Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fluides magnétiques – Propriétés magnétiques'
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Ferreira, Da Silva Anailde. "Structure locale et propriétés thermodiffusives de nano-colloïdes magnétiques." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066801.
Full textThe spatial organization and the thermodiffusion of ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) in dispersion are here studied. The NPs are obtained by coprecipitation of Fe3+ and Co2+ (or Mn2+) ions in alkaline medium and protected by a maghemite shell. Colloidal samples are either directly issued from chemical synthesis at volume fraction Φ ≈ 1% and pH ≈ 2 with the ionic strength I badly controlled, or at pH Φ ≈ 3 with I = 10-3 mol/L, both being fixed by osmotic stress at Φ up to 30%. . A controlled sample dilution is then possible. Spatial organization of positively charged NPs is probed by small angle x-ray scattering. The analysis of the scattered intensity allows to extract form and structure factors of the NPs, in conditions ranging from weakly interparticle attraction to strong repulsion for which at large Φ the system becomes glassy. The first-neighbor peak of the structure factor, observed in Fluid phase, tends to disappear in glassy samples. The NPs dynamics is probed by Rayleigh forced scattering. A periodic array of temperature is created in the fluid sample via the image of a grid using a pump beam. It induces by Soret effect, an array of NPs concentration in the sample. If the pump beam is shut down, the concentration array relaxes by massic NPs diffusion. A temporal pump modulation allows to determine the Soret coefficient ST, here negative, the NPs go towards hot regions. ST is proportionnal to the compressibility of the NPs system. A description based on a Carnahan-Starling model is proposed to describe the Φ-dependence of both compressibity and Soret effect in the range of weak Φ's, where the samples remain Fluid, far from the glassy transition
Nesse trabalho, investigamos a organização estrutural e a dinâmica de dispersões de nanopartículas (NPs) magnétiques de ferrita obtidas por coprecipitação em meio alcalino de íons de Fe3+ e M2+ (M2+ = Co2+, Mn2+), protegidas por uma coroa de maguemita. As amostras são obtidas à partir da síntese com uma fração volumétrica Φ ≈ 1%, pH ≈ 2 e uma força iônica I imprecisa, ou em pH = 3 e I = 10-3 mol/L, ambos valores fixados por compressão osmótica até Φ ≈ 30 % (seguido eventualmente de uma diluição). A organização estrutural das NPs, que são carregadas positivamente, é investigada por espalhamento de raios X em baixo ângulo. A análise da intensidade espalhada permite extrair fatores de forma e de estrutura das NPs desde situações onde existem atrações pouco intensas entre NPs para situações de fortes repulsões interpartículas até mais altas concentrações nas quais o colóide se torna vítreo. O pico de primeiro vizinho do fator de estrutura, observado na fase fluida, tende a colapsar. A dinâmica das NPs é testada por espalhamento Rayleigh forçado. Um padrão periódico de temperatura é criado em amostras fluidas utilizando a imagem de uma grade formada por um feixe de luz. Este induz uma rede de concentração via efeito Soret: Quando o feixe de luz é cancelado, a rede relaxa por difusão de massa de NPs. A modulação temporal do feixe de luz permite determinar o coeficiente Soret ST negativo, as NPs migram para regiões quentes. Este é proporcional à compressibilidade do sistema de NPs. Um modelo de Carnahan-Starling é proposto para descrever a dependência com Φ da compressibilidade e de ST numa gama de valores baixos de Φ onde as amostras permanecem fluidas, longe da transição vítrea
Jalled, Ouissem. "Caractérisation basse fréquence de ferrofluides et de couches minces magnétiques entourées par une nappe de courant, selon un design original." Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STET4005.
Full textDuring this thesis I initially studied the magneto-dielectric properties of ferrofluids (primary variations of their permittivity in the presence of a d-c magnetic field) then the permeability of these magnetic liquids by using the method of the split torus. Among the objectives of DIOM laboratory is the realization of ultra high frequencies passive components with thin layers. Those can be obtained at the Laboratory by radio frequency cathodic sputtering. It is necessary to know their permeability. The methods described up to now in the literature are well adapted to measurement of layers with high permeability. The measurement loop, surrounding the magnetic layer with its substrate, is sensitive to the contribution of both media. I propose an inductive measurement technique taking into account only the characteristics of the layer desposited where the loop surrounds exclusively the layer. This technique was validated on a large scale and preliminary measurements were carried out on thin layers of BaM and YIG deposited on alumina substrate. These measurements enabled to detect the various difficulties and sources of error and to solve them. The prototypes dimensions are relatively large (2cm X 5cm) involving, being given the dimensions of the target (75 mm diameter), a certain variation of the layers' thickness profile. However some tests involving close the edge strips showed that it didn't lead to prohibitary errors. Finally, I could measure a relative permeability of 25 for thin film of YIG, with a precision of about 10%
Sousa, Marcelo Henrique. "Propriétés magnétiques et magnéto-optiques de fluides magnétiques à base de nanoparticules de ferrites de nickel, de cuivre et de zinc." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066591.
Full textGwak, Jihye. "Synthèse et caractérisation de membranes inorganiques poreuses présentant des propriétés magnétiques spécifiques." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20058.
Full textClaracq, Jérôme. "Comportement viscoélastique de fluides magnétorhéologiques." Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU3026.
