Dissertations / Theses: 'Fluid measurements'

1

Ernst, Herbert. "High resolution thermal measurements in fluids." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963763555.

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Liu, Ying. "Measurements of jet velocity in unstratified and stratified fluids." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19474.

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Khahledi, Morakane Charlotte. "Non-Newtonian fluid flow measurement using sharp crested notches." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1038.

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Master of Technology: Civil Engineering In the Faculty of Engineering At the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2014
Notches, particularly rectangular and V shaped are the cheapest and most common devices used to measure the flow rate of water in open channels. However, they have not been used to measure the flow rate of non-Newtonian fluids. These viscous fluids behave differently from water. It is difficult to predict the flow rate of such fluids during transportation in open channels due to their complex viscous properties. The aim of this work was to explore the possibility of extending the application of especially rectangular and V-shaped notches to non-Newtonian fluids. The tests reported in this document were carried out in the Flow Process and Rheology Centre laboratory. Notches fitted to the entrance of a 10 m flume and an in-line tube viscometer were calibrated using water. The in-line tube viscometer with 13 and 28 mm diameter tubes was used to determine the fluid rheology. Flow depth was determined using digital depth gauges and flow rate measurements using magnetic flow meters. Three different non-Newtonian fluids, namely, aqueous solutions of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and water-based suspensions of kaolin and bentonite were used as model non-Newtonian test fluids. From these the coefficient of discharge (Cd) values and appropriate non-Newtonian Reynolds numbers for each fluid and concentration were calculated. The experimental values of the coefficient of discharge (Cd) were plotted against three different definitions of the Reynolds number. Under laminar flow conditions, the discharge coefficient exhibited a typical dependence on the Reynolds number with slopes of ~0.43-0.44 for rectangular and V notches respectively. The discharge coefficient was nearly constant in the turbulent flow regime. Single composite power-law functions were used to correlate the Cd-Re relationship for each of the two notch shapes used. Using these correlations, the Cd values could be predicted to within ±5% for the rectangular and V notches. This is the first time that such a prediction has been done for a range of non-Newtonian fluids through sharp crested notches. The research will benefit the mining and food processing industries where high concentrations of non-Newtonian fluids are transported to either disposal sites or during processing.

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4

Handford, Peter Mark. "Measurements and calculations in three dimensional separated flow." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8504.

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5

Zhang, Junfang. "Computer simulation of nanorheology for inhomogenous fluids." Australasian Digital Thesis Program, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20050620.095154.

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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, School of Information Technology, Centre for Molecular Simulation - 2005.
A thesis submitted in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Centre for Molecular Simulation, School of Information Technology, Swinburne University of Technology - 2005. Typescript. Bibliography: p. 164-170.

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6

Weber, Amanda Clare. "Visualization and quantitative measurements of flow within a perfused bioreactor." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16907.

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7

Or, Chun-ming, and 柯雋銘. "Flow development in the initial region of a submerged round jet in a moving environment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42664512.

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8

Pickles, K. "Velocity measurements in a thermally convecting high prandtl number fluid." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354406.

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9

Zhao, Xiaomin. "Effects of heterogeneities on fluid flow and borehold permeability measurements." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11933.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 216-221).
by Xiaomin Zhao.
Ph.D.

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10

Blasch, Kyle William. "Streamflow timing and estimation of infiltration rates in an ephemeral stream channel using variably saturated heat and fluid transport methods." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_2003_253_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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11

Ang, Keng Cheng. "A computational fluid dynamic study of blood flow through stenosed arteries /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha5808.pdf.

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12

Doucet, Daniel Joseph. "Measurements of Air Flow Velocities in Microchannels Using Particle Image Velocimetry." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1333675768.

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Thomas, C. C. "High bandwidth aerodynamic measurements in gas turbine stages." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341900.

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14

Mokhtarian, Farzad. "Fluid dynamics of airfoils with moving surface boundary-layer control." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29026.

