Journal articles: 'Fluenze verbali'

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BODEA HAȚEGAN, Carolina. "Verbal fluency - semantic and phonemic." Revista Română de Terapia Tulburărilor de Limbaj şi Comunicare IV, no. 2 (October 15, 2018): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26744/rrttlc.2018.4.2.10.

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Said, Ikhwan M. "Verbal Fluency Level of Non-Fluent Ischemic Aphasia Sufferers." International Journal of Foreign Studies 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18327/ijfs.2013.06.6.31.

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Beatty, W. W. "Fluency in multiple sclerosis: which measure is best?" Multiple Sclerosis Journal 8, no. 3 (June 2002): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1352458502ms799oa.

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Tests of verbal fluency provide brief and sensitive measures of the deficits in rapidly retrieving overlearned information common in multiple sclerosis (MS). Production of words that begin with the letters F, A, and S is the verbal fluency measure most often used with patients who are fluent in English. However, because of frequency of words beginning with certain letters varies from one language to another, it is unlikely that any fixed set of letters will be appropriate for multicenter trials that involve patients who are fluent in different languages. A possible alternative involves using semantic fluency categories that contain such a large number of exemplars that no fluent speaker of any language could exhaust the category in the allotted response time. To examine the potential usefulness of semantic fluency measures, 203 MS patients and 87 healthy controls generated words that begin with F, A, or S or were exemplars of the categories animals and parts of the body. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses indicated that sensitivities and specificities for the three fluency measures in discriminating patients from controls were quite similar, especially if patients with global cognitive impairment were excluded.

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Monfrais-Pfauwadel, Marie-Claude. "Le concept de fluence verbale." Cahiers de Fontenay 75, no. 1 (1994): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/cafon.1994.1652.

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Shishkin, Elena, and Peter Ecke. "Language Dominance, Verbal Fluency, and Language Control in two Groups of Russian–English Bilinguals." Languages 3, no. 3 (July 14, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages3030027.

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This study explored language dominance, verbal fluency, and language control abilities of two groups of younger and older Russian–English bilinguals who had spent similar amounts of time as immigrants in the U.S. Verbal fluency tasks (based on letter and semantic cues, including a new method to elicit parallel letter-fluency data for Russian and English) were used to measure the bilinguals’ current lexical retrieval skills in addition to self-assessments of language proficiencies at time of study and time of arrival. Stroop tasks (naming colors with incongruent cues) were used to measure younger and older bilinguals’ ability to control interference during color-naming. Findings demonstrate that the older immigrants were less fluent in L2 naming tasks and that they remained dominant (more proficient) in their L1 whereas the younger immigrants had become relatively balanced bilinguals in terms of proficiency, fluent in both the L1 and L2. Younger and older bilinguals were equally capable of controlling interference across and within the two languages. We propose that it is not balance in bilingual proficiency that positively affects language control abilities, but balance as stability of language systems. Stability of language systems can be achieved if bilingual usage patterns remain relatively constant over several years and if no radical changes in language learning and maintenance efforts are required.

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Bray, Melissa A., Thomas J. Kehle, Kimberly A. Lawless, and Lea A. Theodore. "The Relationship of Self-Efficacy and Depression to Stuttering." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 12, no. 4 (November 2003): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2003/088).

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This study investigated the relationship of self-efficacy for verbal fluency, academic self-efficacy, and depression between adolescents who stutter and fluent speakers. Two separate discriminant function analyses were performed. The first analysis used the self-efficacy and depression scores as response variables and fluency classification as the grouping variable. Results indicated that self-efficacy for speech was the sole significant variable and accounted for 61% of the variance in group status. A second simplified discriminant function analysis was performed using speech self-efficacy as the sole predictor of group membership. This single discriminant function correctly classified 81% of the overall sample into their known groups. Further, classification for participants who did not stutter (95.2%) was better than for those who did stutter (67%). Based on this and earlier research, adolescents appear to be capable of using self-efficacy scaling as a measure of confidence for verbal fluency, which may eventually prove to be useful in treatment.

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Lacy, Maureen A., Paul A. Gore, Neil H. Pliskin, George K. Henry, Robert L. Heilbronner, and Darryl P. Hamer. "Verbal fluency task equivalence." Clinical Neuropsychologist 10, no. 3 (July 1996): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854049608406692.

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Lee, Dahyun, Hikaru Nakamura, and Yukihiro Izawa. "Verbal Fluency in Aphasia." Japan Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics 56, no. 4 (2015): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5112/jjlp.56.335.

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Ojeda, Natalia, Pedro Sánchez, Javier Peña, Edorta Elizagárate, Ana B. Yoller, Juan Larumbe, Miguel Gutiérrez, Leonardo Casais, and Jesús Ezcurra. "Verbal Fluency in Schizophrenia." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 198, no. 4 (April 2010): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181d61748.

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Robins Wahlin, Tarja-Brita, Mary A. Luszcz, Åke Wahlin, and Gerard J. Byrne. "Non-Verbal and Verbal Fluency in Prodromal Huntington's Disease." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra 5, no. 3 (December 18, 2015): 517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000441942.

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Background: This study examines non-verbal (design) and verbal (phonemic and semantic) fluency in prodromal Huntington's disease (HD). An accumulating body of research indicates subtle deficits in cognitive functioning among prodromal mutation carriers for HD. Methods: Performance was compared between 32 mutation carriers and 38 non-carriers in order to examine the magnitude of impairment across fluency tasks. The predicted years to onset (PYTO) in mutation carriers was calculated by a regression equation and used to divide the group according to whether onset was predicted as less than 12.75 years (HD+CLOSE; n = 16) or greater than 12.75 years (HD+DISTANT; n = 16). Results: The results indicate that both non-verbal and verbal fluency is sensitive to subtle impairment in prodromal HD. HD+CLOSE group produced fewer items in all assessed fluency tasks compared to non-carriers. HD+DISTANT produced fewer drawings than non-carriers in the non-verbal task. PYTO correlated significantly with all measures of non-verbal and verbal fluency. Conclusion: The pattern of results indicates that subtle cognitive deficits exist in prodromal HD, and that less structured tasks with high executive demands are the most sensitive in detecting divergence from the normal range of functioning. These selective impairments can be attributed to the early involvement of frontostriatal circuitry and frontal lobes.