Full textKhelfallah, Malika. "Magnetic properties of ferrofluids of self-assembled nano-magnets." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS502.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to explore the effects of the assembly caused by dipolar magnetic interactions between magnetic nanoparticles suspended in a liquid (so-called ferrofluid) on the magnetic properties of this ferrofluid. It is based on the in-depth characterization of ferrofluids made up of flower-shaped nanoparticles composed of hard magnetic materials such as cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4), or soft magnetic materials such as manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) and maghemite (γ- Fe2O3). The magnetic properties of these ferrofluids were measured using standard magnetometry methods, highlighting the significant influence of the chemical composition of the nanoparticles on the macroscopic characteristics of the ferrofluid. In addition, this research focused on the structuring of nanoparticles in liquid ferrofluid, by observing isolated particles, as well as the formation of assemblies and aggregates, using a cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy method, with a protocol developed specifically during the thesis. The impact of nanoparticle morphology on their magnetic properties was explored using tomography, three-dimensional imaging of nanoparticles, in collaboration with the IPCMS laboratory in Strasbourg. At the nanoscale, the magnetic properties of the assemblies were measured using electron holography, in collaboration with the CEMES laboratory in Toulouse. The study of binary ferrofluids, defined as ferrofluid mixtures composed of nanoparticles of hard and soft magnetic materials, has enabled new dipolar magnetic interactions to be explored. These new materials allow creating ferrofluids with novel properties that may be of interest for biomedical applications. These binary ferrofluids have revealed original bulk magnetic properties that differ from the simple addition of the individual properties of the original ferrofluids. In addition, the organization of nanoparticles in the binary ferrofluid has been meticulously studied using chemically selective and spatially resolved transmission X-ray microscopy on the HERMES beamline at the SOLEIL synchrotron, yielding chemical mappings of CoFe2O4 and MnFe2O4 nanoparticle assemblies. The separation of the magnetic contributions of the two types of nanoparticles composing the binary ferrofluid was achieved using a magnetometry technique known as the FORC (First Order Reversal Curve) diagram, in collaboration with the IPGP laboratory. FORC diagrams were used to assess the influence of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles on the magnetic behavior of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles in the binary ferrofluid. In addition, spectroscopic measurements of chemically selective magnetization curves were carried out using a liquid cell for in-situ ferrofluid measurements, with experiments carried out on the GALAXIES beamline at the SOLEIL synchrotron. Finally, a comparison of the magnetic properties of different binary ferrofluids was undertaken, by varying the ratio between hard and soft magnetic components, the composition of the soft material as well as the size of the nanoparticles, thus providing a comprehensive perspective on the design and optimization possibilities of these advanced magnetic materials. This thesis establishes a significant relationship between the structuring of nanoparticles in ferrofluid and their magnetic properties
Daveze, Pascal. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés magnéto-optiques des liquides magnétiques : applications opto-électroniques." Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STET4008.
Full textSleiman, Hussein. "Systèmes de suspension semi-active à base de fluide magnétorhéologique pour l’automobile." Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENAM0020.
Full textIn the automotive field, semi-active suspensions based on magnetorheological (MR) fluid put forward a very interesting compromise between high performance and low power consumption. These devices have adjustable properties and damping parameter that can be controlled thereby optimize in real time their behavior over a wide frequency range of excitations. Under an external magnetic field, the MR fluids see their viscosity increases, with a response time lower than few milliseconds. In this dissertation, we present the design of a MR damper and an experimental test bench for a scaled-down semi-active suspension. The static and dynamic characterization of the damper is shown. Experimental evaluation of the damping force according to dynamic and electrical variables is presented and compared with the specifications used to assess the design method proposed. A Bingham model is proposed for the static behaviour of the damper whereas the dynamic behaviour is explained by a Bouc-Wen model. The last part of this study concerns the development and validation of several control and strategy laws for semi-active suspensions, in particular innovative laws based on model inversion EMR. A comparison performances study from comfort and power consumption point of view of each law is presented. Compared to existing control laws, these new control laws shown very interesting performances while reducing power consumption
Skalski, Pawell. "Analyse des propriétés viscoplastiques du fluide magnétorhéologique dans des conditions de travail d'un amortisseur." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE2003/document.
Full textThe main goal of this dissertation is a mathematical description and an analysis of viscoplasticproperties of magnetorheological fluid, in operational conditions of the damper’s work, as well as the determining the optimum, in view of indicated values of parameters, size of the gap for the MR fluid to flow, in these devices. A detailed analysis of literature was made. The scope of research work has been limited to two types of magnetorheological devices: the shock absorber LORD RD 1005-3 and the MR damper prototype T-MR SiMR -132 DG. On the basis of performed experiments, it has been estimated i.e.: conventional yield point and the maximum shear stress of analyzed MR fluid, including variable shear rate, intensity of current flowing in a solenoid, liquid’s temperature and the gap height. Identified viscoplastic models were used to develop a simulation that verifies the proposed mathematical model which describes the behaviour of MR fluid in operating gap of machine’s head, with data derived from performed experiments
Thoumire, Olivier. "Influence de la nitruration en lit fluidisé sur les propriétés structurales, mécaniques et magnétiques d'alliages FeSi et FeSiAl." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES003.
Full textLopes, Filomeno Cleber. "Dispersions de nanoparticules magnétiques de type coeur-coquille MFe2O4@g-Fe2O3 dans des solvants polaires : réactivité électrochimique et rôle de l'interface oxyde/solution sur les propriétés colloïdales." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066673/document.
Full textDispersions of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) in polar solvents have been inspiring many applications, to cite a few, biomedical, industrial and thermoelectrical ones. Also called ferrofluids (FFs), they are usually colloidal dispersions of magnetic spinel ferrite NPs, which can be stabilized thanks to electrostatic repulsion. A good understanding of the interface between NPs and the carrier solvent is thus a key point, which governs the interparticle interactions, the nanostructure and many other applicative properties. We study here the electrochemical reactivity of core-shell ferrite MFe2O4@ Fe2O3 (M=Fe,Co,Mn,Cu,Zn) NPs in aqueous medium. Square-wave voltammetry and potential controlled coulometry techniques are used on these non-conventional electroactive systems in order to evidence the shell of maghemite ( Fe2O3), the main function of which is to ensure the thermodynamical stability of NPs in acidic medium. We also present a new process for the elaboration of maghemite based FF in polar solvents, tested in water and applied to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Departing from the point of zero charge, the NPs are charged in a controlled way by adding acid or base, which enables us to better control the charge and the counter-ions nature, as well as the amount of free electrolyte in the dispersion. Stable dispersions are obtained thanks to electrostatic repulsion, also in DMSO. Small Angle X-ray scattering and Dynamic Light Scattering are used to understand the nanostructure and quantify the interparticle interactions. Specific ionic effects are evidenced as well as the strong influence of the solid/liquid interface on the migration of the NPs in a thermal gradient
Shirzadfar, Hamidreza. "Conception et réalisation d'un biocapteur à GMR pour la caractérisation de milieux biologiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0045/document.
Full textThe intent of this thesis is to develop bio-sensors based on giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and the associated conditioning electronics, to characterize magnetically organic ferrofluids. This work was done in collaboration with Pr Sotoshi YAMADA of the Institute "Nature and Environmental Technology" at the University of Kanazawa. The first part focuses on the state of the art and the methods for magnetic properties measurements of ferrofluids and the description of the GMR effect. The second part concerns the introduction of a measuring device to determine and characterize the value of the sensitivity of each sensor. This sensitivity is a crucial parameter for any biomedical application. Its knowledge allows optimization of sensors ability to measure very low magnetic parameters of ferrofluids very precisely. The third experimental part describes measurements of relative permeability (µr) and susceptibility (X) of magnetic ferrofluids with GMR sensors I, II. In addition, to confirm the experimental results obtained with these sensors, we have compared them to those obtained with other methods such as vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) or by theoretical calculations. The fourth and last chapter presents the experimental results of the relative permeability and susceptibility of a magnetic marker used to detect pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli O157: H7)
Hajiani, Pouya. "New magnetic stimulation routes with magnetic nanoparticles from process intensification in chemical engineering." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29833/29833.pdf.