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The concept of moving surface boundary-layer control, as applied to the Joukowsky and NACA airfoils, is investigated through a planned experimental program complemented by theoretical and flow visualization studies. The moving surface was provided by one or two rotating cylinders located at the leading edge, the trailing edge, or the top surface of the airfoil. Three carefully designed two-dimensional models, which provided a wide range of single and twin cylinder configurations, were tested at a subcritical Reynolds number (Re = 4.62 x 10⁴ or Re — 2.31 x 10⁵) in a laminar-flow tunnel over a range of angles of attack and cylinder rotational speeds. The test results suggest that the concept is indeed quite promising and can provide a substantial increase in lift and a delay in stall. The leading-edge rotating cylinder effectively extends the lift curve without substantially affecting its slope. When used in conjunction with a second cylinder on the upper surface, further improvements in the maximum lift and stall angle are possible. The maximum coefficient of lift realized was around 2.22, approximately 2.6 times that of the base airfoil. The maximum delay in stall was to around 45°. In general, the performance improves with an increase in the ratio of cylinder surface speed (Uc) to the free stream speed (U). However, the additional benefit derived progressively diminishes with an increase in Uc/U and becomes virtually negligible for Uc/U > 5. There appears to be an optimum location for the leading-edge-cylinder. Tests with the cylinder at the upper side of the leading edge gave quite promising results. Although the CLmax obtained was a little lower than the two-cylinder configuration (1.95 against 2.22), it offers a major advantage in terms of mechanical simplicity. Performance of the leading-edge-cylinder also depends on its geometry. A scooped configuration appears to improve performance at lower values of Uc/U (Uc/U ≤ 1). However, at higher rates of rotation the free stream is insensitive to the cylinder geometry and there is no particular advantage in using the scooped geometry. A rotating trailing-edge-cylinder affects the airfoil characteristics in a fundamentally different manner. In contrast to the leading-edge-cylinder, it acts as a flap by shifting the CL vs. α plots to the left thus increasing the lift coefficient at smaller angles of attack before stall. For example, at α = 4°, it changed the lift coefficient from 0.35 to 1.5, an increase of 330%. Thus in conjunction with the leading-edge- cylinder, it can provide significant improvements in lift over the entire range of small to moderately high angles of incidence (α ≤ 18°). On the theoretical side, to start with, the simple conformal transformation approach is used to obtain a closed form potential-flow solution for the leading-edge-cylinder configuration. Though highly approximate, the solution does predict correct trends and can be used at a relatively small angle of attack. This is followed by an extensive numerical study of the problem using: • the surface singularity approach including wall confinement and separated flow effects; • a finite-difference boundary-layer scheme to account for viscous corrections; and • an iteration procedure to construct an equivalent airfoil, in accordance with the local displacement thickness of the boundary layer, and to arrive at an estimate for the pressure distribution. Effect of the cylinder is considered either through the concept of slip velocity or a pair of counter-rotating vortices located below the leading edge. This significantly improves the correlation. However, discrepancies between experimental and numerical results do remain. Although the numerical model generally predicts CLmax with a reasonable accuracy, the stall estimate is often off because of an error in the slope of the lift curve. This is partly attributed to the spanwise flow at the model during the wind tunnel tests due to gaps in the tunnel floor and ceiling required for the connections to the externally located model support and cylinder drive motor. However, the main reason is the complex character of the unsteady flow with separation and reattachment, resulting in a bubble, which the present numerical procedure does not model adequately. It is expected that better modelling of the cylinder rotation with the slip velocity depending on a dissipation function, rotation, and angle of attack should considerably improve the situation. Finally, a flow visualization study substantiates, rather spectacularly, effectiveness of the moving surface boundary-layer control and qualitatively confirms complex character of the flow as predicted by the experimental data.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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Estrada-Alexanders, Andres Francisco. "Thermodynamic properties of gases from measurements of the speed of sound." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8048.

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Or, Chun-ming. "Flow development in the initial region of a submerged round jet in a moving environment." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42664512.

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Bin, Asad S. M. Sayeed. "Laser-based Measurements connected to Fish Migration." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-59663.

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Hydropower is one of the main sources for Sweden’s energy, which is clean and renewable. It is a clean energy source because no fuels are burned which does not pollute the air and it is a renewable energy source as it only uses natural water cycle for generating energy. However, hydropower has some consequences in nature, such as creating dams in rivers and changing water flow directions, which lead to some problems for migrating fishes. These fish migration problems are mostly studied from a biological point of view but more detailed studies are required from a fundamental fluid mechanics point of view. Fish migrates when ecological imbalance is created and one of the reasons for this imbalance is having dams for hydropower. Some dams have fishways or fish ladders to allow fish to migrate past the dam and during swimming or passing this fishway or fish ladder, fish has to tackle some sort of flow obstructions like, turbine intakes, stones and concrete structures etc. Fluid flow characteristics in fish ladders or fishways during fish migration is crucial for designing effective fishways to migrate fishes effectively. Flow characteristic measurements can provide quantitative information of the velocity distribution in fish ladders, which has strong correlation with the attraction of of fish. Recent research suggests that turbulence also has a large effect on fish migration. This is why obtaining flow information from well-defined turbulent flows, such as flow past cylindrical objects is the prime aim of these measurements. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) have become the most popular and promising techniques for these types of non-contact measurements. PIV techniques are used to visualize and measure the flow characteristic in a selected area while LDV techniques are suited for point-based measurement. The works included in this thesis are reviewing PIV techniques previously used in fish movement related studies, LDV measurements both at upstream (bow wake) and downstream wake of cylindrical obstructions and finally Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for validation of experimental measurements. The results find relatively acceptable agreement between CFD and experiments with some disparities.

