Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fluid flow pathways

Academic literature on the topic 'Fluid flow pathways'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fluid flow pathways"

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Hoffman, Monty, and James Crafton. "Multiphase flow in oil and gas reservoirs." Mountain Geologist 54, no. 1 (January 2017): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31582/rmag.mg.54.1.5.

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The porous rocks that make up oil and gas reservoirs are composed of complex combinations of pores, pore throats, and fractures. Pore networks are groups of these void spaces that are connected by pathways that have the same fluid entry pressures. Any fluid movement in pore networks will be along the pathways that require the minimum energy expenditure. After emplacement of hydrocarbons in a reservoir, fluid saturations, capillary pressure, and energy are in equilibrium, a significant amount of the reservoir energy is stored at the interface between the fluids. Any mechanism that changes the pressure, volume, chemistry, or temperature of the fluids in the reservoir results in a state of energy non-equilibrium. Existing reservoir engineering equations do not address this non-equilibrium condition, but rather assume that all reservoirs are in equilibrium. The assumption of equilibrium results in incorrect descriptions of fluid flow in energy non-equilibrium reservoirs. This, coupled with the fact that drilling-induced permeability damage is common in these reservoirs, often results in incorrect conclusions regarding the potential producibility of the well. Relative permeability damage, damage that can change which fluids are produced from a hydrocarbon reservoir, can occur even in very permeable reservoirs. Use of dependent variables in reservoir analysis does not correctly describe the physics of fluid flow in the reservoir and will lead to potentially incorrect answers regarding producibility of the reservoir.
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Srivastava, Tarak, Hongying Dai, Daniel P. Heruth, Uri S. Alon, Robert E. Garola, Jianping Zhou, R. Scott Duncan, et al. "Mechanotransduction signaling in podocytes from fluid flow shear stress." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 314, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): F22—F34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00325.2017.

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Recently, we and others have found that hyperfiltration-associated increase in biomechanical forces, namely, tensile stress and fluid flow shear stress (FFSS), can directly and distinctly alter podocyte structure and function. The ultrafiltrate flow over the major processes and cell body generates FFSS to podocytes. Our previous work suggests that the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-PGE2-PGE2 receptor 2 (EP2) axis plays an important role in mechanoperception of FFSS in podocytes. To address mechanotransduction of the perceived stimulus through EP2, cultured podocytes were exposed to FFSS (2 dyn/cm2) for 2 h. Total RNA from cells at the end of FFSS treatment, 2-h post-FFSS, and 24-h post-FFSS was used for whole exon array analysis. Differentially regulated genes ( P < 0.01) were analyzed using bioinformatics tools Enrichr and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to predict pathways/molecules. Candidate pathways were validated using Western blot analysis and then further confirmed to be resulting from a direct effect of PGE2 on podocytes. Results show that FFSS-induced mechanotransduction as well as exogenous PGE2 activate the Akt-GSK3β-β-catenin (Ser552) and MAPK/ERK but not the cAMP-PKA signal transduction cascades. These pathways are reportedly associated with FFSS-induced and EP2-mediated signaling in other epithelial cells as well. The current regimen for treating hyperfiltration-mediated injury largely depends on targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The present study identifies specific transduction mechanisms and provides novel information on the direct effect of FFSS on podocytes. These results suggest that targeting EP2-mediated signaling pathways holds therapeutic significance for delaying progression of chronic kidney disease secondary to hyperfiltration.
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Srivastava, Tarak, Trupti Joshi, Yuexu Jiang, Daniel P. Heruth, Mohamed H. Rezaiekhaligh, Jan Novak, Vincent S. Staggs, et al. "Upregulated proteoglycan-related signaling pathways in fluid flow shear stress-treated podocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 319, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): F312—F322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00183.2020.

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The ultrafiltrate flow over the major processes and cell body generates fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) on podocytes. Hyperfiltration-associated increase in FFSS can lead to podocyte injury and detachment. Previously, we showed that FFSS-induced upregulation of the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)-PGE2-prostaglandin E receptor 2 (EP2) axis in podocytes activates Akt-glycogen synthase kinase-3β-β-catenin and MAPK/ERK signaling in response to FFSS. Integrative MultiOmics Pathway Resolution (IMPRes) is a new bioinformatic tool that enables simultaneous time-series analysis of more than two groups to identify pathways and molecular connections. In the present study, we used previously characterized COX2 [prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 ( Ptgs2)], EP2 ( Ptger2), and β1-catenin ( Ctnnb1) as “seed genes” from an array data set of four groups analyzed over a time course. The 3 seed genes shared 7 pathways and 50 genes of 14 pathways and 89 genes identified by IMPRes. A composite of signaling pathways highlighted the temporal molecular connections during mechanotransduction signaling in FFSS-treated podocytes. We investigated the “proteoglycans in cancer” and “galactose metabolism” pathways predicted by IMPRes. A custom-designed PCR array validated 60.7% of the genes predicted by IMPRes analysis, including genes for the above-named pathways. Further validation using Western blot analysis showed increased expression of phosho-Erbb2, phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), CD44, and hexokinase II (Hk2); decreased total Erbb2, galactose mutarotase (Galm), and β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (B4galt1); and unchanged total mTOR and AKT3. These findings corroborate our previously reported results. This study demonstrates the potential of the IMPRes method to identify novel pathways. Identifying the “proteoglycans in cancer” and “galactose metabolism” pathways has generated a lead to study the significance of FFSS-induced glycocalyx remodeling and possible detachment of podocytes from the glomerular matrix.
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Reynolds, Catriona A., Hannah Menke, Matthew Andrew, Martin J. Blunt, and Samuel Krevor. "Dynamic fluid connectivity during steady-state multiphase flow in a sandstone." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 31 (July 17, 2017): 8187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702834114.