Full textMagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted significant interest in diverse areas of engineering and research. Particle size and magnetic properties of suspended MNPs in a suspension allow their manipulation at a distance using appropriate external magnetic fields. In particular by enabling additional functionality in forms anchored to metal catalysts, enzymes or therapeutic drug agents. Owing to this feature, MNPs have been involved in many applications where mixing in micro-scale is also a critical issue, e.g., catalytic reaction, separation and drug delivery. This thesis explores MNPs as nano-scale devices to manipulate mixing in micro-scale when the whole system is subject to magnetic fields. All the experiments were performed in tubular two-pole, three-phase stator winding magnet, generating uniform rotating magnetic field (RMF), oscillating magnetic field (OMF) and stationary magnetic field (SMF). Initially, we present a mixing technique in which a RMF converts MNPs into nano-stirrers generating small vortices in liquid phase. Using this technique, self-diffusion coefficient of motionless water in a static diffusion cell was intensified up to 200 folds. Systematic studies of operating parameters revealed that the extent of enhancement depends on MNP volume fraction, and strength and frequency in magnetic field. In order to understand the effect of hydrodynamic torque on the MNPs behavior under magnetic fields, convective flow was also included. As such, axial dispersion of pressure-driven laminar Poiseuille flows in a capillary tube (Taylor dispersion test) was examined through a series of impulse (residence time distribution) RTD tests with and without RMF. This resulted in lateral mixing along the channel that was promoted relative to that in absence of MNPs or magnetic field. Moreover, we interpreted the observed hydrodynamic effects of such lateral mixing on laminar velocity profile as resulting from an approach to plug flow-like flat velocity profile. Using the same technique, the effect of OMF and SMF on Taylor dispersion and laminar velocity profile was examined in capillary flows. OMF did not induce nano-convective mixing in the capillary and had negligible impact on axial dispersion. On the contrary, SMF deteriorated lateral mixing of solute tracer and led to velocity profiles deviating from parabolic shape towards more protruded ones. A detailed discussion of magnetic field orientation versus fluid vorticity vector was presented. Finally a multiphase flow case concerned gas-liquid mass transfer from oxygen Taylor bubbles to the liquid in capillaries which was studied using dilute concentration of MNPs as the liquid phase under RMF, OMF and SMF. Experimental results implied that spinning MNPs under RMF improved mixing in the lubricating film that surrounds Taylor bubbles which reflected in a measurable enhancement of kLa. On the contrary, SMF pinned MNPs leading to systematically degraded gas-liquid mass transfer rates whereas axial oscillating magnetic field had no detectable effects on the mass transfer coefficient. Moreover, interaction between magnetic torque and hydrodynamic torque to dominate MNP spin direction was conceived from these results.
Robbes, Anne-sophie. "Nanocomposites à base de particules magnétiques : synthèse et contribution de la dispersion des charges et de la conformation des chaines sur les propriétés de renforcement." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112201/document.
Full textThe mechanical properties of polymeric nanocomposite films can be considerably enhanced by the inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles due to two main effects: (i) the local structure of fillers dispersion and (ii) the potential modification of the chains conformation and dynamics in the vicinity of the filler/polymer interface. However, the precise mechanisms which permit to correlate these contributions at nanometric scale to the macroscopic mechanical properties of the materials are actually poorly described. In such a context, we have synthesized model nanocomposites based on magnetic nanoparticles of maghemite γ-Fe2O3 (naked or grafted with a polystyrene (PS) corona by radical controlled polymerization) dispersed in a PS matrix, that we have characterized by combining small angle scattering (X-Ray and neutron) and transmission electronic microscopy. By playing on different parameters such as the particle size, the concentration, or the size ratio between the grafted chains and the ones of the matrix in the case of the grafted fillers, we have obtained nanocomposite films a large panel of controlled and reproducible controlled filler structures, going from individual nanoparticles or fractal aggregates up to the formation of a connected network of fillers. By applying an external magnetic field during the film processing, we succeeded in aligning the different structures along the direction of the field and we obtained materials with remarkable anisotropic reinforcement properties. The conformation of the chains of the matrix, experimentally determined thanks to the specific properties of neutron contrast of the system, is not affected by the presence of the fillers, whatever their confinement, the dispersion the fillers or their chemical state surface. The alignment of the fillers along the magnetic field has allowed us to describe precisely the evolution of the reinforcement modulus of the materials with the structural reorganization of the fillers and the chains at the local scale under stretching, and thus to highlight the key role played by the fillers reorganization under stretching on the nanocomposite reinforcement mechanisms
Darcheville, Marie. "Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles and development of magnetic coatings by fluid processing." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASP005.
Full textThe aim of the study is to develop novel materials with well-controlled magnetic properties for electromagnetic applications like RFID antennas, wireless power transmission, radar absorption… The principle is based on the development of an organized framework in patterns or magnetic domains, defined by their geometry (pattern size, thickness, spacing). The permeability response of such materials is linked to the contributions of created domains and walls, giving rise to a “multi-band” material with separate and distinct peaks on its permeability spectrum. The development of such material is studied through fluid processing from iron oxide nanoparticles. A Zn₀.₄Fe₂.₆O₄ material composition is selected in order to provide a high saturation magnetization and a low dielectric permittivity to ensure the penetration of the electromagnetic wave in the coating.The nanoparticles are synthesized by microwave-assisted thermal decomposition. Two ranges of sizes are chosen: superparamagnetic particles (diameter below 20 nm) and ferrimagnetic ones. Two processing methods from stable particle dispersions are discussed: airbrushing followed by a laser etching, and inkjet printing. Several physico-chemical characterizations, at local and global scales, have been performed. An annealing is required to densify the material, but does not provide a suitable density for the desired application. An in-depth study of the static and dynamic magnetic properties of nanoparticles and coatings is done, and correlated to their microstructure through modeling from the molecular field theory. Many guidelines are suggested for the development of a multiband magnetic material
Chakraborty, Akash. "Effets des inhomogénéités nanométriques sur les propriétés magnétiques de systèmes magnétiques dilués." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947328.
Full textCabreira, Gomes Rafael. "Dispersions de nanoparticules magnétiques de structure coeur/coquille : propriétés magnétiques et thermodiffusion." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066568/document.