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18

Chrzan, Joseph Coleman. "Laser-induced fluorescence measurements of dual plumes and comparison of laser-induced fluorescence and conductivity probe measurements." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44857.

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The laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique is used to visualize and quantify the concentration field around a conductivity probe. The LIF data are compared to the signal collected by the conductivity probe. The objective is to compare the signal of the contact-sensor to the "ground-truth" measurement of the LIF data. Detailed comparison of the temporal response and the peak detection are presented. In addition, a proof-of-concept of a two-color LIF technique is presented using Rhodamine 6G paired with an Argon-ion laser and simultaneously Oxazine 725 paired with a Krypton-ion laser. Optical filters on two digital cameras isolate the emitted light from these respective laser/dye combinations. The objective is to provide detailed quantitation of two over-lapping (non-reactive)chemical plumes.

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19

Jouan, Gurvan. "Quantitative measurements of flow within a polymer scaffold inside a compression-perfusion bioreactor." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16776.

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20

McCay, JoAnn Margaret 1962. "Fluid velocity measurement by processing images of neutrally-buoyant, phosphorescent tracer particles." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276607.

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A technique for measuring fluid velocities by means of neutrally-buoyant, phophorescent particles was investigated in a small-scale water jet facility. A nitrogen laser briefly illuminated the flow, exciting only those particles resident within the pulsed beam. The particles luminesce for a short while following excitation, during which time they also move with the flow. This creates a visible particle streak, the intensity of which decays along the direction of motion. A strobe illuminates the particles again a known time following the laser pulse. The magnitude and direction of a particle's velocity in the plane of view are deduced from an image of it streak captured by a video camera and recorded by a digital image processing system.

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21

Raad, Layla M. "Simultaneous measurements of velocity and concentration for a turbulent jet." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20713.

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22

Welch, Nathan James. "Imaging and fluid flow measurements of reservoir cap rock and ceramic analogues." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/41985.

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The study of reservoir seal formation characteristics is vital to the success of carbon sequestration projects. The unique properties of these formations allows for the safe long-term storage of carbon dioxide. These intrinsic properties also give rise to numerous experiment complexities outside of the realm of traditional core characterization techniques. Samples were obtained to represent the main classes of cap rocks; shales from both a quarry in the UK and a Spanish carbon storage pilot site, anhydrite from UK extraction mines, and a evaporite sample from a reservoir located in the Middle East. An apparatus has been constructed capable of measuring the permeability and capillary threshold pressure of reservoir cap rocks. The pressure decay technique was used to measure the permeability relationship of clay-rich and evaporite samples with varying applied stresses was measured. Unique trends are observed for each geologic sample exhibiting minimums in permeability. The initial reduction of permeability as effective pressure was increased was due compaction and the subsequent increase at high stresses was due to the opening of micro-fractures. The capillary threshold pressures of each sample were determined using three different techniques. A novel technique takes advantage of the pressure decay permeability measurements technique in quantifying extremely small fluid volumes during initial sample drainage. Capillary threshold pressures were shown to also be dependant on applied system stress. The capillary threshold pressure was observed to decrease dramatically following the increase in permeability with further increasing effective pressure. Imaging capabilities were also explored, ranging from core scale to nanometre scale techniques. Computerized micro-tomography was used in plug sample evaluation, and in the observation of fractured system behaviour under varying stress. Scanning electron microscopy paired with focused ion beam milling was used to extract the 3D pore space of the ceramic allowing for permeability estimates from numerical simulations.

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23

Chen, Pu. "The quadrilateral relation and line tension measurements in liquid-liquid-fluid systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0004/NQ41415.pdf.

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24

Gao, Tao 1976. "Measurements using capillary zone electrophoresis of amniotic fluid proteins and uric acid." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101126.

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The objectives of the study were to measure the concentrations of albumin, transferrin, IgG and uric acid in 2nd trimester amniotic fluid (AF) and to establish if these concentrations were associated with infant birth outcomes.
Amniotic fluid samples (n=230) were collected from mothers undergoing routine amniocentesis (12-20 wk). Maternal characteristics like height, pre-pregnancy weight, age, smoking status, parity and infant gender, birth weight and gestational age were collected from questionnaires and obstetrical medical chart review. AF samples were analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE).
The results showed that the 2nd trimester AF uric acid was a significant predictor of infant birth weight (grams) and transferrin was negatively associated with gestational age in term infants.

