Kakinuma, Taro. "A Numerical Study on Distant Tsunami Propagation Considering the Strong Nonlinearity and Strong Dispersion of Waves, or the Plate Elasticity and Mantle Fluidity of Earth." Fluids 7, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7050150.

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Numerical simulations were generated to investigate the propagation processes of distant tsunamis, using a set of wave equations based on the variational principle considering both the strong nonlinearity and strong dispersion of waves. First, we proposed estimate formulae for the time variations of the tsunami height and wavelength of the first distant tsunami, by assuming that the initial tsunami profile was a long crest in a uniform bathymetry. Second, we considered the plate elasticity and upper-mantle fluidity of Earth, to examine their effects on the distant tsunami propagation. When the plate and upper mantle meet certain conditions with both a large depth and moderately large density of the upper mantle, the internal-mode tsunamis with a significant tsunami height propagated slower than the tsunamis in the corresponding one-layer problems, leading to the delay of the arrival time observed in distant tsunamis from that evaluated by the one-layer calculation.

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37

Chodchoey, Kanokwan, and Cornelis Verduyn. "Growth, fatty acid profile in major lipid classes and lipid fluidity of Aurantiochytrium mangrovei Sk-02 as a function of growth temperature." Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 1 (March 2012): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-83822012000100020.

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38

Yadav, N., R. K. S. Dogra, M. Y. Khan, and S. Khandelwal. "Prevention of acute cadmium toxicity by Picroliv." Human & Experimental Toxicology 24, no. 10 (October 2005): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327105ht563oa.

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The potential of Picroliv, a herbal extract against acute cadmium (Cd) intoxication, was evaluated in male rats. Biochemical and histopathological profile in rats pretreated with Picroliv (12 mg/kg, oral) followed by a single dose of Cd as cadmium chloride (CdCl2) (3 mg/kg, ip) revealed marked suppression of oxidative stress in liver and testes. The Cd-induced enhanced levels of lipid peroxidation, membrane fluidity and reduced levels of nonprotein sulphydryls and Na+K+ATPase were significantly restored to near normal by Picroliv pretreatment. In addition, the Cd-induced serum levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase were restored to near basal levels. Hepatic and testicular histopathological damage was also minimized. The results strongly suggest definite hepatoand testicular protection by Picroliv. The antioxidant potential of the herbal extract in the major part, and not its chelating property, seems to be responsible for its ameliorative action.

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39

Gamber, Wendy. "“The Notorious Mrs. Clem”: Gender, Class, and Criminality in Gilded Age America." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 11, no. 3 (July 2012): 313–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781412000242.

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This essay explores the story of Nancy Clem, an outwardly respectable Indianapolis confidence woman and alleged murderess, in the context of changing constructions of class, gender, and criminality. It examines various ways in which lawyers, newspaper reporters, and ordinary citizens struggled to understand a woman who did not fit preexisting conceptions of gender and crime. A series of high-profile cases involving bourgeois criminals and (more than likely) Clem's own social aspirations allowed cultural commentators to portray her as a “genteel murderess.” Upon her release from prison after an abortive fifth trial, Clem could not sustain her newly acquired social identity, in part because her erstwhile refinement was a journalistic creation and in part because the changing nature of class, gender, and space in Gilded Age Indianapolis provided her with fewer opportunities for self-fashioning. Clem's social odyssey from half-literate “Butternut” to genteel murderess to uncultured “capitalist” reflects slippery, yet significant, transitions between social fluidity and relative rigidity, antebellum respectability and Gilded Age gentility.

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40

Cheung, Noé, Amauri Garcia, and José Eduardo Spinelli. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Directionally Solidified Unmodified and Ni-Modified Sn-0.7wt%Cu Lead-Free Solder Alloy." Defect and Diffusion Forum 333 (January 2013): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.333.107.