Full textOur objective is to understand how the magnetic properties of nanoparticles (NPs) can be affected by their size reduction and their chemical composition, and also to determine their role on their thermophoretic motion and on the magneto-caloric effect. For this purpose, aqueous ferrofluids are synthesized with core-shell NPs based on a core of Mn-ferrite, Co-ferrite and mixed Zn-Mn ferrites, coated with a maghemite shell. The magnetic measurements evidence a ferrimagnetic core, covered with disordered frozen spins (SGL), driving an exchange bias phenomenon shifting the hysteresis loops, when the system is cooled under a field Hfc. This exchange bias is measured as a function of Hfc, in samples with NPs having either a hard (CoFe2O4) or a soft (MnFe2O4) magnetic core. Whatever the nature of the magnetic core, the exchange bias field grows up to reach a maximum, always found at Hfc of the order of half of the anisotropy field. The thermophoretic properties of the dispersions, probed by Forced Rayleigh Scattering, are ruled by colloidal physico-chemical features (surface ligand, counter ions, interparticle interactions) whatever the chemical composition and the magnetic properties in zero magnetic field. The Soret coefficient is found here negative (thermophilic NPs) and is related to the osmotic compressibility, modeled by an effective Carnahan-Staring formalism. In the dilute regime, the friction follows an Einstein law, while a Vogel-Fulcher formalism describes the concentrated regime, at the approach of the glass transition. The magneto-caloric measurements demonstrate a similarity with commercial materials. They are strongly influenced by the core composition
Ricard, Serge. "Fibres et papier à propriétés magnétiques." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59624.
Full textWe have also developed a "chemical" process for the preparation of magnetic fibers which consists of using a cellulosic substrate with ion-exchange properties for Fe(II), i.e. Na-carboxymethylcellulose, as a host matrix for the growth of very small iron oxide particles. The in situ oxidation reaction of Fe(OH)$ sb2$ in the fiber cell walls yielded to superparamagnetic ferrite particles of about 100 A.
Because magnetism is a value added property for paper, our specialty fibers allow exploration of new concepts in papermaking (e.g. fiber orientation during paper formation), information storage, paper handling in copiers, magnetographic printing, etc.
Beaubras, Felicien. "Nouveaux metallophosphonates lamellaires à propriétés magnétiques." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC217.
Full textThis PhD work concerns the search of new hybrid layered metallophosphonate compounds synthesized by the hydrothermal way from original phosphonic acids. These materials were obtained from 3d transition metal salts (Co2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Zn2+) and organic ligands with at least one phosphonic acid function grafted on a rigid aromatic ring like phenyl, benzyl, naphthalene or benzothiadiazol. The presence of grafted functions on these rigid platforms (hydroxides, nitro) as well as the number of reactive functions have led to bidimensional hybrid materials with various structures and physical properties (magnetism, luminescence). For some of these compounds, we have explored the possibility to modulate their magnetic properties by substitution during their syntheses. The establishment of the link between structure and properties of these materials contributes to the discovery of new metallophosphonates with targeted properties
Greget, Romain. "Propriétés magnétiques de nanoparticules d’or fonctionnalisées." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6195.
Full textThe observation of magnetic properties in gold nanoparticles, capped by a variety of organic ligands, has been widely investigated since its first discovery, a decade ago. In fact, the manifestation of a blocked magnetic moment in nanoparticles made of diamagnetic materials is pretty unusual. Despite the huge amount of papers dealing with the magnetic properties of metallic nanoparticles, no theory up to now was able to fully explain this kind of behavior, nor the lack of reproducibility between all the results published in the literature by several independent groups. We then had the idea to perform complementary measurements, in order to discover the origin of this magnetism. In a first time, we had to synthesize many batches of nanoparticles. Getting gold nanoparticles having well defined size and shape, with a good reproducibility has shown to be not as easy as it seemed, and required the use of a huge variety of synthetic routes described in literature. Once this crucial step was mastered, the nanoparticles were carefully purified and characterized. Then, their magnetic properties were investigated by using SQUID magnetometry, nuclear (NMR) and electronic (ESR) spectroscopy, or element specific techniques such as XMCD. The obtained results led us to propose a new theory to explain the magnetism in gold, and in a more general way, in metallic nanoparticles. Our idea is that permanent currents can flow in such objects, and can lead to the observation of magnetic moment. This model explains all experimental results observed in this work and in the literature, in contradiction with previous models described
Menardo, Christine. "La polyaniline : propriétés magnétiques et conductivité." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10099.
Full textFolcke, Emeric. "Structure et magnétisme d'alliages nanostructurés FePt et FeAu." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES054.
Full textThis thesis focuses on synthesis and characterization of FePt and FeAu nanostructured equiatomic alloys, in the search for new functional alloys for magnetic recording. First, the FePt alloy has been investigated as thin layers (thickness 100 nm). The effects of thermal annealing and Pb heavy ion irradiation (900 MeV) on the degree of crystallographic order and, therefore, on the magnetic properties were studied. Second, ordered FePt nanoparticles of about 5 nm in diameter were obtained and analysed by atom probe tomography. We also investigated both structural and magnetic nanoparticles of FeAu nanoparticles, less than 10 nm in size, coated or not in a metal matrix. The structural diversity of the nanoparticles was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. This diversity is accompanied by a variety of magnetic behaviours, revealed by the presence of the metal matrix. The influence of a structural change, obtained after thermal annealing or Pb heavy ion irradiation was also studied. This work highlighted the importance of the degree of structural order of FePt and FeAu phases on their magnetic properties. We also showed the influence of the matrix coating the nanoparticles on their structural and magnetic properties. We showed the existence of an anisotropic exchange coupling between nanoparticles dispersed in a metal matrix. The existence of this coupling has been correlated with the presence of different magnetic behaviours in relation with the dispersion of crystallinity
Chanier, Thomas. "Propriétés magnétiques et structure électronique des semi-conducteurs magnétiques dilués de type II-VI." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363983.
Full textL'étude ab initio des couplages d'échange entre deux ions magnétiques premiers voisins montre l'insuffisance de la fonctionnelle LSDA (approximation de la densité locale polarisée en spin) pour décrire l'état fondamental des DMS. Grâce à la LSDA+U, qui prend en compte la corrélation forte des électrons des couches 3d des métaux de transition par une correction de type Hubbard, on obtient des constantes d'échange d-d antiferromagnétiques (AFM) de l'ordre de quelques meV pour les composés à base de Co et Mn non-dopés électriquement. Le dopage de type p permet d'obtenir des températures de Curie ferromagnétiques (FM) de l'ordre de 100 K. Les valeurs LSDA+U des couplages d'échange sp-d N\alpha (N\beta) entre électrons (trous) de la bande de conduction (de valence) et impuretés magnétiques sont FM (AFM) de l'ordre de 0.1 eV (-1 eV). Un modèle analytique de la structure électronique des DMS montre la présence d'un état localisé séparé de la bande de valence dans les composés à base de ZnO (N\beta fortement AFM) due à l'hybridation forte entre les états 3d de l'impureté magnétique et la bande de valence.
