Academic literature on the topic 'Fluid analogue'

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Journal articles on the topic "Fluid analogue"

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Bilic, Neven, and Dijana Tolic. "Analogue cosmology in a hadronic fluid." Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology 12, no. 2 (2014): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fupct1402077b.

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Analog gravity models of general relativity seem promising routes to providing laboratory tests of the foundation of quantum field theory in curved space-time. In contrast to general relativity, where geometry of a spacetime is determined by the Einstein equations, in analog models geometry and evolution of analog spacetime are determined by the equations of fluid mechanics. In this paper we study the analogue gravity model based on massless pions propagating in a expanding hadronic fluid. The analog expanding spacetime takes the form of an FRW universe, with the apparent and trapping horizons defined in the standard way.
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Carvalho, Denise, Ana Rodrigues, Vera Faustino, Diana Pinho, Elisabete Castanheira, and Rui Lima. "Microfluidic Deformability Study of an Innovative Blood Analogue Fluid Based on Giant Unilamellar Vesicles." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 9, no. 4 (December 4, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb9040070.

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Blood analogues have long been a topic of interest in biofluid mechanics due to the safety and ethical issues involved in the collection and handling of blood samples. Although the current blood analogue fluids can adequately mimic the rheological properties of blood from a macroscopic point of view, at the microscopic level blood analogues need further development and improvement. In this work, an innovative blood analogue containing giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) was developed to mimic the flow behavior of red blood cells (RBCs). A natural lipid mixture, soybean lecithin, was used for the GUVs preparation, and three different lipid concentrations were tested (1 × 10−3 M, 2 × 10−3 M and 4 × 10−3 M). GUV solutions were prepared by thin film hydration with a buffer, followed by extrusion. It was found that GUVs present diameters between 5 and 7 µm which are close to the size of human RBCs. Experimental flow studies of three different GUV solutions were performed in a hyperbolic-shaped microchannel in order to measure the GUVs deformability when subjected to a homogeneous extensional flow. The result of the deformation index (DI) of the GUVs was about 0.5, which is in good agreement with the human RBC’s DI. Hence, the GUVs developed in this study are a promising way to mimic the mechanical properties of the RBCs and to further develop particulate blood analogues with flow properties closer to those of real blood.
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Jusufi, Kimet, and Ali Övgün. "Canonical acoustic thin-shell wormholes." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 07 (February 27, 2017): 1750047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773231750047x.

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In this paper, we model a canonical acoustic thin-shell wormhole (CATSW) in the framework of analogue gravity systems. In this model, we apply cut and paste technique to join together two spherically symmetric, analogue canonical acoustic solutions, and compute the analogue surface density/surface pressure of the fluid using the Darmois–Israel formalism. We study the stability analyses by using a linear barotropic fluid (LBF), Chaplygin fluid (CF), logarithmic fluid (LogF), polytropic fluid (PF) and finally Van der Waals Quintessence (VDWQ). We show that a kind of analog acoustic fluid with negative energy is required at the throat to keep the wormhole stable. It is argued that CATSW can be a stabile thin-shell wormhole if we choose a suitable parameter values.
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Masovic, Drasko, and Ennes Sarradj. "Derivation of Lighthill’s Eighth Power Law of an Aeroacoustic Quadrupole in Acoustic Spacetime." Acoustics 2, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 666–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics2030035.

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Acoustic spacetime is a four-dimensional manifold analogue to the relativistic spacetime with the reference speed of light replaced by the speed of sound. It has been established primarily for the indirect studies of relativistic phenomena by means of their better understood acoustic analogues. More recently, it has also been used for the analytical treatment of sound propagation in various uniform and non-uniform flows of the background fluid. In this paper the analogy is extended and utilized to derive Lighthill’s eight power law for sound generation of an aeroacoustic quadrupole. Adding to the existing analogue theory, propagating sound waves are described in terms of a weak perturbation of the background acoustic spacetime metric. The obtained result proves that the acoustic analogy can be extended to cover both weak perturbation of the fluid due to the sound waves and certain sound generation mechanisms, at least in incompressible low Mach number flows.
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Jacquet, M. J., T. Boulier, F. Claude, A. Maître, E. Cancellieri, C. Adrados, A. Amo, et al. "Polariton fluids for analogue gravity physics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2177 (July 20, 2020): 20190225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0225.

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Analogue gravity enables the study of fields on curved space–times in the laboratory. There are numerous experimental platforms in which amplification at the event horizon or the ergoregion has been observed. Here, we demonstrate how optically generating a defect in a polariton microcavity enables the creation of one- and two-dimensional, transsonic fluid flows. We show that this highly tuneable method permits the creation of horizons. Furthermore, we present a rotating geometry akin to the water-wave bathtub vortex. These experiments usher in the possibility of observing stimulated as well as spontaneous amplification by the Hawking, Penrose and Zeld’ovich effects in fluids of light. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The next generation of analogue gravity experiments’.
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Sadek, Samir Hassan, Manuel Rubio, Rui Lima, and Emilio José Vega. "Blood Particulate Analogue Fluids: A Review." Materials 14, no. 9 (May 9, 2021): 2451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092451.