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Lead containing solders (SnPb eutectic alloys) are widely used in electronic devices due to their good mechanical properties and low manufacturing cost. However, two European Union regulations (Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment and Restriction of Hazardous Substances) banned the use of lead in electrical and electronic equipment because of the toxic effect on human health and the environment. Nowadays, it is particularly important to find replacements for Pb containing solder materials. In that respect, copper is used as an alloying element and the composition Sn-0.7wt%Cu is of particular interest. Small Ni additions can be interesting since they would be included into the composition of the commercial solder SN100 and can also avoid the presence of coarse and deleterious Cu6Sn5 particles for Sn-Cu alloys in the hypoeutectic range of compositions. In the present investigation, growth rate, cooling rate, interfacial heat transfer coefficient (hi), the scale of the microstructure and morphologies, ultimate tensile strength and elongation have been experimentally determined for Sn-0.7wt%Cu and Sn-0.7wt%Cu-0.1wt%Ni alloys solidified in a water-cooled vertical upward unidirectional solidification system. Further, interrelations of thermal parameters, microstructure and tensile properties may be established. A higher time-dependent hi profile was found for the Sn-0.7wt%Cu-0.1wt%Ni alloy which seems to indicate that a higher fluidity was obtained with small Ni addition. Higher fluidity values may characterize better physicochemical affinity between the melt and the mould surface. The modified Sn-Cu alloy propitiates higher ultimate tensile strength values to be obtained. This may be due to the prevalence of eutectic two-phase cells along the casting associated with fine Cu-rich particles close to the water-cooled surface.

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Baysse, Christine, Méabh Cullinane, Valérie Dénervaud, Elizabeth Burrowes, J. Maxwell Dow, John P. Morrissey, Ling Tam, Jack T. Trevors, and Fergal O'Gara. "Modulation of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa through alteration of membrane properties." Microbiology 151, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 2529–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28185-0.

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Changes in the cellular envelope are major physiological adaptations that occur when micro-organisms encounter extreme environmental conditions. An appropriate degree of membrane fluidity is crucial for survival, and alteration of membrane lipids is an essential adaptive response. Emerging data suggest that microbial cells may recognize alterations in their membrane viscosity resulting from certain environmental changes as a trigger for adaptive cellular responses. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the quorum-sensing (QS) system involves a complex regulatory circuitry that coordinates the expression of genes according to a critical population density. Interestingly, it has been shown that the QS system of P. aeruginosa can also be activated by nutritional stress, independently of the cell density, and therefore may be part of a more general adaptive response to stressful environmental conditions. In order to examine the proposed link between membrane properties and stress signalling, the effects of genetically engineered alterations of the membrane phospholipid composition of P. aeruginosa PAO1 on the activation of the stringent response and the QS system were examined. The lptA gene encoding a functional homologue of PlsC, an Escherichia coli enzyme that catalyses the second step of the phospholipid biosynthesis pathway, was identified and disrupted. Inactivation of lptA altered the fatty acid profile of phospholipids and the membrane properties, resulting in decreased membrane fluidity. This resulted in a premature production of the QS signals N-butanoyl- and N-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL and C6-HSL) and a repression of 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS) synthesis at later growth phases. The effects on C4- and C6-HSL depended upon the expression of relA, encoding the (p)ppGpp alarmone synthase, which was increased in the lptA mutant. Together, the findings support the concept that alterations in membrane properties can act as a trigger for stress-related gene expression.

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Saldanha, Carlota, José Monteiro, Carlos Perdigão, João Martins eSilva, and Luis Sargento. "Evidence of prolonged disturbances in the haemostatic, hemorheologic and inflammatory profiles in transmural myocardial infarction survivors." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 89, no. 05 (2003): 892–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613477.

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SummaryHaemostatic, hemorheologic and inflammatory disturbances have been associated with acute coronary syndromes. Most knowledge is reported in cross sectional studies and are without time dependent evolution of these profiles.The aim of this study was to evaluate, during the first year, the evolution of the haemostatic, hemorheologic and inflammatory profiles determined at hospital discharge in survivors with transmural myocardial infarction (MI).Eighty eight (79 male; 9 female) mean age of 58 ± 11 years, survivors of a transmural MI were prospectively studied at discharge, 6 months and one year after the event. Haemostatic (protein C, antithrombin III and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), hemorheologic (blood fluidity and components) and inflammatory profiles (polymorphonuclear elastase and leukocyte count) were determined using standard methodology.The results of the study can be summarized as follows: (1) Protein C decreased (p < 0.05) over time while PAI-1 only varied significantly until 6th month. (2) Plasma viscosity and fibrinogen (p < 0.001) decrease over time, while erythrocyte aggregation (p < 0.001) and haematocrit increased. Whole blood viscosity did not vary. (3) Leukocyte decreased (p < 0.001) and elastase did not (4). Those patients with cardiovascular events (n = 7) had higher PAI-1 concentration (p<0.05) and leukocyte count (p < 0.01), at discharge (5) Left ventricle ejection fraction correlated significantly with plasma viscosity (r = 0.35 p < 0.05). The results of this longitudinal study show dynamic modifications of the haemostatic, hemorheologic and inflammatory profiles during the first year of a transmural myocardial infarction. In addition, there are interrelations between them and the clinical profile that could help to explain the clinical evolution of this group of patients.