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25

Veverka, Peter John. "An investigation of interfacial instability during air entrainment." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5800.

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26

Hobbs, Andrew M. "Design and optimization of a vortex particle separator for a hot mix asphalt plant using computational fluid dynamics." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04192004-101304/unrestricted/hobbs%5Fandrew%5Fm%5F200312%5Fms.pdf.

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Moorty, Shashi. "A parametric study of rigid body-viscous flow interaction." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26723.

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This thesis presents the numerical solution for two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow over a rigid bluff body which is elastically supported or alternately undergoing a specified harmonic oscillations. Solutions for the related associate flow in which the body is at rest in a two-dimensional incompressible time-dependent viscous flow have also been -obtained. This work is an extension of the work by Pattani [19] to include the effect of a steady far field flow on an oscillating body. The numerical model utilizes the finite element method based on a velocity-pressure primitive variable representation of the complete Navier-Stokes equations. Curved isoparametric elements with quadratic interpolation for velocities and bilinear interpolation for pressure are used. Nonlinear boundary conditions on the moving body are represented to the first order in the body amplitude parameter. The method of averaging is used to obtain the resulting periodic motion of the fluid. Three non-dimensional parameters are used to completely characterise the flow problem: the frequency Reynolds number Rω , the Reynolds number of steady flow Rℯ₁ and the Reynolds number for time-dependent flow Rℯ₂. Numerical results are obtained for a circular body, a square body and an equilateral triangular body. A parametric study is conducted for different values of the Reynolds numbers in the viscous flow regime. In all cases, results are obtained for streamlines, streaklines, added mass, added damping, added force and the drag coefficients. The limiting cases of steady flow over a fixed body and an oscillating body in a stationary fluid are checked with known results. Results for the associated flow are also obtained. The transformations derived, between the two associated flows are checked. Good agreement is obtained between the present results and other known results.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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28

Guo, Jiuhao, and 郭九昊. "Velocity field measurement of a scroll vortex intake flow." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48079881.

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A scroll vortex intake is a hydraulic structure that transfers water stably from one elevation to a lower one by generating a swirling vortex flow down a vertical drop- shaft. Scroll vortex intakes are applied widely in water supply, stormwater drainage and sewerage systems. For a good engineering design, a sufficiently large and stable air core needs to be maintained within the dropshaft. Although a number of the- oretical and experimental investigations have been conducted, the understanding and predictions of the vortex flow is still far from complete due to a lack of de- tailed velocity field and air core measurements. This study aims to achieve a better understanding of the scroll vortex intake flow. The hydraulic theory of scroll vortex intake is revisited and detailed measurements of air core and velocity field of the vortex flow is conducted. A 1:15 physical model of a scroll vortex intake has been designed according to dynamic Froude similitude and constructed. Experiments have been conducted to measure the head-discharge relation. Piezometric head and air core size are measured at the throat of the vortex flow. Velocity fields are measured using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA). The measurements show that the vortex flow in the chamber resembles a free vortex and the circulation is approximately equal to that at the inlet to chamber. The chamber flow is not affected by the bottom boundary effect at bottom above a depth of the order of the dropshaft diameter. The throat section of the vor- tex flow is located slightly below the chamber bottom and within the bellmouth at the entrance to dropshaft. For the vortex flow in and downstream of the bell- mouth, the tangential velocity distribution can be described by a Rankine vortex (combination of forced and free vortex); the transition from forced to free vortex occurs at around the middle of the vortex flow layer. The pressure is positive for all locations and all discharges. Due to viscous effect, the maximum circulation is found to be lower than the inlet circulation. Consistent with the free vortex theory, the vertical velocity in the dropshaft is approximately constant. By accounting for the loss of circulation between chamber inlet and the dropshaft, a new 1D theory is proposed. Unlike previous models, the new theory gives good predictions of head-discharge relation and minimum air core size without the need of physically unrealistic assumptions. This study has revealed the structure of a scroll vortex intake flow for the first time. Characteristic flow features of the scroll vortex intake have been elucidated. The findings have helped to explain and resolve the long-standing discrepancies between the theoretical predictions of three representative 1D hydraulic theories. The vortex flow measurements also provide a basis for the development of a new theory and the validation of 3D numerical models.
published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy

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29

Huang, Shengcheng, and 黃晟程. "Effect of ambient turbulence on mixing of a round jet in cross-flow." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209493.