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Microfluidics has proven to be an extraordinary working platform to mimic and study blood flow phenomena and the dynamics of components of the human microcirculatory system. However, the use of real blood increases the complexity to perform these kinds of in vitro blood experiments due to diverse problems such as coagulation, sample storage, and handling problems. For this reason, interest in the development of fluids with rheological properties similar to those of real blood has grown over the last years. The inclusion of microparticles in blood analogue fluids is essential to reproduce multiphase effects taking place in a microcirculatory system, such as the cell-free layer (CFL) and Fähraeus–Lindqvist effect. In this review, we summarize the progress made in the last twenty years. Size, shape, mechanical properties, and even biological functionalities of microparticles produced/used to mimic red blood cells (RBCs) are critically exposed and analyzed. The methods developed to fabricate these RBC templates are also shown. The dynamic flow/rheology of blood particulate analogue fluids proposed in the literature (with different particle concentrations, in most of the cases, relatively low) is shown and discussed in-depth. Although there have been many advances, the development of a reliable blood particulate analogue fluid, with around 45% by volume of microparticles, continues to be a big challenge.
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Paor, Annraoi M. De. "A Fluid Analogy to Mutual Inductance, Based on The Atmospheric Railway." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 29, no. 2 (April 1992): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099202900202.

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A fluid analogy to mutual inductance, based on the atmospheric railway It is shown that the propulsion system for the Kingstown (now Dùn Laoghaire) to Dalkey Atmospheric Railway (1843–1854) is a translational counterpart to an idling turbine analogue for self-inductance. A two-pipeline atmospheric system driving a whirligig is proposed as an analogue for mutual inductance.
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BATISTA, A. B., J. C. FABRIS, S. V. B. GONCALVES, and J. TOSSA. "QUANTUM PERFECT FLUID COSMOLOGICAL MODEL AND ITS CLASSICAL ANALOGUE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 17, no. 20 (August 10, 2002): 2749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0201176x.

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The quantization of gravity coupled to a perfect fluid model leads to a Schrödinger-like equation, where the matter variable plays the role of time. The wave function can be determined, in the flat case, for an arbitrary barotropic equation of state p = α ρ; solutions can also be found for the radiative non-flat case. The wave packets are constructed, from which the expectation value for the scale factor is determined. The quantum scenarios reveal a bouncing Universe, free from singularity. Such quantum cosmological perfect fluid models admit a universal classical analogue, represented by the addition, to the ordinary classical model, of a repulsive stiff matter fluid1,2. The existence of this universal classical analogue may imply that this perfect fluid coupled to gravity model is not a real quantum system. The quantum cosmological perfect fluid model is, for a flat spatial section, formally equivalent to a free particle in ordinary quantum mechanics, for any value of α, while the radiative non-flat case is equivalent to the harmonic oscillator. The repulsive fluid needed to reproduce the quantum results is the same in both cases.
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Solovitz, Stephen A., Darcy E. Ogden, Dave Dae-Wook Kim, and Sang Young Kim. "Coupled fluid and solid evolution in analogue volcanic vents." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 119, no. 7 (July 2014): 5342–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014jb010993.

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Singh, Ksh Newton, N. Pradhan, and Neeraj Pant. "Charge Analogue of Tolman IV Solution for Anisotropic Fluid." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 54, no. 9 (March 17, 2015): 3408–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10773-015-2581-7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fluid analogue"

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Christy, John Randal Ernest. "An investigation of fluid mechanical influences on the clotting of a blood analogue fluid." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13391.

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Kampman, Niko. "Fluid-rock interactions in a carbon storage site analogue, Green River, Utah." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244506.