L'état fondamental des lacunes neutres isolées dans les semi-conducteurs II-VI est examiné par une combinaison de calculs ab initio et analytiques. On montre que la lacune de Zn dans ZnO porte un spin S=1 en accord avec l'expérience. Dans les autres composés II-VI moins ioniques, cet état triplet est quasi-dégénéré avec un état singulet de spin nul. Les lacunes d'anions sont non-magnétiques.
Albrecht, Marc. "Propriétés magnétiques des oxydes de vanadium +IV." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30087.
Full textHamzaoui, Rabah. "Mécanosynthèse et propriétés magnétiques d'alliages Fe-Ni." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2036.
Full textInfluence of the milling time on the structure and the magnetic properties of the alloys Fe-10%Ni and Fe-20%Ni is carried out using a planetary high-energy ball mill (Retsch PM 400). For both alloys studied, a disordered body centred cubic solid solution forms after 24 h milling time. The steady-state grain size is: 10 nm. The reduction of the grain size increases the saturation magnetization (227 et 219 Am2 /kg) and decreases the coercivity (de 200 et 110 A/m) for Fe-10%Ni and Fe-20%Ni respectively. Milling conditions effect (variation of the ratio / , speed rotation of the disc, speed rotation of the vials) on the magnetic properties of these same alloys for 36 h of milling is carried out using a planetary high-energy ball mill P4 vario ball mill from Fritch. The higher the shock power, the larger the bcc lattice parameter and the lower the grain size. In the friction mode, the lower the crystallite size, the lower the lattice strain conditions. In the shock mode, the lower the crystallite size, the higher the lattice strain. The highest values of the coercivity have been found in the shock mode. Lastly an artificial neural network (ANN) methodology is applied to relate the power-milling process parameters to the magnetic properties of Fe-10%Ni and Fe-20%Ni alloys for 36 h of milling. An optimization procedure based on ANN training and testing steps has been developed to predict magnetic properties over a large range of process parameters
Kitenbergs, Guntars. "Instabilités hydrodynamiques de fluides magnétiques en écoulements microfluidiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066311/document.
Full textMagnetic field induced instabilities of magnetic fluids in microfluidic environment are investigated experimentally. Electrically stabilized water-based magnetic nanocolloids are used and throughout characterized.Magnetic micro-convection, observed at a miscible magnetic fluid-water interface in a Hele-Shaw cell in homogeneous field, is studied quantitatively and compared with theoretical predictions and numerical simulations, micro-convective flows being characterized by particle image velocimetry. Besides the critical field determination, it is shown that an increase of the magnetic field H speeds up the finger growth, which scales as H2, while the size of the fingering pattern is not changed. An application towards mixing enhancement in microfluidics is considered.The micro-convection study reveals a much larger effective diffusion coefficient of the nanoparticles than expected from Stokes - Einstein relation and standard determinations. Investigations with the same setup and with continuous microfluidics show that the effective diffusion mostly arises from a flow induced by the density difference between the miscible fluids. Additionally, the diffusion coefficient seems to be influenced by the particle stabilizing agents.Drops of a concentrated magnetic phase in co-existence with a dilute one are formed by phase separation after salt addition to the magnetic fluid and/or the application of a magnetic field. Their under-field shape deformations allow investigating the time evolution of the concentrated phase. Experiments show that in a precessing field at magic angle, the drops behave as in a rotating field except the initial shape deformation before quick elongation
Konn-Martin, Anne-Marie. "Propriétés magnétiques des ferrites doux polycristallins en présence d'un champ magnétique polarisant." Brest, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BRES2013.
Full textBorme, Jérôme. "Alliage antiferromagnétique MnPt : croissance, propriétés magnétiques et structurales." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00159060.
Full textLouis, Delphine. "Etude mathématique des propriétés magnétiques du gaz quantique." Toulon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUL0005.
Full textWillemin, Stéphanie. "Organisation et dimensionnalité de composés à propriétés magnétiques." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20137.
Full textFourmental, Cynthia. "Etude structurale d'interfaces organiques/métalliques avec propriétés magnétiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC112/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study at micrometric scale and nanoscale the structure of materials of interest for organic spintronics, focusing in particular on two crucial aspects to obtain good devices quality: molecular/metal interfaces and organic layers. In order to compare our results with theoretical predictions, we have used metallic single crystals and molecular deposition under ultra-high vacuum, allowing the obtention of high quality samples. We focused our study on two systems, one based on C60 and Cobalt and the other based on spin crossover molecules and Gold.To elucidate the structure of our samples, we used scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray scattering, two techniques that are complementary, one probing the local organization and the other the global otganization of the system. The results obtained were compared to ab initio calculations carried out on the same systems. Regarding the deposition of C60 molecules on a Co (0001) substrate, we have been able to demonstrate that the annealing of the sample leads to a structural transition of the interface, with the creation of Cobalt vacancies under each molecules, forming a periodic network. Before annealing, the molecular layer also exhibits high crystallinity. The Cobalt deposition on this molecular crystal causes a contraction of the lattice, due to Cobalt diffusion into interstitial sites. Finally, concerning the [FeII (HB (3,5- (CH3) 2Pz) 3) 2] spin-crossover complex deposited on Au (111), we have demonstrated an unexpected epitaxial relationship between the molecular lattice and the substrate
Bloyet, Clarisse. "Métallophosphates bidimensionnels luminescents et magnétiques : relation structure-propriétés." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC241/document.
Full textThis PhD work deals with the study of new lamellar magnetic and luminescent organic-inorganic hybrid materials synthesized by hydrothermal process. These materials were obtained from 3d transition metal salts (Cu2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Zn2+) and low symmetric organic molecules bearing at least one phosphonic acid function grafted onto a rigid aromatic platform (phenyl or naphthalene). The choice of the metal cation as well as additional functions (halogen: F, Cl, Br, I, carboxylic acid or methyl) on these cyclic systems led to two-dimensional hybrid materials with various architectures and physical properties (luminescence, magnetism and/or magnetoelectric coupling). Understanding the interconnections between the structural and physical properties of these metal phosphonates paves the way for the design of novel multifunctional materials
Moussaoui, Djelloul. "Propriétés bidimensionnelles statiques et dynamiques des tôles magnétiques." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0147.