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30

Erdem, Erinc. "Active flow control studies at Mach 5 : measurement and computation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/active-flow-control-studies-at-mach-5-measurement-and-computation(73c02044-d17c-418d-821e-9e756b7cabbf).html.

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The difficulties regarding the control of high velocity flying vehicles in supersonic/hypersonic flight regime are still prevailing. Whether it is mixing enhancement,side force generation or aerodynamic steering, wall cooling or any otherfavourable method to control the flow, the resultant effects of different flow controltechniques on the associated flowfield demands careful experimental and numericalinvestigations. Traditional aerodynamic control surfaces are subjected tosevere flight conditions and loadings in different flight regimes resulting in impairedthe control effectiveness. Active flow control methods serve strong alternativeto achieve separation postponement, transition control, lift enhancement,mixing enhancement, drag reduction, turbulence modification and/or noise suppression,etc. This thesis deals with two main active flow control techniques;transverse jets at Mach 5 cross flow and energy deposition using arc discharge atMach 5 flow. The influence of roughness on the control effectiveness of transversejet interactions is also examined. The first objective of this thesis is to investigate experimentally the flowphysics of the sonic transverse jets at Mach 5 laminar cross flow both in timeaveraged and time resolved manner to provide reliable experimental data andbetter understanding at high Mach numbers. The parameters such as momentumflux ratio, incoming Reynolds number, type of the gas and the surface roughnessare studied. The size and structures of the upstream and downstream separationregions and jet penetration characteristics together with jet shear layer behaviourare examined. Moreover CFD simulations are conducted on a two dimensionalcase of Spaid and Zukoski and the numerical solver/procedure is validated. Thena three dimensional experimental case is simulated to provide greater understandingon the flow physics as well as to cross check measurements. As the main finding; jet interaction flow field can not be oversimplified andrepresented with only one parameter that is momentum flux ratio, J, as suggested by the literature; the incoming Reynolds number, type of injectant and roughnessare clearly affecting the interaction resulting in advantages or drawbacks for flowcontrol point of view. The second objective of this thesis is to investigate experimentally the dynamicsbetween the localised energy spot and the blunt body shock for dragreduction at Mach 5 flow. The localised energy spot is created firstly via steadyelectric arc struck between two electrodes using a small amount of energy andsecondly via pulsed laser focusing with a significant amount of energy. In caseof electric discharge, the effects of discharge are evaluated in comparison to nodischarge case with the electrodes. The unsteady wake/compression structuresare examined between the steadily deposited energy spot and the modified bowshock wave. And for the laser focussing unsteady interaction that is happeningin a short duration of time is investigated. The effect of the truncation, the distancebetween the electrodes and the model as well as the type and amount ofthe energy input on this phenomenon are examined. Moreover CFD simulationsare conducted on the baseline cases to cross check measurements together withtheoretical estimates. As the main finding; the effectiveness of the arc discharge is increasing withincreased truncation or the frontal area and when the arc to nose distance isthe shortest. However an important thing to note is that energy deposition atshorter distances might result higher stagnation point heating rates which aredetrimental. The test campaign clearly renders that the use of small amount ofonboard energy to create a local focused thermal spot in front of a vehicle is anefficient way of reducing drag.

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31

Costis, Christopher E. "Separation and wakes over three-dimensional bodies." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54745.

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The laminar flow over a prolate spheroid was investigated via flow visualization and Laser-Doppler Velocimetry. Experiments were conducted in a water tunnel and the flow was visualized with dyes. The measurement of three-dimensional boundary layers required a special design of the laser optics. Attention was focused in the neighborhood of three-dimensional separation. The Vortex-Lattice method was employed to calculate the inviscid flow and the development of separated vortex sheets over a prolate spheroid. An approximate-method based on the assumption of local similarity was used to solve the boundary layer equations and calculate the line of open separation. A condition of vortex shedding along separation is proposed. The two schemes, viscous and inviscid, interact through the line of separation which is allowed to displace as the wake grows. Results are compared with flow visualization data for laminar separation and pressure data for turbulent separation.
Ph. D.

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32

Molale, Dimpho Millicent. "A computational evaluation of flow through porous media." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/686.

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33

Kakade, Vinod. "Fluid Dynamic and Heat Transfer Measurements in Gas Turbine Pre-Swirl Cooling Systems." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503370.

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Remington, Alexander. "A Study of Non-Fluid Damped Skin Friction Measurements for Transonic Flight Applications." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9789.

