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1
BARATTIERI, DI SAN PIETRO CHIARA. "Semantic and syntactic modifications in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/277375.
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Nonostante la comprovata presenza di alterazioni a carico del linguaggio nei disturbi dello spettro schizofrenico (DSS - American Psychiatric Association, 2013), la piena caratterizzazione del fenomeno non è ancora stata raggiunta. L’ipotesi della “schizofrenia come prezzo da pagare per il linguaggio" (Crow, 1997) apre nuove prospettive al problema sotto osservazione e suggerisce la necessità di un approccio volto a integrare gli strumenti attualmente utilizzati per la valutazione clinica delle abilità linguistiche nei DSS.
L’obiettivo generale del presente lavoro è l'avanzamento nella comprensione dei disturbi del linguaggio in questa popolazione. A tal fine è stato adottato un approccio interdisciplinare a cavallo tra la neuropsicologia, la psicolinguistica e la linguistica computazione. In particolare, il presente lavoro si concentra: i) sullo studio dell’interazione tra il magazzino semantico e le funzioni esecutive ai compiti di fluenza verbale; ii) sulla produzione e la comprensione della struttura argomentale del verbo e della complessità sintattica; e iii) sulla sensibilità alle violazioni semantiche a carico di diversi ruoli tematici.
Quarantatré persone con DSS sono state reclutate presso l’IRCCS Fatebenefratelli di Brescia. I processi di elaborazione linguistica dei partecipanti sono stati studiati attraverso: i) due fluenze verbali analizzate adottando sia punteggi tradizioni, sia algoritmi di Natural Language Processing (NLP); ii) la Northwestern Assessment of Verb Argument Structure (NAVS – Cho-Reyes & Thompson, 2012; Barbieri et al., 2019); iii) uno studio sui movimenti oculari durante un compito di lettura di frasi con violazioni semantiche. Come confronto, lo stesso protocollo sperimentale è stato somministrato a un campione di soggetti sani di controllo appaiati per sesso ed età.
Nei compiti di fluenza verbale si sono osservate differenze significative tra i due gruppi relativamente alla dimensione media dei cluster semantici, al numero di switch tra cluster, nonché alle misure di coerenza semantica, mettendo in evidenza il contributo differenziale e non mutualmente esclusivo dell’integrità del magazzino semantico e delle funzioni esecutive alla fluenza verbale. Inoltre, gli algoritmi sperimentali NLP basati sulle misure adottate hanno dimostrato un’elevata prestazione nella classificazione dei soggetti con o senza DSS. Dai risultati della batteria NAVS è stato inoltre possibile identificare una difficoltà specifica dei pazienti rispetto a strutture argomentali complesse, nonché rispetto a frasi aventi un ordine delle parole non canonico, sia in produzione sia in comprensione, compatibili con la Argument Structure Complexiy Hypothesis (ASCH – Thompson, 2003) e con un deficit del movimento sintattico che soggiace alle frasi non canoniche (Chomsky, 1981). Infine, tramite lo studio dei movimenti oculari è stato possibile osservare una diminuita sensibilità alle violazioni sul ruolo tematico di “Agente”, compatibile con la presenza di un “disturbo del Sé” (Henriksen & Noordgard, 2014) nei DSS.
In conclusione, i nostri risultati confermano la presenza di deficit specifici a carico delle abilità semantiche e sintattiche osservabili in produzione e in comprensione nei DSS. Inoltre, l’esito dello studio supporta l’applicazione di un approccio multi-disciplinare al problema in oggetto. Il presente studio dimostra come misure di fluenza verbale derivate da un approccio linguistico-computazionale associate a una dettagliata caratterizzazione del linguaggio recettivo e produttivo nei DSS grazie agli strumenti e alle cornici teoriche della psicolinguistica possono contribuire all'avanzamento nella caratterizzazione delle modificazioni del linguaggio nei DSS oltre allo stato dell’arte.<br>Although the presence of language disturbances in people with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) is well established (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), a full characterization of the phenomenon is still missing. The hypothesis of “schizophrenia as the price we pay for language” (Crow, 1997) opens new perspectives on the problem at stake, and suggests the need for a combined approach aiming at integrating the clinical tools nowadays employed to assess language abilities in SSD.
The overall objective of the present work is to advance the understanding of language disturbances in this population by adopting an interdisciplinary approach embracing neuropsychology, psycholinguistics, and computational linguistics. In particular, the present work is focused on: i) the differential contribution of semantic storage and executive functions to verbal fluency; ii) the production and comprehension of verbs argument structure and syntactic complexity, and; iii) the sensitivity to semantics violation on different Thematic Roles.