Full textLe, Naour Sandrine. "Pertes en champ propre et longitudinal dans les conducteurs supraconducteurs 50Hz." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA2056.
Full textFor a few years, the increasing interest in the applications of the limiters type has incited us to study the behaviour of conductors with ultra-fine superducting filaments in self field conditions. The study is extended to conductors subject to a longitudinal magnetic field varying in phase with the transport current. This field configuration is encountered in the case of assembled conductors. The knowledge of current distributions of electric and magnetic fieds in the multi-filamentary composite is necessary for an appropriate description of their properties in the variable operation conditions. That is why a model for the calculation of current distributions was developed, which allows the losses to be deduced. The model proposed considers both intrinsinc characteristics (current-voltage curve, critical current variation in the presence of a magnetic field) and the geometrical characteristics (twist pitch, etc). In order to validate this theoretical model, we have studied and developed a local loss measurement method (thermometric method). The measurement station installed allows linear loss densities to be measured from 2mW/m with a 10% accuracy. This loss measurement method, rapid and easy to be implemented, can be envisaged for a systematic characterization of the conductors at the end of manufacture (quality control). In self field, the loss densities calculated by the numerical model are in good accordance with the experimental results. In addition, the study of losses and of conductor stability shows that strands with ultra-fine filaments would not be necessary for applications in self field. Finally, the application of a longitudinal induction modifies the loss densities and the conductor stability. The experiences made reveal that the origin of the instability is rather electromagnetic than thermal or mechanical
Tatulcenkovs, Andrejs. "Dynamique non-linéaire de la surface d'un liquide magnétique dans une cellule de Hele-Shaw." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077170.
Full textThe instabilities of the magnetic fluid free interface in a Hele-Shaw cell under the action of a uniform magnetic field and input of an external energy are studied. The nonlinear dynamics of a rising bubble in the vertical Hele-Shaw cell with magnetic fluid under the action of perpendicular field is considered. By linear stability analysis it is shown that the increments of the growth of the interface perturbation modes do not depend upon the gravitational force. This result is confirmed by numerical simulation of the bubble dynamics, which is based on the boundary integral equation technique. For the numerical solution of the bubble interface evolution equation the pseudospectral technique with small scale decomposition is used. By numerical simulation of the bubble dynamics the Hopf bifurcation to the oscillatory regime is found. It is shown as at larger values of the magnetic Bond number the dynamics of the bubbles becomes rather complicated. The free surface instability of magnetic fluid in the Hele-Shaw with time dependent gap is theoretically and numerically studied. Numerical results illustrate the role of magnetic forces in the instability - they diminish the selected wavelength of the interface perturbation, lead to more pronounced tip splitting events, and select the mode by which the droplet restores the circular shape at large thickness of the gap, when the role of the capillary forces is larger. The behavior of magnetic fluid ring in Hele-Shaw cell with magnetic field is analyzed, both theoretically and numerically. A new stabilizing effect of the thin strip by the magnetic interaction is found. It is also shown that magnetic field stabilizes the magnetic fluid ring and does not allow to break into discrete droplets
Serres, Arnaud. "Synthèse de nanoparticules magnétiques par implantation ionique de manganèse dans le GaAs : étude structurale et propriétés magnétiques." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30110.
Full textJaafar, Rached. "Structure et magnétisme de couches minces de germaniure de fer déposées sur Ge(111)." Mulhouse, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MULH3055.
Full textSemiconductor-based spin electronic devices have raised considerable interest in the last few years. Ln particular, room temperature spin injection from a ferromagnet (FM) into a semiconductor (SC) requires FM/SC heterostructures with high Curie temperature, single crystal quality, abrupt interface and no magnetically dead layer at the interface. Until now, only one promising FM/Ge heterostructure, namely the Fe3Si/Ge(lll) system, has been found. Here we report the epitaxial growth of ultrathin ferromagnetic iron germanide layer on Ge( I l l ) thal could be another attractive candidate for spintronic applications. Morphology, crystallographic structure and magnetic properties of the iron germanide films have been investigated in situ by STM, LEED, XPD and ex situ by H RTEM, XRD and MOKE. Iron germanide layers were obtained through Fe and Ge codeposition at RT and subsequent annealing up to 300°C. These single crystal layers adopt the hcxagonal lnNi2 (B82) structure. The interface between the germanide layer and the Ge substrate is of high perfection. Layers are ferromagnctie wilh a Curie temperature well above room temperature for thickness above 2nm. Whatever the thickness the magnetic easy axis lies in the film plane and the magnetic anisotropy is extremely small. We have detected a slight reduction of the magnetization at th interfaces but no magnetically dead interfacial layer forms. Lnterestingly, both the high crystalline order and the abrupt interface are thermally stable up to 300°C. Moreover the post-annealing leads to an unexpected perfect smoothing of the germanide surface and do not affect the magnetization, in particular at the interface. This result opens the way for the fabrication of high quality iron germanide/Ge heterostructures
Feldner, Hélène. "Propriétés magnétiques de systèmes à deux dimensions : système frustré de spins sur réseau carré et propriétés magnétiques de systèmes finis de graphènes." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6180.
Full textThis thesis is about the magnetic properties of two different two dimensional systems. The first one corresponds to vanadates or cuprate crystals, which can be studied by a spin system on square lattice and a Heisenberg model with three couplings, a ferromagnetic first neighbor coupling and antiferromagnetic second and third neighbor couplings. This system is frustrated and lead to a non trivial classical phase diagram. We have studied the influence of quantum fluctuation using a Holstein-Primakov approach and the Schwinger bosons model. The second system studied corresponds to graphene of finite size. To study this system we use a mean field approximation of the Hubbard model. In a first step we recover within our method well known results and check that the model has been correctly implemented. In a second step, in order to assess the accuracy of this method, we perform complementary exact diagonalization calculations, and compare our results with quantum Monte Carlo simulations. And in the last part we will show evidence of a dynamical signature of the zigzag edge magnetization of finite sample of graphene
Mazaleyrat, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés de matériaux magnétiques nanostructurés." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00137137.