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The current conceptual picture of steady-state multiphase Darcy flow in porous media is that the fluid phases organize into separate flow pathways with stable interfaces. Here we demonstrate a previously unobserved type of steady-state flow behavior, which we term “dynamic connectivity,” using fast pore-scale X-ray imaging. We image the flow of N2 and brine through a permeable sandstone at subsurface reservoir conditions, and low capillary numbers, and at constant fluid saturation. At any instant, the network of pores filled with the nonwetting phase is not necessarily connected. Flow occurs along pathways that periodically reconnect, like cars controlled by traffic lights. This behavior is consistent with an energy balance, where some of the energy of the injected fluids is sporadically converted to create new interfaces.
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Li, Ping, Chenglin Liu, Man Hu, Mian Long, Ding Zhang, and Bo Huo. "Fluid Flow-Induced Calcium Response in Osteoclasts: Signaling Pathways." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 42, no. 6 (April 8, 2014): 1250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-014-0984-x.

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Huppert, Herbert E., Jerome A. Neufeld, and Charlotte Strandkvist. "The competition between gravity and flow focusing in two-layered porous media." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 720 (February 27, 2013): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.623.

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AbstractThe gravitationally driven flow of a dense fluid within a two-layered porous media is examined experimentally and theoretically. We find that in systems with two horizontal layers of differing permeability a competition between gravity driven flow and flow focusing along high-permeability routes can lead to two distinct flow regimes. When the lower layer is more permeable than the upper layer, gravity acts along high-permeability pathways and the flow is enhanced in the lower layer. Alternatively, when the upper layer is more permeable than the lower layer, we find that for a sufficiently small input flux the flow is confined to the lower layer. However, above a critical flux fluid preferentially spreads horizontally within the upper layer before ultimately draining back down into the lower layer. This later regime, in which the fluid overrides the low-permeability lower layer, is important because it enhances the mixing of the two fluids. We show that the critical flux which separates these two regimes can be characterized by a simple power law. Finally, we briefly discuss the relevance of this work to the geological sequestration of carbon dioxide and other industrial and natural flows in porous media.
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Tsuda, A., R. Kamm, and J. J. Fredberg. "Periodic flow at airway bifurcations. II. Flow partitioning." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 2 (August 1, 1990): 553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.2.553.

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The distribution of flow among parallel pathways is believed to be determined by the balance of downstream mechanical loads or time constants. We studied the influence of upstream flow conditions and airway geometry vs. downstream mechanical impedances in determining flow partitioning at airway bifurcations. Each model consisted of a single rigid bifurcation with various branching angles and area ratios but having identical pathway impedances. Sinusoidal volumetric oscillations were applied at the parent duct with various frequencies and tidal volumes. Measuring the terminal pressures continuously, we calculated the flow distribution. When flow amplitude was small, flow partitioning was homogeneous and synchronous, as expected in a system possessing homogeneous pathway impedances and time constants. But when flow amplitude was large and frequency was high, appreciable heterogeneity and asynchrony of flow partitioning arose; during midinspiration the high-velocity flow stream preferentially favored the axial pathway. This effect vanished in the absence of a net area change at the bifurcation. For a given bifurcation geometry, these observations could be organized using only two nondimensional parameters, neither of which incorporated consideration of fluid friction. The description of temporal events required, in addition, a nondimensional time. Therefore these flow-dependent phenomena and their underlying mechanisms differ fundamentally from those described in classical impedance models. The complex pattern of nonuniform interregional behaviors apparent in whole lungs when tidal volume and frequency are large (Allen et al., J. Clin. Invest. 76: 620-629, 1985) is reiterated faithfully in models consisting of only two compartments with homogeneous time constants. As such, the behaviors observed in lungs would appear to be attributable in large part to fluid dynamic factors in central airways.
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Riddle, Ryan C., Amanda F. Taylor, Damian C. Genetos, and Henry J. Donahue. "MAP kinase and calcium signaling mediate fluid flow-induced human mesenchymal stem cell proliferation." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 290, no. 3 (March 2006): C776—C784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00082.2005.

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Mechanical signals are important regulators of skeletal homeostasis, and strain-induced oscillatory fluid flow is a potent mechanical stimulus. Although the mechanisms by which osteoblasts and osteocytes respond to fluid flow are being elucidated, little is known about the mechanisms by which bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells respond to such stimuli. Here we show that the intracellular signaling cascades activated in human mesenchymal stem cells by fluid flow are similar to those activated in osteoblastic cells. Oscillatory fluid flow inducing shear stresses of 5, 10, and 20 dyn/cm2 triggered rapid, flow rate-dependent increases in intracellular calcium that pharmacological studies suggest are inositol trisphosphate mediated. The application of fluid flow also induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 as well as the activation of the calcium-sensitive protein phosphatase calcineurin in mesenchymal stem cells. Activation of these signaling pathways combined to induce a robust increase in cellular proliferation. These data suggest that mechanically induced fluid flow regulates not only osteoblastic behavior but also that of mesenchymal precursors, implying that the observed osteogenic response to mechanical loading may be mediated by alterations in the cellular behavior of multiple members of the osteoblast lineage, perhaps by a common signaling pathway.
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Ascuitto, R. J., D. W. Kydon, and N. T. Ross-Ascuitto. "Streamlining Fluid Pathways Lessens Flow Energy Dissipation: Relevance to Atriocavopulmonary Connections." Pediatric Cardiology 24, no. 3 (May 1, 2003): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00246-002-0182-8.

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Gunn, Iain, and Andrew W. Woods. "On the flow of buoyant fluid injected into an aquifer with a background flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 706 (July 12, 2012): 274–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.253.

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AbstractWe study the dispersal of a plume of incompressible buoyant fluid injected into a confined inclined aquifer in which there is a background flow. We assume that, to prevent pressure buildup in the system, there is an outflow from the aquifer, with flux equal to the injection flux, through a producing well. Using the method of characteristics, we identify that the trajectory of the plume of injected fluid depends on the magnitudes of both the injection flux ${Q}_{I} $ and the background aquifer flux ${Q}_{A} $ relative to the buoyancy-driven exchange flow of injected and original fluid within the aquifer ${Q}_{E} $, on the direction of the background aquifer flow, and on whether the producing well lies upslope or downslope from the injecting well. We find the values of the controlling parameters ${Q}_{I} / {Q}_{E} $ and ${Q}_{A} / {Q}_{E} $ for which all injected fluid flows up-dip, for which the injected fluid partitions into a component moving up-dip and a component moving down-dip, and for which all injected fluid flows down-dip. A key learning from the analysis is that there may be very different plume trajectories when a buoyant fluid is injected into a confined, inclined aquifer, and prediction of the trajectory depends on knowledge of the background flow as well as the injection rate and location of the producing wells. In the process of ${\mathrm{CO} }_{2} $ sequestration, this range of initial plume geometries can inform analysis of longer-term geological storage and assessment of the risk of activating different possible leakage pathways to the surface.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fluid flow pathways"

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Frampton, Andrew. "Stochastic analysis of fluid flow and tracer pathways in crystalline fracture networks." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11974.