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Evans, Randall W., Ronald M. Ruff, and C. Thomas Gualtieri. "Verbal Fluency and Figural Fluency in Bright Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 61, no. 3 (December 1985): 699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1985.61.3.699.

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Gawda, Barbara, and Ewa Malgorzata Szepietowska. "Semantic and Affective Verbal Fluency: Sex Differences." Psychological Reports 113, no. 1 (August 2013): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/28.21.pr0.113x17z3.

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Sex may have an important influence on verbal fluency. The aim of this study is to examine possible sex differences in different types of verbal fluency. Four tasks of verbal fluency were used in this study: two tasks of semantic verbal fluency ( Animals, Fruits) and two tasks of affective verbal fluency ( Pleasant, Unpleasant). The results were analysed for 200 adults aged 18 to 70 years. The number of correctly enumerated words, the number of phonemic clusters, the number of semantic clusters, and the number of phonemic and semantic switches were recorded. The results confirmed data about sex differences in verbal fluency performance. Statistically significant differences in verbal fluency between men and women were found only in affective tasks. Sex is not a strong predictor of semantic verbal fluency performance, but a statistically significant predictor for negative affective verbal fluency.

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Gierach, Marcin, Anna Rasmus, and Edyta Orłowska. "Verbal Fluency in Metabolic Syndrome." Brain Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 12, 2022): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020255.

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) or otherwise insulin resistance (IR) is described as a cluster of several commonly occurring disorders, including abdominal obesity; lipids disorders, such as hypertriglyceridemia; and low levels of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hypertension (≥130/85 mmHg), and carbohydrates disorders, such as impaired fasting glucose or diabetes mellitus type 2. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) constitutes insulin resistance, which is a strong risk factor for strokes. Patients with MetS are often prone to cognitive decline. Metabolic risk factors, hypertension, and diabetes, amongst them, have been hypothesized to play a great role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the development of vascular dementia. For neuropsychological diagnostic and theoretical purposes verbal fluency is defined as a cognitive function that facilitates information retrieval from memory. It engages executive control and other cognitive processes, such as selective attention, selective inhibition, mental set shifting, internal response generation, and self-monitoring, as well as imagination and psychomotor skills. A total of 90 subjects, divided into 2 groups, patients with MetS (45) and healthy controls (45), were assessed. A significant difference in performance was found between the patients and controls, both in the phonetic (p < 0.01) and semantic fluency trials (p < 0.001). The MetS patients produced less words in the letter K and animal categories. The analysis of descriptive statistics shows that the group of patients with metabolic syndrome generated fewer words in both the phonetic and semantic categories. Our study shows that there is an association between metabolic factors and the verbal fluency performance of MetS patients. This is true, especially for phonetic verbal fluency, which is traditionally connected with the frontal cortex. Lower switching signifies possible executive dysfunctions amongst people with MetS. Subjects with this condition generated more diverse words and created less standard associations. This further implies the existence of dysexecutive syndrome and the need for diagnosing patients in this direction and involving this group of people in therapy. The proper correction of MetS components may improve cognitive function.

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Cattaneo, Zaira, Alberto Pisoni, Marcello Gallucci, and Costanza Papagno. "tDCS Effects on Verbal Fluency." Cognitive And Behavioral Neurology 29, no. 3 (September 2016): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnn.0000000000000098.

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Hanlly, J. R., H. C. Dewick, A. D. M. Davies, J. Playeer, and C. Turnbull. "Verbal fluency in parkinson's disease." Neuropsychologia 28, no. 7 (January 1990): 737–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(90)90129-c.

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Stedal, Kristin, Nils Inge Landrø, and Bryan Lask. "Verbal fluency in anorexia nervosa." Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 18, no. 2 (April 11, 2013): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40519-013-0024-0.

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Kim, Juyeong, and Hyunjoo Choi. "Characteristics of Clustering and Switching in Verbal Fluency according to Healthy Elderly Group." Communication Sciences & Disorders 26, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 630–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12963/csd.21831.

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of clusters and switches through verbal fluency tasks by different age groups among the elderly.Methods: Ninety-four healthy elderly adults participated in this study. The verbal fluency task consisted of semantic verbal fluency and phonemic verbal fluency. The categories of ‘animal’ and ‘supermarket’ were used for semantic fluency, and the categories ‘/k/’, ‘/o/’ and ‘/s/’ were used for phonemic fluency.Results: First, there was a significant difference between the age groups. The number of correct responses in the verbal fluency task decreased as age increased. Second, the mean cluster size for verbal fluency did not show a significant difference among groups in tasks of semantic and phonemic verbal fluency. Third, the number of switches showed a significant difference between groups in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency. In the post-analysis results of semantic fluency, a significant difference was found in the category of ‘animals’ between the young-old and old-old age group, and a significant difference was found in the number of switches in the category of ‘supermarket’ between the middle-old and old-old age group. Finally, the semantic fluency task showed the highest frequency of perseverative error, and the phonemic fluency task showed the highest frequency of other errors.Conclusion: These results of this study are meaningful in investigating characteristics of cluster and switch as well as the performance of correct rate through the verbal fluency tasks according to the elderly group.

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Kosmala, Loulou. "Euh le saviez-vous ? le rôle des (dis)fluences en contexte interactionnel : étude exploratoire et qualitative." SHS Web of Conferences 78 (2020): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207801018.