Full textDans un premier temps, nous tenterons de définir les concepts scientifique qui caractérisent la science des nanomatériaux dans son ensemble et de proposer une nouvelle classification des nanomatériaux. Nous ferons appel aussi bien à des théories scientifiques établies qu'à une étude étymologique aux frontières de la physique et de la sémantique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous livrerons à une série "d'expériences théoriques" sur le nanomagnétisme, c'est à dire que nous nous efforcerons, en partant du concept d'anisotropie aléatoire, d'introduire des concepts théoriques originaux dans la simulation des propriétés magnétiques des matériaux nanostructurés. Dans un troisième temps enfin, nous tenterons de faire une analyse critique des travaux menés jusqu'à aujourd'hui dans le domaine des matériaux nanocristallisés à partir d'un précurseur amorphe et de leurs transitions magnétiques variées à haute température (superparamagnétisme, couplages d'échange...), sur les matériaux composités doux à base de nanopoudres et sur la structure magnétique des nanoparticules. Enfin, nous tenterons d'en tirer des conclusions utiles pour l'orientation des actions futures.
Dos, Santos Maria Elenice. "Mise en forme et propriétés magnétiques de manganites multiferroïques." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059303.
Full textZakhia, Georges. "Synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés magnétiques de nano-aimants moléculaires." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112071.
Full textIn the first part of this thesis, we studied the magnetic anisotropy of pentacoordinated mononuclear Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes possessing geometries from square pyramid to trigonal bipyramid. We have shown that, for a given geometry, the metal ion nature has an important influence on the magnetic anisotropy.Then, we studied for a given metal ion the effect of geometry on its magnetic anisotropy. In the case of a trigonal bipyramidal geometry (C3v symmetry), we showed that Co(II) has an Ising type anisotropy (easy axis of magnetization) and thus a blocking of magnetization that leads to an opening of a hysteresis cycle at low temperature. This type of complexes can be used for storing data albeit at low temperature.In the second part of the work, we studied the magnetic properties of binuclear complexes. A binuclear Co(II) complex bridged by two Cl- has a weak ferromagnetic coupling and a blocking of its magnetization.Finally, another aspect of this work was to design binuclear complexes, where two anisotropic ions having each one an easy axis of magnetization, are weakly antiferromagnetically coupled. To do this, we have studied compounds with cryptand ligands where the geometry around the Co (II) is trigonal bipyramid. We found that with a Cl- or Br- bridging ligand, the exchange interaction is much more important than the local anisotropy of Co(II) ions leading to a magnetic behavior where the ions lose their local character. This work opens up prospects for synthesizing the same type of complex but with larger bridges to decrease the intensity of the antiferromagnetic coupling
Mallet, Jérémy. "Electrodéposition et propriétés magnétiques de nanofils d'alliage CoxPt1-x." Reims, 2004. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000023.pdf.
Full textThe constant drive in the fabrication of magnetic recording media to increase the aerial density has implied to use another storage process such as perpendicular recording. To this end, new materials with strong perpendicular anisotropy, high coercive field and nanoscaled grain size are required. CoxPt1-x alloy is an excellent candidate due to the large magnetocrystalline anisotropy associated with its ordered face centred tetragonal phase (L10). CoxPt1-x nanowires have been electrodeposited into the nanopores of two different substrates: polycarbonate membranes or alumina membranes supported on doped Si wafers. The properties of the nanowires have been studied in both their as-deposited and annealed states. The crystalline structure and alloying composition have been systematically analyzed by X-Ray diffraction, TEM and EDX. The magnetic properties have been measured by VSM and SQUID magnetometers. The as-deposited nanowires have a metastable fcc structure and exhibit a quite hard ferromagnetic behavior. Magnetic characteristics, such as saturated magnetization, coercive field or magnetic reversal process, have been determined. The annealed nanowires can show different crystalline structures (fcc, L10 or L12) depending on both the alloy composition and the heat treatment processing. Influence of several factors on the magnetic properties of the nanowires, such as substrate nature, annealing conditions and measurement temperature, has been investigated. Very promising results were obtained with nanowires of 80 nm in diameter embedded in the alumina membrane, which exhibit a coercive field higher than 10 kOe at room temperature
Ould, Mohamed Lemine Mohamed Abdellahi. "Propriétés structurales et magnétiques des superréseaux Fe/Ir(100)." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10128.
Full textCompain, Jean-Daniel. "Synthèse de polyoxométallates fonctionnalisés à propriétés optiques ou magnétiques." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0021.
Full textSeveral sandwich-type polyoxotungstates have been synthesized either at atmospheric pressure or under hydrothermal conditions. Amongst them a new chromium complex has enlarged the so far underdeveloped family of polyanions incorporating this metal, while several iron complexes have proved remarkable for their magnetic properties, some behaving as single-molecule magnets. Besides, various salts combining a polyanion and a cationic chromophore like a stilbazolium or a spiropyran have been crystallized. Their properties in photochromism, electrochromism or non-linear optics have been studied. Eventually, the reaction of molybenum(V) or molybdenum(VI) precursors with functionalized bisphosphonates has led to unprecedented architectures. Their behaviour in solution, their application towards the synthesis of nanoparticles and, concerning molybdenum(VI) compounds, their photochromic properties, have been investigated
El, Kalkouli Rachid. "Microstructure et propriétés physiques d'alliages magnétiques obtenus par mécanosynthèse." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2313.
Full textHenry, Maurice. "Matériaux amorphes : élaboration, caractérisation, propriétés magnétiques de fontes hypertrempées." Le Mans, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LEMA1008.
Full textCherifi-Khodjaoui, Kheïra. "Caractérisation et propriétés magnétiques du système multicouche gadolinium/fer." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10111.
Full textVernière, Anne. "Etude de siliciures ternaires : élaboration, propriétés structurales et magnétiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10213.
Full textSantos, Maria Elenice dos. "Mise en forme et propriétés magnétiques de manganites multiferroïques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S017/document.