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Türker-Kaya, Sevgi, Aygül Kına, and Selen Alın. "Divergent interaction profiles of gabapentin and levetiracetam with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine lipids." International Journal of Epilepsy 04, no. 02 (December 2017): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijep.2017.09.001.

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Abstract Background/Objectives The lipid solubility of antiepileptic drugs directly affects central nervous system availability. In relation to this, the interactions of gabapentin and levetiracetam with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine lipids depending on concentrations were comparatively investigated in the present study. Methods The effects of gabapentin and levetricetam as a function of concentration (1–5–10–20 mol%) on biophysical parameters of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine multilammelar vesicles were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results The data revealed that gabapentin at all concentrations and levetiracetam at 1–5 mol% lowered main transition temperature, enthalpy, cooperativity, lipid fluidity, lipid order, and increased hydrogen binding capacity of glycerol and phosphate groups. However, 10–20 mol% of levetiracetam tend to show different effect on transition temperature, which could also reflect its opposing effect on lipid order and glycerol and phosphate group’s hydrations. Conclusions According to the corresponding findings depending on concentrations both drugs incorporate into phosphatidylcholines, perturbing the packing of lipids and affecting their thermotropic properties. Their binding affinity to acyl chains and hydrophilic parts of lipids was found to highly correlate with lipid-water partition and their solubility degree in water. Hence, the obtained results may offer evaluation of partition profile of the drugs into biological membranes depending on concentration.

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Sluijs, I., J. Praagman, J. M. A. Boer, W. M. M. Verschuren, and Y. T. van der Schouw. "Fluidity of the dietary fatty acid profile and risk of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke: Results from the EPIC-Netherlands cohort study." Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 27, no. 9 (September 2017): 799–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2017.06.008.

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Zhu, Kun, Xiang Ding, Mudcharee Julotok, and Brian J. Wilkinson. "Exogenous Isoleucine and Fatty Acid Shortening Ensure the High Content of Anteiso-C15:0 Fatty Acid Required for Low-Temperature Growth of Listeria monocytogenes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 12 (December 2005): 8002–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.12.8002-8007.2005.

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ABSTRACT Previous studies have demonstrated that the branched-chain fatty acid anteiso-C15:0 plays a critical role in the growth of Listeria monocytogenes at low temperatures by ensuring sufficient membrane fluidity. Studies utilizing a chemically defined minimal medium revealed that the anteiso fatty acid precursor isoleucine largely determined the fatty acid profile and fatty acid response of the organism to lowered growth temperature. When isoleucine was sufficient, the fatty acid profile was very uniform, with anteiso fatty acids comprising up to 95% of total fatty acid, and the major fatty acid adjustment to low temperature was fatty acid chain shortening, which resulted in an increase of anteiso-C15:0 solely at the expense of anteiso-C17:0. When isoleucine was not supplied, the fatty acid profile became more complex and was readily modified by leucine, which resulted in a significant increase of corresponding iso fatty acids and an inability to grow at 10°C. Under this condition, the increase of anteiso-C15:0 at low temperature resulted from the combined effect of increasing the anteiso:iso ratio and chain shortening. A branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase-defective strain largely lost the ability to increase the anteiso:iso ratio. Cerulenin, an inhibitor of β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase (FabF), induced a similar fatty acid chain shortening as low temperature did. We propose that the anteiso precursor preferences of enzymes in the branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis pathway ensure a high production of anteiso fatty acids, and cold-regulated chain shortening results in a further increase of anteiso-C15:0 at the expense of anteiso-C17:0.