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Cette étude exploratoire s’inscrit dans un projet d’analyse des (dis)fluences sur un corpus français oral spontané et préparé qui prend en compte les différentes modalités du discours (linguistique, vocal, visuel, gestuel) et qui s’inscrit dans une perspective de linguistique interactionnelle. Les (dis)fluences, caractérisées par une interruption du flux verbal et vocal, ont souvent été strictement analysées du point de vue de la production, et cette étude a pour objectif de dépasser cette approche formelle et de rendre compte de leur ambivalence fonctionnelle et de leur contribution à l’interaction. L’analyse porte sur une paire de locuteurs du corpus, et les résultats préliminaires indiquent un taux de (dis)fluence plus élevé en contexte de discours préparé en classe qu’en conversation semi-spontanée, ce qui servira de point de départ pour de futures analyses quantitatives plus détaillées sur l’ensemble des données. Cet article repose sur des analyses qualitatives fines d’un extrait de séquence narrative humoristique qui soulignent la dimension interactionnelle des (dis)fluences et la manière dont elles peuvent être employées par les locuteurs à des fins discursives et rhétoriques dans le cadre de tâche narrative.

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Martino, Pablo, Mauricio Cervigni, Nelson Portillo, Miguel Gallegos, Daniel Politis, Miguel Ángel De Bortoli, and Jorge Vivas. "Three verbal fluency tasks: Normative data and convergent validity in Argentines over 50 years." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 16, no. 4 (December 2022): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2022-0026.

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Abstract Verbal fluency tasks are frequently used in neuropsychological assessment, standing out for their easy application and good sensitivity to early cognitive impairment. However, in Argentina, the availability of updated norms is limited, especially for the action fluency variant. There is also little evidence of validity. Objectives: The aim of this study was to obtain Argentine norms for three verbal fluency tasks and to analyze their convergent validity. Methods: Using a nonprobability sampling method, 303 Argentines from a nonclinical population (age mean=66.8, 50–91 years) were recruited to participate in this study. Those with medical conditions that could compromise neuropsychological performance were excluded. Three verbal fluency tasks (i.e., phonological, semantic, and action), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test, and the Digit Span-WAIS III test were administered. Correlations and multiple regressions were subsequently performed. Results: Education and age significantly explained 11.8% of the variance in phonological fluency, 15.8% of the variance in semantic fluency, and 20.2% of the variance in action fluency. Hence, the normative data varied according to educational level and age group, with normal performance limit values between 9 and 14 for phonological fluency, 11 and 18 for semantic fluency, and 8 and 17 for action fluency. Positive correlations were obtained between all verbal fluency tasks, as well as between the MoCA test and the Digit Span test. Conclusions: This study supports the applicability of three verbal fluency tasks in an Argentine context by providing age- and education-corrected norms and acceptable evidence of convergent validity.

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Janssen, Rianne, Paul De Boeck, and Gilbert Vander Steene. "Verbal fluency and verbal comprehension abilities in synonym tasks." Intelligence 22, no. 3 (May 1996): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-2896(96)90024-0.

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BALDO, JULIANA V., ARTHUR P. SHIMAMURA, DEAN C. DELIS, JOEL KRAMER, and EDITH KAPLAN. "Verbal and design fluency in patients with frontal lobe lesions." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 7, no. 5 (July 2001): 586–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617701755063.

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The ability to generate items belonging to categories in verbal fluency tasks has been attributed to frontal cortex. Nonverbal fluency (e.g., design fluency) has been assessed separately and found to rely on the right hemisphere or right frontal cortex. The current study assessed both verbal and nonverbal fluency in a single group of patients with focal, frontal lobe lesions and age- and education-matched control participants. In the verbal fluency task, participants generated items belonging to both letter cues (F, A, and S) and category cues (animals and boys' names). In the design fluency task, participants generated novel designs by connecting dot arrays with 4 straight lines. A switching condition was included in both verbal and design fluency tasks and required participants to switch back and forth between different sets (e.g., between naming fruits and furniture). As a group, patients with frontal lobe lesions were impaired, compared to control participants, on both verbal and design fluency tasks. Patients with left frontal lesions performed worse than patients with right frontal lesions on the verbal fluency task, but the 2 groups performed comparably on the design fluency task. Both patients and control participants were impacted similarly by the switching conditions. These results suggest that verbal fluency is more dependent on left frontal cortex, while nonverbal fluency tasks, such as design fluency, recruit both right and left frontal processes. (JINS, 2001, 7, 586–596.)

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Paula, Jonas Jardim de, Gabrielle Chequer de Castro Paiva, and Danielle de Souza Costa. "Use of a modified version of the switching verbal fluency test for the assessment of cognitive flexibility." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 9, no. 3 (September 2015): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642015dn93000008.

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Objective: Verbal fluency tests are widely used for the assessment of executive functions. However, traditional versions of the test depend on several cognitive factors beyond these components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of a modified version of the verbal fluency with specific measures of executive functions. Methods: Sixty adults were evaluated using traditional versions of verbal fluency (animals/fruits) and a modified condition where subjects must switch between animals and fruits. Processing speed, semantic abilities, psychiatric symptoms and executive functions were also assessed. Results: Partial correlations between the verbal fluency tests and measures of executive functions, controlled for demographic, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms, suggest that cognitive flexibility has 9% shared variance with the verbal fluency test - category animals, 2 % with category fruits, 8% with total words in switching condition, and 20% with total correct word-pairs produced in switching condition. The other aspects of executive functions during the task had shared variance of between 1% and 7% with the verbal fluency tasks. Conclusion: The results suggest that correct word-pairs produced in switching verbal fluency may be a more specific measure for evaluating cognitive flexibility compared to other versions of verbal fluency.

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Bueno, A., W. Lopez Hernandez, P. Litvin, J. Knight, C. McElwee, R. Cervantes, R. Rugh-Fraser, et al. "B-71 The Effect of Bilingualism on Verbal and Design Fluency Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (July 25, 2019): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.154.

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Abstract Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) impacts neurocognitive function. Language is also known to influence test performances. We examined the relationship between TBI and monolingualism/bilingualism on verbal and design fluency tests. Method The sample (N = 74) consisted of 33 healthy controls (18 bilingual; 15 monolingual), 15 acute TBI participants (6 bilingual; 9 monolingual), and 26 chronic TBI participants (15 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury and chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. The Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Letter Fluency (DKEFS-LF), Category Fluency (DKEFS-CF), Category Switching Fluency (DKEFS-CSF), and global verbal fluency composite (DKEFS-GVF) scores assessed verbal fluency; DKEFS fill-dots (DKEFS-FD), empty dots (DFEFS-ED), dot switching (DKEFS-DS), and global design fluency composite (DKEFS-GDF) scores assessed design fluency; and global verbal and non-verbal fluency composite (DKEFS-GF) assessed overall fluency. 3X2 ANOVAs were conducted to evaluate the effect of monolingualism/bilingualism on fluency performance in TBI and controls. Results The groups (control and TBI groups) differed for DKEFS-LF, p = .048, ηp² = .09, DKEFS-CF, p = .000, ηp² = .21, DKEFS-GVF, p = .004, ηp² = .15, DKEFS-ED, p = .008, ηp² = .13, DKEFS-GF, p = .001, ηp² = .20, with controls outperforming TBI groups on the DKEFS-CF, DKEFS-GVF, and DKEFS-GF. Furthermore, controls outperformed acute TBI participants on the DKEFS-LF and DKEFS-ED. Main effects were found for bilingualism/monolingualism on DKEFS-CF, p = .035, ηp² = .06, with bilinguals outperforming monolinguals. No interactions were found. Conclusion The TBI group had poor verbal and design fluency in contrast controls. Unexpectedly, bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on a task of verbal category fluency. Revealing that in the present study bilinguals have better semantic verbal fluency abilities.

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Perumaly, Leana, Mark Curtis, Vanessa Fishel, Natasha Torrence, Yiming Wang, Dylan Seebold, Rebekah Farris, Brian Coffman, and Dean Salisbury. "O5.3. IMPAIRED LEFT TEMPORAL-PARIETAL JUNCTION FMRI ACTIVITY DURING CATEGORY FLUENCY IN FIRST-EPISODE PSYCHOSIS." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S11—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa028.026.

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Abstract Background Language impairments are a core feature of schizophrenia. Category fluency is severely impacted, even as early as the first-episode of psychosis (FEP). It remains unclear which brain regions in the early course of schizophrenia are dysfunctional during category fluency. Therefore, we investigated differences in fMRI bold activity during a category fluency task in FEP, with particular attention to left temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), areas critical to verbal fluency. Our hypothesis was that left TPJ would show overactivity in FEP due to functional dysconnectivity with IFG, thought to modulate TPJ activation. Methods Twenty-seven FEP and 25 matched healthy controls (HC) completed an overt category fluency task (animal naming) from the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), and a covert category fluency task while BOLD fMRI was acquired. The fMRI task had a total of 10 blocks (30s duration) with two alternating conditions: category and rest. At the beginning of the category condition, a category name (birds, breeds of dogs, fruits and vegetables, fish, flowers and trees) was displayed on the screen, and individuals were instructed to think of items within that category. At the beginning of the rest condition, individuals were instructed to silently repeat the word “rest” to themselves. To isolate the activity related to category exemplar generation, the rest condition and the category condition fMRI data were contrasted using SPM12. An uncorrected cluster-defining primary threshold of p<.001 was used at the voxel level, and an FWE correction was used at the cluster level to correct for multiple comparison. Results FEP (47.3±12.1) were significantly less fluent compared to HC (55.8±11.3) in the overt MCCB category fluency task (p =.017). In the fMRI covert fluency task, several regions were activated during the category condition (FWE p<.05), primarily including regions in the language network (IFG and TPJ). The left TPJ activation interacted between groups (pFWE-corr =.016). During the category task, HC deactivated left TPJ, whereas FEP did not. Discussion FEP have impaired overt category fluency performance, and appear to have deficient deactivation in a region of the left TPJ language area during a category fluency task. TPJ is thought to communicate with Wernicke’s area to translate thoughts into words. Temporal language areas are also thought to be deactivated by IFG during verbal fluency tasks. This fMRI finding is consistent with dysconnectivity between IFG and TPJ during verbal fluency, although future work is needed to definitively address this possible network dysfunction.

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Rodrigues, Inês Tello, Joaquim J. Ferreira, Miguel Coelho, Mario M. Rosa, and Alexandre Castro-Caldas. "Action verbal fluency in Parkinson’s patients." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 73, no. 6 (June 2015): 520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20150056.

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We compared the performance of 31 non-demented Parkinson´s disease (PD) patients to 61 healthy controls in an action verbal fluency task. Semantic and phonemic fluencies, cognitive impairment and behavioural dysfunction were also assessed. The mean disease duration of PD was 9.8 years (standard deviation (SD) = 6.13). There were no age (U = 899.5, p = 0.616), gender(chi-square = 0.00, p = 1.00) or literacy (U = 956, p = 0.96) differences between the two groups. A significant difference was observed between the two groups in the action verbal fluency task (U = 406.5, p < 0.01) that was not found in the other fluency tasks. The education level was the only biographical variable that influenced the action (verb) fluency outcomes, irrespective of disease duration. Our findings suggest a correlation between the disease mechanisms in PD and a specific verb deficit, support the validity of the action (verb) fluency as an executive function measure and suggest that this task provides unique information not captured with traditional executive function tasks.

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Obeso, Ignacio, Enrique Casabona, Maria Luisa Bringas, Lázaro Álvarez, and Marjan Jahanshahi. "Semantic and Phonemic Verbal Fluency in Parkinson’s Disease: Influence of Clinical and Demographic Variables." Behavioural Neurology 25, no. 2 (2012): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/673610.

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Changes of cognitive function in PD have been extensively documented and defined as a ‘frontal’ type executive dysfunction. One of the main components of this executive dysfunction is the impairment of verbal fluency. The aim of the present study was to assess semantic and phonemic fluency in a large sample of PD patients and to investigate the effect of clinical and sociodemographic variables on verbal fluency in this patient group.Three hundred patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease who were consecutive referrals to our clinic and 50 age and education matched healthy controls completed the phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tasks. Both phonemic and semantic verbal fluency were significantly impaired in PD patients relative to matched controls. Stage of illness, presence of depression, education and age influenced verbal fluency measures. Regression analyses established that global measures of cognitive ability (MMSE) and executive function (FAB) and side of onset of motor symptoms predicted 36–37% of variance of phonemic or semantic verbal fluency measures. Thus, future studies aimed at assessing cognitive functioning in PD patients treated by deep brain stimulation (DBS) should adequately take into account several factors (stage of illness, depression, executive functioning) which may potentially influence performance on verbal fluency tasks.

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Foley, Jennifer A., Tom Foltynie, Ludvic Zrinzo, Jonathan A. Hyam, Patricia Limousin, and Lisa Cipolotti. "Apathy and Reduced Speed of Processing Underlie Decline in Verbal Fluency following DBS." Behavioural Neurology 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7348101.

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Objective. Reduced verbal fluency is a strikingly uniform finding following deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson’s disease (PD). The precise cognitive mechanism underlying this reduction remains unclear, but theories have suggested reduced motivation, linguistic skill, and/or executive function. It is of note, however, that previous reports have failed to consider the potential role of any changes in speed of processing. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine verbal fluency changes with a particular focus on the role of cognitive speed.Method. In this study, 28 patients with PD completed measures of verbal fluency, motivation, language, executive functioning, and speed of processing, before and after DBS.Results. As expected, there was a marked decline in verbal fluency but also in a timed test of executive functions and two measures of speed of processing. Verbal fluency decline was associated with markers of linguistic and executive functioning, but not after speed of processing was statistically controlled for. In contrast, greater decline in verbal fluency was associated with higher levels of apathy at baseline, which was not associated with changes in cognitive speed.Discussion. Reduced generativity and processing speed may account for the marked reduction in verbal fluency commonly observed following DBS.

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Udhnani, Manisha, Moshe Maiman, Jonathan D. Blumenthal, Liv S. Clasen, Gregory L. Wallace, Jay N. Giedd, Armin Raznahan, and Nancy Raitano Lee. "Phonemic and Semantic Verbal Fluency in Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy: Contrasting the Effects of Supernumerary X versus Y Chromosomes on Performance." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 24, no. 9 (October 2018): 917–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617718000723.

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AbstractObjectives: Past research suggests that youth with sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) present with verbal fluency deficits. However, most studies have focused on sex chromosome trisomies. Far less is known about sex chromosome tetrasomies and pentasomies. Thus, the current research sought to characterize verbal fluency performance among youth with sex chromosome trisomies, tetrasomies, and pentasomies by contrasting how performance varies as a function of extra X number and X versus Y status. Methods: Participants included 79 youth with SCAs and 42 typically developing controls matched on age, maternal education, and racial/ethnic background. Participants completed the phonemic and semantic conditions of a verbal fluency task and an abbreviated intelligence test. Results: Both supernumerary X and Y chromosomes were associated with verbal fluency deficits relative to controls. These impairments increased as a function of the number of extra X chromosomes, and the pattern of impairments on phonemic and semantic fluency differed for those with a supernumerary X versus Y chromosome. Whereas one supernumerary Y chromosome was associated with similar performance across fluency conditions, one supernumerary X chromosome was associated with relatively stronger semantic than phonemic fluency skills. Conclusions: Verbal fluency skills in youth with supernumerary X and Y chromosomes are impaired relative to controls. However, the degree of impairment varies across groups and task condition. Further research into the cognitive underpinnings of verbal fluency in youth with SCAs may provide insights into their verbal fluency deficits and help guide future treatments. (JINS, 2018, 24, 917–927)

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Auriacombe, Sophie, Murray Grossman, Susan Carvell, Stephen Gollomp, and et al. "Verbal fluency deficits in Parkinson's disease." Neuropsychology 7, no. 2 (1993): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.7.2.182.

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Farghaly, Marwa, Mona Hussein, Amr Hassan, Mohamed Hegazy, and Asmaa Sabbah. "Testing of Verbal Fluency in Egyptians." Cognitive And Behavioral Neurology 31, no. 3 (September 2018): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnn.0000000000000160.

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Fu, Cynthia H. Y., Vivienne A. Curtis, Steven C. R. Williams, Mick J. Brammer, Nanda Vythelingum, Kevin Morgan, Chris Andrew, and Philip K. McGuire. "Overt verbal fluency examined with fMRI." NeuroImage 11, no. 5 (May 2000): S338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(00)91270-9.

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Henry, Julie D., and William W. Beatty. "Verbal fluency deficits in multiple sclerosis." Neuropsychologia 44, no. 7 (January 2006): 1166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.10.006.

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Grasby, P., P. Webster, S. Williams, E. Bullmore, M. Brammer, and S. Checkley. "Functional MRI of covert verbal fluency." Schizophrenia Research 18, no. 2-3 (February 1996): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(96)85605-2.

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Hewett, Laura J., Sara Jo Nixon, Susan Wagner Glenn, and Oscar A. Parsons. "Verbal fluency deficits in female alcoholics." Journal of Clinical Psychology 47, no. 5 (September 1991): 716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199109)47:5<716::aid-jclp2270470514>3.0.co;2-s.

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Sutin, Angelina R., Yannick Stephan, and Antonio Terracciano. "Verbal fluency and risk of dementia." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 34, no. 6 (March 21, 2019): 863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.5081.

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Crawford, J. R., M. C. Obonsawin, and M. Bremner. "Frontal lobe impairment in schizophrenia: relationship to intellectual functioning." Psychological Medicine 23, no. 3 (August 1993): 787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700025563.

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SynopsisSchizophrenic subjects (N = 48) and individually matched healthy controls were administered the Verbal Scale of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (VIQ) and a test of verbal fluency. The verbal fluency and VIQ scores of the schizophrenic subjects were significantly lower than the scores of the control subjects. An additional sample of healthy subjects (N = 144) was used to generate a regression equation for the prediction of verbal fluency scores from Verbal IQ and age. The verbal fluency scores obtained by the schizophrenic subjects were significantly lower than the scores predicted from the regression equation, whereas a significant difference was not obtained in the matched controls. These results provide further evidence of frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia.

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Orgassa, Antje. "Co-speech Gesture in Anomic Aphasia." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 73 (January 1, 2005): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.73.09org.

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The use of gestures during "normal" speech production is well investigated and understood. In contrast, little systematic research has been carried out to examine gesture behaviour during non-fluent aphasie speech production, which is characterized by considerable anomia and hesitations. However, by comparing gesture behaviour during fluent, hesitant, and anomie speech, gesture research in aphasia can provide insight into a more general question: the nature of the interaction between verbal and manual expression. Furthermore, such research can help to evaluate the usefulness of therapy methods that try to stimulate verbal communication through nonverbal action. In this study, gesture behaviour (type, quantity, synchrony, handedness and function) related to speech production was examined and a comparison made between a male aphasie and a healthy counterpart. The collected data were separated into three different levels of fluency and then categorized according to McNeill's system, with additional features specific to anomie gesture behaviour. A comparison of the behaviour of the two informants reveals that there is no significant difference in their gestures during fluent speech production, Clear similarities were also observed in the two modes during hesitant speech production. With respect to anomia, the results of this study suggest that gestures do not have a compensatory or facilitative function. Consequently, it is questionable whether word retrieval during anomia can be prompted by nonverbal stimulation.

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Melero-Cañas, David, Vicente Morales-Baños, Daniel N. Ardoy, David Manzano-Sánchez, and Alfonso Valero-Valenzuela. "Enhancements in Cognitive Performance and Academic Achievement in Adolescents through the Hybridization of an Instructional Model with Gamification in Physical Education." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 5966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115966.

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An educational physical education (PE) hybridization program based on the personal and social responsibility model and gamification strategies was used in order to explore the effect on cognitive performance and academic achievement. A 9-month group-randomized controlled trial was conducted, with 150 participants (age: 14.63 ± 1.38) allocated into the control group (CG, n = 37) and experimental group (EG, n = 113). Inhibition, verbal fluency, planning, and academic achievement were assessed. Significant differences were observed in the post-test for cognitive inhibition, verbal fluency (named animals), and the mean of both verbal fluency tasks in favor of the EG. With regard to the intervention, verbal fluency (named animals), verbal fluency (named vegetables), the mean of both verbal fluency tasks, cognitive inhibition, language, the average of all subjects, the average of all subjects except PE, and the average from the core subjects increased significantly in the EG. Values for the last five variables (academic variables and cognitive inhibition) in addition to mathematics also increased in the CG. This study contributes to the current knowledge by suggesting that both methodologies produced improvements in the measured variables, but the use of the hybridization resulted in improvements in cognitive performance, specifically with regard to cognitive inhibition and verbal fluency.

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Barbosa, Alessandra Ferreira, Mariana Callil Voos, Janini Chen, Debora Cristina Valente Francato, Carolina de Oliveira Souza, Egberto Reis Barbosa, Hsin Fen Chien, and Letícia Lessa Mansur. "Cognitive or Cognitive-Motor Executive Function Tasks? Evaluating Verbal Fluency Measures in People with Parkinson’s Disease." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7893975.

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Introduction. Executive function deficits are observed in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) from early stages and have great impact on daily living activities. Verbal fluency and oral diadochokinesia involve phonarticulatory coordination, response inhibition, and phonological processing and may also be affected in people with PD. This study aimed to describe the performance of PD patients and an age- and education-matched control group on executive function, verbal fluency, and oral diadochokinesia tests and to investigate possible relationships between them. Methods. Forty people with PD and forty controls were evaluated with Trail Making Test (TMT, executive function) and phonemic/semantic verbal fluency and oral diadochokinesia (/pataka/) tests. Groups were compared by ANOVA and relationships were investigated by Pearson tests. Results. People with PD showed longer times in parts A and B of TMT. They also said fewer words in phonemic/semantic verbal fluency tests and less syllables in the diadochokinesia test. Oral diadochokinesia strongly correlated to parts A and B of TMT and to phonemic verbal fluency. Conclusion. Oral diadochokinesia was correlated to executive function and verbal fluency. The cognitive-motor interaction in verbal fluency and oral diadochokinesia must be considered not to overestimate the cognitive or motor impairments in people with PD.

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Koponen, Tuire, Tuija Aro, Pekka Räsänen, and Timo Ahonen. "Language-based retrieval difficulties in arithmetic: A single case intervention study comparing two children with SLI." Educational and Child Psychology 24, no. 2 (2007): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2007.24.2.98.

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The aim of this single-case intervention study was to examine whether difficulties in fluently retrieving language-based material are related to learning to retrieve arithmetical facts from long-term memory. Two 10-year-old Finnish-speaking children considered to have Specific Language Impairment (SLI) were trained individually twice a week for two months using computerised game-like addition tasks. The participants were matched for non-verbal reasoning and non-verbal numerical skills as well as linguistic skills (verbal short-term memory, comprehension and vocabulary). The key cognitive difference between the participants was naming fluency. Child A had difficulties in fluently retrieving language-based material while child B’s performance on the same task was close to age-mean. A multiple baseline across-subjects design was used, with three baseline assessments and three follow-up assessments. Before the intervention both children used finger-counting strategies only. During the intervention child B progressed from finger-counting strategies to fact retrieval, while child A continued to use finger counting only. The results suggest that the benefit of an intervention programme, focusing on teaching fluent calculation skills with simple additions, is related to the specific features of the child’s language competencies. It is proposed that an inability to shift from a finger counting to a fact retrieval strategy is connected to difficulties in fluent retrieval of language-based material from long-term memory.

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Wyman-Chick, Kathryn A. "Verbal Fluency in Parkinson’s Patients with and without Bilateral Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus: A Meta-analysis." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 22, no. 4 (February 2, 2016): 478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617716000035.

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AbstractObjectives: Patients with Parkinson’s disease often experience significant decline in verbal fluency over time; however, deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is also associated with post-surgical declines in verbal fluency. The purpose of this study was to determine if Parkinson’s patients who have undergone bilateral STN-DBS have greater impairment in verbal fluency compared to Parkinson’s patients treated by medication only. Methods: A literature search yielded over 140 articles and 10 articles met inclusion criteria. A total of 439 patients with Parkinson’s disease who underwent bilateral STN-DBS and 392 non-surgical patients were included. Cohen’s d, a measure of effect size, was calculated using a random effects model to compare post-treatment verbal fluency in patients with Parkinson’s disease who underwent STN-DBS versus those in the non-surgical comparison group. Results: The random effects model demonstrated a medium effect size for letter fluency (d=−0.47) and a small effect size for category fluency (d=−0.31), indicating individuals with bilateral STN-DBS had significantly worse verbal fluency performance than the non-surgical comparison group. Conclusions: Individuals with Parkinson’s disease who have undergone bilateral STN-DBS experience greater deficits in letter and category verbal fluency compared to a non-surgical group. (JINS, 2016, 22, 478–485)

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SHAREEF, ZEINAB, PER ÖSTBERG, and MARTINA HEDENIUS. "Verbal fluency in relation to reading ability in students with and without dyslexia." Applied Psycholinguistics 40, no. 2 (November 14, 2018): 445–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716418000644.

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ABSTRACTVerbal fluency tasks, in which participants generate words during a set time, have been used in research and assessments of neurobiological disorders and impairments. Research on verbal fluency in dyslexia has shown impaired performance in semantic and letter fluency. However, studies report inconsistent results, and action fluency has not been examined in dyslexia. Current research has mainly examined verbal fluency in relation to executive functions, vocabulary, and phonological processing. The present study examined performance on letter, semantic, and action fluency in relation to reading ability in 42 students in higher education, of which 16 had developmental dyslexia and 26 had typical reading development. It was examined if verbal fluency can predict variance in reading ability when group, phonological awareness, and rapid automatized naming are controlled for. Results showed impaired verbal fluency in the developmental dyslexia group. Action fluency and group were significant predictors of reading ability, together explaining 73% of the variance, in a backward elimination regression analysis. The results point to a possible, unique connection between action fluency and reading ability; this connection is discussed based on their neurocognitive underpinnings.

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Tomer, Rachel, and Bonnie E. Levin. "Differential Effects of Aging on Two Verbal Fluency Tasks." Perceptual and Motor Skills 76, no. 2 (April 1993): 465–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.2.465.

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The effect of age on verbal fluency was studied in 84 healthy volunteers, ages 45 to 91 years, who performed letter-fluency and semantic-fluency tasks. Older subjects (75 to 91 yr.) performed as well as younger (50 to 64 yr.) on letter fluency but did significantly worse on semantic category fluency. This pattern is similar to that observed in Alzheimer-type dementia.

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Atkinson-Clement, Cyril, Friederike Leimbach, and Marjan Jahanshahi. "Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation Does Not Have Any Acute Effects on Verbal Fluency or on Speed of Word Generation in Parkinson’s Disease." Parkinson's Disease 2019 (October 3, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6569874.

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Background. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) has been shown to be generally safe from a cognitive perspective, with consistent evidence that the major impact of STN-DBS in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is on verbal fluency. Objective. The aim of this study was first to identify the influence of acute manipulation of STN-DBS in PD on the number and time pattern of word generation on different verbal fluency (VF) tasks, phonemic, switching, and cued switching, and second to determine whether cueing improved VF and if cueing effects interacted with STN-DBS effects. Methods. Parallel versions of these three verbal fluency tasks were completed by 31 patients with Parkinson’s disease who had had bilateral DBS of the STN, twice, with DBS On and Off, with the order counterbalanced across patients. Results. There was no effect of acute STN-DBS on the total number of words generated during verbal fluency. As expected, the number of words generated significantly declined over the six 10-second intervals of the verbal fluency tasks, but this time pattern of word generation was not altered by STN-DBS. External cueing significantly increased the number of words generated relative to an uncued switching verbal fluency task, but the cueing effect on VF was not altered by STN-DBS. Conclusion. In conclusion, (i) acute STN-DBS manipulation did not alter either verbal fluency performance or the time pattern of word generation and (ii) external cueing significantly improved verbal fluency performance both with STN-DBS On and Off.

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Hostetter, Autumn B., and Martha W. Alibali. "Raise your hand if you’re spatial." Gesture 7, no. 1 (April 18, 2007): 73–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.7.1.05hos.

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Individuals differ greatly in how often they gesture when they speak. This study investigated relations between speakers’ verbal and spatial skills and their gesture rates. Two types of verbal skill were measured: semantic fluency, which is thought to index efficiency with lexical access, and phonemic fluency, which is thought to index efficiency with organizing the lexicon in novel ways. Spatial skill was measured with a visualization task. We hypothesized that individuals with low verbal skill but high spatial visualization skill would gesture most often, due to having mental images not closely linked to verbal forms. This hypothesis was supported for phonemic fluency, but not for semantic fluency. We also found that individuals with low phonemic fluency and individuals with high phonemic fluency produced representational gestures at higher rates than individuals with average phonemic fluency. The findings indicate that individual differences in gesture production are associated with individual differences in cognitive skills.

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Zhu, Yuxia, Sichen Li, Hongyu Lai, Lijuan Mo, Changhong Tan, Xi Liu, Fen Deng, and Lifen Chen. "Effects of Anti-Parkinsonian Drugs on Verbal Fluency in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis." Brain Sciences 12, no. 11 (November 4, 2022): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12111496.

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Verbal fluency impairment is common in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the effect of drugs on verbal fluency in PD patients has not been comprehensively evaluated. We conducted a network meta-analysis based on four online databases to compare the effect of drugs on verbal fluency in PD patients. This study was performed and reported according to PRISMA-NMA guidelines. In total, 6 out of 3707 articles (three RCTS and three cross-sectional studies) covering eight drug regimens were included (five for letter fluency, five for semantic fluency). In terms of letter fluency, the ranking of the overall efficacy of included drug regimens was: levodopa, levodopa combined with pramipexole, rotigotine, cabergoline, pramipexole, pergolide, but no drug regimen presented a significant advantage over the others. In terms of semantic fluency, the ranking of the overall efficacy of included drug regimens was: rotigotine, levodopa, cabergoline, pergolide, pramipexole, among which, levodopa alone (SMD = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.28–1.59) and rotigotine alone (SMD = 1.18, 95%CI: 0.28–2.09) were statistically superior to pramipexole, while no significant difference was identified between all the other drug regimens. Levodopa and rotigotine seem to be more appropriate choices for PD patients with verbal fluency impairment. Further study is needed to illustrate the efficacy of drugs on verbal fluency in PD patients.

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Santos, Isadora Machado Monteiro dos, Júlia Santos Costa Chiossi, Alexandra Dezani Soares, Letícia Neves de Oliveira, and Brasília Maria Chiari. "Phonological and semantic verbal fluency: a comparative study in hearing-impaired and normal-hearing people." CoDAS 26, no. 6 (December 2014): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20142014050.

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PURPOSE: To compare the performance of hearing-impaired and normal-hearing people on phonologic and semantic verbal fluency tests. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 48 hearing-impaired adults and 42 individuals (control group) with no hearing or language complaints. Sociodemographic data were collected, as well as the characteristics of hearing loss and of the electronic auditory device (hearing aids or cochlear implant), when relevant. Verbal fluency was tested in two different tasks: by semantic category (animals) and by phonology (letter F). RESULTS: Educational level has influenced the results of fluency tests in both groups, with more evidence in the hearing-impaired subjects (p<0.001). Hearing-impaired subjects showed worse performance in verbal fluency tests when compared to normal-hearing people in groups with up to 10 years of schooling. In the comparison of performance in the two tests, both groups showed better results in the semantic fluency task. CONCLUSION: The hearing-impaired subjects with low educational level evoked fewer words in semantic and phonologic verbal fluency tests in comparison to normal-hearing subjects. Educational level is a relevant issue to the study of verbal fluency in deaf and hearing-impaired people.

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Nemoto, Takahiro, Masafumi Mizuno, and Haruo Kashima. "Qualitative Evaluation of Divergent Thinking in Patients with Schizophrenia." Behavioural Neurology 16, no. 4 (2005): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/386932.

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Patients with schizophrenia show deficits across a broad spectrum of neurocognitive domains. In particular, deficits in verbal fluency are common. Verbal fluency tests are neuropsychological tests that assess frontal lobe function or executive function but also assess divergent thinking. However, few studies have considered the impairment of verbal fluency from the viewpoint of divergent thinking. To consider the structure of divergent thinking, not only verbal assessments but also non-verbal assessments are indispensable. We administered several fluency tests, the idea fluency test, the design fluency test, and word (letter and category) fluency tests to 26 patients with schizophrenia and 26 healthy control subjects to evaluate divergent thinking in both groups and assessed their responses qualitatively. An acceptable minimal level of intelligence was maintained in the patient group. Although attention and executive functioning were relatively preserved in the subjects with schizophrenia, they demonstrated significant deficits in divergent thinking and had particular difficulty in producing ideas and designs requiring concept flexibility, a conversion of viewpoint, originality, or novelty. Research on deficits in divergent thinking in patients with schizophrenia may contribute to the development of cognitive and behavioral rehabilitation programs.

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van den Berg, Esther, Lize C. Jiskoot, Mariëlle J. H. Grosveld, John C. van Swieten, and Janne M. Papma. "Qualitative Assessment of Verbal Fluency Performance in Frontotemporal Dementia." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 44, no. 1-2 (2017): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000477538.

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Background/Aims: Verbal fluency is impaired in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and primary progressive aphasia (PPA). This study explored qualitative differences in verbal fluency (clustering of words, switching between strategies) between FTD and PPA variants. Methods: Twenty-nine patients with behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) and 50 with PPA (13 nonfluent/agrammatic, 14 semantic, and 23 logopenic) performed a semantic and letter fluency task. Clustering (number of multiword strings) and switching (number of transitions between clustered and nonclustered words) were recorded by two independent raters. Between-group differences, associations with memory, language, and executive functioning, and longitudinal change (subsample) in clustering and switching were examined. Results: Interrater reliability was high (median 0.98). PPA patients generated (a) smaller (number of) clusters on semantic and letter fluency than bvFTD patients (p < 0.05). Semantic variant patients used more switches than nonfluent/agrammatic or logopenic variant patients (p < 0.05). Clustering in semantic fluency was significantly associated with memory and language (range standardized regression coefficients 0.24-0.38). Switching in letter fluency was associated with executive functioning (0.32-0.35). Conclusion: Clustering and switching in verbal fluency differed between patients with subtypes of FTD and PPA. Qualitative aspects of verbal fluency provide additional information on verbal ability and executive control which can be used for clinically diagnostic purposes.

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Allen, Jeffery, Paul Blanton, Douglas Johnson-Greene, Candice Murphy-Farmer, and Alan Gross. "Need for Achievement and Performance on Measures of Behavioral Fluency." Psychological Reports 71, no. 2 (October 1992): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.71.2.471.

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This investigation was designed to assess the relationship between a validated personality characteristic, need for achievement (nAch), and performance on measures of behavioral fluency. To infer this relationship, 50 neurologically intact college undergraduates were administered a questionnaire assessing nAch and a battery of tests including a short form of the WAIS and measures of behavioral fluency (i.e., verbal fluency). Statistical analysis indicated that subjects high on nAch obtained higher scores than subjects low on nAch on the measures of figural fluency and the WAIS Verbal Scale. No significant difference on verbal fluency was seen between the two groups. Secondly, the group high on nAch also had a higher mean Verbal IQ but not a higher mean Performance IQ as measured by a short form of the WAIS than did subjects scoring low on nAch.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fluenze verbali'

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