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Understanding groundwater flow systems and how these control transport is an essential part in assessing the suitability of subsurface environments as hosts for storage of toxic waste. Therefore it is important to be able to integrate knowledge obtained from field characterisation of the subsurface with methods which can be used to evaluate and predict possible impact on surrounding environments.In this thesis I investigate the characteristics of flow and transport in discrete fracture networks by analysing Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions within a stochastic framework. The analysis is conducted through numerical flow and transport simulations configured according to available field data, combined with independent theoretical analytic and semi-analytic methods which are able to reveal insight to relevant constitutive properties. It is shown that numerical simulations conducted with the discrete fracture network approach can be both conditioned and confirmed against field measurable quantities, and the developed theoretical methods are evaluated against results obtained from simulation. Thereby, a methodology which can provide links between field measurable quantities and tracer discharge is presented, developed and evaluated. It is shown to be robust with respect to underlying assumptions used for flow configurations.In particular, a specific sampling algorithm for obtaining a Lagrangian description of transport based on a Eulerian description of flow is proposed, evaluated and shown to be robust for the cases considered, providing accurate replications. Also a generalisation of both the advection-dispersion solution and the one-sided stable distribution is shown to be able to evaluate advective transport quantities, and combined with a Lagrangian retention model it is shown to be a fairly accurate and robust method for upscaling distributions, enabling predictions of transport in terms of tracer discharge. Evaluation of transport is also conducted against the advective-dispersion assumption, where results indicate advective transport is generally non-Fickian for the fracture networks and domain scales considered, but not necessarily anomalous. Additionally, the impact certain model assumptions have on tracer discharge are analysed. For example, transport is evaluated for assumptions regarding injection mode, fracture network heterogeneity, relationship between aperture and transmissivity, relationship between transmissivity and size, as well as scale and modelling dimension. In relation to hydraulic testing and flow analysis, a method for conditioning fracture transmissivity from field measurements of flow by simulation is developed and evaluated against homogenisation assumptions commonly used in field applications. Results indicate the homogenisation assumption generally fails for current interpretations of field data.
Miljökonsekvensbedömningar av toxiskt avfall i djupt bergförvar kräver engrundläggande förståelse av grundvattenströmning samt hur detta påverkartransportfenomet. Därför är det viktigt att kunna integrerafältundersökningsdata från berggrundsmätningar med metoder som kan användas föratt utvärdera och förutsäga potentiella konsekvenser på omgivningen.I denna avhandling undersöker jag flödes- och transportegenskaper i diskretaspricknätverk genom stokastisk analys av eulerska och lagrangeskafältbeskrivningar. Analysen sker genom en kombination av dels numeriska flödes-och transportsimuleringar som är konfigurerade enligt tillgänglig fältdata, samtdels med oberoende teoretiska analytiska och semi-analytiska metoder som gerdjupare insyn i relevanta konstitutiva egenskaper. Resultat visar att dennumeriska simuleringsmetoden för diskreta spricknätverk kan både konditionerastill fältdata och bestyrkas gentemot mätbara kvantiter. Detta är av betydelse dåde teoretiska metoderna i sin tur är främst evaluerade gentemotsimuleringsresultat. Därmed utvecklas en bestyrkt metodik som kansammanlänka och i viss mån omvandla fältdata till uppskattningar av mängdenspårämnen i ett utflöde. Resultat indikerar att denna metodik är robust avseendeflera antaganden som har används i simuleringskonfigurationen.En särskild urvalsalgoritm introduceras som kan erhålla en lagrangesktransportbeskrivning utifrån ett eulerskt strömningsfält. även denna utvärderasavseende vissa simuleringsantaganden och resultat tyder på att den är robust förde undersökta fallen. Vidare föreslås en viss generalisering av lösningen tillden advektiva-dispersionsekvationen samt av ensidigt stabila (one-sided stable)sannolikhetsfördelningar som metod för att prediktera advektiva kvantitetergenom upskalning av transportfördelningar i rummet. Denna modell kombineras meden tidigare utvecklad metod för transportretention för att uppskatta reaktivagenombrottsfördelningar. Således blir det möjligt att prediktera reaktivtransport d v s rumslig upskalning av genombrottstider för spårämnestransport.Metoden används också för att evaluera ett linärt dispersionsantagande, därresultat indikerar att även advektiv transport kan påvisa icke-linärt beteende.Transport i spricknätverk utvärderas bland annat för modellantaganden avseendeinjektionsmetod, heterogenitet i spricknätverk, konstitutiva relationer mellanapertur och transmissivitet samt mellan transmissivitet och spricklängd, ochmodelleringsskala samt dimension. Beträffande hydrauliska testmetoder ochflödesanalys introduceras en simuleringsmetod för att konditioneraspricktransmissivitet från flödesmätningar. Detta jämförs med etthomogeniseringsantaganden som inte sällan används i fältundersökningar för atttolka flödesmätningar till spricktransmissivitet, och resultat tyder på attdetta antagande kan betydligt undervärdera transmissivitet.
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Brothers, Richard John. "The mechanical formation of vein structures as fluid flow pathways in Peru margin sediments and the Monterey formation, California." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262451.

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Davidson, Gregg Randall 1963. "Geochemical and isotopic investigation of the rate and pathway of fluid flow in partially-welded fractured unsaturated tuff." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191194.