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Reactions between CO2-charged brines and reservoir minerals might either enhance the long-term storage of CO2 in geological reservoirs or facilitate leakage by corroding cap rocks and fault seals. Modelling the progress of such reactions is frustrated by uncertainties in the absolute mineral surface reaction rates and the significance of other rate limiting steps in natural systems. This study uses the chemical evolution of groundwater from the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone, part of a leaking natural accumulation of CO2 at Green River, Utah, in the Colorado Plateau, USA, to place constraints on the rates and potential controlling mechanisms of the mineral-fluid reactions,under elevated CO2 pressures, in a natural system. The progress of individual reactions, inferred from changes in groundwater chemistry is modelled using mass balance techniques. The mineral reactions are close to stoichiometric with plagioclase and K-feldspar dissolution largely balanced by precipitation of clay minerals and carbonate. Mineral modes, in conjunction with published surface area measurements and flow rates estimated from hydraulic head measurements, are then used to quantify the kinetics of feldspar dissolution. Maximum estimated dissolution rates for plagioclase and K-feldspar are 2x10-14 and 4x10-16 mol·m-2·s-1, respectively. Fluid ion-activity products are close to equilibrium (e.g. DGr for plagioclase between -2 and -10 kJ/mol) and lie in the region in which mineral surface reaction rates show a strong dependence on DGr. Local variation in DGr is attributed to the injection and disassociation of CO2 which initially depresses silicate mineral saturation in the fluid, promoting feldspar dissolution. With progressive flow through the aquifer, feldspar hydrolysis reactions consume H+ and liberate solutes to solution which increase mineral saturation in the fluid and rates slow as a consequence. The measured plagioclase dissolution rates at low DGr would be compatible with far-from-quilibrium rates of ~1x10-13 mol·m-2·s-1 as observed in some experimental studies. This suggests that the discrepancy between field and laboratory reaction rates may in part be explained by the differences in the thermodynamic state of natural and experimental fluids, with field-scale reactions occurring close to equilibrium whereas most laboratory experiments are run far-from-equilibrium. Surface carbonate deposits and cementation within the footwall of the local fault systems record multiple injections of CO2 into the Navajo Aquifer and leakage of CO2 from the site over ca. 400,000 years. The d18O, d13C and 87Sr/86Sr of these deposits record rapid rates of CO2 leakage (up to ~1000 tonnes/a) following injection of CO2, but rates differ by an order of magnitude between each fault, due to differences in the fault architecture. Elevated pCO2 enhances rates of feldspar dissolution in the host aquifer and carbonate precipitation in fracture conduits. Silicate mineral dissolution rates decline and carbonate precipitation rates increase as pH and the CO2 charge dissipate. The Sr/Ca of calcite cements record average precipitation rates of ~2x10-6 mol/m2/s, comparable to laboratory derived calcite precipitation rates in fluids with elevated Mn/Ca and Fe/Ca, at cc of ~1 to 3. This suggests that far-from-equilibrium carbonate precipitation, which blocks fracture conduits and causes the leaking system to self-seal, driven by CO2 degassing in the shallow subsurface, can be accurately modeled with laboratory derived rates. Sandstones altered in CO2 leakage conduits exhibit extensive dissolution of hematite grain coatings and are chemically bleached as a result. Measurements of Eh-pH conditions in the modern fluid, and modeling of paleo-Eh-pH conditions using calcite Fe and Mn concentrations, suggests that the CO2-charged groundwaters are reducing, due to their low dissolved O2 content and that pH suppression due to high pCO2 is capable of dissolving and transporting large concentrations of metals. Exhumed paleo-CO2 reservoirs along the crest of the Green River anticline have been identified using volatile hosting fluid inclusions. Paleo-CO2-charged fluids mobilized hydrocarbons and CH4 from deeper formations, enhancing the reductive dissolution of hematite, which produced spectacular km-scale bleached patterns in these sediment.
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Gilbert, Andrew. "Crystal mobilisation in convecting magma chambers : an analogue experimental approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267176.

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Solidified igneous intrusions from originally liquid magma chambers display a large number of different sedimentary features. These features include the gravitational collapse of sidewalls producing slumps and the layering produced by gravitational settling of crystals. In the chamber fluid-dynamic processes such as convection are expected to occur due to cooling at the roof producing dense gravitationally unstable liquid, and the crystallisation of interstitial liquid changing the composition of the remaining liquid possibly reducing the density causing the liquid to rise up. The crystals which form in basaltic magma chambers have a high propensity to be mobilised due to convection and other fluid-dynamic processes including replenishment by a secondary intrusion. Convective mobilisation of plagioclase grains in vertical, tabular intrusions is seen from flat profiles of apparent aspect ratio as a function of dyke width. These flat profiles were formed due to scouring of gravitationally unstable sidewall mushes, and these crystals then become entrained in the convecting liquid. Convection only ceases once the volume of crystals in suspension reaches a critical volume fraction leading to an increase in viscosity, which dampens the vigour of convection. The majority of this study is performing and analysing a number of different experiments to look at the behaviour of different styles of analogue particle piles. Particle piles that are formed of inert, plastic particles are subjected to convection in the particle layer and in the bulk overlying fluid, and different styles of mobilisation depending on the heat flux driving convection and the density profile of the pile are observed. The mobilisation style goes from rolling of particles on the surface, to puffs of particles from the surface being lofted into the interior, followed by large particle fountains and then the entire particle pile being completely disaggregated and lofted into the interior of the chamber as the force driving convection is increased. The initiation of mobilisation can be explained by the fluidisation of a particle pile, whilst the high degrees of mobilisation seen in some high Rayleigh number regimes can be explaining by resuspending particles. In experiments where particle piles have a positive density profile (dense particles overlying low density particles) the underlying low density particles can break through the overlying layer in particle fountains and can be explained by a modified fluidisation parameter. These experiments lack the reactivity and cohesion that realistic crystal piles would have. To try and quantify this, I have also performed a series of experiments looking at the rheology of an ice-sucrose suspension, where ice crystals can sinter and aggregate together. Under sheared conditions the forces required to disaggregate ice aggregates can be calculated, with the viscosity of an ice-sucrose suspension being described by a power-law relationship of shear rate and crystal radius. The particle pile experiments show that mobilisation of equivalent crystal piles in magma chambers should be readily observed. As it is not observed, except in replenished magmatic systems, this suggests that the additional forces coming from cohesion and aggregation in crystal piles prevent mobilisation of magmatic crystals. The replenishment by secondary intrusions can lead to forces which overcome the strength of the pile.
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Shah, Ashish, and ashishshah7@yahoo co in. "Rheology of Shear Thickening Mineral Slurries." RMIT University. Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080725.133946.

