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Academic literature on the topic 'Fluid flow in DFN'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fluid flow in DFN"

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Zhang, Jing, Richeng Liu, Liyuan Yu, Shuchen Li, Xiaolin Wang, and Ding Liu. "An Equivalent Pipe Network Modeling Approach for Characterizing Fluid Flow through Three-Dimensional Fracture Networks: Verification and Applications." Water 14, no. 10 (May 16, 2022): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14101582.

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The equivalent pipe network (EPN) model is an effective way to model fluid flow in large-scale fractured rock masses with a complex fracture network due to its straightforwardness and computational efficiency. This study presents the EPN model for characterizing fluid flow through three-dimensional fracture networks using the Monte-Carlo method. The EPN model is extracted from an original three-dimensional discrete fracture network (DFN) model and is used to simulate the fluid flow processes. The validity of the proposed EPN modeling approach is verified via the comparisons of permeability (k) with analytical solutions and simulation results reported in the literature. The results show that the numerically calculated k using EPN models agrees well with the analytical values of simplified DFN models and the simulation results of complex DFN models. The k increases following an exponential function with the increment of mean length of exponentially distributed fractures (u), which is strongly correlated with fracture density (P32) and average intersection length (Li). The P32 increases in an exponential way with the increment of u. The Li increases as u increases, following a power-law function. The increment of u leads to the increment of a number of long fractures in three-dimensional DFN models. A larger u results in a denser fracture network and a stronger conductivity when the number and length distribution range of fractures remain the same. The representative elementary volumes (REVs) of three-dimensional DFN models with u = 9 m and P32 = 0.4 m2/m3 are determined as 2.36 × 104 m3, 9.16 × 103 m3, and 1.26 × 104 m3 in 3 flow directions, respectively.
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Namdari, Sajad, Alireza Baghbanan, and Hamid Hashemolhosseini. "INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE DISCONTINUITY DIRECTION ON FLUID FLOW IN POROUS ROCK MASSES ON A LARGE-SCALE USING HYBRID FVM-DFN AND STREAMLINE SIMULATION." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 36, no. 4 (2021): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2021.4.5.

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Understanding the fluid behaviour in rock masses is of great importance in various rock mass-related engineering projects, such as seepage in tunnels, geothermal reservoirs, and hazardous waste disposal. Different approaches have been implemented to study the flow pattern in fractured porous rock masses. Laboratory experiments can provide good information regarding this issue, but high expenses aside, they are time-consuming and suffer the lack of ability to study field scale mediums. Numerical methods are beneficial in simulating such mediums with the Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) method in terms of costs and time as they offer sufficient flexibility and creativity. In this paper, a Matlab code was extended to study the flow regime in a Dual Permeability Media (DPM) with two point sources in the right and left side of the model as an injector and a producer well, respectively. A high permeability discontinuity with different angles was embedded in a very low-permeability limestone matrix. Pressure equations were solved implicitly with a two-point flux approximation scheme of the Finite Volume Method (FVM). Streamlines were traced in the medium and used to analyse the model’s hydraulic behaviour with the aid of Time Of Flight (TOF) for each point. The results show that the FVM-DFN hybrid method can be used as a fast method for fluid flow in DPM with the aid of streamline simulation to study the fluid flow in a large model with discontinuity.
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Akara, Mahawa Essa Mabossani, Donald M. Reeves, and Rishi Parashar. "Enhancing fracture-network characterization and discrete-fracture-network simulation with high-resolution surveys using unmanned aerial vehicles." Hydrogeology Journal 28, no. 7 (June 18, 2020): 2285–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02178-y.

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Abstract A workflow is presented that integrates unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery with discrete fracture network (DFN) geometric characterization and quantification of fluid flow. The DFN analysis allows for reliable characterization and reproduction of the most relevant features of fracture networks, including: identification of orientation sets and their characteristics (mean orientation, dispersion, and prior probability); scale invariance in distributions of fracture length and spatial location/clustering; and the distribution of aperture values used to compute network-scale equivalent permeability. A two-dimensional DFN-generation approach honors field data by explicitly reproducing observed multi-scale fracture clustering using a multiplicative cascade process and power law distribution of fracture length. The influence of aperture on network-scale equivalent permeability is investigated using comparisons between a sublinear aperture-to-length relationship and constant aperture. To assess the applicability of the developed methodology, DFN flow simulations are calibrated to pumping test data. Results suggest that even at small scales, UAV surveys capture the essential geometrical properties required for fluid flow characterization. Both the constant and sublinear aperture scaling approaches provide good matches to the pumping test results with only minimal calibration, indicating that the reproduced networks sufficiently capture the geometric and connectivity properties characteristic of the granitic rocks at the study site. The sublinear aperture scaling case honors the directions of dominant fractures that play a critical role in connecting fracture clusters and provides a realistic representation of network permeability.
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Wenli, Yao, Mostafa Sharifzadeh, Zhen Yang, Guang Xu, and Zhigang Fang. "Assessment of fracture characteristics controlling fluid flow performance in discrete fracture networks (DFN)." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 178 (July 2019): 1104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.04.011.

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Shi, Di, Liping Li, Jianjun Liu, Mingyang Wu, Yishan Pan, and Jupeng Tang. "Effect of discrete fractures with or without roughness on seepage characteristics of fractured rocks." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 7 (July 2022): 073611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0097025.

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This study proposes a new fractal permeability model for fractured rocks that comprehensively accounts for the geometric fracture characteristics and the fluid transport mechanism. Then, the permeability changes of fractured rocks are analyzed using discrete fracture networks (DFNs) with or without roughness and different geometry parameters in the DFN modeling and finite element simulation. The results show that the proposed permeability model well agrees with the experimental data, and the established DFN numerical model more realistically reflects the fracture network in fractured rocks. Fluctuation of tortuous fracture lines (rough fractures) increases the fracture intersection probability, consequently increasing the fracture intersection area or connecting adjacent fractures. Moreover, permeability increases with the fractal dimension Df, porosity ϕ, maximum fracture length lmax, and proportionality coefficient β, and it decreases with increasing fractal dimension DTf of fracture tortuosity. When the fracture proportionality coefficient is 0.001 ≤ β ≤ 0.01, different DFNs yield similar simulation results for permeability. However, with increasing fracture network complexity, the predictive model created using conventional DFN (C-DFN) increasingly overestimates the fractured rock permeability. Thus, building a permeability model for a fractured rock using rough DFN (R-DFN) is more effective than that using C-DFN. Our findings are helpful for real permeability predictions via DFN and analytical modeling.
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Alvarez, Leidy Laura, Leonardo José do Nascimento Guimarães, Igor Fernandes Gomes, Leila Beserra, Leonardo Cabral Pereira, Tiago Siqueira de Miranda, Bruno Maciel, and José Antônio Barbosa. "Impact of Fracture Topology on the Fluid Flow Behavior of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs." Energies 14, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 5488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175488.

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Fluid flow modeling of naturally fractured reservoirs remains a challenge because of the complex nature of fracture systems controlled by various chemical and physical phenomena. A discrete fracture network (DFN) model represents an approach to capturing the relationship of fractures in a fracture system. Topology represents the connectivity aspect of the fracture planes, which have a fundamental role in flow simulation in geomaterials involving fractures and the rock matrix. Therefore, one of the most-used methods to treat fractured reservoirs is the double porosity-double permeability model. This approach requires the shape factor calculation, a key parameter used to determine the effects of coupled fracture-matrix fluid flow on the mass transfer between different domains. This paper presents a numerical investigation that aimed to evaluate the impact of fracture topology on the shape factor and equivalent permeability through hydraulic connectivity (f). This study was based on numerical simulations of flow performed in discrete fracture network (DFN) models embedded in finite element meshes (FEM). Modeled cases represent four hypothetical examples of fractured media and three real scenarios extracted from a Brazilian pre-salt carbonate reservoir model. We have compared the results of the numerical simulations with data obtained using Oda’s analytical model and Oda’s correction approach, considering the hydraulic connectivity f. The simulations showed that the equivalent permeability and the shape factor are strongly influenced by the hydraulic connectivity (f) in synthetic scenarios for X and Y-node topological patterns, which showed the higher value for f (0.81) and more expressive values for upscaled permeability (kx-node = 0.1151 and ky-node = 0.1153) and shape factor (25.6 and 14.5), respectively. We have shown that the analytical methods are not efficient for estimating the equivalent permeability of the fractured medium, including when these methods were corrected using topological aspects.
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WANG, XIAOSHAN, YUJING JIANG, RICHENG LIU, BO LI, and ZAIQUAN WANG. "A NUMERICAL STUDY OF EQUIVALENT PERMEABILITY OF 2D FRACTAL ROCK FRACTURE NETWORKS." Fractals 28, no. 01 (February 2020): 2050014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x20500140.

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This paper presents a numerical study on the equivalent permeability of a fractured rock. A series of two-dimensional discrete fracture network (DFN) models for the calculation of equivalent permeability are generated based on discrete element method (DEM). A sufficient large “parent” DFN model is generated based on the data obtained from a site investigation result of Three Gorges Project in China. Smaller DFN models are extracted from the large “parent” DFN model to calculate the equivalent permeability with an interval of rotation angle of [Formula: see text]. Fluid flow through fractures in both horizontal and vertical directions is simulated. The results show that when the side length of DFN models are larger than 40[Formula: see text]m, the equivalent permeability of both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] become stable, indicating that a DFN model size of 40[Formula: see text]m can be approximated as a representative elementary volume (REV) for those studied rocks. Penetration ellipses are fitted using the least square method on the basis of the calculated equivalent permeability tensor and the main seepage directions of this fractured rock were determined as 63–67[Formula: see text]. Fractal characteristics of DFN models are analyzed with box-counting method by changing the fracture trace length and fracture density, and the results show that equivalent permeability exhibits a logarithmic increasing trend with the increment of fractal dimension.
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Massaro, L., A. Corradetti, F. Vinci, S. Tavani, A. Iannace, M. Parente, and S. Mazzoli. "Multiscale Fracture Analysis in a Reservoir-Scale Carbonate Platform Exposure (Sorrento Peninsula, Italy): Implications for Fluid Flow." Geofluids 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7526425.

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We derive the discrete fracture network (DFN) of a Lower Cretaceous carbonate platform succession exposed at Mt. Faito (Southern Apennines), which represents a good outcrop analogue of the coeval productive units of the buried Apulian Platform in the Basilicata oilfields. A stochastic distribution of joints has been derived by sampling at two different scales of observation. At the outcrop scale, we measured fracture attributes by means of scan lines. At a larger scale, we extracted fracture attributes from a 3D model. This multiscale survey showed the occurrence of an arresting bed for through-going fractures, which is characterized by a low relative permeability, determining a vertical compartmentalization. The DFN model, obtained by integrating fieldwork and numerical modelling by means of the 3D-Move® software, shows a well-defined relationship of permeability and fracture porosity with the relative connectivity of the fracture network. The latter is influenced by the length and aperture and to a lesser extent by the fracture intensity. The permeability distribution obtained for our outcrop analogue can be used to inform modelling of the Basilicata oilfield reservoirs, although the different burial history between the exposed Apennine Platform and the buried Apulian Platform must be taken into account.
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Kurison, Clay, and Huseyin S. Kuleli. "Matrix permeability and flow-derived DFN constrain reactivated natural fracture rupture area and stress drop — Marcellus Shale microseismic example." Leading Edge 40, no. 9 (September 2021): 667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle40090667.1.

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Microseismic events associated with shale reservoir hydraulic fracturing stimulation (HFS) are interpreted to be reactivations of ubiquitous natural fractures (NFs). Despite adoption of discrete fracture network (DFN) models, accounting for NFs in fluid flow within shale reservoirs has remained a challenge. For an explicit account of NFs, this study introduced the use of seismology-based relations linking seismic moment, moment magnitude, fault rupture area, and stress drop. Microseismic data from HFS monitoring of Marcellus Shale horizontal wells had been used to derive planar hydraulic fracture geometry and source properties. The former was integrated with associated well production data found to exhibit transient linear flow. Analytical solutions led to linear flow parameters (LFPs) and system permeability for scenarios depicting flow through infinite and finite conductivity hydraulic fractures. Published core plug permeability was stress-corrected for in-situ conditions to estimate average matrix permeability. For comparison, the burial and thermal history for the study area was used in 1D Darcy-based modeling of steady and episodic expulsion of petroleum to account for geologic timescale persistence of abnormal pore pressure. Both evaluations resulted in matrix permeability in the same picodarcy (pD) range. Coupled with LFPs, reactivated NF surface area for stochastic DFNs was estimated. Subsequently, the aforementioned seismology-based relations were used for determining average stress drops needed to estimate NF rupture area matching flow-based DFN surface areas. Stress drops, comparable to values for tectonic events, were excluded. One of the determined values matched stress drops for HFS operations in past and recent seismological studies. In addition, calculated changes in pore pressure matched estimates in the aforementioned studies. This study unlocked the full potential of microseismic data beyond extraction of planar geometry attributes and stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). Here, microseismic events were explicitly used in the quantitative account of NFs in fluid flow within shale reservoirs.
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Liu, Ding, Hai Pu, Shiru Guo, Ziheng Sha, and Chong Li. "Numerical Investigations on the Effect of Fracture Length Distribution on the Representative Elementary Volume of 3D Discrete Fracture Networks." Geofluids 2022 (June 9, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8073013.

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Determination of the representative elementary volume (REV) of fractured rock masses based on equivalent permeability ( K ) is significantly dependent on the geometric characteristics of fractures. In this work, a series of numerical simulations were performed to analyze the relationship between geometric characteristics of fractures and the REV size, in which fracture length follows a power-law distribution. A method to evaluate the K of a three-dimensional (3D) discrete fracture network (DFN) by extracting the equivalent pipe network (EPN) model from the DFN model was utilized and verified. The results show that K of the 3D DFN model has an exponential relationship with the power exponent ( a ) of fracture length distribution and the evaluation of K agrees well with that reported in previous studies, confirming the reliability of the EPN model for calculating seepage properties of complex 3D DFN models. When the side length of submodels ( L n ) is small, the K varies significantly due to the influence of random number seeds used to generate fracture length, location, and orientation. The K holds a constant value after L n exceeds some specific value. The critical model scale is determined as the REV size, and the corresponding volume of the 3D DFN model is represented by V REV . The V REV varies within a narrow range when a ≤ 4.0 . When a = 4.5 , the V REV rapidly increases to more than 3.4 times than that when a = 4.0 . The fluid flow becomes more inhomogeneous due to the small nonpersistent fractures that dominate the preferential flow paths when a exceeds a certain value (i.e., 4.5). The K at the REV size decreases exponentially with the increment of a . This tendency can be explained by the decrease of the average intersection length ( L i ) with the increment of a , which is a geometric parameter for reflecting the connectivity of the fracture network.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fluid flow in DFN"

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Bos, Wouter. "Passive scalar mixing in turbulent flow." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199364.

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Le mélange d'un scalaire passif par un écoulement turbulent est étudié. D'abord, la simulation numérique directe (DNS), la simulation des grandes échelles (LES) et des arguments dimensionnels sont employés pour étudier le spectre du flux de scalaire dans une turbulence isotrope avec un gradient moyen uniforme de scalaire. Une loi d'échelle est dérivée. Cette loi conduit à des pentes du spectre variant entre -5/3 et -7/3 en zone inertielle. De premiers résultats de LES plaident en faveur d'un comportement en K^-2. Ensuite, en utilisant une fermeture en deux points (EDQNM), nous montrons qu'aux nombres de Reynolds très élevés, le spectre de flux de scalaire dans la zone intertielle se comporte en K^-7/3. Ce résultat est en accord avec l'analyse dimensionnelle classique de Lumley (1967). Aux nombres de Reynolds correspondant aux expériences de laboratoire, la fermeture conduit à des spectres plus près de K^-2. Nous montrons ensuite que le comportement en K^-2 trouvé en LES est induit par le forçage à grande échelle. La fermeture est alors appliquée au cas des écoulements homogènes cisaillés et les spectres du flux de scalaire longitudinal et transverse sont étudiés. Le spectre du flux longitudinal est trouvé proportionnelle à K^-23/9. Ce résultat est en accord avec l'expérience mais est en désaccord avec l'analyse dimensionnelle classique. Finalement, nous montrons que le lien entre la dispersion de particules et le mélange d'un scalaire permet de formuler une fermeture en deux points et un temps qui ne nécessite l'introduction d'aucune constante dans le modèle.
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Raven, Jan-Paul. "Micro-mousse : génération, écoulement et manipulation." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00192819.

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Cette thèse se situe à la frontière de deux domaines : celui de la rhéologie des mousses et celui de la microfluidique. On présente comment créer une mousse dans un système microfluidique avec une taille minimale de bulle autour de 100 μm et on étudie son écoulement. Après un rappel de l'état de l'art en microfluidique biphasique et dans le domaine de l'écoulement de mousse 2D, on présente l'ensemble de techniques expérimentales qui permettent de produire le système microfluidique et d'imager l'écoulement résultant. Ensuite, on étudie la génération de mousse microfluidique avec la méthode du pincement liquide. On mesure la dépendance des propriétés de la mousse (fraction liquide, topologie) envers les paramètres de contrôle et la géométrie. Nous montrons que la rhéologie de l'écoulement est fortement non-linéaire. La relation pression-débit présente en effet un seuil, une loi de puissance et des discontinuités liés aux transitions de topologie. On met en évidence un effet rétroactif de l'écoulement dans le canal sur la formation de la mousse, qui entraîne un comportement dynamique très riche. On trouve notamment une oscillation entre différentes topologies reliée à une instabilité qui peut être de type advectif, stationnaire ou absolu. Finalement on étudie une méthode pour l'application de forces acoustiques sur un écoulement biphasique, afin de manipuler les bulles de la mousse depuis l'extérieur.
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Brezina, Jan. "Quelques problèmes mathématiques en thermodynamique des fluides visqueux et compressibles." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443927.

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Nous présentons une théorie d'existence complète pour le système physique composé de fluides visqueux et des corps rigides plongés dedans. Nous considérons un domaine borné et les conditions aux limites de Dirichlet homogènes pour la vélocité. Le fluide et les corps sont conducteurs thermiques et ils échangent la chaleur. L'existence de la solution variationnelle globale dans le temps est démontrée par la méthode de pénalisation par la viscosité due à Conca, San Martin et Tucsnak. Dans les approximations ainsi que dans la dernière limite nous employons la théorie d'existence pour un fluide visqueux compressible développé par Feireisl. Le deuxième sujet est une amélioration dans la théorie d'existence pour un écoulement barotropique stationnaire. Nous utilisons les estimations potentielles pour la pression proposées par Plotnikov, Sokolowski, Frehse, Goj et Steinhauer. En utilisant ces estimations avec la théorie potentielle non-linéaire nous en concluons les estimations à priori et nous prouvons l'existence des solutions faibles
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Marshall, G. S. "Muiticomponent fluid flow computation." Thesis, Teesside University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384659.

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Azevedo, Victor Wagner Freire de. "Simula??o do escoamento multif?sico no interior de bombas de cavidades progressivas met?licas." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15688.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VictorWFA_DISSERT.pdf: 4406666 bytes, checksum: 17531cab6caf785a3e82578d15d0e5d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-05
The progressing cavity pumping (PCP) is one of the most applied oil lift methods nowadays in oil extraction due to its ability to pump heavy and high gas fraction flows. The computational modeling of PCPs appears as a tool to help experiments with the pump and therefore, obtain precisely the pump operational variables, contributing to pump s project and field operation otimization in the respectively situation. A computational model for multiphase flow inside a metallic stator PCP which consider the relative motion between rotor and stator was developed in the present work. In such model, the gas-liquid bubbly flow pattern was considered, which is a very common situation in practice. The Eulerian-Eulerian approach, considering the homogeneous and inhomogeneous models, was employed and gas was treated taking into account an ideal gas state. The effects of the different gas volume fractions in pump volumetric eficiency, pressure distribution, power, slippage flow rate and volumetric flow rate were analyzed. The results shown that the developed model is capable of reproducing pump dynamic behaviour under the multiphase flow conditions early performed in experimental works
O bombeio por cavidades progressivas (BCP) ? um dos m?todos de eleva??o artificial mais utilizados atualmente pela ind?stria do petr?leo devido ? sua capacidade de atuar em reservat?rios de ?leos pesados e com elevada fra??o de g?s. A modelagem computacional de BCPs surge como uma ferramenta para auxiliar os experimentos com a bomba e assim obter com precis?o as suas vari?veis de opera??o, o que contribui para a otimiza??o do projeto e da opera??o da bomba na situa??o a qual se encontra. Um modelo computacional do escoamento multif?sico no interior de uma BCP de estator met?lico que considera o movimento relativo entre o rotor e o estator foi desenvolvido no presente trabalho. Em tal modelo, o escoamento g?s-l?quido no padr?o de bolhas foi considerado, o que ? uma situa??o muito comum na pr?tica. A abordagem Euleriana- Euleriana, considerando o modelo homog?neo e n?o-homog?neo, foi empregada e o g?s foi tratado levando em considera??o um estado de gas ideal. Os efeitos das diferentes fra??es de g?s na efici?ncia da bomba, distribui??o de press?o, pot?ncia, taxa de escorregamento e vaz?o volum?trica foram analisados. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo desenvolvido ? capaz de reproduzir o comportamento din?mico da BCP sob as condi??es de escoamento multif?sico previamente realizados em trabalhos experimentais
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Oswell, J. E. "Fluid loading with mean flow." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239158.

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Padley, Robert William. "Fluid flow past rotating bodies." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396927.

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Cooper, Laura. "Investigations of lymphatic fluid flow." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/393578/.

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The lymphatic system returns fluid to the blood stream from the tissues to maintain tissue fluid homeostasis. The collecting lymphatic vessels actively pump fluid against a body scale pressure gradient, i.e., from tissue interstitial space to the venous side of the blood circulatory system. The collecting lymphatic vessels pass the lymphatic fluid to lymph nodes that filter the lymph before it is returned to the circulatory system. This thesis presents work undertaken to create a fluid structure interaction model of a lymph node with afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels. The model is built in COMSOL Multiphysics, a commercial finite element software. Four pieces of novel work are presented in this thesis. Firstly, an optimisation method used to approximate the material properties for the collecting lymphatic vessel from the pressure diameter behaviour. Secondly, model of the collecting lymphatic valve with surrounding wall used to investigate valve closing behaviour. Thirdly, an image based model of a lymph node where the material properties are optimised to experimental data and based on selective plane illumination microscopy images. Finally, an image based model of a lymph node based on computed tomography images that shows how the structure within the node affects the fluid flow pathways.
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Barker, Shaun, and sbarker@eos ubc ca. "Dynamics of fluid flow and fluid chemistry during crustal shortening." The Australian National University. Research School of Earth Sciences, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20090711.074630.

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In this thesis, an integrated structural and chemical approach has been used to investigate the spatial and temporal evolution of fluid chemistry, and fluid flow pathways, during crustal shortening. The Taemas Vein Swarm is hosted in a limestone-shale sequence, the Murrumbidgee Group, in the Eastern Belt of the Lachlan Orogen, in New South Wales, Australia. The Taemas Vein Swarm (TVS) is composed of calcite ± quartz veins, hosted in a series of faults and fractures, which extends over an area of approximately 20 km2. The Murrumbidgee Group is composed of several formations, comprising massive grey micritic limestones, redbed sandstones and shales,and thinly interbedded (10–20 cm scale) limestones and shales. ¶ The sedimentary sequence has been folded into a series of upright, open to close folds, and was probably deformed during either mid-late Devonian, or early Carboniferous, crustal shortening. To the east, the Murrumbidgee Group is overthrust by a Silurian volcanic sedimentary sequence along the Deakin-Warroo Fault System. Crosscutting and overprinting relationships demonstrate that vein growth was synchronous with folding, with different vein types related to different fold mechanisms at various stages of fold growth. ¶ Flexural slip folding led to the development of bedding-concordant veins (hereafter called bedding-parallel veins). Flexural flow in semicompetent to incompetent beds caused en echelon extension vein arrays to grow. Decoupling between beds, and dilatancy at fold hinges led to significant vein growth. In addition, fold lock-up led to limb-parallel stretching, and the growth of bedding-orthogonal extension fractures. ¶ Vein growth is inferred to have occurred in a compressional tectonic regime (i.e. sigma3=vertical). Oxygen isotope quartz-calcite thermometry suggests that veins formed at temperatures of 100–200 oC. The depth of vein formation may have been between about 5 and 8 km. Vein textures indicate that growth of veins occurred during multiple cycles of permeability enhancement and destruction. Subhorizontal extension fractures, and faults at unfavourable angles for reactivation, imply that fluid pressures exceeded lithostatic levels during the growth of some veins. Coexisting extension and shear fractures imply that differential stress levels varied over time. ¶ Flexural slip continued throughout folding at Taemas, despite some fold limbs being at angles extremely unfavourable for reactivation ( > 60). As folds approached frictional lock-up, flexural slip continued to occur when supralithostatic fluid pressures were developed. Therefore, large, bedding-discordant faults were not developed to accommodate strain during folding, explaining a deficiency of larger faults in the TVS. ¶ Infiltration of overpressured fluids occurred into the base of the Murrumbidgee Group, and was channelled into a distributed mesh of small faults and fractures. At the point that a connected ‘backbone’ flow network developed in the TVS, highpressure fluids would no longer be available to allow continuing flexural slip on fold limbs approaching lockup. Thereafter, larger faults would develop, which would adjust the fault population in the TVS to a more ‘typical’ displacement-frequency distribution. This had not occurred in the Taemas area by the time crustal shortening ceased. An abundance of small faults, and fracturing driven by invasion of overpressured fluid, implies that the TVS formed via an ‘earthquake swarm’ process. ¶ Modern analytical techniques, utilising laser ablation sampling technology, allow high-spatial resolution chemical data to be collected from syntectonic veins. Insights into the role that fluid-mineral interface processes may have on the chemistry of minerals grown in syntectonic veins were provided by an experimental study. Moderate sized ( < 1−5 mm) synthetic calcite crystals were successfully grown to investigate the uptake of rare earth elements (REE) into calcite. Changes in crystal morphology are linked to variable solution chemistry, which has important implications for the interpretation of hydrothermal vein textures. High-spatial resolution chemical analyses of synthetic calcite crystals demonstrate significant fluctuations in REE concentrations over distances of < 200 μm within calcite crystals. Time-equivalent regions on different crystal faces have significantly different REE concentrations, indicating that fluctuations in calcite trace element composition cannot be interpreted exclusively in terms of changing ‘bulk fluid’ composition. Rare earth element anomalies (Eu/Eu* and Ce/Ce*) are not significantly influenced by compositional zoning, and may be robust indicators of changes in solution bulk chemistry and fluid oxidation state. ¶ Changes in isotopic ratios (13C, 18O and 87Sr/86Sr), and trace element concentrations in veins from the TVS are related to variations in fluid source, flow pathways and chemical conditions (e.g. trace element complexation, precipitation rate, fluid oxidation) during hydrothermal fluid flow. This integrated structural, textural and chemical approach has direct application to the examination of hydrothermal veins in fracture-hosted ore deposits, and may allow the fluid source and/or chemical conditions conducive to the formation of high-grade ore to be discerned. ¶ Vein 18O compositions systematically increase upwards through the Murrumbidgee Group, caused by progressive reaction of an externally derived, low-18O fluid (of probable meteoric origin) with host limestones. Vein 18O and 87Sr/86Sr compositions vary spatially and temporally within the same outcrop, and within individual veins, which is inferred to be caused by the ascent of packages of fluid along constantly changing flow pathways. Fluid-buffered oxygen isotope ratios at the earliest stages of deformation imply that the TVS formed via an ‘invasion percolation’ process. Fluid pathways are inferred to have changed constantly, with fractures ‘toggleswitching’ between high-permeability and low-permeability states, due to repeated fracture opening and sealing events.
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Kalb, Virginia L. "Low-dimensional models for fluid flow." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1846.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Mathematics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Books on the topic "Fluid flow in DFN"

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Bernard, Roux, Nitsche Wolfgang, Schröder Wolfgang, Fujii Kozo, Haase Werner, Leer Bram, Leschziner Michael A, et al., eds. Imaging Measurement Methods for Flow Analysis: Results of the DFG Priority Programme 1147 ”Imaging Measurement Methods for Flow Analysis” 2003-2009. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009.

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Hirschel, Ernst-Heinrich. Numerical flow simulation II: CNRS-DFG collaborative research programme results 1998-2000. Berlin: Springer, 2001.

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Joint CNRS-DFG Workshop on Numerical Flow Simulation (9th 2002 Nice, France). Numerical flow simulation III: CNRS-DFG collaborative research programme, results 2000-2002. Edited by Hirschel Ernst-Heinrich. Berlin: Springer, 2003.

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Ernst-Heinrich, Hirschel, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France), and CNRS-DFG Colloquium on Numerical Flow Simulation (8th : 1999 : Berlin, Germany), eds. Numerical flow simulation II: CNRS-DFG collaborative research programme, results 1998-2000. Berlin: Springer, 2001.

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CNRS-DFG Workshop on Numerical Flow Simulation (6th 1997 Marseilles, France). Numerical flow simulation I: CNRS-DFG collaborative research programme, results, 1996-1998. Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1998.

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Ernst-Heinrich, Hirschel, and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, eds. Flow simulation with high-performance computers I: DFG priority research programme results 1989-1992. Braunschweig/Wiesbaden: Vieweg, 1993.

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Ernst-Heinrich, Hirschel, and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, eds. Flow simulation with high-performance computers II: DFG priority research programme results 1993-1995. Braunschweig/Wiesbaden: Vieweg, 1996.

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Siegfried, Wagner, Kloker Markus, Rist Ulrich, and DFG Verbund-Schwerpunktprogramm Transition, eds. Recent results in laminar-turbulent transition: Selected numerical and experimental contributions from the DFG priority programme "Transition" in Germany. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

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CNRS-DFG Workshop on Numerical Flow Simulation (5th 1996 Munich, Germany). Computation and visualization of three-dimensional vortical and turbulent flows: Proceedings of the Fifth CNRS-DFG Workshop on Numerical Flow Simulation, München, Germany, December 6 and 7, 1996. Braunschweig/Wiesbaden: Vieweg, 1998.

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Hirschel, Ernst Heinrich. Numerical Flow Simulation III: CNRS-DFG Collaborative Research Programme Results 2000-2002. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fluid flow in DFN"

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Kremer, K. "The Massively Parallel Computer System of the DFG Priority Research Programme “Flow Simulation on Supercomputers” at RWTH Aachen." In Computational Fluid Dynamics on Parallel Systems, 97–111. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-89454-0_10.

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Parker, David F. "Fluid Flow." In Springer Undergraduate Mathematics Series, 101–31. London: Springer London, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0019-5_6.

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Cracknell, P. S., and R. W. Dyson. "Fluid flow." In Handbook of Thermoplastics Injection Mould Design, 21–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7209-5_3.

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Field, Robert W. "Fluid Flow." In Chemical Engineering, 52–61. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09840-8_3.

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Philipse, Albert P. "Fluid Flow." In Brownian Motion, 93–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98053-9_7.

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Anandharamakrishnan, C., and S. Padma Ishwarya. "Fluid Flow." In Essentials and Applications of Food Engineering, 117–57. Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429430244-4.

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Nichols, Daniel H. "Fluid Flow." In Physics for Technology, 151–66. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351207270-9.

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Wilhelm, Luther R., Dwayne A. Suter, and and Gerald H. Brusewitz. "Fluid Flow." In Food & Process Engineering Technology, 65–110. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.17552.

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Block, David E., and Konrad V. Miller. "Fluid Flow." In Unit Operations in Winery, Brewery, and Distillery Design, 29–76. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003097495-3.

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Chaurasia, Ashish S. "Fluid Flow." In Computational Fluid Dynamics and Comsol Multiphysics, 143–98. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003180500-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fluid flow in DFN"

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Panja, Palash, Raul Velasco, Pranay Asai, and Milind Deo. "New Discrete Fracture Networks (DFN) Model with Coupled Geomechanics and Fluid Flow." In Unconventional Resources Technology Conference. Tulsa, OK, USA: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2022-3721135.

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Baidoo, Mark, Marie-Hélène Fillion, Alexander Hutchison, and Claudia González. "Controlled Lab-Scale Evaluation of the Secondary Permeability Represented in a 3D Printed Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) Model." In 3rd International Discrete Fracture Network Engineering Conference. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-dfne-22-0010.

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Abstract The evaluation of fluid flow through fractured media is essential for many applications. In hard rocks, fluid flow depends on fracture aperture and connectivity, as fractures are the preferential flow paths within the rock mass. Previous research studied fluid flow, using Discrete Fracture Networks (DFN) and numerical modelling methods, with fewer lab-scale experiments. Advancements in 3D printing technology allows for generating valuable lab-scale physical models representing fractured media. In this work, a DFN model is built using the DFN software MoFrac and a 3D physical model is generated with a 3D printer. The 3D printed DFN model is fixed in an experimental set-up, which functions as a differential pressure meter by restricting airflow through a transition duct. The objectives of the experiment are to establish the behavior of the changing pressure to fluid flow through fractures. This laboratory experiment is part of an ongoing research project investigating the constructability of a Natural Heat Exchange Engineering Technology system. This system uses natural means to provide economically significant thermal regeneration capacity through a volume of rocks for ventilating mine workings. The major contribution of the lab-scale experiment is to verify whether the secondary permeability of a rockmass can admit sufficient flow.
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Kurison, Clay, Ahmed M. Hakami, and Sadi H. Kuleli. "Integration of Geoscience and Engineering Concepts to Account for Natural Fractures in Fluid Flow within Shale Reservoirs." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204747-ms.

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Abstract Unconventional shale reservoirs are characterized by low porosity and ultra-low permeability. Natural fractures are known to be present and considered a critical factor for the enhanced post-stimulation productivity. Accounting for natural fractures with existing techniques has not been widely adopted owing to their complexity or lack of validation. Ongoing research efforts are striving to understand how natural fractures can be accounted for and accurately modeled in fluid flow of the subject reservoirs. This study utilized Eagle Ford well data comprising reservoir properties, stimulation metrics, production, microseismicity and permeability measurements from a core plug. The methodology comprised use of production data to extract a linear flow regime parameter. This was coupled with fracture geometry, predicted from hydraulic fracture modeling and microseismicity, to estimate the system permeability. From interpreting microseismic events as slips on critically stressed natural fractures, explicit modeling incorporating a discrete fracture network (DFN) assumed activated natural fractures supplement conductive reservoir contact area. Thus, allowed the estimation of matrix permeability. For validation, the aforementioned was compared with core plug permeability measurements. Results from modeling of planar hydraulic fractures, with microseismicity as validation, predicted planar fracture geometry which when coupled with the linear flow parameter resulted in a system permeability. Incorporation of DFNs to account for activated natural fractures yielded matrix permeability in picodarcy range. A review of laboratory permeability measurements exhibited stress dependence with the value at the maximum experimental confining pressure of 4000 psi in the same range as the computed system permeability. However, the confining pressures used in the experiments were less than the in situ effective stress. Correction for representative stress yielded an ultra-low matrix permeability in the same range as the DFN-based picodarcy matrix permeability. Thus, supporting the adopted drainage architecture and often suggested role of natural fractures in shale reservoir fluid flow. This study presents a multi-discipline workflow to account for natural fractures, and contributes to understanding that will improve laboratory petrophysics and the overall reservoir characterization of the subject reservoirs. Given that the Eagle Ford is an analogue of emerging shales elsewhere, results from this study can be widely adopted.
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Sarmiento, S., and N. Makedonska. "Natural and Hydraulic Fracture Interaction: A Proxy for Tracking Flow Trajectory." In 3rd International Discrete Fracture Network Engineering Conference. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-dfne-22-0087.

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Abstract In this work, dfnWorks simulation tool is used to track the efficiency of hydraulic fracture stages across a hypothetical multi-stage hydraulic fracture well connected to a natural fracture network under low porosity and permeability typical of unconventional shale reservoirs. The evaluation of the influence of hydraulic fractures on the fluid flow trajectories and velocities in a natural fractured reservoir was weighted by the modeled connectivity with the natural fractures (DFN) and by the use of hydraulic fracture stage pressures. Under low natural fracture intensities is connectivity the factor that matters more in fluid flow towards the well; conversely, under high fracture intensities and the resulting high connectivity, fluid flows towards the well is more influenced by low-pressure stages or stages with highest pressure gradient between the boundary faces and the horizontal well.
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Milad, Benmadi, Sayantan Ghosh, Mohamed Suliman, and Roger M. Slatt. "Upscaled DFN models to understand the effects of natural fracture properties on fluid flow in the Hunton Group tight Limestone." In Unconventional Resources Technology Conference. Tulsa, OK, USA: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2018-2903038.

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Han, Changhwa, Takeshi Omori, and Takeo Kajishima. "Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow Past a Serrated Airfoil." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-02009.

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Despite a lot of experimental investigations, the effect of airfoil serrations on the reduction of discrete frequency noise (DFN) is not fully understood. We apply the large-eddy simulation (LES) to the turbulent flow around the NACA0012 airfoil without angle of attack in a uniform stream. In this case, a major source of aerodynamic noise is quasi two-dimensional spanwise vortices, which take place near the trailing edge. We therefore investigate the effect of serration in the trailing edge side. The depth of the serration is 10% of chord length. To take into account the weak compressibility at low Mach number, we made a particular modification to the pressure equation. One equation dynamic model for the subgrid scale stress is used for LES. These techniques have originally been developed in our research group. The serration successfully reduced the pressure fluctuations on the surface of the airfoil near the trailing edge. The observed structure of the density variation suggests that this modification contributes to the reduction of sound source.
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Sahu, Ajay K., and Ankur Roy. "Analyzing Anisotropy in Fracture Networks: A Flow Simulation Approach." In 3rd International Discrete Fracture Network Engineering Conference. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-dfne-22-2358.

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Abstract Anisotropy may be observed in rock masses that contain fractures and affects several properties including flow behavior which is controlled by how fractures are clustered in space. While Rose diagrams are often used for delineating "fracture sets" in different directions, it is a challenge to quantify anisotropy in terms of fracture clustering that controls fluid flow. This research attempts to answer the question by capturing the anisotropy in fluid production rates of fracture networks and implements a modified inverted five-spot water flooding pattern. Flow simulation is done by considering the fracture continuum (FC) model and using a Darcy based streamline simulator. The results from this “dynamic modeling” approach is compared with the anisotropy in fracture clustering for a set of natural maps. Coefficient of variation that can differentiate between clustered, random, and anticlustered fractures in 1-dimensional fracture data is used for quantifying the “clustering” anisotropy in 2-dimensional fracture networks. We employ this parameter for evaluating directional clustering in such networks by moving a set of scanlines in two mutually perpendicular directions and finding the respective arithmetic averages. The results show that overall fluid production values tend to be higher in the direction of highly clustered fractures. It implies that a “dynamic” approach can be successfully used for evaluating the anisotropy of a reservoir and larger ratio in production values in two mutually perpendicular directions suggests the presence of fracture clusters. If such anisotropy is taken into account, it can help in building more realistic DFN models.
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Gazzola, Laura, Massimiliano Ferronato, Stefano Berrone, Sandra Pieraccini, and Stefano Scialò. "Numerical investigation on a block preconditioning strategy to improve the computational efficiency of DFN models." In VI ECCOMAS Young Investigators Conference. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/yic2021.2021.12234.

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Simulation of fluid flow dynamics in fractured porous media is an important issue in several subsurface models. The intricate network generated by hundreds of fractures produces complex multi-scale geometries that can be modelled in different ways. In contrast to homogenization-based techniques, discrete fracture network (DFN) models explicitly represent the fracture planes and their properties, prescribing continuity constraints for the fluid flow along the linear intersections. We focus on the formulation of the DFN model as a PDE-constrained optimization problem as originally proposed in [1]. This approach uses a non-conforming mesh and decouples the global problem in local ones, thus being suitable for an effective parallel implementation [2]. Imposing the flow continuity by a Lagrange-multiplier technique gives rise to a linearized algebraic problem where the global matrix K has a symmetric saddle-point structure with a rank-deficient leading block. In this work, we focus on accelerating the iterative solution of the system with matrix K by introducing effective block preconditioning techniques. First, an appropriate permutation of K is performed, in order to avoid a singular leading block though losing the global symmetry. Then, we restrict K to the coarse space of the fracture traces and solve inexactly the projected matrix by either an explicit or a matrix-free approach. The granular properties and the structure of K blocks are properly exploited in order to guarantee an efficient parallel implementation. The proposed algorithm is tested in applications of increasing size to verify its robustness and effectiveness in the acceleration of the iterative linear solver.[1] S. Berrone, S. Pieraccini, S. Scialò. A PDE-constrained optimization formulation for Discrete Fracture Network flows, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., Vol. 35, pp. B487-B510, (2013) [2] S. Berrone, S. Scialò, F. Vicini. Parallel meshing, discretization and computation of flow in massive Discrete Fracture Networks, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., Vol. 41, pp. C317-C338, (2019)
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Sahu, Ajay K., and Ankur Roy. "Clustering, Connectivity and Flow in Naturally Fractured Reservoir Analogs." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206009-ms.

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Abstract A previous study by the authors on synthetic fractal-fracture networks showed that lacunarity, a parameter that quantifies scale-dependent clustering in patterns, can be used as a proxy for connectivity and also, is an indicator of fluid flow in such model networks. In this research, we apply the concepts thus developed to the study of fractured reservoir analogs and seek solutions to more practical problems faced by modelers in the oil and gas industry. A set of seven nested fracture networks from the Devonian Sandstone of Hornelen Basin, Norway that have the same fractal-dimension but are mapped at different scales and resolutions is considered. We compare these seven natural fracture maps in terms of their lacunarity and connectivity values to test whether the former is a reasonable indicator of the latter. Additionally, these maps are also flow simulated by implementing a fracture continuum model and using a streamline simulator, TRACE3D. The values of lacunarity, connectivity and fluid recovery thus obtained are pairwise correlated with one another to look for possible relationships. The results indicate that while fracture maps that have the same fractal dimension show almost similar connectivity values, there exist subtle differences such that both the connectivity and clustering values change systematically with the scale at which the fracture networks are mapped. It is further noted that there appears to be a very good correlation between clustering, connectivity, and fluid recovery values for these fracture networks that belong to the same fractal system. The overall results indicate that while the fractal dimension is an important parameter for characterizing a specific type of fracture network geometry, it is the lacunarity or scale-dependent clustering attribute that controls connectivity in fracture maps and hence the flow properties. This research may prove helpful in quickly evaluating connectivity of fracture networks based on the lacunarity parameter. This parameter can therefore, be used for calibrating Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) models with respect to connectivity of reservoir analogs and can possibly replace the fractal dimension which is more commonly used in software that model DFNs. Additionally, while lacunarity has been mostly used for understanding network geometry in terms of clustering, we, for the first time, show how this may be directly used for understanding the potential flow behavior of fracture networks.
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Djezzar, Sofiane, Aldjia Boualam, Habib Ouadi, Aimen Laalam, Nadia Mouedden, Ahmed Merzoug, and Abderraouf Chemmakh. "Modeling Fractures with Stochastic Discrete Fracture Network: Hassi-Messaoud Field Case Study." In 3rd International Discrete Fracture Network Engineering Conference. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-dfne-22-0036.

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Abstract Hamra Quartzite is considered a potential reservoir in the area. 3D seismic data, seismic attributes, well logs, and borehole imagery data are combined in a specific workflow to determine the type of fractures, their distribution, and their relationship with the petrophysical parameters. Also, the elastic and dynamic properties, stresses are determined and calibrated with lab measurement to generate a calibrated mechanical earth model. Firstly, DFN models are created at a well scale to display the fracture sets, determine the mechanical units and their relationship with lithofacies. The model shows that the fractures are stratabound fractures limited to the reservoir layers. Secondly, other DFN model is created at the field scale to determine the relationship between faults and fractures and the lateral changeability due to Hercynian erosional event. The breakout analysis confirms the major orientation of the maximum horizontal stress in this field, which is oriented NW-SE. The diagenesis had a negative impact on the petrophysical properties. On the other hand, natural fractures had a positive impact by increasing the permeability intensely. Globally, the DFN displays that the upper reservoir is intensely fractured where the diffuse fractures are predominant. The existence of the upper mechanical is the best indicator of the sweet spot in this field. Wells with hydrocarbon showings can be stimulated by targeting fracture swarms that are parallel to the maximum horizontal stress to improve the fluid flow rate.
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Reports on the topic "Fluid flow in DFN"

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Kirkpatrick, J. R. Fluid flow effects on electroplating. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6430941.

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Holub, Oleksandr, Mykhailo Moiseienko, and Natalia Moiseienko. Fluid Flow Modelling in Houdini. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4128.

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The modern educational environment in the field of physics and information technology ensures the widespread use of visualization software for successful and deep memorization of material. There are many software for creating graphic objects for presentations and demonstrations, the most popular of which were analyzed. The work is devoted to the visualization of liquids with different viscosity parameters. The article describes the development of a fluid model in the form of a particle stream. The proposed methodology involves using the Houdini application to create interactive models. The developed model can be used in the educational process in the field of information technology.
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Gibson, J. S. Joint Research on Computational Fluid Dynamics and Fluid Flow Control. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada308103.

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Cortez, Ricardo. Impulse-based methods for fluid flow. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/87798.

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Garabedian, Paul R. Computational Fluid Dynamics and Transonic Flow. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada288962.

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Kodres, Cal, and Gene Cooper. Solve Fluid Flow Problems With PHOENICS. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada289702.

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Garabedian, Paul R. Computational Fluid Dynamics and Transonic Flow. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada292797.

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Patnaik, Soumya S., Eugeniya Iskrenova-Ekiert, and Hui Wan. Multiscale Modeling of Multiphase Fluid Flow. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1016834.

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Soln, Josip Z. Modeling of a Fluid Breakup Through Nonlinear Fluid Flow: Description of Methodology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada394607.

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Car, David, and Steven L. Puterbaugh. Fluid Mechanics of Compression System Flow Control. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada444617.

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