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A device was developed to directly measure skin friction on an external test plate in transonic flight conditions. The tests would take place on the FTF-II flight test plate mounted underneath a NASA F-15 aircraft flying at altitudes ranging from 15,000 to 45,000 ft. at Mach numbers ranging from 0.70 to 0.99. These conditions lead to predicted shear levels ranging from 0.3 to 1.5 psf. The gage consisted of a floating element cantilevered beam configuration that was mounted into the surface of the test plate in a manner non-intrusive to the flow it was measuring. Strain gages mounted at the base of the beam measured the small strains that were generated from the shear forces of the flow. A non-nulling configuration was designed such that the deflection of the floating head due to the shear force from the flow was negligible. Due to the large vibration levels of up to 8 grms that the gage would experience during transonic flight, a vibration damping mechanism needed to be implemented. Viscous damping had been used in previous attempts to passively dampen the vibrations of skin friction gages in other applications, yet viscous damping proved to be an undesirable solution due to its leakage problems and maintenance issues. Three methods of damping the gage without a fluid filled damper were tested. Each gage was built of aluminum in order to maintain constant material properties with the test plate. The first prototype used a small internal gap and damping properties of air to reduce the vibration levels. This damping method proved to be too weak. The second prototype utilized eddy current damping from permanent magnets to dampen the motion of the gage. This mechanism provided better damping then the first prototype, yet greater damping was desired. The third method utilized eddy current damping from an electromagnet to dampen the motion of the gage. The eddy current damper achieved a much larger reduction in the vibration characteristics of the gage than the previous designs. In addition, the gage was capable of operating at various levels of damping. A maximum peak amplitude reduction of 33 % was calculated, which was less than theoretical predictions. The damping results from the electromagnetic gage provided an adequate level of damping for wind tunnel tests, yet increased levels of damping need to be pursued to improve the skin friction measurement capabilities of these gages in environments with extremely high levels of vibration. The damping provided by the electromagnet decreased the deflections of the head during 8 grms and 2 grms random noise vibrations bench tests. This allowed for a greater survivability of the gage. In addition, the reduction of the peak amplitude provided output with vibration induced noise levels ranging from 24 % to 5.9 % of the desired output of the gage. The gage was tested in a supersonic wind tunnel at shear levels of tw=3.9 to 5.3 psf. The shear levels encountered during wind tunnel verification tests were slightly larger than the shear levels encountered on the F-15 flight test plate during the flight tests, but the wind tunnel shear levels were considered adequate for verification purposes. The experimentally determined shear level results compared well with theoretical calculations
Master of Science

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Barnhart, Donald H. "Whole-field holographic measurements of three-dimensional displacement in solid and fluid mechanics." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34516.

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This thesis reports on the development of two, conceptually different, holographic measurement systems for the study of three-dimensional displacement and velocity fields. The first approach reported in this thesis is an intensity correlation-based holographic velocimetry system that employs a reference-multiplexed, off-axis geometry for determining velocity directions using the cross-correlation technique, and a stereo camera geometry for determining three-dimensional fluid velocity fields. The pulsed-laser recording system produces three-dimensional particle images with resolution, signal-to- noise ratio, accuracy and derived velocity fields that are comparable to high-quality two-dimensional photographic PIV (particle image velocimetry). The high image resolution is accomplished by using low f-number optics, a fringe-stabilized processing chemistry, and a phase conjugate play-back geometry that compensates for aberrations in the imaging system. This holographic velocimetry system is then used to successfully measure the volumetric, three-dimensional velocity field of an air nozzle jet flow. In this experiment, more than five million three-dimensional velocity vectors are successfully identified within a single hologram result.

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Andersson, Anders G. "Simulations and measurements of free surface flow in regulated rivers." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Strömningslära och experimentell mekanik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18022.

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Open channel flow near hydropower stations is of interest for both engineering and environmental applications. In this research project Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations of free surface flow in regulated rivers were applied with both fish migration and validation of numerical simulations in focus. In the first paper, numerical simulations has been used to evaluate the flow downstream a hydropower plant with regards to upstream migrating fish. Field measurements with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler were performed and the measurements were used to validate the simulations. In the second paper ,simulations on the spilling from a dam were performed and compared to experimental results from a physical scale model. The third paper deals with more in depth analysis of field measurements where the variations in the flow downstream a hydropower plant was examined.
Godkänd; 2010; 20101028 (aneane); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Strömningslära/Fluid Mechanics Examinator: Professor Staffan Lundström, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Teknologie doktor Mats Billstein, Vattenfall Research and Development AB, Älvkarleby Tid: Fredag den 3 december 2010 kl 10.30 Plats: A109, Luleå tekniska universitet

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Messer, Matthias. "Pulsed ultrasonic doppler velocimetry for measurement of velocity profiles in small channels and capplilaries." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-09022005-131744/.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Cyrus K. Aidun, Committee Member ; Farrokh Mistree, Committee Member ; Yves H. Berthelot, Committee Member ; Philip J. W. Roberts, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.