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Fluid flow rates and pathways in partially-welded, fractured, unsaturated tuff are investigated in a sloping borehole (DSB-1) cored from the surface to a perched aquifer at the Apache Leap near Superior, Arizona. Suspected water-bearing fractures were identified in the borehole using video and geophysical logs. Pore water extracted from cores associated with these fractures proved to have elevated ¹⁴C activity relative to pore waters from intermediate depths. Pore water from the deepest fracture interval contained post-bomb ¹⁴C. Low tritium concentrations in most samples indicates imbibition from each flow is small relative to the volume of water in the pores, but cumulative imbibition over time is significant based on ¹⁴C distribution through the unsaturated zone. The saturated zone beneath DSB-1 is a mixture of fracture flows with older aquifer water. Estimates based on ¹⁴C and ³H data indicate half of the water in the local aquifer originated from fractures near DSB-1. Geochernical models incorporating pore-water, surface-runoff, aquifer-water and mineral chemistry suggest that fracture flow may also be the predominant source of recharge for the older aquifer water. Water and carbon are extracted from core samples using uni-axial compression and a new vacuum distillation technique. Distillation is shown to be an effective method when carbon extraction is not possible by other methods. Mass yields from distillation provide evidence that there may be a substantial reservoir of carbon adsorbed to mineral phases. Carbon-14 activity of formation air samples from intervals with low air permeability reflect the composition of water imbibed from fracture flows at those depths. In zones of higher permeability, atmospheric contamination is suspected even though SF₆ (injected as a tracer during drilling) concentrations had not diminished. An independent investigation on the carbon isotopic composition of soil-zone CO₂ demonstrates the need to correct soil-respired CO₂ samples for CO₂ contamination in base reagents and for fractionation during sample collection. The minimum δ¹³C-shift from soil CO₂ to soil-respired CO₂ is also shown to be a function of the δ¹³C of soil organic material rather than a fixed 4.4%₀ as previously thought.
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Stenhouse, Paul. "Reactive transport and fluid pathways in fracture-controlled flow systems." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/156252.

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This thesis uses mapping and analysis of C/O stable isotopes to explore the distribution and evolution of fracture-controlled fluid flow in two vein-rich, limestone-hosted fault systems: The Dar Al Baydha (DAB) Fault system in northern Oman and a network of low-displacement faults in the Helvetic Alps, Switzerland. The DAB Fault is 25km long and has a maximum throw of >750m. There is also a subordinate, low displacement fault network formed adjacent to the DAB Fault. This study has explored a segment of that network in the Hail Ash Shas area (HAS network). In the Helvetic nappes, work has predominantly focused on a late to post-nappe emplacement fault network. Most faults in this network cannot be traced beyond a single outcrop and typically have throws <10m. Hydrothermal calcite fill in the primary slip zones (PSZs) and arrays of macroscopic extension veins in the adjacent damage zones indicate significant dilation in both systems. Importantly, the association between extension veins and faulting indicates low differential stress and near-lithostatic fluid pressure (Pf) at failure and thus predominantly fluid-driven failure. D18O compositions of vein calcite in the DAB Fault vary from host rock values (>25.5 per mil) to 13.7 per mil. In the Helvetics, d18O compositions of vein calcite vary from host rock values (>19 per mil) to 10.6 per mil. The extent of 18O-depletion in both systems can be caused only by influx of fluids from one or more external reservoirs with d18O compositions that are in disequilibrium with the host rock. Reactive transport modelling indicates that the DAB Fault has a time-integrated-fluid-flux (TIFF) of 100,000mol/cm2, whereas the HAS network has a modelled TIFF of 1,000,000mol/cm2. In comparison, the Solalex network (in the Helvetic nappes) has an estimated TIFF of 500mol/cm2 . While externally-sourced fluids infiltrated the DAB Fault along much of its strike length, the distribution of strongly 18O depleted vein compositions in the DAB Fault system indicates a very heterogeneous distribution of high fluid flux. Structural features such as some segment boundaries and termination zones locally hosted high fluid fluxes. However, this relationship is not ubiquitous and varies with time. This highlights the 4D complexity of fluid pathways in the DAB Fault. The TIFF estimate for the HAS network is an order of magnitude greater than for the DAB Fault. This demonstrates the effectiveness of low displacement fault networks for fluid transport, even when they are proximal to large co-active faults. The high pore fluid factors and complex hydraulic connectivity in this fault network suggests that it may have predominantly evolved as an invasion percolation network. In contrast to the DAB Fault, the network of faults in the Helvetic nappes has much lower modelled TIFF. However, the limited spatial extent of faults and apparent lack of 2D geometric connectivity, combined with the evidence for transport distances >1km again highlights the complexity of 3D hydraulic connectivity and indicates that relatively immature fault systems can still effectively drain overpressured reservoirs.
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Weber, S. "Insights into the formation of the Stuart Shelf iron-oxide-copper-gold (uranium) system from magnetotellurics." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/106281.

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This item is only available electronically.
The Gawler Craton, South Australia, is host to many economic ore resources. Of which, iron oxide copper-gold deposits, such as Olympic Dam, Carrapateena and Wirrda Well, stand out due to the quality and abundance of their ore resources. Understanding the mechanisms of their formation is vital for defining exploration models for future development. 166 stations of magnetotelluric data at periods between101-104 seconds have been used to produce three, 2D models that provide insight into the electrical conductivity of the sub-surface beneath the Stuart Shelf. Links between corresponding regions of conductivity across profiles are shown by faults. It is suggested here that the faults are the fluid flow pathways for the mineralizing hydrothermal fluids. These fluids have been derived from the mantle and the surface in two phases of fluid flow causing both deposition and destruction of graphite respectively.
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2010
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Davidson, Gregg Randall. "Geochemical and isotopic investigation of the rate and pathway of fluid flow in partially-welded fractured unsaturated tuff." 1995. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1995_97_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Books on the topic "Fluid flow pathways"

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Thomas, Ranjeny, and Andrew P. Cope. Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0109.