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Abstract In order to improve the optimisation of mineral processing operations the rheological properties of slurries must be determined as accurately as possible under the conditions that closely resemble actual site conditions. The rheology of particles suspended in Newtonian fluids is well documented. However, the rheology of particles in non-Newtonian fluids has not been the subject of much investigation till now. The work conducted here attempts to fill this gap in knowledge. The rheological properties of slurries are heavily dependent on the solids concentrations and particle-solid interaction. At low solids concentrations, constant viscosity and Newtonian behaviour is observed, but as solids concentration increases the rheological behaviour becomes increasingly complex and non-Newtonian with viscosity becoming dependent on the shear rate. The nature of the non-Newtonian behaviour depends on the solid concentration, particle shape, particle size, particle size distribution and the suspending liquid rheological properties. The suspension/slurry may develop a yield stress and become time dependent in nature as structures develop within the fluid at higher solids concentrations. This study however, is primarily focused on the measurement of the rheological properties, where it is assumed that the fluid will be fully sheared and that the rheological properties will be unlikely to change with time. Shear thickening behaviour of slurries was the focus of this work. The aim was to investigate the slurry concentration region where shear thickening occurs. The first objective of the project was to develop a fluid analogue which will have similar rheological behaviour to that of concentrated tailings from gold mines so that it can be used as a test material to simulate the flow behaviour of the tailings in a pipe. The second objective of this project was to enable the prediction of flow behaviour in the pipe loop under certain conditions using the fluid analogue for slurry from Sunrise dam. In order to achieve the objectives, experiments were carried out to obtain a fluid analogue of a shear thickening slurry. CSL 500 and SR 200 rheometers were used for the characterisation of different fluid analogues and shear thickening mineral slurries. Malvern Sizer, model: mastersizerX v1.1, was used to obtain particle size distributions. A mini pipe loop system, located in the laboratory of the Rheology and Materials Processing Centre (RMPC) was used to get pipe line flow data for comparison with the rheometer data. A few fluid analogues with different suspending medium and different concentrations of glass spheres was tested before finally using, 48 vol% glass spheres in 1.8 wt% CMC solution as a fluid analogue for the mineral tailings obtained from Sunrise dam, WA. For comparison between the pipe line and rheometer data, all pipe line data (in the form of 8V/D) were converted to rheometer data (in the form of du/dr) using the Robinowitsch-Mooney equation. The above comparison indicated that it is possible to produce fluid analogue to simulate the flow behaviour of Sunrise dam slurry using a shear thinning suspending medium with high concentration of glass particles. Shear thickening flow behaviour was clearly observed in the rheometer while it was less predominant in a pipe line flow.
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Maccaferri, Francesco <1980&gt. "Numericals and analogue models of fluid-filled fractures propagation in layered media: application to dikes and hydrofractures." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2938/.

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Young, Roland Michael Brendon. "Predictability of a laboratory analogue for planetary atmospheres." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b4f483a6-437c-4914-b94e-cb04d996b337.

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The thermally-driven rotating annulus is a laboratory experiment used to study the dynamics of planetary atmospheres under controlled and reproducible conditions. The predictability of this experiment is studied by applying the same principles used to predict the atmosphere. A forecasting system for the annulus is built using the analysis correction method for data assimilation and the breeding method for ensemble generation. The results show that a range of flow regimes with varying complexity can be accurately assimilated, predicted, and studied in this experiment. This framework is also intended to demonstrate a proof-of-concept: that the annulus could be used as a testbed for meteorological techniques under laboratory conditions. First, a regime diagram is created using numerical simulations in order to select points in parameter space to forecast, and a new chaotic flow regime is discovered within it. The two components of the framework are then used as standalone algorithms to measure predictability in the perfect model scenario and to demonstrate data assimilation. With a perfect model, regular flow regimes are found to be predictable until the end of the forecasts, and chaotic regimes are predictable over hundreds of seconds. There is a difference in the way predictability is lost between low-order chaotic regimes and high-order chaos. Analysis correction is shown to be accurate in both regular and chaotic regimes, with residual velocity errors about 3-8 times the observational error. Specific assimilation scenarios studied include information propagation from data-rich to data-poor areas, assimilation of vortex shedding observations, and assimilation over regime and rotation rate transitions. The full framework is used to predict regular and chaotic flow, verifying the forecasts against laboratory data. The steady wave forecasts perform well, and are predictable until the end of the available data. The amplitude and structural vacillation forecasts lose quality and skill by a combination of wave drift and wavenumber transition. Amplitude vacillation is predictable up to several hundred seconds ahead, and structural vacillation is predictable for a few hundred seconds.
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Aruquipa, David Quispe 1989. "An analogue model of gravity based on a radial fluid flow : the case of AdS and its deformations = Um modelo análogo à gravitação baseado em um fluxo radial: o caso do espaço-tempo AdS e suas deformações." [s.n.], 2017. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/325326.

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Orientadores: Ricardo Antonio Mosna, Márcio José Menon
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-02T03:12:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 QuispeAruquipa_David_M.pdf: 2372918 bytes, checksum: bb030f9f8aecc210d608f2f9005a7a49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017
Resumo: Os modelos análogos são uma ferramenta muito útil quando se quer entender ou testar fenômenos em um sistema físico em termos e conceitos de outro, esses sistemas podem ser mais familiares ou mais facilmente reproduzíveis por experimentos. Este trabalho explora esta questão no contexto de modelos análogos à gravitação baseados na mecânica dos fluidos. Particularmente, estamos interessados em fornecer um modelo análogo para um fluxo radial com uma fonte/sorvedouro na origem. Começamos por considerar o caso em que a velocidade do fluxo (radial) é constante. O modelo análogo resultante é então o espaço-tempo Anti-de Sitter (ou AdS) que é conhecido por ser não-globalmente hiperbólico. Como resultado, a dinâmica dos campos neste contexto não está bem definida até que sejam estabelecidas condições adicionais na fronteira no infinito espacial do espaço-tempo AdS. A contrapartida destas condições de fronteira extra na mecânica dos fluidos proporciona uma descrição efetiva da fonte/sorvedouro que está na origem. Depois disso, nós consideramos regularizações para o modelo análogo perto da fonte/sorvedouro na origem. Logo, impomos condições sobre eles, a fim de que a dinâmica seja bem definida de modo que não são mais necessárias as condições na fronteira. Calculamos como as quantidades físicas, como a diferença de fase entre as ondas que entram e saem, são afetadas pelas regularizações. Estes resultados são então comparados com o caso AdS para compreender as principais implicações do processo de regularização, que tem o efeito de deformar a região perto do infinito espacial do AdS. Mostramos também que, sob certas condições, a diferença de fase obtida para esses espaços deformados do AdS coincide com a obtida no caso do espaço-tempo AdS
Abstract: Analogue models are a useful tool when one wants to understand or probe phenomena in one physical system in terms of concepts from another, which may be more familiar or more easily accessed by experiments. This work explores this framework in the context of analogue models of gravity based on fluid dynamics. Particularly, we are interested in providing an analogue model for a radial fluid flow with a point source/sink at the origin. We start by considering the case where the (radial) flow velocity is constant. The resulting analogue model is then the Anti-de Sitter spacetime (AdS) which is known to be non-globally hyperbolic. As a result, the dynamics of fields in this background is not well defined until extra boundary conditions at its spatial boundary are prescribed. The fluid dynamics counterpart of these extra boundary conditions provide an effective description of the point source/sink at the origin. After that, we consider regularizations of this model near the source/sink at the origin. We then impose conditions on them in order that the dynamics is well defined so that no extra boundary conditions are required. We calculate how physical quantities, like the phase difference between ingoing and outgoing scattered waves are affected by the regularizations. These results are then compared with the AdS case to understand the main implications of the regularization, which has the effect of deforming the AdS space near its spatial infinity. We also show that, under certain conditions, the phase difference obtained for these deformed AdS spaces agrees with that obtained in the AdS case
Mestrado
Física
Mestre em Física
1490213/2015
CAPES
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Yuan, Xiaoping. "Extensional collapses in the overpressured frictional upper crust based on limit analysis." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE009/document.

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Dans ce manuscrit nous développons l'approche cinématique 2D du calcul à la rupture pour examinerles effondrements en extension (ou failles normales) de la croûte supérieure cassante qui résultent desurpressions de fluides. Les sujets d'intérêt liés à la déformation en extension sont (1) les roles de lapression des fluides, des processus de surface, et des propriétés des matériaux et des failles sur lastabilité des structures d'extension; (2) la formation de failles normales à faible pendage et de failleslistriques; (3) la distribution de la déformation au dessus d'un glissement à faible pendage; et (4)l'influence de l'adoucissement mécanique des failles et des processus de sédimentation sur cettedistribution.Cette approche mécanique est vérifiée par la théorie du prisme critique de Coulomb, et la généralise pour étudier la topographie complexe de la péninsule de Mejillones dans le Nord du Chili. Cetteapproche est aussi appliquée à l'instabilité gravitaire dans le delta du Niger en reliant les structurescompressives en bas de pente aux structure extensives en amont par un détachement profond. Nousprédisons des surpressions de fluides beaucoup plus élevée que celles obtenues par application duprisme de Coulomb. Enfin, cette méthodologie est appliquée à l'étude de la forme de failles normalesreliant un détachement profond à la surface. Dans le cas du delta du Niger, nous montrons que lesfailles à faible pendage et les failles listriques impliquent que la profondeur de rétention des fluides estfaible. La version séquentielle de l'analyse limite ouvre de nouvelles voies pour suivre l'évolutionstructurale dans le temps du jeu sur les failles normales. Les simulations montrent en particulier qu'unefaille normale tourne vers des pendage plus faibles au fur et à mesure de la dénudation du mur, formantune région qui passe du mur au toit de la faille active en rotation. La prédiction de cette région estillustrée par des expériences analogiques et des exemples de terrain
This manuscript develops a 2D kinematic approach of Limit Analysis to examine the extensionalfailures in the brittle, upper crust resulting from fluid overpressures and normal faulting. There aremany interesting topics related to the extensional deformation such as (1) the roles of fluid pressure,topographic process, material and fault properties on the stability of extensional structures; (2) theformation of low-angle and listric normal fault; (3) the deformation pattern due to slip on a low-anglefault; and (4) the influence of fault softening and sedimentation processes on this deformation pattern.This mechanical approach applied to wedge prototypes is validated by the critical Coulomb wedge(CCW) theory, and it generalizes the CCW theory to investigate the complex topography on theMejillones peninsula, Northern Chile. Additionally, this approach is also applied to investigate gravityinstability of Niger Delta by linking down-slope compressional to up-slope extensional failures througha deep detachment. We predict much higher fluid overpressures than that of the CCW theory. Finally,this Limit Analysis methodology is applied to investigate the shape of normal fault linking a lowdetachment to the surface. The application to Niger Delta implies that the formation of very low-angleand strongly listric faults results from a shallow fluid-retention depth. The sequential version of LimitAnalysis opens new ways to envision the structural evolution through time resulting from normalfaulting. The simulations show that the normal fault rotates during extension, forming a region of Footto-Hanging Wall (FHW) where the material in the footwall is sheared upon entering the hanging wall.The creation of the FHW region is illustrated by sandbox experiments and field examples
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Green, Douglas Andrew. "Analogue measurement of scattered light fluctuations." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11102.

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This thesis investigates two methods of optical analysis of multiphase fluids. These two methods are nephelometry and the statistical analysis of scattered light intensity fluctuations. Nephelometry is an established technique for investigating particulate suspensions. In this work the basic technique is combined with neural network processing to develop a system capable of automatically distinguishing and quantifYing different suspensions, in particular suspensions of oil. Evidence obtained in this study suggests that neural networks can distinguish the light scattering from suspensions of different size distributions and produce a more accurate estimate of volume fraction than commonly used turbidity measurements. Non-Gaussian, fluctuating light intensities arise from the scattering of light from a varying population of suspended particles. Successful measurement of these intensity fluctuations makes feasible new instrumentation based on the statistical behaviour of the detected signal. Analyses that could prove possible include particle number, size, type and flow characteristics. Photon counting methods have traditionally been used to measure fluctuations from random media but the lower cost of analogue pin diodes makes them the preferred choice of detector if they can be applied usefully. A method of quantifYing the effect of noise from the diode detectors and removing it from the statistics of the fluctuations is developed from a model of the pin diode detectors. Experimental results show that detector noise can be compensated for in the analysis of scattered light fluctuations. Results also indicate that the model used to describe the scattering process is valid and that further work can lead to a practical instrument for the study of suspensions.
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Schmatz, Joyce [Verfasser]. "Grain-boundary – fluid inclusion interaction in rocks and analogues / Joyce Schmatz." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/101649324X/34.

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Books on the topic "Fluid analogue"

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Fluid power systems: Modeling, simulation, analog and microcomputer control. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1989.

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Watton, J. Fluid power systems: Modelling, simulation, analog and microcomputer control. New York: Prentice Hall, 1989.

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Hofstadter, Douglas R. Fluid concepts & creative analogies: Computer models of the fundamental mechanisms of thought. New York: Basic Books, 1995.

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Hofstadter, Douglas R. Fluid concepts and creative analogies: Computer models of the fundamental mechanisms of thought. London: Allen Lane, 1997.

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Hofstadter, Douglas R. Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies. Basic Books, 1996.

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Rajeev, S. G. Fluid Mechanics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805021.001.0001.

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Starting with a review of vector fields and their integral curves, the book presents the basic equations of the subject: Euler and Navier–Stokes. Some solutions are studied next: ideal flows using conformal transformations, viscous flows such as Couette and Stokes flow around a sphere, shocks in the Burgers equation. Prandtl’s boundary layer theory and the Blasius solution are presented. Rayleigh–Taylor instability is studied in analogy with the inverted pendulum, with a digression on Kapitza’s stabilization. The possibility of transients in a linearly stable system with a non-normal operator is studied using an example by Trefethen et al. The integrable models (KdV, Hasimoto’s vortex soliton) and their hamiltonian formalism are studied. Delving into deeper mathematics, geodesics on Lie groups are studied: first using the Lie algebra and then using Milnor’s approach to the curvature of the Lie group. Arnold’s deep idea that Euler’s equations are the geodesic equations on the diffeomorphism group is then explained and its curvature calculated. The next three chapters are an introduction to numerical methods: spectral methods based on Chebychev functions for ODEs, their application by Orszag to solve the Orr–Sommerfeld equation, finite difference methods for elementary PDEs, the Magnus formula and its application to geometric integrators for ODEs. Two appendices give an introduction to dynamical systems: Arnold’s cat map, homoclinic points, Smale’s horse shoe, Hausdorff dimension of the invariant set, Aref ’s example of chaotic advection. The last appendix introduces renormalization: Ising model on a Cayley tree and Feigenbaum’s theory of period doubling.
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Kavokin, Alexey V., Jeremy J. Baumberg, Guillaume Malpuech, and Fabrice P. Laussy. Quantum Fluids of Light. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782995.003.0010.

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In this chapter, we deal with polaritons as a “quantum fluid of light”, described by variants of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation. We discuss how interactions between flowing polaritons and a defect allow to study their superfluid regime and generate topological defects. Including spin gives rise to an effective magnetic field (polariton spin-orbit coupling) that acts on the topological defects—half-solitons and half-vortices—behaving as effective magnetic monopoles. We describe various techniques to create periodic potentials, that can lead to the formation of polaritonic bands and gaps with a unique flexibility. Special focus is given to topologically nontrivial bands, leading to a polariton topological insulator, based on a polariton graphene analog.
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Adlam, David. Pericardial disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0109.

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The pericardium forms a continuous sac around the heart, analogous to the pleura surrounding the lungs, and the peritoneum surrounding the abdominal viscera. Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium is the pericardial space, which normally contains a small volume of pericardial fluid. The clinical spectrum of pericardial diseases can be divided into: pericarditis, caused by acute inflammation; pericardial effusion, or fluid accumulation in the pericardial space, leading to tamponade; and constrictive pericarditis, caused by chronic infiltration or inflammation leading to pericardial constriction.
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Extension of transonic flow computational concepts in the analysis of cavitated bearings. [Cleveland, Ohio: Lewis Research Center, 1990.

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G, Keith T., Brewe D. E, and Lewis Research Center, eds. Extension of transonic flow computational concepts in the analysis of cavitated bearings. [Cleveland, Ohio: Lewis Research Center, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fluid analogue"

1

Matthäi, Stephan K., and Stephen G. Roberts. "Transient Versus Continuous Fluid Flow in Seismically Active Faults: An Investigation by Electric Analogue and Numerical Modelling." In Fluid Flow and Transport in Rocks, 263–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1533-6_16.

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Weiss, C. O., K. Staliunas, C. P. Smith, G. Slekys, and M. F. H. Tarroja. "Fluid Analogies in Optics." In Singularities in Fluids, Plasmas and Optics, 333–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2022-7_26.

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Main, I. G., B. G. D. Smart, G. B. Shimmield, S. C. Elphick, B. R. Crawford, and B. T. Ngwenya. "The Effects of Combined Changes in Pore Fluid Chemistry and Stress State on Permeability in Reservoir Rocks: Preliminary Results from Analogue Materials." In North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoirs — III, 357–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0896-6_32.

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Feireisl, Eduard, and Antonín Novotný. "Acoustic Analogies." In Singular Limits in Thermodynamics of Viscous Fluids, 409–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63781-5_10.

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Boubnov, B. M., and G. S. Golitsyn. "Geophysical and Astrophysical Applications and Analogies." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 201–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0243-8_9.

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Callot, Jean-Paul, Liesbeth Breesch, Nicole Guilhaumou, François Roure, Rudy Swennen, and Nadège Vilasi. "Paleo-Fluids Characterisation and Fluid Flow Modelling Along a Regional Transect in Northern United Arab Emirates (UAE)." In Lithosphere Dynamics and Sedimentary Basins: The Arabian Plate and Analogues, 177–201. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30609-9_9.

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Heer, Martina, Jens Titze, Scott M. Smith, and Natalie Baecker. "Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism." In Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism in Spaceflight and Analog Studies, 21–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18521-7_4.

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Moita, A. S., C. Caldeira, I. Gonçalves, R. Lima, E. J. Vega, and A. L. N. Moreira. "Analogue Fluids for Cell Deformability Studies in Microfluidic Devices." In Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies, 90–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46970-2_5.

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Frommann, O., and D. Forbrich. "Aerodynamic Optimization of Airplane Wings using Analogy Methods." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics (NNFM), 170–77. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-10901-3_23.

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Chu, K. H. W. "Hydrodynamic Analog for Electromagnetic Structures of Sprites." In New Trends in Fluid Mechanics Research, 716. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75995-9_239.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fluid analogue"

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Bering, D., R. Bruhn, and C. Magnus. "Modelling of fracture systems and fluid flow from analogue field studies." In EAPG/AAPG Special Conference on Chalk. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201407561.

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Ngo, Peter, Vimal Viswanathan, Cameron J. Turner, and Julie Linsey. "Initial Steps Toward an Analogy Retrieval Tool Based on Performance Specification." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13242.

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In design-by-analogy, inventors draw inspiration from natural and man-made systems to create new, often innovative engineering products. Though methods exist to aid concept generation through design-by-analogy, they are not built on fundamental knowledge of how inventors inherently use analogies. Such a foundation is critical for developing effective analogy-finding tools and methods. In this research, we pursue an empirical product study to guide the creation of a computational tool that presents relevant analogies based on designers’ objectives. Using an inductive approach, we studied 57 design-by-analogy products and their inspiring analogs to identify how analogies entered the design process. We developed classification schemes that characterize the analogies and their design contexts, which includes the inventors’ field of work and design objectives. Findings emerged from identifying patterns in the classification results. When comparing academic and commercial inventors, we found differences in how they use analogies to find new product functions or gain better performance. We gained insight into how knowledge-driven and problem-driven analogy usage cases differ. Most intriguingly, we found that products commonly borrow critical functions directly from analog systems, but we also discovered instances of critical function inversion, where the sense of the critical function is reversed between the analog and the product. For example, this occurred with the ECO-Auger Tidal Turbine (critical function: “Convert fluid flow into rotation”) which was inspired by screw conveyors (“Convert rotation into material flow”). This discovery implies that a computational search for analogs should expand from a designers’ function specification to include analogs with inverted critical functions, thus widening the space of possible inspiration sources.
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Selvan, Veera, and Namas Chandra. "Relationship Between Blast Overpressure and Shell Thickness on the Fluid Pressure on a Cylinder Under Blast Loading." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14720.

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The mechanics of blast wave-head interaction determines the magnitude of mechanical insult to the human head during a field explosion and subsequent brain injury. In this work, blast overpressure and shell thickness are related to fluid pressure based on experimental and computational methods. A fluid-filled cylinder is idealized as a two-dimensional analog of a skull-brain complex and is subjected to a Friedlander blast wave. Strain and pressure on the surface of the cylinder and pressure in the fluid (analogue of Intracranial pressure) are experimentally measured and compared with numerical simulation results. The validated numerical model shows that fluid pressure increases linearly with increase in reflected overpressures (ROP) for a given shell thickness. When the ROP is kept constant, fluid pressure increases linearly with the decrease in shell thickness. An equation is developed for predicting the fluid pressure for a given ROP and shell thickness.
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Gonçalves, I., J. Varelas, G. Coutinho, A. Moita, D. Pinho, R. Lima, J. Miranda, E. Veja, J. Montanaro, and A. Moreira. "Dynamic Flow Behaviour of a Blood Analogue Fluid in Microchannels for Microcirculation Studies." In 14th International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010343901750181.

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Scott, Peter M., Alex Maskell, Alex Maskell, Aleksey Sadekov, Aleksey Sadekov, Hazel J. Chapman, Hazel J. Chapman, et al. "HIGH RESOLUTION CARBONATE RECORDS OF FLUID-FAULT-INTERACTIONS AT THE GREEN RIVER CO2 NATURAL ANALOGUE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-282975.

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Banka, Radhika, and Eleanor Mishra. "Assessing breathlessness following pleural fluid drainage using the Visual Analogue Scale for Dyspnoea(VASD) over 1 week(7-DVQ)." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa2891.

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Blokhin, Alexander, and Dmitry Tkachev. "Spectral asymptotics of a linearized problem about flow of an incompressible polymeric fluid. Base flow is analogue of a Poiseuille flow." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE METHODS OF AEROPHYSICAL RESEARCH (ICMAR 2018). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5065122.

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Fouzdar, Amit, Cem Kilic, and Anindya Das. "Estimation of Oil-Rim Thickness with Analogue Data in the Absence of Definite Fluid Contacts: A Case study from Onshore Niger Delta." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/189088-ms.

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Zhou, Qinlian, Jian Gao, Wei Huang, and R. T. Yen. "Vascular Impedance Analysis in Human Pulmonary Circulation." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33525.

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Vascular impedance in human pulmonary circulation is analyzed by the fluid dynamic approach. A model representing the entire system of pulmonary circulation is constructed based on experimentally measured morphometric and elasticity data of the vessels. The pulmonary arteries and veins are considered as elastic tubes. Their impedance follows Womersley’s theory and electric analogue. The “sheet-flow” theory is employed to describe the flow in capillaries and thus a microvascular impedance matrix is derived. The input impedance at the main pulmonary artery is calculated under both zone 3 and zone 2 conditions. The results are compared with available experimental data in the literature.
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Walker, Andrew M., Clifton R. Johnston, and David E. Rival. "The Investigation of Flow Separation Downstream of a Slotted Tube Stent in the Presence of a Pulsatile Flow Environment." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80290.

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Stent strut configuration has been found to alter local fluid flow and wall shear stress (WSS) patterns that can promote intimal hyperplasia. To quantify these alterations, we used particle image velocimetry (PIV) to investigate local fluid dynamics distal to a deployed stent within an acrylic tube. A blood analogue mixture of glycerol and water was pumped through a flow loop in both steady and pulsatile conditions. Steady and pulsatile velocity profiles and near WSS (NWSS) predicted by PIV were in good agreement with the Poiseuille and Womersley estimations. Introduction of a Palmaz balloon expanded slotted tube stent increased centerline velocities between 6.9% and 9% and decreased NWSS distal from the stent outlet by > 40%. Peak normalized vorticity was similar between non-stented and stented flows, although spatial coverage of higher vorticity was increased upon stent introduction. Future work will incorporate Echo PIV to complement PIV findings on how strut configuration affects flow dynamics.
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Reports on the topic "Fluid analogue"

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Pollard, David D. Structural Heterogeneities and Paleo Fluid Flow in an Analog Sandstone Reservoir. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1248337.

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Pollard, David, and Atilla Aydin. STRUCTURAL HETEROGENEITIES AND PALEO FLUID FLOW IN AN ANALOG SANDSTONE RESERVOIR 2001-2004. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837005.

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Barney, G. S. Fluid dynamics, particulate segregation, chemical processes, and natural ore analog discussions that relate to the potential for criticality in Hanford tanks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/16768.

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