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Wilkerson, Patrick Wayne. "Quantification of mitral regurgitation using corrected doppler measurements." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17302.

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Desabrais, Kenneth J. "Velocity field measurements in the near wake of a parachute canopy." Link to electronic thesis, 2002. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0426102-134658.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Keywords: parachute shedding characteristics; near wake evolution; parachute inflation; canopy breathing; velocity field measurements. Includes bibliographical references (p. 126-131).

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Sung, Hsing-Wen. "In vitro velocity measurements in a pulmonary artery model." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13388.

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Han, Byunghyun. "Development of techniques for measuring water and fluid flow properties in solid waste in landfills." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 158 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1821286381&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Lai, Ying Hoi. "Computational study of the transparent window for the water beam assisted form error in-process optical measurement method /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202009%20LAI.

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Livelli, Mark Andrew. "Providing flow parameters for approximate die design models and the improvement and verification of those models using CFD analysis /." Online version of thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12222.

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Lanspeary, Peter V. "Establishing very low speed, disturbance-free flow for anemometry in turbulent boundary layers." Title page, contents and summary only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl295.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1998?
System requirements for accompanying computer disks: IBM-compatible computer. Other requirements: Fortran and/or C Compiler. Includes bibliographical references (p. 315-330).

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Bamgbade, Babatunde A. "MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING OF HYDROCARBON MIXTURE FLUID PROPERTIES UNDER EXTREME TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE CONDITIONS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3967.

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Knowledge of thermodynamic fluid properties, such as density and phase behavior, is important for the design, operation, and safety of several processes including drilling, extraction, transportation, and separation that are required in the petroleum. The knowledge is even more critical at extreme temperature and pressure conditions as the search for more crude oil reserves lead to harsher conditions. Currently, there is dearth of experimental data at these conditions and as such, the predictive capability of the existing modeling tools are unproven. The objective of this research is to develop a fundamental understanding of the impact of molecular architecture on fluid phase behavior at temperatures to 523 K (250 °C) and pressures to 275 MPa (40,000 psi). These high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) conditions are typical of operating conditions often encountered in petroleum exploration and recovery from ultra-deep wells that are encountered in the Gulf of Mexico. This PhD study focuses on the fluid phase behavior of a low molecular weight compound, two moderately high molecular weight compounds, three asymmetric binary mixtures of a light gas and a heavy hydrocarbon compound with varying molecular size. The compounds are selected to represent the family of saturated compounds found in typical crude oils. Furthermore, this study reports experimental data for two "dead" crude oil samples obtained from the Gulf of Mexico and their mixtures with methane from ambient to HTHP conditions. A variable-volume view cell coupled with a linear variable differential transformer is used to experimentally measure the high-pressure properties of these compounds and mixtures. The reported density data compare well to the limited available data in the literature with deviations that are less than 0.9%, which is the experimental uncertainty of the density data reported in this study. The phase behavior and density data obtained in this study are modeled using the Peng-Robinson (PR), the volume-translated (VT) PR, and the Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) equations of state (EoS). The EoS pure component parameters, typically obtained from the open literature, are derived from fitting the particular EoS to, critical point, or to vapor pressure and saturated liquid density data, or to HTHP density data. For the density data reported here, the PREoS provided the worst predictions, while the VT-PREoS gives an improved performance as compared to the PREoS. However, the PC-SAFT EoS provided the best HTHP density predictions especially when using HTHP pure component parameters. The situation is however reversed in the modeling performance for the phase behavior data whereby the PC-SAFT EoS with HTHP parameters provided the worst vapor-liquid equilibria predictions. Better predictions are obtained with the PC-SAFT EoS when using parameters obtained from fit of the vapor pressure data and is comparable to the PREoS predictions. This reversal in performance is not surprising since the phase behavior data occur at moderately low pressures. The performance of the PC-SAFT EoS is extended to the experimental density data reported for the dead crude oil samples and their mixtures with methane. The PC-SAFT EoS with either set of pure component parameters yield similar predictions that are within 3% of the reported crude oil density data. However, when using the HTHP parameters, the PC-SAFT gives a good representation of the slope of experimental data, which is crucial in the calculation of second-derivative properties such has isothermal compressibility. The PC-SAFT EoS is also employed to model the crude oil HTHP density data for both the dead crude oils and their mixtures with methane using correlations for both the Low-P parameters and the HTHP parameters. The Low-P parameters are derived from fitting the PC-SAFT EoS to pure compound vapor pressure and saturated liquid density data, while the HTHP parameters are obtained from fitting the PC-SAFT EoS to pure compound HTHP liquid density data. Interestingly, the PC-SAFT EoS with the Low-P parameters provided better HTHP density predictions that are within 1.5% of the experimental data for the dead oils than the HTHP parameters that are within 2 to 4% of the data. Density predictions for the dead oil mixtures with methane are however comparable for both sets of parameters and are within 1% on average. However, the PC-SAFT EoS with HTHP parameters clearly provided better representation of the isothermal property, a derivative property obtained from density data, within 10% while predictions with the Low-P parameters can be as high as 37%. The successful completion of the thesis work expands the current knowledge base of fluid phase behavior at the extreme operating conditions encountered by engineers in the petroleum industries. Furthermore, the reported HTHP experimental data also provide a means to scientists and researchers for the development, improvement, and validation of equations with improved modeling performance.