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In depth molecular and cellular analysis of synovial tissue and fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis has provided important insights into understanding disease pathogenesis. Advances in the 1980s and 1990s included modern cloning strategies, sensitive and specific assays for inflammatory mediators, production of high-affinity neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, advances in flow cytometry, and gene targeting and transgenic strategies in rodents. In the 21st century, technological platforms offer unparalleled opportunities for systematic and unbiased interrogation of the disease process at a whole-genome level. Here we describe the key molecular and cellular characteristics of the inflamed synovium and how infiltrating cells get there. With this background, we outline current concepts of the different phases of disease, how the first phase of genetic susceptibility evolves into autoimmunity, triggered by the exposome, prior to the onset of clinically apparent inflammatory disease. We then describe the pathways that actively contribute to this early inflammatory phase and document the key effector cells and molecules of the innate and adaptive immune systems that orchestrate and maintain chronic synovial inflammatory responses. We summarize how this inflammatory milieu translates to cartilage destruction and bone resorption in synovial joints, and conclude by reviewing those factors in inflamed synovium that promote immune homeostasis.
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Book chapters on the topic "Fluid flow pathways"

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Miguel, António F., and Luiz A. O. Rocha. "Tree-Shaped High Thermal Conductivity Pathways." In Tree-Shaped Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer, 95–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73260-2_7.

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Riehl, Brandon D., Henry J. Donahue, and Jung Yul Lim. "Fluid Flow Control of Stem Cells With Investigation of Mechanotransduction Pathways." In Biology and Engineering of Stem Cell Niches, 257–72. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802734-9.00017-2.

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WuDunn, Darrell. "Trabeculectomy and Tube Shunts." In Complications of Glaucoma Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195382365.003.0009.

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Trabeculectomy surgery is the most common operative procedure for managing glaucoma. Although the techniques have evolved over the decades, the basic procedure remains the same since filtering surgery was first performed a century ago: a scleral fistula enables aqueous fluid to drain into the subconjunctival space and create a bleb. Despite the long history of trabeculectomy surgery, the mechanisms of how aqueous fluid ultimately exits the eye after trabeculectomy are still not well characterized. Aqueous tube shunts are becoming more popular among glaucoma surgeons as an alternative to trabeculectomy in eyes with previously failed blebs or in eyes at high risk for bleb failure. Although the mechanism of aqueous outflow following tube shunt implantation may be similar to the mechanism after trabeculectomy, key differences exist that may be important for future developments in glaucoma surgery. Multiple potential routes of aqueous drainage exist for both trabeculectomy and tube shunt implants. Thus, aqueous drainage can be thought of as a complex system of pathways arranged in series and in parallel. In general, fluid flowing through any system will be directed according to the resistance along each potential pathway. After glaucoma surgery, the arrangement and resistance through these pathways will depend on the wound healing response (see Chapter 3), and thus the mechanism of aqueous drainage will alter as the wound healing response evolves. However, it is likely that one or 2 main routes of drainage will dominate as the tissue reaction stabilizes. When Cairns first described the trabeculectomy procedure, he argued that aqueous humor would flow out through the cut ends of Schlemm’s canal without subconjunctival drainage. However, as the procedure is currently performed, a filtering bleb is almost always created, and a block of trabecular meshwork is not consistently excised. Thus, modern trabeculectomy is a filtering procedure in which aqueous passes through the sclera into the subconjunctival space overlying the scleral flap. The existence of a filtering bleb does not eliminate the possibility of aqueous outflow through Schlemm’s canal into the aqueous veins. Indeed, tracer studies suggest that some aqueous enters the aqueous veins.
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Anderson, S. W., S. M. McColley, J. H. Fink, and R. K. Hudson. "The development of fluid instabilities and preferred pathways in lava flow interiors: Insights from analog experiments and fractal analysis." In Kinematics and dynamics of lava flows. Geological Society of America, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2396-5.147.

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R. Nartissov, Yaroslav. "Amino Acids as Neurotransmitters. The Balance between Excitation and Inhibition as a Background for Future Clinical Applications." In Recent Advances in Neurochemistry [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103760.

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For more than 30 years, amino acids have been well-known (and essential) participants in neurotransmission. They act as both neuromediators and metabolites in nervous tissue. Glycine and glutamic acid (glutamate) are prominent examples. These amino acids are agonists of inhibitory and excitatory membrane receptors, respectively. Moreover, they play essential roles in metabolic pathways and energy transformation in neurons and astrocytes. Despite their obvious effects on the brain, their potential role in therapeutic methods remains uncertain in clinical practice. In the current chapter, a comparison of the crosstalk between these two systems, which are responsible for excitation and inhibition in neurons, is presented. The interactions are discussed at the metabolic, receptor, and transport levels. Reaction-diffusion and a convectional flow into the interstitial fluid create a balanced distribution of glycine and glutamate. Indeed, the neurons’ final physiological state is a result of a balance between the excitatory and inhibitory influences. However, changes to the glycine and/or glutamate pools under pathological conditions can alter the state of nervous tissue. Thus, new therapies for various diseases may be developed on the basis of amino acid medication.
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Bethke, Craig M. "Sediment Diagenesis." In Geochemical Reaction Modeling. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195094756.003.0023.