Forty-three persons with SSD were recruited at the IRCCS Fatebenefratelli of Brescia. Participants’ linguistic processes were investigated by means of: i) two verbal fluency tasks for the evaluation of semantic store integrity and executive function performance, both computed manually and derived from Natural Language Processing (NLP) methodologies; ii) the Northwestern Assessment of Verb Argument Structure (NAVS – Cho-Reyes & Thompson, 2012; Barbieri, Brambilla, Thompson, & Luzzatti, 2019); iii) an eye-tracking study on semantic violations. For comparison, the same battery was administered to a sample of healthy control subjects matched by age and gender.
In the fluency tasks significant differences in the mean size of semantic clusters, number of switches, as well as measure of coherence were observed between groups, highlighting the differential and non-mutually exclusive contribution of the semantic store integrity and the executive functions to verbal fluency. Moreover, NLP-derived algorithms shown a high-level performance in classifying subjects with and without SSD. A specific difficulty with complex verb argument structure, as well as with non-canonical word order of sentences, both in production and comprehension, was identified in the SSD population. These results are compatible with the Argument Structure Complexity Hypothesis (ASCH – Thompson, 2003) and the presence of an underlying syntactic movement in non-canonical sentences (Chomsky, 1981). Finally, an impaired sensitivity to semantic violations on the “Agent” was observed in the eye-tracking study, compatible with the presence of a “disorder of the self” (Henriksen & Noordgard, 2014) in this population.
In summary, our results underline the presence of specific semantic and syntactic impairments in SSD as seen in language production and comprehension. Moreover, our result support the application of a multi-disciplinary approach to the issue at stake. Our study show how the added value of fluency measures derived by a computational linguistic approach paired with a fine-grained characterization of receptive and productive language in SSD by means of the tools and theoretical frameworks derived from psycholinguistics can contribute to further characterize language modifications in SSD beyond the current knowledge.
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Weiner, Huber Mendes Luisa. "Les mécanismes psychopathologiques et cognitifs de la tachypsychie." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ105/document.
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Habituellement décrite dans les états maniaques chez des patients présentant un trouble bipolaire, la tachypsychie est définie comme une accélération de la pensée qui peut également être observée dans les états dépressifs mixtes. Pour évaluer les mécanismes psychopathologiques impliqués dans ce phénomène peu étudié, nous avons élaboré un auto-questionnaire, le Racing and Crowded Thoughts Questionnaire (RCTQ), et nous avons évalué ses propriétés psychométriques chez les sujets sains et chez les patients avec trouble bipolaire. Les mécanismes cognitifs ont été investigués par le biais d’approches temporelles et langagières. Nos résultats suggèrent que la tachypsychie est un phénomène composite présent même chez les sujets sains en cas d’instabilité mineure de l’humeur. Sur le plan cognitif, la tachypsychie a été associée à la présence d’anomalies lexico-sémantiques et exécutives relevées à des tâches de fluence verbale ainsi qu’à une accélération du passage du temps<br>Racing thoughts have been traditionally described in manic states in patients with bipolar disorder. Recently, attention has been raised to this symptom in depressive episodes. In this thesis, we aimed at investigating the phenomenology of racing thoughts, a phenomenon that has been understudied so far, via a self-report questionnaire that we have developed – the Racing and Crowded Thoughts Questionnaire (RCTQ) -, in patients with bipolar disorder and in healthy individuals. From a cognitive standpoint, we assessed the cognitive underpinnings of racing thoughts via temporal and verbal fluency tasks. Our results suggest that racing thoughts are a multi-faceted phenomenon, that can be observed even in healthy individuals with mild affective instability. Importantly, our results show that racing thoughts are associated with lexico-semantic and executive abnormalities as well as with a feeling of faster than usual passage of time
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Schmidt, Charlotte Sophie [Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Kaller, and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Heinrichs. "Dissociating semantic and phonological verbal fluency." Freiburg : Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1174142405/34.
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Biondi, Giulia Maria Rosa. "Analisi strumentale della produzione verbale nella disfluenze locutorie." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/322.
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Gli studi di brain imaging piu' recenti hanno documentato: iperattivazione di aree motorie, anomala lateralizzazione destra o attivazione bilaterale di aree tipicamente coinvolte a sinistra nei parlatori fluenti, attivazione addizionale di aree motorie e non motorie, assenza di attivazione uditiva bilateralmente ed anomalie nel processamento uditivo, assenza di attivazione nei gangli basali, differenze morfologiche cerebrali tra balbuzienti e normofluenti con anomalie anatomiche nelle aree per la parola ed il linguaggio.
L'analisi acustica della produzione verbale dei balbuzienti ha ricevuto negli ultimi anni un interesse crescente da parte di diversi gruppi di ricerca in conseguenza del consolidarsi delle ipotesi che considerano il disturbo di fluenza conseguente un disturbo dei processi motori o sensomotori sottostanti la produzione verbale. Dopo una breve rassegna degli studi relativi agli aspetti acustici della parola del balbuziente con particolare riguardo ai parametri temporali viene proposta una batteria di test strumentali applicabile in ambito clinico. La batteria comprende in particolare il rilevo del Voice Reaction Time, del Voice Onset time e la registrazione della Mismatch Negativity.