Full textStructural and magnetic properties of Co2MnO4, an inverse spinel structure with spatial group Fd3m and cubic symmetry, were investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (DRX) and using a SQUID magnetometer. Co2MnO4 is a multiferroic compound presenting electrical and magnetic properties due to the presence of the Co and Mn elements, which are distributed on tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the AB2O4 structure. Valence fluctuations of Co and Mn (Co2+/Co3+ and Mn2+/Mn3+/Mn4+) can easily occur and depend on the synthesis procedures and thermal processes, which can change the oxidation states of the metallic cations. In this work, samples of BixCo2-xMnO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) were synthesized, partially replacing Co by Bi, a non magnetic element. A soft chemical route, the modified polymeric precursors method (MPPM) was used. All samples were heat-treated in similar conditions, under a temperature of 1100 ºC (24h). DRX results, associated with Rietveld refinements, showed crystalline materials with similar crystallographic data. The cell parameter of the cubic structure increased with the Bi content. SEM images showed that Bi presence altered the grains sizes (~1 - 10 µm). A spurious phase, rich in Bi, was formed due to both the solubility limit of Bi and the ionic radii of Co (0,65Å) and Bi (1,17Å). In order to solve these questions, synthesis of a new solid solution, the CoxBi2-xMnO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.7), by the MPPM route was attempted. In parallel, a novel elaboration method, the mechanochemical route (MS), was used to synthesize the BixCo2-xMnO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) series. The magnetic results, MxT (Zero‑Field–Cooled / Field–Cooled) cycles, 1/χ-versus-T curves and MxH hysteresis loops, revealed important information about the magnetic nature and oxidation states of the Co and Mn cations. The ferrimagnetic behavior of Co2MnO4 was preserved, with the ZFC/FC curves exhibiting well-defined magnetic transitions and strong irreversibility below TC. Several magnetic parameters, such as TC, Tmax, MFC (extrapolation of the FC curve to T=0), the coercive field HC and MS (saturation magnetization to H= 50 kOe) changed significantly with the Bi content. According to the structural and magnetic results, a charge balance is proposed, (Co2+)[Co2+x(Bi3+,CoIII)1-xMn3+1-xMn4+x]O4, where Co2+ occupies the tetrahedral positions “( )” and is responsible of the antiferromagnetic interactions, all others cations occupying the octahedral sites “[ ]” and are responsible of ferromagnetism. The CoIII cations at the octahedral sites are on a low-spin non-magnetic configuration (S = 0) and they are partially substituted by Bi, also a non-magnetic ion, resulting on an effective moment μeff ~ 8,2 µB, with no change as a function of the Bi content
As propriedades estruturais e magnéticas do composto Co2MnO4, uma estrutura espinélio inversa de grupo espacial Fd3m e simetria cúbica, foram investigadas por difração de raios X e usando um magnetômetro SQUID. Co2MnO4 é um composto multiferróico, exibindo propriedades elétricas e magnéticas devido à presença dos elementos Co e Mn, distribuídos nos sítios tetraédricos e octaédricos da estrutura AB2O4. A flutuação das valências Co2+/Co3+ e Mn2+/Mn3+/Mn4+ podem ocorrer facilmente e estão sujeitas aos processos de síntese e efeitos térmicos, podendo ser associados a estes variações nos estados de oxidação de Co e Mn devido à substituições parciais destes elementos. Neste trabalho foram sintetizadas amostras BixCo2-xMnO4 (0,0 ≤ x ≤ 0,3), sendo o Bi um elemento não magnético. Para tal, uma rota de síntese química, o método MPPM, foi utilizada. Todas as amostras foram submetidas a tratamentos térmicos em condições idênticas, na temperatura de estabilização da fase BixCo2-xMnO4 igual a 1100ºC (24h). Os resultados de DRX e refinamentos de Rietveld mostraram que o método MPPM produziu amostras cristalinas com informações cristalográficas idênticas, exceto no caso do parâmetro de rede que aumentou em dependência ao percentual de Bi. As imagens morfológicas destes materiais mostraram que o Bi alterou a forma e o tamanho dos grãos variando entre (~0,5 – 1,7 µm). Devido ao limite de solubilidade do Bi dentro da rede espinélio e à diferença entre os raios iônicos do Co (0,65Å) e Bi (1,17Å), a formação de uma fase espúria rica em Bi ocorreu. No sentido de solucionar questões como esta, a síntese do sistema CoxBi2-xMnO4 (0,0 ≤ x ≤ 1,7) pela rota MPPM e de BixCo2-xMnO4 (0,0 ≤ x ≤ 0,3) por método de mecanosíntese foram realizadas. Os resultados magnéticos, curvas MxT (Zero Field – Cooled ZFC e Field – Cooled FC); 1/χ versus T e MxH, revelaram informações importantes sobre a disposição dos cátions presentes. O comportamento ferrimagnético de Co2MnO4 foi mantido, com as curvas ZFC e FC mostrando irreversibilidade e transições bem definidas abaixo de TC. No entanto, os valores de TC, Tmáx e MFC (extrapolação da curva FC para T = 0) obtidos por MxT, assim como ΘCW obtidos por 1/χ versus T, e HC e MS (magnetização de saturação para H= 50 kOe) obtidos por MxH sofreram mudanças significativas, as quais foram associadas ao Bi que alterou o ambiente magnético dos materiais. De acordo com os resultados estruturais e magnéticos, um balanço de cargas foi proposto para BixCo2-xMnO4: (Co2+)[Co2+x(Bi3+, CoIII)1-xMn3+1-xMn4+x]O4, sendo os cátions Co2+ nas posições ( ), responsáveis pelas interações AFM e todos os cátions posicionados em [ ] na relação acima, responsáveis pelo caráter FM destes materiais. Os valores de μef = ~ 8,2µB, para todas as amostras BixCo2-xMnO4 (0,0 ≤ x ≤ 0,3), não sofreram alterações. Os cátions CoIII, presentes nos sítios octaédricos, possuem uma configuração de baixo spin (S = 0), o que não implicou em qualquer mudança na soma total dos μef quando da substituição de Co por Bi, uma vez que ambos não são elementos co momentos magnéticos
Lafargue-dit-Hauret, William. "Modélisation des propriétés magnétiques et multiferroïques d'oxydes de cuivre." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S123.
Full textMultiferroic materials, in which magnetism and ferroelectricity coexist, have a great interest for memory devices. A robust magnetoelectric coupling, and a high electric polarization, are required at ambient temperature for these multifunctional materials. This thesis reports theoretical works mainly devoted to characterize magnetic properties of cuprates and other oxide compounds, which could develop such skills. A first part aims at briefly discussing cuprates and fundamental concepts of magnetism and multiferroicity. The second chapter is devoted to the theoretical methods used during these works. The third chapter corresponds to a brief overview of experimental techniques, like SQUID magnetometry or EPR. In the fourth chapter, AFeO₃ (A = Sc, In and Bi) multiferroic hexaferrites and a complex based on chromium centers are considered as a "testing ground" to the establishment of the computational approach. Thanks to the complementarity between ab initio methods, using Density Functional Theory, and simulation techniques as Monte-Carlo or Exact Diagonalization procedures, the entire magnetic phase diagram can be fully described. In chapter 5, a similar strategy is considered for studying the SeCuO₃ compound, which exhibits two decoupled magnetic sub-networks and quantum fluctuations. The last chapter of this thesis focuses on the tuning of the magnetic phases diagrams of CuO, Cu₂OX₂ and CuX₂ compounds (X = F, Cl, Br, I) applying physical (hydrostatic and uniaxial) and chemical pressures