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Wang, Wei-Chih. "A study of fluid viscosity and flow measurement using fiber-optic transducers /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5908.

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Brown, V. E. "An investigation of methods to predict rumen fermentation products from in vivo measurements." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368459.

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Dhulubulu, Aditya. "Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring of the milling process with coated metal carbide inserts using TRIM C270 cutting fluid." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1435592338.

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Lakkadi, Navneeth Sagar Reddy. "Flow measurements in turbulent flow fields with magnetic resonance phase velocity mapping." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2009. http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=csu1251412647.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Cleveland State University, 2009.
Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Sept. 8, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-135). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center and also available in print.

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50

Johnsson, Roger. "Crankshaft speed measurements and analysis for control and diagnostics of diesel engines." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Drift, underhåll och akustik, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18687.

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The increasing demands from governments on the engine manufactures to lower the fuel consumption, lower the exhaust emissions and to reduce the noise have lead to an intensive research in the combustion process. Measurement of the combustion process inside the cylinder is only suitable in laboratory environment due to a number of limitations; the pressure transducer needed to measure the pressure is expensive, difficult to mount in the cylinder and has a limited lifetime that is much shorter than the engine's lifetime. Demands of on-board diagnostics where the combustion process is continuously monitored, on production vehicles have created a need for a method to indirectly measure the combustion process. The two main indirect methods are vibration measurement based reconstruction and crankshaft angular speed measurement reconstruction. The combustion process give rise to vibrations in the engine body that in the former method is measured with an accelerometer and the pressure can be reconstructed by using inverted transfer functions. The idea behind the latter method, the crankshaft angular speed reconstruction method, is that when one cylinder fires the produced torque is higher than the load torque and the crankshaft accelerates. As next cylinder goes into compression the total load torque increases and the crankshaft speed will decrease. This is repeated when the next cylinder fires and the produced crankshaft speed fluctuations will then contain information about the combustion and compression that caused it. In this thesis an indirect method to predict the maximum cylinder pressure is developed based on the crankshaft speed fluctuations combined with neural networks. The speed fluctuations were measured on a 6-cylinder inline diesel engine at 9 speed-load-combinations. A two layer (one hidden and one output layer) feedforward neural network was trained with the backpropagation algorithm. The prediction accuracy for pmax was found to be better than ±5 % at 95%-confidence interval for the validation set. Another important parameter for the engine control and for optimising the fuel efficiency at the same time as the exhaust emissions are kept to a minimum, is the position of the pistons most upper position, TDC (top dead centre). The TDC position is normally measured mechanically with means that need access to the cylinders (the cylinder head has to be removed). This method is time consuming and therefore expensive and because of that not used on production engines. Several indirect methods to measure the TDC- positions have been suggested. Either based on measured cylinder pressures, that again need a pressure transducer mounted in the cylinder, or on the crankshaft speed fluctuations. An indirect method based on the speed fluctuations, that are measured when the starter motor rotates the engine with turned off ignition, is developed. From the measured crankshaft speed fluctuations the TDC-positions can be determined either by curve fitting or with neural networks. The TDC position determined by curve fitting has a bias error, due to the out-of-phase acceleration component in the crankshaft that are induced by the starter motor, but also caused by heat exchange between the compressed gas and the cylinder walls and gas. The results from the neural network were found to be better and the TDC-position for all 6 cylinders was determined within ±0.1 degree crank angle at 95%-confidence interval.

Godkänd; 2001; 20070110 (biem)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fluid measurements'

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