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Palestini, Paola, Chiara Calvi, Elena Conforti, Laura Botto, Carla Fenoglio, and Giuseppe Miserocchi. "Composition, biophysical properties, and morphometry of plasma membranes in pulmonary interstitial edema." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 282, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): L1382—L1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00447.2001.

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We evaluated the changes in plasma membrane composition, biophysical properties, and morphology of pulmonary endothelial cells in anesthetized rabbits receiving 0.5 ml · kg−1 · min−1 saline infusion for 180 min, causing mild interstitial edema. Plasma membrane fractions were obtained from lung homogenates with gradient centrifugation, allowing a sixfold enrichment in caveolin-1. In edematous lungs, cholesterol content and phospholipidic phosphorus increased by 15 and 40%, respectively. These data correlated with morphometric analysis of lungs fixed in situ by vascular perfusion with 2.5% glutaraldehyde, suggesting a relative increase in surface of luminal to interstitial front of the capillary endothelial cells, due to a convoluted luminal profile. In edematous lungs, the fraction of double-bound fatty acids increased in membrane lipids; moreover, the phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine and the cholesterol/phospholipid ratios decreased. These changes were consistent with the increase in fluorescence anisotropy of plasma membrane, indicating an increase in its fluidity. Data suggest that mechanical stimuli elicited by a modest (∼4%) increase in extravascular water cause marked changes in plasma membranes that may be of relevance in signal transduction and endothelial cell activation.

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Dessì, Mariarita, Annalisa Noce, Pierfrancesco Bertucci, Simone Manca di Villahermosa, Rossella Zenobi, Veronica Castagnola, Eliana Addessi, and Nicola Di Daniele. "Atherosclerosis, Dyslipidemia, and Inflammation: The Significant Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids." ISRN Inflammation 2013 (May 12, 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/191823.

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Phospholipids play an essential role in cell membrane structure and function. The length and number of double bonds of fatty acids in membrane phospholipids are main determinants of fluidity, transport systems, activity of membrane-bound enzymes, and susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. The fatty acid profile of serum lipids, especially the phospholipids, reflects the fatty acid composition of cell membranes. Moreover, long-chain n-3 polyunsatured fatty acids decrease very-low-density lipoprotein assembly and secretion reducing triacylglycerol production. N-6 and n-3 polyunsatured fatty acids are the precursors of signalling molecules, termed “eicosanoids,” which play an important role in the regulation of inflammation. Eicosanoids derived from n-6 polyunsatured fatty acids have proinflammatory actions, while eicosanoids derived from n-3 polyunsatured fatty acids have anti-inflammatory ones. Previous studies showed that inflammation contributes to both the onset and progression of atherosclerosis: actually, atherosclerosis is predominantly a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease of the vessel wall. Several studies suggested the relationship between long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation, showing that fatty acids may decrease endothelial activation and affect eicosanoid metabolism.

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48

Yeoh, Beng San, Piu Saha, Vishal Singh, Xia Xiao, Yun Ying, Jairam K. Vanamala, Mary J. Kennett, Kevin J. Harvatine, Bina Joe, and Matam Vijay-Kumar. "Deficiency of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 aggravates colitogenic potential of adoptively transferred effector T cells." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 311, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): G713—G723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00174.2016.

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Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) is a lipogenic enzyme involved in the de novo biosynthesis of oleate (C18:1, n9), a major fatty acid in the phospholipids of lipid bilayers of cell membranes. Accordingly, Scd1KO mice display substantially reduced oleate in cell membranes. An altered SCD1 level was observed during intestinal inflammation; however, its role in modulating inflammatory bowel disease remains elusive. Herein, we investigated the colitogenic capacity of Scd1KO effector T cells by employing the adoptive T-cell transfer colitis model. Splenic effector T cells (CD4+CD25−) from age- and sex-matched wild-type (WT) and Scd1KO mice were isolated by FACS and intraperitoneally administered to Rag1KO mice, which were monitored for the development of colitis. At day 60 postcell transfer, Rag1KO mice that received Scd1KO CD4+CD25− T cells displayed accelerated and exacerbated colitis than mice receiving WT CD4+CD25− T cells. Intriguingly, Scd1KO CD4+CD25− T cells display augmented inflammatory cytokine profile and cellular membrane fluidity with a concomitant increase in proinflammatory saturated fatty acids, which we postulate to potentially underlie their augmented colitogenic potential.

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Kmiecik, Krzysztof, Henryk Król, and Grzegorz Sobota. "Are leg electromyogram profiles in squat is symetrical? (Case study)." Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences 27, no. 78 (June 30, 2017): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.6800.

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The action of the central nervous system that controls neuromuscular functions reflect electromyograms (EMGs) profiles of muscle activity of the basic muscles. However, there seems to be a relationship between the EMGs profiles and the movement patterns (e.g., values of extremity joins angles). We want to find out how changes EMG profiles and movement patterns of the squat movement with increasing loads and especially we want to determine degree of symmetry of selected homologous muscles. Due to the lack of critical information addressing symmetry, we studied the EMG profiles of six homologous leg muscles (i.e. tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus and erector spinae) during squat movement depending on load size. For this purpose we checked the usefulness of the multimodular measuring system (SMART-E, BTS) and force plate Kistler. Smart Analyser software was used to create a database allowing the chosen EMG profiles and movement patterns to be compared. In this study participated eleven healthy man, however two were selected for analysis. The first of subject was 36 years (body mass 82 kg; body height 180 cm; 1RM in full squat 140 kg). The second one was 28 years (body mass 90 kg; body height 183 cm; 1RM in full squat 110 kg). The subjects performed consecutive sets of a single repetition of full squat with the increasing load (70, 80, 90 and 100% 1RM the anticipated maximum weight), until the appointment of one repetition maximum. For analysis, however, only samples with moderate and maximal loads (70% and 100% 1RM, respectively) were selected. The sum of the differences in normalized amplitude values of individual pairs of homologous muscles was taken as a measure of symmetry/asymmetry of the EMG profile. The load increase of the squat contributed to the increase asymmetry of the profiles of pairs homologous muscles of the lower extremities. Greater asymmetry of subject A.M. in a squat with a load of 100% 1RM resulted that the fluidity of the movement was worsened.

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Pina, Cristina, Jose Teles, Cristina Fugazza, Yanping Guo, Gillian May, Carsten Peterson, and Tariq Enver. "Network Analysis Of Single Cells Identifies DDIT3 As a Nucleator Of Erythroid Signatures In Early Erythro-Myelopoiesis." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.44.44.

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Abstract Analysis of individual cells within phenotypically-uniform stem and progenitor populations reveals heterogeneity of cell states and affords exploration of their differential contribution to fate transitions. Herein, we investigate the transcriptional composition of lineage commitment transitions in the mouse hematopoietic system, obtained either spontaneously or driven by individual transcription factors (TF), to define alternative molecular states at the emergence of erythroid and myeloid lineage identity. To this end, we transcriptionally profile hundreds of individual cells across a spectrum of lineage states by quantitative RT-PCR on a Fluidigm platform. We explore the dual binary (on-off) vs. continuous (expression level) nature of PCR data and respectively calculate odds ratio, and Spearman correlation on co-expressing cells, for any pair of genes, in order to infer the circuitry underlying alternative routes to lineage commitment. This approach identifies Ddit3 as a specific target of GATA-driven networks that antagonizes Cebpa transcriptionally at the emergence of myeloid fate. Knockdown and knockout approaches indicate a requirement for Ddit3 in early erythroid decisions from stem cells. Enforced expression of Ddit3 in granulocytic-monocytic progenitors (GMP) results in down-regulation of individual Cebpfamily members and their downstream transcriptional programmes, including myelo-monocytic cytokine receptors. Notably, the resulting cells have robust self-renewal potential and express an early erythroid signature that is augmented in the presence of interleukin-3 and erythropoietin. Taken together, the data suggest that Ddit3 can nucleate incipient erythroid-affiliated programmes in early erythro-myelopoiesis, and may contribute to fate choice through antagonism with Cebp networks. Interestingly, ex-vivo culture and expression profiling of individual wild-type and DDIT3-enforced GMP suggest that the erythroid-primed state captured through Ddit3 expression may be found in a small proportion of native GMP, suggesting some fluidity of lineage identity in early progenitors. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fluidity of profile'

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