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Gurd, Jennifer M. "Studies of verbal fluency deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317922.
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Auzou, Nicolas. "Production du verbe dans le vieillissement normal et les pathologies du mouvement : analyses quantitatives et qualitatives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0304.
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L’objectif général de cette thèse est d’étudier la production quantitative (i.e., nombre de mots) et qualitative (i.e. regroupements et alternances) du verbe d’action dans le vieillissement normal et dans les pathologies du mouvement à travers la tâche de fluence d’action, comparativement aux fluences classiques (i.e., sémantique et littérale). Nous avons montré que la production lors d’une tâche de fluence d’action est altérée chez des adultes âgés (60 ans et plus) comparativement à des adultes jeunes (30 ans et moins) et qu’elle est en lien avec les fonctions exécutives (Expérience 1) et la mémoire de travail (Expérience 3) chez l’adulte âgé. L’effet de l’âge paraît être modifié par le temps de production, les adultes âgés produisant moins de verbes d’action que les adultes jeunes pour un temps de trois minutes (Expérience 1) mais pas pour des temps d’une (Expérience 2) et de deux minutes (Expérience 3). De plus, les adultes âgés prenaient davantage en considération la consigne temporelle lors des tâches de fluence verbale que les adultes jeunes (Expérience 2). Les données d’une tâche d’association verbale (Expérience 4) indiquaient que les associations entre les noms et les verbes sont modifiées par l’âge. Nous avons comparés les performances de patients atteints de pathologiesdu mouvement à celles de participants contrôles lors de la tâche de fluence d’action. Nous avons montré que la production quantitative lors cette tâche est altérée chez des patients atteints de maladie de Parkinson (Expérience 5) et d’atrophie multisystématisée (Expérience 6). Dans le tremblement essentiel (Expérience 7), nous avons montré une atteinte de la fluence d’action alors que le traitement des verbes, lors d’une tâche de décision lexicale, n’était pas altéré. De plus, la chirurgie (stimulation cérébrale profonde) modifiait qualitativement la production dans la tâche de fluence d’action. Nos données montrent un impact du vieillissement normal et des pathologies du mouvement sur la production du verbe d’action, enraison de la nature fortement exécutive de ce processus<br>The aim of this thesis is to investigate the production of action verbs through the action fluency task, in comparison to classical fluency tasks (i.e., semantic and letter). In first instance, production has been studied, both quantitatively and qualitatively, in aging. We have shown that action fluency is impacted by healthy aging and is related to executive functions (Experiment 1) and working memory (Experiment 3) in older adults. This effect of age appearsto be affected by production time, with older adults producing fewer action verbs than younger adults in three minutes (Experiment 1) but not in one (Experiment 2) and two minutes (Experiment 3). In addition, older adults took more into account the time instruction during verbal fluency tasks (Experiment 2). The verbal association task’s data (Experiment 4) indicated that associations between nouns and verbs are modified by age. In second instance,the production of action verbs has been studied within movement disorders. We have shown that the production in the action fluency task and the adaptation to time instruction are impacted by Parkinson's disease (Experiment 5). We have also shown that action fluency is altered within an atypical parkinsonism, multiple system atrophy (Experiment 6). In essential tremor (Experiment 7), we have shown an impairment of action fluency while verbs treatment, in a lexical decision task, was not altered. In addition, surgery (deep brain stimulation) qualitatively modified the production of verbs in action fluency. Our data highlight the impact of healthy aging and movement disorders on the production of action verb, due to the highly executive nature of this process
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Dixon, Tracy Anne. "The neuropsychology and functional anatomy of verbal fluency in the major psychoses." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322578.
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Magaud, Emilie. "Intérêts des marqueurs cognitifs dans la détection précoce des sujets à Ultra Haut Risque de psychose." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066633.
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La schizophrénie commence à se manifester principalement vers la fin de l'adolescence et peut durer toute la vie. Au plan international de nombreuses équipes travaillent à définir les meilleurs critères permettant de détecter précocement les jeunes adultes susceptibles de développer une psychose dans l’année qui suit. Bien qu’un certain nombre d’éléments cliniques ait été isolé permettant la création d’outils de « diagnostic » du risque de psychose, plus de la moitié des sujets repérés ne développeront jamais de trouble psychotique avéré. Cette démarche probabiliste nécessite d’affiner la définition du profil du sujet à Ultra Haut Risque (UHR) de psychose afin de rendre les critères les plus pertinents possibles. Un certain nombre de domaines sont investigués afin de découvrir des marqueurs spécifiques additionnels à la clinique psychopathologique, dont le fonctionnement cognitif. