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1

Beeson-Jones, Timothy. "Controlling viscous fingering." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275358.

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Viscous fingering occurs when one fluid displaces another fluid of a greater viscosity in a porous medium or a Hele-Shaw cell. Linear stability analysis is used to predict methods of suppressing instability. Then, experiments in which nonlinear growth dominates pattern formation are analysed to explore the nonlinear impact of strategies of suppressing finger growth. Often, chemical treatment fluid is injected into oil reservoirs in order to prevent sand production. This treatment fluid is usually followed by water injection to clean up the well. We explore the potential for viscous instability of the interface between the treatment fluid and the water, and also the treatment fluid and the oil, as a function of the volume of treatment fluid and the injection rate and viscosity ratios of the different fluids. For a given volume of treatment fluid and a given injection rate, we find the optimal viscosity of the treatment fluid to minimise the viscous instability. In the case of axisymmetric injection, the stabilisation associated with the azimuthal stretching of modes leads to a further constraint on the optimisation of the viscosity. In the case of oil production, polymers may be added to the displacing water in order to reduce adverse viscosity gradients. We also explore the case in which these polymers have a time-dependent viscosity, for example through the slow release from encapsulant. We calculate the injection flow rate profile that minimises the final amplitude of instability in both rectilinear and axisymmetric geometries. In a development of the model, we repeat the calculation for a shear-thinning rheology. Finally, experiments are analysed in which the nonlinear growth of viscous fingers develops to test the influence of different injection profiles on the development of instability. Diffusion Limited Aggregation (DLA) simulations are performed for comparison. In all cases, the evolving pattern has a saturation distribution, with an inner zone in which the fingers are static and an outer zone in which the fingers advance and grow. In the very centre of the viscous fingering patterns, there is a small fully-saturated region. In the experiments, the mass distribution in the inner zone varies with radius as a power law which relates to the fractal dimension for the analogue DLA simulations. In the outer region the saturation decreases linearly with radius. The radius of the inner frozen zone is approximately 2/3 of the outer radius in the cases of DLA and -- after a period of evolution -- the viscous fingering experiments. This allows the radial extents of the inner and outer zones to be predicted. The ratio of each radius to the extent of the fully-saturated region is independent of the injection profile and corresponds to values for DLA.
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2

Rees, S. "Stochastic computer simulations of viscous fingering." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235262.

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This thesis aims to develop a computer simulation of the process that occurs when one displaces a viscous fluid such as oil by a less viscous one such as water in a porous medium. Chapter 1 outlines the problem and explains why a computer simulation rather than analytical treatment is necessary for the problem. Previous computer simulations of the problem are reviewed and their respective advantages and disadvantages are considered. Chapter 2 introduces the concept of 'simulated annealing', a stochastic computational technique for solving minimisation problems with many variables and this technique is used to make a crude model of the displacement problem. The results from this are considered and the reasons for the model's failure to adequately solve the problem are discussed. In chapter 3, simulated annealing is applied to the simpler problem of the travelling salesman where one has to find the shortest route around a collection of points. The aim of this chapter is to try and find an optimum simulated annealing schedule to minimise the computer time needed to achieve a satisfactory solution. This is successfully accomplished for this particular problem by fitting the relaxation time of the system as a function of temperature to an Arrhenhius type law. But this optimisation is problem specific and it is concluded that the complicated nature of the oil displacement problem effectively precludes treatment by annealing. In chapter 4 a stochastic micro model is developed in which a pressure gradient across the system forces water into oil bearing pores. The pores have varying sizes which represent sizes which represent the varying permeability in a porous medium. A modified Gauss Seidel method is used to solve for the pressure field and an analytic expression for the saturation update is developed. The final chapter, chapter 5, develops the above model further and in particular develops a scheme whereby conservation of fluid is guaranteed. The profiles of the fingering of the water into the oil are studied and it is found that their interface fractal dimension varies monotonically with viscosity ratio.
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3

Chen, Falin. "Thermal and fingering convection in superposed fluid and porous layers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184774.

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Thermal and fingering convection in a horizontal porous layer underlying a fluid layer was studied using linear stability analysis, experiment (for the thermal convection case only), and nonlinear simulation. For the thermal convection case, the linear analysis shows that when the fluid layer is thin, convection is largely confined to the porous layer. When the fluid layer thickness exceeds 15% of the porous layer thickness, convection is localized in the fluid layer and the critical wavelength is dramatically reduced. Experimental investigations were then conducted in a test box 24 cm x 12 cm x 4 cm high to substantiate the predictions. The ratio of the thickness of the fluid layer to that of the porous layer, d, varied from 0 to 1. The results were in good agreement with predictions. To investigate supercritical convection, a nonlinear computational study was carried out. It was found that for d ≤ 0.13, the Nusselt number increases sharply with the thermal Rayleigh number, whereas at larger values of d, the increase is more moderate. Heat transfer rates predicted for d = 0.1 and 0.2 are in good agreement with the experimental results. For salt-finger convection at R(m) ≤ 1, the critical value of the solute Rayleigh number R(sm) decreases as d increases; the convection is unicellular. For 5 ≤ R(m) ≤ 10, the critical R(sm) initially decreases with d, and then remains almost constant for larger values of d; multicellular convection prevails at high d. For 20 ≤ R(m) ≤ 50, the critical R(sm) first decreases and then increases as d increases from 0 to 0.1. When d > 0.1, the critical R(sm) decreases slowly with d and remains almost constant for d ≥ 0.4. In the nonlinear computations for R(m) = 1, periodic convection sets in at a value of R(sm) between ten and eleven times the critical value. For the case of R(m) = 50, an aperiodic oscillation occurs when R(sm) is between four and five times the critical value. For the superposed layer cases d = 1 and 0.5, the convection characteristics are similar to those of thermal convection when R(m) = 0.01. For R(m) = 1, it was found that the onset of salt-finger convection is oscillatory. For R(m) = 50, the nonlinear code failed to obtain satisfactory results.
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4

Zhang, Hao-Ran. "Numerical modelling of viscous fingering and upscaling of fluid flow porcesses in porous media." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1352.

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5

Jackson, Samuel J. "A numerical study on the viscous fingering instability of immiscible displacement in Hele-Shaw cells." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40716/.

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In this thesis, the viscous fingering instability of radial immiscible displacement is analysed numerically using novel mesh-reduction and interface tracking techniques. Using a reduced Hele-Shaw model for the depth averaged lateral flow, viscous fingering instabilities are explored in flow regimes typical of subsurface carbon sequestration involving supercritical CO2 - brine displacements, i.e. with high capillary numbers, low mobility ratios and inhomogeneous permeability/temperature fields. A high accuracy boundary element method (BEM) is implemented for the solution of homogeneous, finite mobility ratio immiscible displacements. Through efficient, explicit tracking of the sharp fluid-fluid interface, classical fingering processes such as spreading, shielding and splitting are analysed in the late stages of finger growth at low mobility ratios and high capillary numbers. Under these conditions, large differences are found compared with previous high or infinite mobility ratio models and critical events such as plume break-off and coalescence are analysed in much greater detail than has previously been attempted. For the solution of inhomogeneous mobility problems, a novel meshless radial basis function-finite collocation method is developed that utilises a dynamic quadtree dataset and local enforcement of interface matching conditions. When coupled with the BEM, the numerical scheme allows the analysis of variable permeability effects and the transition in (de)stabilising mechanisms that occurs when the capillary number is increased with a fixed, spatially varying permeability. Finally, thermo-viscous fingering is explored in the context of immiscible flows, with a detailed mechanistic study presented to explain, for the first time, the immiscible thermo-viscous fingering process.
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6

Matioc, Bogdan-Vasile [Verfasser]. "Viscous Fingering in Mathematical Fluid Dynamics via Bifurcation : A Functional Analytic Approach / Bogdan-Vasile Matioc." Saarbrücken : Suedwestdeutscher Verlag fuer Hochschulschriften, 2010. http://www.vdm-verlag.de.

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7

Zhang, Fengshou. "Pattern formation in fluid injection into dense granular media." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43716.

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Integrated theoretical and experimental analysis is carried out in this work to investigate the fundamental failure mechanisms and flow patterns involved in the process of fluid injection into dense granular media. The experimental work is conducted with aqueous glycerin solutions, utilizing a novel setup based on a Hele-Shaw cell filled with dense dry sand. The two dimensional nature of the setup allows direct visualization and imaging analysis of the real-time fluid and grain kinematics. The experimental results reveal that the fluid flow patterns show a transition from simple radial flow to a ramified morphology while the granular media behaviors change from that of rigid porous media to localized failure that lead to development of fluid channels. Based on the failure/flow patterns, four distinct failure/flow regimes can be identified, namely, (i) a simple radial flow regime, (ii) an infiltration-dominated regime, (iii) a grain displacement-dominated regime, and (iv) a viscous fingering-dominated regime. These distinct failure/flow regimes emerge as a result of competition among various energy dissipation mechanisms, namely, viscous dissipation through infiltration, dissipation due to grain displacements, and viscous dissipation through flow in thin channels and can be classified based on the characteristic times associated with fluid injection, hydromechanical coupling and viscoelastoplasticity. The injection process is also analyzed numerically using the discrete element method (DEM) coupled with two fluid flow scheme, a fixed coarse grid scheme based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and a pore network modeling scheme. The numerical results from the two complementary methods reproduce phenomena consistent with the experimental observations and justify the concept of associating the displacement regimes with the partition among energy dissipation mechanisms. The research in this work, though fundamental in nature, will have direct impacts on many engineering problems in civil, environmental and petroleum engineering such as ground improvement, environmental remediation and reservoir stimulation.
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8

D'Hernoncourt, Jessica. "Influence of thermal effects and electric fields on fingering of chemical fronts: a theoretical study." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210607.

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Several types of instability can affect the interface between two fluids. For instance, a Rayleigh-Taylor instability (or density fingering) is encountered when a heavier fluid is placed upon a lighter one in the gravity field and double diffusive instabilities can be triggered by differential diffusivity of the different species present in the fluid.

In this context our work aims to understand theoretically in which way a chemical reaction can induce and influence such instabilities in a fluid initially at rest.

To understand the dynamics resulting from the coupling between chemical reactions and hydrodynamical instabilities we use chemical fronts as model systems. These fronts result from the coupling between autocatalytical chemical reactions and diffusion and they allow to create a self-organized interface between the products and the reactants. As during a chemical reaction the density may vary due to solutal and thermal effects, the products and the reactants can have different densities which may trigger convection movements leading to the destabilization of the fronts.

We have in particular studied the influence of the exothermicity of the reaction on the fingering of chemical fronts, focusing first on the influence of heat losses through the walls of the set-up.

These leaks have a marked influence on the dynamics because they affect the temperature profiles and hence the density profiles too. We have also classified the various types of instabilities that may appear dues to solutal and thermal effects. We have found a new type of hydrodynamic instability of statically stable fronts induced by the chemical reaction.

We have furthermore analyzed an isothermal model with two chemical species. If they diffuse at different rates the front can be subject to diffusive instabilities as well. We have shown that the coupling between such a diffusive instability and fingering can trigger complex dynamics. We have eventually studied the influence of an external electric field on the diffusive instabilities and on fingering underlying the possibility to destabilize otherwise stable fronts./

Différents types d'instabilités hydrodynamiques peuvent affecter les interfaces entre deux fluides comme par exemple, une instabilité de Rayleigh-Taylor (ou digitation de densité) quand un fluide plus dense se trouve placé au-dessus d'un fluide moins dense dans le champ de gravité ou des instabilités de double diffusion induites par des différences entre les diffusivités d'un soluté et de la chaleur contenus dans les fluides. Dans ce contexte, notre thèse s'attache à comprendre de manière théorique comment une réaction chimique peut influencer ces instabilités voire les générer dans un fluide initialement au repos. Pour étudier les dynamiques résultant du couplage entre réactions chimiques et instabilités hydrodynamiques, nous utilisons des systèmes modèles: les fronts chimiques de conversion résultant de la compétition entre réactions chimiques autocatalytiques et diffusion créant une interface auto-organisée entre les réactifs et les produits. Comme au cours d'une réaction chimique la densité peut varier par des effets solutaux et thermiques, les produits et les réactifs de densités différentes peuvent générer des mouvements de convection qui conduisent à la déstabilisation des fronts.

Nous avons en particulier étudié l'influence de l'exothermicité de la réaction sur les instabilités de digitation de fronts chimiques, en nous focalisant dans un premier temps sur l'influence des pertes de chaleur par les parois du réacteur.

Ces fuites ont un effet marqué sur les instabilitités car elles affectent les profils de température et donc les profils de densité dans le système. Nous avons également classifié les différentes instabilités qui peuvent apparaître via des changements de densité dûs à des effets thermiques et solutaux et mis en évidence un nouveau type de déstabilisation hydrodynamique de fronts statiquement stables induit par une réaction chimique.

Nous avons ensuite analysé un modèle isotherme impliquant deux espèces chimiques. Si ces dernières diffusent a des vitesses différentes le front peut être sujet à une instabilité diffusive. Nous avons montré qu'un couplage entre une telle instabilité diffusive et de la digitation peut être à l'origine de dynamiques complexes. Nous avons ensuite considéré l'influence d'un champ électrique sur les instabilité diffusives et de digitation en soulignant la possibilié de déstabiliser via ce champ des fronts initialement stables.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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9

Booth, Richard J. S. "Miscible flow through porous media." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:542d3ec1-2894-4a34-9b93-94bc639720c9.

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This thesis is concerned with the modelling of miscible fluid flow through porous media, with the intended application being the displacement of oil from a reservoir by a solvent with which the oil is miscible. The primary difficulty that we encounter with such modelling is the existence of a fingering instability that arises from the viscosity and the density differences between the oil and solvent. We take as our basic model the Peaceman model, which we derive from first principles as the combination of Darcy’s law with the mass transport of solvent by advection and hydrodynamic dispersion. In the oil industry, advection is usually dominant, so that the Péclet number, Pe, is large. We begin by neglecting the effect of density differences between the two fluids and concentrate only on the viscous fingering instability. A stability analysis and numerical simulations are used to show that the wavelength of the instability is proportional to Pe^−1/2, and hence that a large number of fingers will be formed. We next apply homogenisation theory to investigate the evolution of the average concentration of solvent when the mean flow is one-dimensional, and discuss the rationale behind the Koval model. We then attempt to explain why the mixing zone in which fingering is present grows at the observed rate, which is different from that predicted by a naive version of the Koval model. We associate the shocks that appear in our homogenised model with the tips and roots of the fingers, the tip-regions being modelled by Saffman-Taylor finger solutions. We then extend our model to consider flow through porous media that are heterogeneous at the macroscopic scale, and where the mean flow is not one dimensional. We compare our model with that of Todd & Longstaff and also models for immiscible flow through porous media. Finally, we extend our work to consider miscible displacements in which both density and viscosity differences between the two fluids are relevant.
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10

Vienne, Lucien. "Simulation of multi-component flows by the lattice Boltzmann method and application to the viscous fingering instability." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1257/document.

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La méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau est une formulation discrète particulière de l'équation de Boltzmann. Depuis ses débuts, il y a trente ans, cette méthode a gagné une certaine popularité, et elle est maintenant utilisée dans presque tous les problèmes habituellement rencontrés en mécanique des fluides notamment pour les écoulements multi-espèces. Dans le cadre de ce travail, une force de friction intermoléculaire est introduite pour modéliser les interactions entre les molécules de différent types causant principalement la diffusion entre les espèces. Les phénomènes de dissipation visqueuse (collision usuelle) et de diffusion moléculaire (force de friction intermoléculaire) sont séparés et peuvent être ajuster indépendamment. Le principal avantage de cette stratégie est sa compatibilité avec des optimisations de la collision usuelle et les opérateurs de collision avancés. Adapter un code mono-espèce pour aboutir à un code multi-espèces est aisé et demande beaucoup moins d’effort comparé aux précédentes tentatives. De plus, il n’ y a pas d’approximation du mélange, chaque espèce a ses propres coefficients de transport pouvant être calculés à l’aide de la théorie cinétique des gaz. En général, la diffusion et la convection sont vus comme deux mécanismes séparés : l’un agissant sur la masse d’une espèce, l’autre sur la quantité de mouvement du mélange. En utilisant une force de friction intermoléculaire, la diffusion et la convection sont couplés par l’intermédiaire la quantité de mouvement de chaque espèce. Les mécanismes de diffusion et de convection sont intimement liés dans de nombreux phénomènes physique tel que la digitation visqueuse.L’instabilité de digitation visqueuse est simulée en considérant dans un milieu poreux deux espèces dans des proportions différentes soit un mélange moins visqueux déplaçant un mélange plus visqueux. Les principaux moteurs de l’instabilité sont la diffusion et le contraste de viscosité entre les espèces. Deux stratégies sont envisagées pour simuler les effets d’un milieu poreux. Les méthodes de rebond partiel et de force de Brinkman bien que basées sur des approches fondamentalement différentes donnent dans notre cas des résultats identiques. Les taux de croissance de l’instabilité calculés à partir de la simulation coïncident avec ceux obtenus à partir d’analyses de stabilité linéaire. L’évolution de la longueur de mélange peut être divisée en deux étapes dominées d’abord par la diffusion puis par la convection. La physique de la digitation visqueuse est ainsi correctement simulée. Toutefois, les effets de diffusion multi-espèces ne sont généralement pas pris en compte lors de la digitation visqueuse de trois espèces et plus. Ces derniers ne sont pas négligeable puisque nous mettons en avant une configuration initialement stable qui se déstabilise. La diffusion inverse entraîne la digitation dont l’impact dépend de la diffusion entre les espèces
The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is a specific discrete formulation of the Boltzmann equation. Since its first premises, thirty years ago, this method has gained some popularity and is now applied to almost all standard problems encountered in fluid mechanics including multi-component flows. In this work, we introduce the inter-molecular friction forces to take into account the interaction between molecules of different kinds resulting primarily in diffusion between components. Viscous dissipation (standard collision) and molecular diffusion (inter-molecular friction forces) phenomena are split, and both can be tuned distinctively. The main advantage of this strategy is optimizations of the collision and advanced collision operators are readily compatible. Adapting an existing code from single component to multiple miscible components is straightforward and required much less effort than the large modifications needed from previously available lattice Boltzmann models. Besides, there is no mixture approximation: each species has its own transport coefficients, which can be calculated from the kinetic theory of gases. In general, diffusion and convection are dealt with two separate mechanisms: one acting respectively on the species mass and the other acting on the mixture momentum. By employing an inter-molecular friction force, the diffusion and convection are coupled through the species momentum. Diffusion and convection mechanisms are closely related in several physical phenomena such as in the viscous fingering instability.A simulation of the viscous fingering instability is achieved by considering two species in different proportions in a porous medium: a less viscous mixture displacing a more viscous mixture. The core ingredients of the instability are the diffusion and the viscosity contrast between the components. Two strategies are investigated to mimic the effects of the porous medium. The gray lattice Boltzmann and Brinkman force models, although based on fundamentally different approaches, give in our case equivalent results. For early times, comparisons with linear stability analyses agree well with the growth rate calculated from the simulations. For intermediate times, the evolution of the mixing length can be divided into two stages dominated first by diffusion then by convection, as found in the literature. The whole physics of the viscous fingering is thus accurately simulated. Nevertheless, multi-component diffusion effects are usually not taken into account in the case of viscous fingering with three and more species. These effects are non-negligible as we showcase an initial stable configuration that becomes unstable. The reverse diffusion induces fingering whose impact depends on the diffusion between species
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11

Trnovec, Bystrik. "Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Schichtbildung im Tiefdruck mittels hydrophobierter Druckform mit Applikationsbeispielen aus dem Bereich der gedruckten OPV." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-209748.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt eine experimentelle Untersuchung der Schichtbildung von nichtnewtonschen Flüssigkeiten im Tiefdruckverfahren auf nicht saugfähigen Substraten. Das fluiddynamisch bedingte „viscous fingering“ beim Farbspaltungsprozess soll mittels Hydrophobieren der Druckform gehemmt werden. Ziel ist es, möglichst homogene sowie wellenfreie Schichten zu erzeugen. Um ein direkt miteinander vergleichbares Druckergebnis zu erhalten, wird der Druckstoff parallel mit einer unbehandelten und hydrophobierten Form bedruckt. Als Druckstoff werden anstelle von Druckfarbe funktionale Materialien (vorzugsweise PEDOT:PSS) verwendet und variiert, wobei die elektrischen und geometrischen Schichteigenschaften, beispielsweise der elektrische Widerstand und die Rauheit, zur Ermittlung der gesetzten Ziele untersucht wurden. Hiermit und mittels Nutzung einer hydrophobierten Druckform kann eine deutliche Minderung der Wellenbildung (viscous fingering) bei vielen Druckstoffarten beobachtet werden. Die Minderung des viscous fingering im Farbspaltungsprozess und eine nahezu vollständige Leerung der hydrophobierten Tiefdruckform haben einen wesentlichen Nutzwert für den künftigen Einsatz nicht nur für die „gedruckte Elektronik“
In this work is described experimental research about layer forming from non-Newtonian fluids in gravure printing on non-porous substrates. The viscous fingering, caused through fluid dynamics at splitting of printed material should be decreased by hydrophobic-surface modification of gravure printing form. The aim was to print wave-free homogenous layers. To achieve comparable results, modified and pure form were used simultaneously to print the same material. The printed material was mainly PEDOT:PSS and other, which is used in printed electronics. The properties (surface tension, viscosity) of printed materials were varied by additives. Printing conditions were varied too. The characteristic of printed layers were studied: resistivity, roughness, density, etc. The results shows decreasing of waviness, roughness and viscous fingering in final layer through use of hydrophobic gravure printing form, compared to print results with common printing form. This can be applied not only in the field of printed electronics
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12

Lindner, Anke. "L'instabilité de Saffman-Taylor dans les fluides complexes : relation entre les propriétés rhéologiques et la formation de motifs." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00000960.

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Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons effectué une étude de l'instabilité de Saffman-Taylor dans les fluides complexes. En particulier, nous avons mené une étude systématique de la relation entre les propriétés rhéologiques de fluides non-newtoniens et la formation de motif, en cellule de Hele-Shaw. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé des fluides modèles ne possédant chacun essentiellement qu'une seule propriété non-newtonienne. Une étude rhéologique a montré que la propriété non-newtonienne dominante d'une solution du polymère rigide Xanthane est la viscosité rhéofluidifiante, qu'une solution du polymère flexible PEO montre des effets élastiques, notamment une contrainte normale élevée, et qu'un gel de polymères possède un seuil d'écoulement. Pour des fluides classiques, la largeur des doigts de Saffman-Taylor est déterminée par le rapport entre les forces visqueuses et les forces capillaires. Dans le cas d'un fluide rhéofluidifiant, les forces visqueuses sont modifiées ce qui entraîne un amincissement des doigts par rapport aux résultats classiques. La modification des contraintes visqueuses par un seuil d'écoulement mène à des structures très ramifiées avec une largeur caractéristique de doigts, fonction de ce seuil. Pour un fluide élastique, la contrainte normale exerce une pression supplémentaire sur le doigt qui s'ajoute aux forces capillaires et qui entraîne un élargissement des doigts. Nous pensons que la connaissance des effets sur l'instabilité des Saffman-Taylor de chacune de ces propriétés, considérée séparément, constitue une base pour l'étude de l'instabilité dans des fluides plus complexes. Les propriétés non-newtoniennes étudiées ici sont parmi les propriétés non-newtoniennes les plus courantes, ce qui devrait permettre de mieux comprendre l'instabilité dans des fluides présentant simultanément plusieurs de ces propriétés non-newtoniennes.
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13

Al, Nemer Rana. "Effect of two-phase fluid percolation on remodeling of geo-materials." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0012.

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L'objectif de neutralité carbone reposant massivement sur les sources d'énergie renouvelables peut être accéléré en envisageant la séquestration souterraine du CO2 et le stockage souterrain (i) de l'hydrogène produit par l'électrolyse de l'eau à partir d'électricité renouvelable et (ii) du méthane synthétisé produit par la méthanisation. Cependant, l'injection de ces fluides dans des aquifères salins profonds peut déclencher des instabilités locales sous la forme de digitations, qui sont les précurseurs d'instabilités macroscopiques telles que la microsismicité, l'affaissement ou le gonflement du sol. L'interaction entre le fluide injecté, le fluide résidentiel et le milieu poreux hôte est un problème complexe. Pour étudier la réponse d'un squelette solide percolé par un écoulement diphasique instable, une machine originale bi-axiale adaptée aux géo-matériaux partiellement saturés et fournissant un contrôle hydro- mécanique, a été mise en place. Des expériences de drainage ont été menées sur des échantillons de sable saturés en eau et chargés mécaniquement, par injection d'air via une pression capillaire imposée. Un protocol d’essai détaillant les étapes nécessaires à la réussite du test de drainage, allant de la préparation de l'échantillon à l'injection d'air, a été établi. Grâce à un système optique haute résolution, l'infiltration de l’air à travers un ou plusieurs chemins préférentiels dans le milieu granulaire, a été acquise. Le suivi du ou des doigts a nécessité le développement d'un algorithme robuste permettant la détection automatique de l'interface pour l'ensemble des images disponibles. De plus, le réarrangement de la squelette granulaire induit par la percolation du fluide a été quantifié via la corrélation d'images numériques par éléments finis. Le couplage entre la propagation de l'interface et les déformations localisées a été mesuré quantitativement en fonction du chargement mécanique, contrôlé par la contrainte effective. Les résultats ont montré une corrélation entre le chargement mécanique et la percolation hétérogène sous la forme de digitation et de déformations localisées
The goal of carbon neutrality relying massively on the renewable energy sources can be accelerated by considering underground CO2 sequestration and underground storage of (i) hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis from renewable electricity, and (ii) synthesized methane produced by the methanation. However, the injection of these fluids into deep saline aquifers, can trigger local instabilities in the form of fluid fingering, which are precursors of macroscopic instabilities such as micro-seismicity, subsidence or ground swelling. The interaction between the injected fluid, the residential one and the host porous medium is a complex problem. To investigate the response of a solid skeleton percolated by an unsteady bi-phasic flow, an original bi-axial machine adapted to partially saturated geo-materials and providing a hydro-mechanical control, has been set-up. Drainage experiments have been conducted on mechanically loaded water-saturated sand samples by injecting air via an imposed capillary pressure. A testing protocol detailing the steps required to achieve successful drainage test, starting from sample preparation to air injection, has been established. Thanks to a high resolution optical system, the air infiltration through preferential pathway(s) within the granular medium, has been acquired. The monitoring of the propagating finger(s) has required the development of robust algorithm allowing the automatic interface detection for the set of available images. In addition, the skeleton remodeling driven by the fluid percolation has been quantified via finite- element based digital image correlation. The coupling between interface propagation and localized strains has been quantitatively measured as function of the mechanical loading, controlled by the effective stress. The results have shown a correlation between mechanical loading and the heterogeneous percolation in the form of fingering and localized strains
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14

Pumir, Alain. "Tourbillons à trois dimensions et interfaces dans les cellules de hele-shaw." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066754.

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15

Lemaigre, Lorena. "Convective patterns triggered by chemical reactions, dissolution and cross-diffusion: an experimental study." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/229759.

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Comprendre l'effet de réactions chimiques sur les fluides en écoulement est une problématique au coeur de nombreuses applications telles que la remédiation de sols pollués ou le stockage géologique du CO2. Dans ce cadre, l'objectif de notre travail est de comprendre par une approche expérimentale dans quelle mesure une réaction chimique peut modifier le développement et les propriétés de motifs convectifs résultant d'instabilités hydrodynamiques dues à des gradients de densité dans le champ de gravité. Nos expériences sont effectuées par mise en contact de solutions aqueuses réactives ou de liquides non réactifs dans une cellule de Hele-Shaw verticale. Ce réacteur modèle constitué de deux plaques en verre séparées par un mince interstice est en effet communément utilisé pour l'étude de mouvements de fluides à l'échelle du laboratoire. Nous analysons dans divers cas les structures spatio-temporelles résultant du développement de profils de densité instables engendrés par des réactions chimiques, des processus de dissolution ou de diffusion croisée. Lors de notre thèse, nous avons tout d'abord étudié l'interaction entre une réaction acide-base et les instabilités hydrodynamiques dues à un gradient de densité, plus particulièrement la double diffusion et l'instabilité de Rayleigh-Taylor. Nous avons montré que cette simple réaction chimique de type A+B—>C brise la symétrie haut-bas caractéristique des motifs convectifs non réactifs. Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés à une réaction chimique de cinétique plus complexe :la réaction oscillante de Belousov-Zhabotinsky. Nous avons séparé les réactifs dans l'espace de manière à localiser la réaction à l'interface entre deux solutions de composition différente. Notre objectif est d'ainsi obtenir un oscillateur localisé et d'en comprendre l'effet sur les instabilités hydrodynamiques. Pour ce faire, nous avons d'abord caractérisé les motifs réaction-diffusion qui se développent dans cette géométrie particulière. Nous avons montré qu'en l'absence de convection, la ségrégation spatiale des réactifs donne lieu à des variations spatiales de l'excitabilité, et par conséquent à l'apparition d'un ou deux trains d'ondes localisés spatialement. Dans le cas convectif, nous avons observé que ces trains d'onde peuvent également apparaître de manière localisée en fonction du type d'instabilité hydrodynamique qui se développe et que les réactions chimiques permettent d'obtenir de nouveaux motifs originaux. Nous avons également caractérisé les motifs hydrodynamiques qui apparaissent à cause de la diffusion croisée dans des microémulsions. Nous avons montré que, si le gradient de concentration d'une espèce peut engendrer un flux d'une autre espèce, une stratification instable de densité peut en résulter, ce qui engendre de la convection. Enfin nous avons étudié la dissolution convective d'une phase organique (formate d'alkyle) dans une phase aqueuse. Nous avons montré que lorsque le degré de miscibilité entre les deux phases augmente au-delà d'un certain seuil, les mouvements de fluide sont plus intenses. Nos résultats ont permis de comprendre l'effet de réactions bimoléculaires ou oscillantes ainsi que de la dissolution ou de la diffusion croisée sur les propriétés de structures de type réaction-diffusion-convection. Ces travaux ouvrent la voie à l'étude de nouveaux motifs spatio-temporels auto-organisés couplant le pouvoir organisateur des réactions d'une part et de l'hydrodynamique d'autre part et ce, tant dans des solutions aqueuses que dans des milieux plus complexes comprenant différentes phases.
The understanding of the effect of chemical reactions on fluid motions is an issue at the heart of numerous applications, such as polluted soil remediation or geological storage of CO2. In this context, the goal of our work is to understand through an experimental approach to what extent a chemical reaction is able to modify the development and the properties of buoyancy-driven convective patterns. Our experiments are carried out by putting in contact reactive aqueous solutions or non reactive liquids in a vertical Hele-Shaw cell. This model reactor consists in two glass plates separated by a thin gap and is commonly used to study fluid motions at the laboratory scale. We analyze in various cases the spatio-temporal structures resulting from the build-up of unstable density gradients due to chemical reactions, dissolution processes or cross-diffusion. During our thesis, we first studied the interplay between an acid-base reaction and buoyancy-driven instabilities, namely double diffusion and the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. We have shown that this simple A+B -->C type of reaction breaks the up-down symmetry which is characteristic of the non reactive patterns. Next we focused on a chemical reaction featuring more complex kinetics, namely the oscillating Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. The reactants were initially segregated in space in order to spatially localize the reaction at the interface between two solutions with different composition. Our aim is to obtain a localized chemical oscillator and to study its effect on buoyancy-driven flows. To do so, we first characterized the corresponding reaction-diffusion patterns which develop from this particular initial condition. We showed that, in the absence of convection, the spatial segregation of the reactants produces spatial gradients in the excitability and hence the nucleation of one or two spatially localized wave trains. We observed that in the presence of convective motions, these wave trains can also appear and remain localized, according to the type of buoyancy-driven instability which is at play. Moreover the chemical reaction triggers the onset of additional patterns. We have also characterized the hydrodynamic patterns which appear due to cross-diffusion in microemulsions. We have shown that, if a concentration gradient of one species is able to trigger a flux of another species, an unstable density stratification may appear and cause the onset of convection. Finally we have studied the convective dissolution of an organic phase (alkyl formate) into an aqueous phase. We have shown that, above a certain threshold, an increase in the miscibility between the two phases leads to an increase in the intensity of the fluid motions. Our results help to understand the effect of bimolecular or oscillating reactions, dissolution processes and cross-diffusion on the properties of reaction-diffusion-convection structures. This work paves the way towards the study of novel self-organized spatio-temporal patterns coupling the organizing power of chemical reactions and of hydrodynamic flows, both in aqueous solutions and multiphase media.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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16

Jackson, Michael. "Interfacial instability analysis of viscous flows in a Hele-Shaw channel." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/212417/1/Michael_Jackson_Thesis.pdf.

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When a less viscous fluid displaces a more viscous fluid inside a quasi-two-dimensional channel, the interface separating the two fluids can become highly unstable and perturbed. By assuming that the more viscous fluid is finite in volume, this thesis uses analytical and computational methods to investigate the effect of two fluid interfaces. The results could have implication in fields such as oil extraction, geology, and advanced manufacturing.
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17

Touré, Abdoulaye. "Hydraulique en charge des fluides thixotropes." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0051.

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Un fluide thixotrope soumis a un cisaillement constant voit sa consistance diminuer dans le temps (destructuration) et augmenter au repos (restructuration), ces deux evolutions pouvant etre simultanees. Ce travail porte sur l'exploration et l'identification des effets de la thixotropie sur les ecoulements en charge transitoires et permanents et sur leur stabilite. Pour mener a bien cette recherche, plusieurs fluides modeles transparents finement caracterises d'un point de vue rheometrique ont ete mis au point et en circulation dans une installation entierement transparente. Les mesures mecaniques globales ont montre d'une part que lors de l'ecoulement de demarrage, la presence de seuil d'ecoulement, la rheofluidification et le comportement visqueux ont peu d'effet sur le caractere et la duree du demarrage ; seule la thixotropie joue un role comparativement preponderant. Et d'autre part, en regime permanent l'augmentation de l'echelle de temps de la thixotropie par rapport au temps de residence d'une particule fluide dans la conduite, a nombre de reynolds et a nombre de seuil constants augmente considerablement les pertes de pression singuliere. L'etude locale du champ cinematique du fluide thixotrope a permis de mettre en evidence les instabilites durant la phase de demarrage ainsi que dans le regime permanent. Dans la phase de demarrage, l'instabilite de l'ecoulement prend la forme d'une digitation du fluide provenant du reservoir au travers du fluide initialement dans la conduite. Une simulation experimentale de la thixotropie au moyen d'un fluide entrant newtonien moins visqueux poussant soit un fluide rheofluidifiant plus visqueux ou un fluide a seuil sans thixotropie montre egalement l'existence d'instabilites similaires. En regime permanent, la non homogeneite spatiale de l'histoire de cisaillement est a l'origine de la variation spatiale des proprietes mecaniques du fluide thixotrope provoquant une stratification des proprietes mecaniques qui conduit a l'instabilite. Cependant la mesure globale des pertes de charge montre que le coefficient de frottement moyen en regime instable est proche de celui d'un ecoulement etabli
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18

Grahn, Alexander. "Strömungsinstabilitäten bei Stoffübergang und chemischer Reaktion an der ebenen Grenzfläche zwischen zwei nicht mischbaren Flüssigkeiten." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-28755.

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In verfahrenstechnischen Anlagen der Flüssig-Flüssig-Stoffübertragung kommt es an der Phasengrenze zwischen den nicht mischbaren Flüssigphasen häufig zur Ausbildung hydrodynamischer Instabilitäten. Sie sind mit komplexen Geschwindigkeitsfeldern in den Flüssigphasen, insbesondere in den grenzschichtnahen Regionen verbunden und führen zu einem starken Anstieg der pro Zeiteinheit übertragenen Stoffmenge. Die Lösung der Diffusionsgleichung reicht in diesem Fall zur Vorausberechnung des für Auslegungszwecke bedeutsamen Stoffdurchgangskoeffizienten nicht mehr aus. Chemische Reaktionen stellen Quellen oder Senken von Wärme und Stoff dar, die das Auftreten von Instabilitäten begünstigen und die mathematische Beschreibung zusätzlich erschweren. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen zum Flüssig-Flüssig-Stoffübergang in einem vertikalen Kapillarspalt durchgeführt. Reaktionsfreie Stoffübergänge und solche mit einer exothermen chemischen Reaktion an der Phasengrenze zeigten eine große Vielfalt von Konvektionsstrukturen, wie Rollzellen, Thermiken und das doppeldiffusive Fingerregime. Die Visualisierung der Transportvorgänge erfolgte durch das Schattenschlierenverfahren. Die Beobachtungen wurden hinsichtlich geometrischer Eigenschaften von Konvektionsstrukturen sowie deren zeitlicher Änderung ausgewertet. Dazu zählten insbesondere das Längenwachstum von Thermiken und horizontale Wellenlängen von Fingerstrukturen. Zur mathematischen Beschreibung der Phänomene im Kapillarspalt wurde ein Modell entwickelt, welches auf den gekoppelten, zweidimensionalen Transportgleichungen von Impuls, Wärme und Stoff beruht. Es berücksichtigt dichte- und grenzflächenspannungsgetriebene Instabilitätsmechanismen sowie die besonderen Durchströmungseigenschaften des Kapillarspalts. Die Phasengrenze wurde als eben angenommen. Die Lösung der Modellgleichungen erfolgt auf numerischem Wege durch ein Computerprogramm. Das Modell ist in der Lage, die beobachteten Instabilitätsphänomene qualitativ richtig wiederzugeben. Mit Hilfe von Simulationsrechnungen konnte der Mechanismus aufgeklärt werden, der zum schnelleren Rückgang des Stoffdurchgangskoeffizienten im Rollzellenregime der rein grenzflächenspannungsgetrieben Instabilität im Vergleich zum Vorgang mit überlagerter Dichtekonvektion führt. Des Weiteren gelang der Nachweis des doppeldiffusiven Fingerregimes beim Stoffübergang mit exothermer Grenzflächenreaktion. Die berechnete Erhöhung des Stoffdurchgangskoeffizienten stimmt mit Angaben in experimentellen Arbeiten anderer Autoren überein.
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19

Grahn, Alexander. "Strömungsinstabilitäten bei Stoffübergang und chemischer Reaktion an der ebenen Grenzfläche zwischen zwei nicht mischbaren Flüssigkeiten." Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 2005. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21702.

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In verfahrenstechnischen Anlagen der Flüssig-Flüssig-Stoffübertragung kommt es an der Phasengrenze zwischen den nicht mischbaren Flüssigphasen häufig zur Ausbildung hydrodynamischer Instabilitäten. Sie sind mit komplexen Geschwindigkeitsfeldern in den Flüssigphasen, insbesondere in den grenzschichtnahen Regionen verbunden und führen zu einem starken Anstieg der pro Zeiteinheit übertragenen Stoffmenge. Die Lösung der Diffusionsgleichung reicht in diesem Fall zur Vorausberechnung des für Auslegungszwecke bedeutsamen Stoffdurchgangskoeffizienten nicht mehr aus. Chemische Reaktionen stellen Quellen oder Senken von Wärme und Stoff dar, die das Auftreten von Instabilitäten begünstigen und die mathematische Beschreibung zusätzlich erschweren. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen zum Flüssig-Flüssig-Stoffübergang in einem vertikalen Kapillarspalt durchgeführt. Reaktionsfreie Stoffübergänge und solche mit einer exothermen chemischen Reaktion an der Phasengrenze zeigten eine große Vielfalt von Konvektionsstrukturen, wie Rollzellen, Thermiken und das doppeldiffusive Fingerregime. Die Visualisierung der Transportvorgänge erfolgte durch das Schattenschlierenverfahren. Die Beobachtungen wurden hinsichtlich geometrischer Eigenschaften von Konvektionsstrukturen sowie deren zeitlicher Änderung ausgewertet. Dazu zählten insbesondere das Längenwachstum von Thermiken und horizontale Wellenlängen von Fingerstrukturen. Zur mathematischen Beschreibung der Phänomene im Kapillarspalt wurde ein Modell entwickelt, welches auf den gekoppelten, zweidimensionalen Transportgleichungen von Impuls, Wärme und Stoff beruht. Es berücksichtigt dichte- und grenzflächenspannungsgetriebene Instabilitätsmechanismen sowie die besonderen Durchströmungseigenschaften des Kapillarspalts. Die Phasengrenze wurde als eben angenommen. Die Lösung der Modellgleichungen erfolgt auf numerischem Wege durch ein Computerprogramm. Das Modell ist in der Lage, die beobachteten Instabilitätsphänomene qualitativ richtig wiederzugeben. Mit Hilfe von Simulationsrechnungen konnte der Mechanismus aufgeklärt werden, der zum schnelleren Rückgang des Stoffdurchgangskoeffizienten im Rollzellenregime der rein grenzflächenspannungsgetrieben Instabilität im Vergleich zum Vorgang mit überlagerter Dichtekonvektion führt. Des Weiteren gelang der Nachweis des doppeldiffusiven Fingerregimes beim Stoffübergang mit exothermer Grenzflächenreaktion. Die berechnete Erhöhung des Stoffdurchgangskoeffizienten stimmt mit Angaben in experimentellen Arbeiten anderer Autoren überein.
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20

Maes, RENAUD POL. "Etude expérimentale de la digitation visqueuse de fluides miscibles en cellule de Hele-Shaw." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/216585.

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La digitation visqueuse est une instabilité hydrodynamique apparaissant lorsque, dans un milieu poreux, un fluide moins visqueux déplace un fluide plus visqueux. L'objectif de notre thèse est l'étude expérimentale des propriétés des motifs de digitation lorsque l'échantillon de fluide visqueux est de taille finie et lorsqu'une réaction chimique modifie la viscosité dans un milieu poreux modèle, en l'occurrence une cellule de Hele-Shaw. En particulier, notre étude a permis de quantifier la contribution de dispersion et de la digitation visqueuse, l'étalement dans l'espace d'échantillons de taille finie en fonction des paramètres expérimentaux (contraste de viscosité, vitesse de déplacement et taille de l'échantillon). Pour les fluides réactifs, nous analysons la digitation induite par une réaction A + B C dont le produit C est plus visqueux que les réactifs A et B, ceux-ci ayant la même viscosité. Nous mettons en évidence l'effet des concentrations en réactifs, du choix du fluide vecteur et du débit d'injection sur le motif de digitation.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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21

Zacharoudiou, Ioannis. "Viscous fingering and liquid crystals in confinement." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:09b37fb9-5a93-4ea2-8f4f-4e5e70c5fc07.

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This thesis focuses on two problems lying within the field of soft condensed matter: the viscous fingering or Saffman-Taylor instability and nematic liquid crystals in confinement. Whenever a low viscosity fluid displaces a high viscosity fluid in a porous medium, for example water pushing oil out of oil reservoirs, the interface between the two fluids is rendered unstable. Viscous fingers develop, grow and compete until a single finger spans all the way from inlet to outlet. Here, using a free energy lattice Boltzmann algorithm, we examine the Saffman-Taylor instability for two different wetting situations: (a) when neither of the two fluids wet the walls of the channel and (b) when the displacing fluids completely wets the walls. We demonstrate that curvature effects in the third dimension, which arise because of the wetting boundary conditions, can lead to a novel suppression of the instability. Recent experiments in microchannels using colloid-polymer mixtures support our findings. In the second part of the thesis we examine nematic liquid crystals confined in wedge-structured geometries. In these systems the final stable configuration of the liquid crystal system is controlled by the complex interplay between confinement, elasticity and surface anchoring. Varying the wedge opening angle this competition leads to a splay to bend transition mediated by a defect in the bulk of the wedge. Using a hybrid lattice Boltzmann algorithm we study the splay-bend transition and compare to recent experiments on {em fd} virus particles in microchannels. Our numerical results, in quantitative agreement with the experiments, enable us to predict the position of the defect as a function of opening angle, and elucidate its role in the change of director structure. This has relevance to novel energy saving, liquid crystal devices which rely on defect motion and pinning to create bistable director configurations.
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22

Singh, Brajesh Kumar. "Flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in porous media, the viscous fingering instability." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/MQ49685.pdf.

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23

Lira, Sérgio Henrique Albuquerque. "Viscous Fingering In Complex Magnetic Fluids: Weakly Nonlinear Analysis, Stationary Solutions And Phase-field Models." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12734.

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CNPq; INCT-FCx.
Nesta Tese são empregadas técnicas analíticas e numéricas para investigar o fenômeno de formação de dedos viscosos entre fluidos imiscíveis confinados quando um destes fluidos é um fluido magnético complexo. Diferentes tipos de esquemas geométricos efetivamente bidimensionais foram investigados. Duas situações distintas são tomadas com relação à natureza da amostra de fluido magnético: um fluido newtoniano usual, e um fluido magneto-reológico que apresenta um yield stress dependente da intensidade do campo magnético. Equações governantes adequadas são derivadas para cada um dos casos. Para obter um entendimento analítico dos estágios iniciais da evolução temporal da interface foi empregada uma análise fracamente não-linear de modos acoplados. Este tipo de análise acessa a estabilidade de uma interface inicialmente perturbada e também revela a morfologia dos dedos emergentes. Em algumas circunstâncias soluções estacionárias podem ser encontradas mesmo na ordem não-linear mais baixa. Nesta situação é feita uma comparação de algumas destas soluções com soluções estáticas totalmente não-lineares obtidas através de um formalismo de vortex-sheet na condição de equilíbrio. Em seguida foi desenvolvido um modelo de phase-field aplicado a fluidos magnéticos que é capaz de simular numericamente a dinâmica totalmente não-linear do sistema. O modelo consiste em introduzir uma função auxiliar que reproduz uma interface difusa de espessura finita. Utilizando esta ferramenta também é possível estudar um complexo problema de dedos viscosos de origem biológica: o fluxo de actina como um fluido ativo dentro de um fragmento lamelar.
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24

Foyart, Guillaume. "Fractures et instabilités de fluides viscoélastiques en cellule de Hele-Shaw." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01019314.

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Les mécanismes de fracture dans les matériaux solides ont été activement étudiés. Dans les fluides complexes, les fractures ont déjà été observées et sont jusqu'à présent beaucoup moins bien documentées. Nous avons choisi d'analyser les phénomènes de fracturation dans une classe particulière de fluides complexes : les gels transitoires auto-assemblés. Ces gels, viscoélastiques, possèdent la propriété de s'écouler aux temps longs et de se comporter de manière élastique aux temps courts. Nous avons axé cette thèse autour de trois systèmes modèles : des microémulsions connectées, des solutions de micelles géantes, ainsi qu'un système " hybride " constitué de solutions de micelles de morphologie contrôlable et connectées. Tous ces systèmes, qui sont à l'équilibre thermodynamique, se comportent comme des fluides de Maxwell, néanmoins leurs microstructures sont très différentes. Les microémulsions connectées sont formées de gouttelettes d'huile, stabilisées par des tensioactifs, dispersées dans de l'eau et connectées par des polymères téléchéliques. Les solutions de micelles géantes sont des agrégats allongés et semi-flexibles, enchevêtrés, résultant de l'auto-assemblage de tensioactifs en solution dans l'eau. Enfin, le système de micelles pontées est constitué d'agrégats de tensioactifs dont on peut contrôler la morphologie (sphères -> cylindres -> vers) et qui sont pontés par un polymère téléchélique. Ces trois systèmes ont été étudiés dans une géométrie confinée : une cellule de Hele-Shaw radiale. Elle est constituée de deux plaques de verre séparées par des espaceurs de taille contrôlée (500 µm) et percée d'un trou en son centre permettant l'injection de fluides.Nos expériences consistent en l'injection, à débit contrôlé, d'une huile faiblement visqueuse dans le gel. Le contraste de viscosité entre l'huile injectée et le gel étant important, l'interface huile/gel n'est pas stable. En fonction du débit d'injection d'huile, nous avons observé différents phénomènes. A bas débits d'injection, une instabilité visco-capillaire se développe : l'interface huile/gel se déforme et forme des motifs appelés doigts visqueux. Cette instabilité de Saffman-Taylor est bien connue pour des fluides visqueux. A plus haut débit en revanche, un autre type d'instabilité se développe, d'origine élasto-capillaire : les fractures.Nous avons quantifié les différences entre les deux types d'instabilité. En utilisant des techniques complémentaires, visualisation directe à l'aide d'une caméra rapide et vélocimétrie par corrélation d'images, nous avons montré qu'il existe une discontinuité entre la vitesse de l'interface huile/gel et la vitesse du gel à la pointe de fracture. Cette discontinuité est inexistante dans le cas de la digitation. Nous avons montré que la structure du gel influe sur la transition entre ces deux types d'instabilité. En étudiant les champs de déplacement des microémulsions connectées, nous avons caractérisé les déplacements du gel autour de la pointe, notamment la manière dont l'amplitude des déplacements du gel décroit quand on s'éloigne de la pointe de fracture. Quand la structure du gel peut se réorganiser sous écoulement, nous avons mesuré un signal de biréfringence associé à ces réorganisations. En étudiant ce signal, qui apparait à la pointe d'une fracture, nous avons pu réaliser une première mesure macroscopique de la taille d'une " zone de process ". Nous avons montré que cette zone est d'autant plus grande que la vitesse de la fracture est petite.Lors d'expériences consistant à injecter des solutions de micelles géantes dans elles-mêmes, nous avons découvert l'existence d'une instabilité d'écoulement inconnue jusqu'à aujourd'hui. Elle se caractérise par la perte transitoire de la symétrie radiale de l'écoulement et l'apparition de "branches " biréfringentes se propageant à de très hautes vitesses dans le gel et qui, au final, déforment l'interface air/gel.
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25

Hsiao, Po-Yin, and 蕭博尹. "Control Fingering Instability of Magnetic Fluid in Spin Coating." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58199481299472827666.

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碩士
國立中央大學
機械工程研究所
94
In spin coating, the instability fingers would arise at the wave front of continuous liquid film. Study the magnetic fluid in spin coating submitted to a perpendicular magnetic field. It produces the phenomenon breakup in peaks that the static magnetic fluid is influenced by the perpendicular magnetic field, the magnetization will increase as increasing the intensity of magnetic field and decrease as increasing the viscosity. We compare the trend of no magnetic field, start magnetic field at the same time and magnetic field before rotation, the maximum radius of no magnetic field is greater than the others. In starting magnetic field before rotation, can fix regular number of fingers, fingering is thicker to cause maximum radius diminish. In order to control fingering instability by starting the magnetic field at the same time and before critical radius. Both of them show the similar fingering phenomena. Additionally, with high rotational speed and strong magnetic field exerted, the number of fingers will decrease. While rotating in low rotational speed, the number of fingers will increase. Comparing with the result of no magnetic field and the presence of a magnetic field, we can summary the influence that magnetic field make coating radius and fingering change.
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26

Lin, Kun Yeh, and 林昆燁. "Investigation of the Viscous Fingering in Fluid Assisted Injection Molded Disks." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20919124219468159597.

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博士
長庚大學
機械工程研究所
97
One of the problems encountered in fluid assisted injection molded parts is the gas or water “fingering” phenomenon, in which gas (water) bubbles penetrate non-uniformly into the core of the parts and form finger-shape branches. Severe fingerings can lead to significant reductions in part stiffness. This study investigated the fingering phenomenon in fluid assisted injection molded disk parts. Experiments were carried out on a reciprocating injection molding machine equipped with gas and water injection units. The material used was virgin polypropylene. A disk cavity with two different thicknesses was used for all experiments. The effects of various processing parameters on the fingering were examined. It was found that the melt short shot size and mold temperature were the principal parameters affecting the formation of part fingerings. In addition, the formation mechanism of part fingerings has also been proposed to better understand the formation of part fingerings. It has been shown that the fluid assisted filling process is an unstable system by nature. Any small perturbation by material viscosity or by temperature gradient can trigger the unbalance of gas (water) penetrations in the parts and result in fingerings.
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27

Lin, Yi-Xuan, and 林怡萱. "Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation of viscous fingering in radial porous media: interplay between injection and wettability." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nks57v.

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碩士
國立中央大學
機械工程學系
107
Displacing a more viscous fluid by another less viscous fluid leads to instabilities of the interface between two fluids due to the viscosity contrast. The phenomenon is called viscous fingering. Researchers already found out that linear time-dependent injection rate is able to suppress this phenomenon. Our work here is to take a step further, by applying the scheme in porous media. We consider the radial Hele-Shaw cell and porous media flow, and focus on how wettability may affect the instability suppress. The results in Hele-Shaw cell show that the linear injection flow rate suppress the instabilities effectively for drainage flow, in which a non-wetting fluid displaces a wetting fluid; On the other hand, this scheme doesn’t work for imbibition flow where a wetting fluid displace a non-wetting fluid. This is because the interfacial force caused by the wettability, directs in same the direction as imbibition flow. In porous media, a linear injection rate has little impact on both kinds of flow. Drainage flow tends to flow toward larger pores while imbibition flow most likely flows toward smaller pores, which both induce the onset of instability that is hardly suppressible by the linear flow rates.
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28

Wu, Tung-Yu, and 吳東育. "Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation of Influence of Suction and Wettability on Viscous Fingering in Radial Porous Media." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/r3a25p.

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碩士
國立中央大學
機械工程學系
107
When low-viscosity fluids displace higher-viscosity fluids, it causes the flow instability of the two-phase interface. This phenomenon is called viscous finger. According to previous studies, time-dependent suction flow rate can inhibit the viscous finger at a low capillary number in the Hele-Shaw cell. This study was to confirm whether this method is equally applicable to porous media. We perform the simulation of radial Hele-Shaw cell to analyze the influence of wettability. The results regarding the Hele-Shaw cell show the linear suction flow rate can indeed suppress finger at low capillary number, and drainage flow performs better than imbibition flow at maintaining the stability of the interface. Regarding porous media flow, little it can suppress finger that we use the linear suction flow rate. Under the influence of capillary pressure for differences pore sizes, drainage flow tends to flow to the larger pores and the imbibition flow tends to flow to the smaller pores. Because the wetting fluid can surround the particles by wetting the particles, imbibition flow has a larger fingering width, and display better displacement rates than drainage flow.
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29

Trnovec, Bystrik. "Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Schichtbildung im Tiefdruck mittels hydrophobierter Druckform mit Applikationsbeispielen aus dem Bereich der gedruckten OPV." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A20554.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt eine experimentelle Untersuchung der Schichtbildung von nichtnewtonschen Flüssigkeiten im Tiefdruckverfahren auf nicht saugfähigen Substraten. Das fluiddynamisch bedingte „viscous fingering“ beim Farbspaltungsprozess soll mittels Hydrophobieren der Druckform gehemmt werden. Ziel ist es, möglichst homogene sowie wellenfreie Schichten zu erzeugen. Um ein direkt miteinander vergleichbares Druckergebnis zu erhalten, wird der Druckstoff parallel mit einer unbehandelten und hydrophobierten Form bedruckt. Als Druckstoff werden anstelle von Druckfarbe funktionale Materialien (vorzugsweise PEDOT:PSS) verwendet und variiert, wobei die elektrischen und geometrischen Schichteigenschaften, beispielsweise der elektrische Widerstand und die Rauheit, zur Ermittlung der gesetzten Ziele untersucht wurden. Hiermit und mittels Nutzung einer hydrophobierten Druckform kann eine deutliche Minderung der Wellenbildung (viscous fingering) bei vielen Druckstoffarten beobachtet werden. Die Minderung des viscous fingering im Farbspaltungsprozess und eine nahezu vollständige Leerung der hydrophobierten Tiefdruckform haben einen wesentlichen Nutzwert für den künftigen Einsatz nicht nur für die „gedruckte Elektronik“.
In this work is described experimental research about layer forming from non-Newtonian fluids in gravure printing on non-porous substrates. The viscous fingering, caused through fluid dynamics at splitting of printed material should be decreased by hydrophobic-surface modification of gravure printing form. The aim was to print wave-free homogenous layers. To achieve comparable results, modified and pure form were used simultaneously to print the same material. The printed material was mainly PEDOT:PSS and other, which is used in printed electronics. The properties (surface tension, viscosity) of printed materials were varied by additives. Printing conditions were varied too. The characteristic of printed layers were studied: resistivity, roughness, density, etc. The results shows decreasing of waviness, roughness and viscous fingering in final layer through use of hydrophobic gravure printing form, compared to print results with common printing form. This can be applied not only in the field of printed electronics.
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30

Catchpoole, Heather J. "The influence of viscosity induced flow instability in liquid chromatography." Thesis, 2009. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/506987.

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The flow instability process of viscous fingering has been widely researched for many years but its direct impact on liquid chromatography has not been extensively investigated. More specifically the morphology and flow patterns that the solute plugs experience as they pass through the column at various viscosities. The process of viscous fingering involves a fluid of a lower viscosity penetrating a fluid with a high viscosity. When the viscosity between the two liquids is significantly different the lower viscosity fluid enters the high viscosity fluid in a complex way such that the interface of the two fluids is augmented to resemble a series of fingers. The chromatographic solute plug as two liquid-liquid interfaces and depending on which is more viscous the plug (rear interface – fingers appear to trail plug) or the mobile phase (leading interface – fingers appear to proceed the plug) it will determine at which interface the instability will occur. High viscosity differences between the solute plug and the mobile phase has been linked to poor separations, but small viscosity differences have not been fully evaluated as the chromatographic peaks can maintain a normal distribution. This thesis investigates and describes the phenomena of viscous fingering as it applies to reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and size exclusion chromatography. Clearly visualising the solute plug as it passes through the liquid chromatography column and the way in which a change of viscosity influences the plug can be monitored using an optical visualisation technique. This technique involves the use of matching the refractive index of the fluid passing through the column to that of the stationary phase (silica based) within a glass column. The mobile phase used was a mixture so that the viscosity could be altered yet the refractive index could be maintained. This optical technique rendered the opaque stationary phase transparent and a coloured solute injected onto the column could be photographed and visual changes due to viscous fingering can be documented. Photographs were used to record the plugs movement along the column, and conventional post-column detection responses (chromatograms) were collected for comparison.
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31

Tsai, Chang-Hao, and 蔡長豪. "Experiment of Labyrinthine Fingering Instability in Magnetic Fluids." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21742683160565039202.

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碩士
大葉大學
機械工程研究所碩士班
92
Labyrinthine fingering phenomena in a circular geometry are observed by a CCD camera and studied for a magnetic fluid submitted to a perpendicular magnetic field. Magnetic fluid is injected at the center of a Hele-Shaw cell filled with air for the immiscible case and diesel oil for the miscible case, respectively. The instability of the interface between the air∕magnetic fluid and diesel oil∕magnetic fluid is more vigorous due to the presence of a magnetic field. The threshold of the instability, number of fingers and the corresponding growth velocity of fingers are magnetic field dependent. In the study of the immiscible cases, the normalization gyration diameters obtained for the high magnetic field with a small diameter of magnetic fluid are nearly the same as those for the low magnetic field with a larger diameter of magnetic fluid. The Hele-Shaw cell with a larger thickness has a higher velocity of finger growth. The preliminary results of the miscible experiment are also presented.The interfaces of immiscible and miscible cases are completely different. Diffusion and convection are observed at the miscible interfaces. Both diffusion and convection of magnetic particles in the miscible experiment play important roles.
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32

(8072786), Soroush Aramideh. "COMPLEX FLUIDS IN POROUS MEDIA: PORE-SCALE TO FIELD-SCALE COMPUTATIONS." Thesis, 2019.

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Understanding flow and transport in porous media is critical as it plays a central role in many biological, natural, and industrial processes. Such processes are not limited to one length or time scale; they occur over a wide span of scales from micron to Kilometers and microseconds to years. While field-scale simulation relies on a continuum description of the flow and transport, one must take into account transport processes occurring on much smaller scales. In doing so, pore-scale modeling is a powerful tool for shedding light on processes at small length and time scales.

In this work, we look into the multi-phase flow and transport through porous media at two different scales, namely pore- and Darcy scales. First, using direct numerical simulations, we study pore-scale Eulerian and Lagrangian statistics. We study the evolution of Lagrangian velocities for uniform injection of particles and numerically verify their relationship with the Eulerian velocity field. We show that for three porous media velocity, probability distributions change over a range of porosities from an exponential distribution to a Gaussian distribution. We thus model this behavior by using a power-exponential function and show that it can accurately represent the velocity distributions. Finally, using fully resolved velocity field and pore-geometry, we show that despite the randomness in the flow and pore space distributions, their two-point correlation functions decay extremely similarly.

Next, we extend our previous study to investigate the effect of viscoelastic fluids on particle dispersion, velocity distributions, and flow resistance in porous media. We show that long-term particle dispersion could not be modulated by using viscoelastic fluids in random porous media. However, flow resistance compared to the Newtonian case goes through three distinct regions depending on the strength of fluid elasticity. We also show that when elastic effects are strong, flow thickens and strongly fluctuates even in the absence of inertial forces.

Next, we focused our attention on flow and transport at the Darcy scale. In particular, we study a tertiary improved oil recovery technique called surfactant-polymer flooding. In this work, which has been done in collaboration with Purdue enhanced oil recovery lab, we aim at modeling coreflood experiments using 1D numerical simulations. To do so, we propose a framework in which various experiments need to be done to quantity surfactant phase behavior, polymer rheology, polymer effects on rock permeability, dispersion, and etc. Then, via a sensitivity study, we further reduce the parameter space of the problem to facilitate the model calibration process. Finally, we propose a multi-stage calibration algorithm in which two critically important parameters, namely peak pressure drop, and cumulative oil recovery factor, are matched with experimental data. To show the predictive capabilities of our framework, we numerically simulate two additional coreflood experiments and show good agreement with experimental data for both of our quantities of interest.

Lastly, we study the unstable displacement of non-aqueous phase liquids (e.g., oil) via a finite-size injection of surfactant-polymer slug in a 2-D domain with homogeneous and heterogeneous permeability fields. Unstable displacement could be detrimental to surfactant-polymer flood and thus is critically important to design it in a way that a piston-like displacement is achieved for maximum recovery. We study the effects of mobility ratio, finite-size length of surfactant-polymer slug, and heterogeneity on the effectiveness of such process by looking into recovery rate and breakthrough and removal times.
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