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Diagenesis is the set of processes by which sediments evolve after they are deposited and begin to be buried. Diagenesis includes physical effects such as compaction and the deformation of grains in the sediment (or sedimentary rock), as well as chemical reactions such as the dissolution of grains and the precipitation of minerals to form cements in the sediment's pore space. The chemical aspects of diagenesis are of special interest here. Formerly, geologists considered chemical diagenesis to be a process by which the minerals and pore fluid in a sediment reacted with each other in response to changes in temperature, pressure, and stress. As early as the 1960s and especially since the 1970s, however, geologists have recognized that many diagenetic reactions occur in systems open to groundwater flow and mass transfer. The reactions proceed in response to a supply of reactants introduced into the sediments by flowing groundwater, which also serves to remove reaction products. Hay (1963, 1966), in studies of the origin of diagenetic zeolite, was perhaps the first to emphasize the effects of mass transport on sediment diagenesis. He showed that sediments open to groundwater flow followed reaction pathways different from those observed in sediments through which flow was restricted. Sibley and Blatt (1976) used cathodoluminescence microscopy to observe the Tuscarora orthoquartzite of the Appalachian basin. The almost nonporous Tuscarora had previously been taken as a classic example of pressure welding, but the microscopy demonstrated that the rock is not especially well compacted but, instead, tightly cemented. The rock consists of as much as 40% quartz (SiO2) cement that was apparently deposited by advecting groundwater. By the end of the decade, Hayes (1979) and Surdam and Boles (1979) argued forcefully that the extent to which diagenesis has altered sediments in sedimentary basins can be explained only by recognition of the role of groundwater flow in transporting dissolved mass. This view has become largely accepted among geoscientists, although it is clear that the scale of groundwater flow might range from the regional (e.g., Bethke and Marshak, 1990) to circulation cells perhaps as small as tens of meters (e.g., Bjorlykke and Egeberg, 1993; Aplin and Warren, 1994).
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Thomas, Ranjeny, and Andrew P. Cope. "Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis." In Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology, 839–48. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0109_update_002.

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In depth molecular and cellular analysis of synovial tissue and fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis has provided important insights into understanding disease pathogenesis. Advances in the 1980s and 1990s included modern cloning strategies, sensitive and specific assays for inflammatory mediators, production of high-affinity neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, advances in flow cytometry, and gene targeting and transgenic strategies in rodents. In the 21st century, technological platforms offer unparalleled opportunities for systematic and unbiased interrogation of the disease process at a whole-genome level. Here we describe the key molecular and cellular characteristics of the inflamed synovium and how infiltrating cells get there. With this background, we outline current concepts of the different phases of disease, how the first phase of genetic susceptibility evolves into autoimmunity, triggered by the exposome, prior to the onset of clinically apparent inflammatory disease. We then describe the pathways that actively contribute to this early inflammatory phase and document the key effector cells and molecules of the innate and adaptive immune systems that orchestrate and maintain chronic synovial inflammatory responses. We summarize how this inflammatory milieu translates to cartilage destruction and bone resorption in synovial joints, and conclude by reviewing those factors in inflamed synovium that promote immune homeostasis.
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Tierney, Stephen. "Dynamics: Changing Federal Constitutions." In The Federal Contract, 253—C10.N144. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806745.003.0010.

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Abstract This chapter addresses how the constitutional purpose of federalism, and the principles which flow from it, shape the dynamics of federal constitutionalism in theory and in practice. In defining the purpose and principles of federalism in earlier chapters a key conclusion was that a federal constitution is a complex matrix of authority which must constantly manage the tension between pluralism and union. To this end the mechanics of constitutional change should offer an appropriate safety valve, relieving pressure in the system and adjusting the direction of the constitution, towards either greater territorial pluralism or stronger union, as the interplay between the polity’s underlying political conditions and the temper of its internal societies shifts. The chapter considers entrenchment and its suitability to a federal constitution. Is the balance between pluralism and union better maintained through constitutional provisions that embed foundational institutional arrangements, or by a more fluid constitutional arrangement that facilitates political openness, allowing stresses within the system to be eased through flexible pathways to change? To this end the chapter considers the different ways in which federal constitutions in practice manage formal constitutional change and addresses both the institutional architecture of constitutional amendment and the ways in which different entrenchment rules can apply to different constitutional provisions within federal systems. The chapter also addresses how change is managed or developed by the courts. Judicial interpretation within federal systems, as within unitary constitutions, has proven to be crucial to the evolution of constitutional meaning, in some cases serving to transform fundamentally the very character and identity of the federal contract.
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"Main Characteristics of an Aquifer The main function of the aquifer is to provide underground storage for the retention and release of gravitational water. Aquifers can be characterized by indices that reflect their ability to recover moisture held in pores in the earth (only the large pores give up their water easily). These indices are related to the volume of exploitable water. Other aquifer characteristics include: • Effective porosity corresponds to the ratio of the volume of “gravitational” water at saturation, which is released under the effect of gravity, to the total volume of the medium containing this water. It generally varies between 0.1% and 30%. Effective porosity is a parameter determined in the laboratory or in the field. • Storage coefficient is the ratio of the water volume released or stored, per unit of area of the aquifer, to the corresponding variations in hydraulic head 'h. The storage coefficient is used to characterize the volume of useable water more precisely, and governs the storage of gravitational water in the reservoir voids. This coefficient is extremely low for confined groundwater; in fact, it represents the degree of the water compression. • Hydraulic conductivity at saturation relates to Darcy’s law and characterizes the effect of resistance to flow due to friction forces. These forces are a function of the characteristics of the soil matrix, and of the fluid viscosity. It is determined in the laboratory or directly in the field by a pumping test. • Transmissivity is the discharge of water that flows from an aquifer per unit width under the effect of a unit of hydraulic gradient. It is equal to the product of the saturation hydraulic conductivity and of the thickness (height) of the groundwater. • Diffusivity characterizes the speed of the aquifer response to a disturbance: (variations in the water level of a river or the groundwater, pumping). It is expressed by the ratio between the transmissivity and the storage coefficient. Effective and Fictitious Flow Velocity: Groundwater Discharge As we saw earlier in this chapter, water flow through permeable layers in saturated zones is governed by Darcy’s Law. The flow velocity is in reality the fictitious velocity of the water flowing through the total flow section. Bearing in mind that a section is not necessarily representative of the entire soil mass, Figure 7.7 illustrates how flow does not follow a straight path through a section; in fact, the water flows much more rapidly through the available pathways (the tortuosity effect). The groundwater discharge Q is the volume of water per unit of time that flows through a cross-section of aquifer under the effect of a given hydraulic gradient. The discharge of a groundwater aquifer through a specified soil section can be expressed by the equation:." In Hydrology, 229–30. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10426-57.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fluid flow pathways"

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Houben, M., J. Van Eeden, and S. Hangx. "Fluid Flow Pathways in Shales: Damage Induced Permeability Change." In Sixth EAGE Shale Workshop. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201900307.

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Lu, X. Lucas, Bo Huo, Andrew D. Baik, and X. Edward Guo. "Calcium Signaling in Bone Cell Networks Induced by Fluid Flow." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206043.

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Mechanical stimuli such as fluid flow can induce robust multiple intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) peaks in connected bone cell networks [1]. This fluid flow induced oscillation of [Ca2+]i can come from two sources: intracellular Ca2+ stores (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum, ER) and the extracellular environment. Moreover, [Ca2+]i signaling is mediated by various molecular pathways, such as IP3, ATP, PGE2, and NO. Osteocytes are believed to comprise a sensory network in bone tissue that monitors in vivo mechanical loading and triggers appropriate adaptive responses from osteoblasts and osteoclasts [2]. It is also well recognized that osteoblasts, the cells responsible for bone formation, can directly sense and respond to mechanical stimulation (e.g., fluid flow). In the present study, two types of cell networks were constructed in vitro with osteocyte-like and osteoblast-like cells, respectively, by using microcontact printing and self assembled monolayer (SAM) technologies. The calcium responses of the two types of cell networks to fluid flow were recorded, quantitatively analyzed, and compared. Then we examined how the [Ca2+]i response in the osteocyte cell network was influenced by gap junctions, intra/extracellular calcium sources, and other various molecular pathways.
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Surpless, Benjamin, Mark Mlella, and Sarah Wigginton. "CHALLENGES IN PREDICTING FRACTURE NETWORK EVOLUTION AND FLUID FLOW PATHWAYS IN LAYERED LIMESTONE FOLD SYSTEMS." In 50th Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016sc-273330.

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Baik, Andrew D., X. Lucas Lu, Bo Huo, X. Sherry Liu, Cheng Dong, and X. Edward Guo. "A Semi-3D Real-Time Imaging Technique for Measuring Bone Cell Deformation Under Fluid Flow." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206524.

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Bone cells respond to fluid shear loading by activating various biochemical pathways, mediating a dynamic process of bone formation and resorption. The whole-cell volume dilatation [1] and regional deformation of intracellular structures [2] may be able to directly activate and modulate relevant biochemical pathways. Therefore, understanding how bone cells deform under fluid flow can help elucidate the fundamental mechanisms by which mechanical stimuli are able to initiate biochemical responses. Most studies on cell deformation have focused only on cell deformation in the plane parallel to the substrate surface. Height-dependent cell deformation has not been well characterized even though it may contribute greatly to mechanotransduction mechanisms. Traditional techniques to obtain this additional height information of a cell-body, such as confocal and deconvolution microscopy, are inherently limited by the timescale under which the deformational information can be visualized. Previous studies have investigated cell adhesion to substrate under flow using a single view side-view imaging technique [3, 4]. In this study, we present a novel technique that is able to image a single cell simultaneously in two orthogonal planes to obtain real-time images of a cell at a millisecond timescale. Thus, the objectives of this study were to: (1) develop an imaging technique to visualize the depth-directional information of a cell simultaneously with the traditional 2D view; (2) map out the strain fields of the cell by image analysis; and (3) investigate the viscoelastic behavior of osteoblasts under steady fluid flow.
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Prince, Chekema, Mingyao Gu, and Sean D. Peterson. "Flow in the Vascular System Post Stent Implantation: Examining the Near-Stent Flow Physics." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80045.

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As a simplified stent model, fully-developed flow of an incompressible, Newtonian fluid through a curved tube with axially aligned wall protuberances is investigated to define the impact of stent implantation on hemodynamic behavior in curved vessels. According to previous research local hemodynamics tends to trigger biochemical pathways that result in the inception and progression of in-stent restenosis (ISR) and ultimately lead to stent failure. In this manuscript, we focus on hemodynamic changes due to stent strut protrusion into the vessel lumen as a facilitator of ISR. We investigate a range of physiologically relevant stent strut heights and flow parameters using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
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Mohais, Rosemarie, Chaoshui Xu, and Peter A. Dowd. "Fluid Flow Through Branched Channels in a Fracture Plane in an Enhanced Geothermal System." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87153.

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Fluid flow in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) occurs primarily through fractures which are embedded in an almost impermeable granite rock matrix. Experimental and numerical studies have shown that flow in fractures exhibits channeling effects; this means that flow occurs along preferred pathways, most likely the paths of least resistance. There has been evidence to date of dendritic and star-like patterns in granite and as a result, authors have used fractal theory in order to address flow phenomena in these patterns. The application of Bejan’s Constructal theory to this problem however has never been attempted. We base our model on dendritic patterns of flow paths in heterogeneous rock fractures. Flow enters into a main channel which bifurcates into daughter channels of unique dimensions of length and height. We study these parameters for consecutive channels in the flow path and show that for minimization of resistance to flow within a plane using area and volume constraints for a T-shaped channel, a simple relationship holds for the ratios of lengths and heights which will enable maximum flow for this configuration.
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Galie, Peter A., and Jan P. Stegemann. "Cyclic Strain and Interstitial Flow Modulate Cardiac Fibroblast Phenotype Through Angiotensin II and TGF-β Pathways." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53924.

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A fibrotic scar in the myocardium is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition, loss of functioning cardiomyocytes, and the transition of healthy cardiac fibroblasts to a myofibroblast phenotype. Previous research has suggested that the myofibroblast transition is mediated by mechanical stimuli including cyclic strain [1–2] and interstitial fluid flow [3–5].
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Baik, Andrew D., X. Lucas Lu, Elizabeth M. Hillman, Cheng Dong, and X. Edward Guo. "Pseudo-3D Visualization of Cytoskeletal and Whole-Cell Deformation of MLO-Y4 Osteocytes Under Flow." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19239.

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Osteocytes respond to fluid shear loading by activating various biochemical pathways, mediating a dynamic process of bone formation and resorption. Whole-cell [1] and intracellular deformation [2] may be able to directly activate and modulate relevant biochemical pathways. Most studies on cell deformation have focused only on cell deformation in the plane parallel to the substrate surface. However, height-dependent cell deformation has not been well characterized even though it may contribute greatly to mechanotransduction mechanisms. Traditional techniques to obtain this additional height information of a cell-body include confocal and deconvolution microscopy, which require scanning a z-stack of the cell. However, this inherently limits the timescale under which the deformational information can be visualized. To further investigate this behavior at a high temporal resolution, we propose using a “pseudo-3D” microscopy method to better characterize osteocyte cell behavior. In this study, we present a novel technique that is able to image a single cell simultaneously in two orthogonal planes to obtain real-time images of cell at a millisecond timescale. The objectives of this study were to: (1) visualize actin or microtubule networks with the plasma membrane in two orthogonal planes simultaneously under fluid shear; (2) map out the deformations using digital image correlation; and (3) compare the depth-directional deformation of actin and microtubule networks of osteocytes.
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Anderson, Eric J., Adam Sorkin, and Melissa L. Knothe Tate. "Performance Evaluation of Four Cell Flow Chambers: How Well Is Stress Controlled at a Cellular Level?" In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61837.

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Fluid structure interactions at the cellular level are poorly understood yet they appear to be universal across tissue types and may hold the key to unraveling mechanisms of mechanotransduction at a cellular and subcellular level. Due to practical difficulties in studying cells in situ during normal physiologic activity, cell perfusion chambers have been developed to simulate physiologic fluid flow in vitro. While this approach has obvious advantages for unraveling cell signaling pathways in mechanotransduction, little is known with regard to how well these in vitro flow profiles emulate actual physiologic flow. The purpose of this computational study was to compare the local stress imparted through fluid flow in four cell perfusion chambers. From the computational models, in each chamber, varying velocity components cause the local shear stress imparted to the cells to vary as a function of location, and in fact only a limited number of cells are exposed to target stress. Due to differences in flow regimes between the four chambers, comparison between experimental data obtained using different perfusion chambers may be inappropriate.
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Stromberg, J. M., Erik Barr, Lisa VanLoon, and Neil R. Banerjee. "GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE DOME MINE ANKERITE VEINS; INSIGHTS INTO FLUID FLOW PATHWAYS AND THE MULTI-STAGE ENRICHMENT OF A WORLD-CLASS OROGENIC GOLD DEPOSIT." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-307657.

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Reports on the topic "Fluid flow pathways"

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Harris, L. B., P. Adiban, and E. Gloaguen. The role of enigmatic deep crustal and upper mantle structures on Au and magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr mineralization in the Superior Province. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328984.

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Aeromagnetic and ground gravity data for the Canadian Superior Province, filtered to extract long wavelength components and converted to pseudo-gravity, highlight deep, N-S trending regional-scale, rectilinear faults and margins to discrete, competent mafic or felsic granulite blocks (i.e. at high angles to most regional mapped structures and sub-province boundaries) with little to no surface expression that are spatially associated with lode ('orogenic') Au and Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr occurrences. Statistical and machine learning analysis of the Red Lake-Stormy Lake region in the W Superior Province confirms visual inspection for a greater correlation between Au deposits and these deep N-S structures than with mapped surface to upper crustal, generally E-W trending, faults and shear zones. Porphyry Au, Ni, Mo and U-Th showings are also located above these deep transverse faults. Several well defined concentric circular to elliptical structures identified in the Oxford Stull and Island Lake domains along the S boundary of the N Superior proto-craton, intersected by N- to NNW striking extensional fractures and/or faults that transect the W Superior Province, again with little to no direct surface or upper crustal expression, are spatially associated with magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr and related mineralization and Au occurrences. The McFaulds Lake greenstone belt, aka. 'Ring of Fire', constitutes only a small, crescent-shaped belt within one of these concentric features above which 2736-2733 Ma mafic-ultramafic intrusions bodies were intruded. The Big Trout Lake igneous complex that hosts Cr-Pt-Pd-Rh mineralization west of the Ring of Fire lies within a smaller concentrically ringed feature at depth and, near the Ontario-Manitoba border, the Lingman Lake Au deposit, numerous Au occurrences and minor Ni showings, are similarly located on concentric structures. Preliminary magnetotelluric (MT) interpretations suggest that these concentric structures appear to also have an expression in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) and that lithospheric mantle resistivity features trend N-S as well as E-W. With diameters between ca. 90 km to 185 km, elliptical structures are similar in size and internal geometry to coronae on Venus which geomorphological, radar, and gravity interpretations suggest formed above mantle upwellings. Emplacement of mafic-ultramafic bodies hosting Ni-Cr-PGE mineralization along these ringlike structures at their intersection with coeval deep transverse, ca. N-S faults (viz. phi structures), along with their location along the margin to the N Superior proto-craton, are consistent with secondary mantle upwellings portrayed in numerical models of a mantle plume beneath a craton with a deep lithospheric keel within a regional N-S compressional regime. Early, regional ca. N-S faults in the W Superior were reactivated as dilatational antithetic (secondary Riedel/R') sinistral shears during dextral transpression and as extensional fractures and/or normal faults during N-S shortening. The Kapuskasing structural zone or uplift likely represents Proterozoic reactivation of a similar deep transverse structure. Preservation of discrete faults in the deep crust beneath zones of distributed Neoarchean dextral transcurrent to transpressional shear zones in the present-day upper crust suggests a 'millefeuille' lithospheric strength profile, with competent SCLM, mid- to deep, and upper crustal layers. Mechanically strong deep crustal felsic and mafic granulite layers are attributed to dehydration and melt extraction. Intra-crustal decoupling along a ductile décollement in the W Superior led to the preservation of early-formed deep structures that acted as conduits for magma transport into the overlying crust and focussed hydrothermal fluid flow during regional deformation. Increase in the thickness of semi-brittle layers in the lower crust during regional metamorphism would result in an increase in fracturing and faulting in the lower crust, facilitating hydrothermal and carbonic fluid flow in pathways linking SCLM to the upper crust, a factor explaining the late timing for most orogenic Au. Results provide an important new dataset for regional prospectively mapping, especially with machine learning, and exploration targeting for Au and Ni-Cr-Cu-PGE mineralization. Results also furnish evidence for parautochthonous development of the S Superior Province during plume-related rifting and cannot be explained by conventional subduction and arc-accretion models.
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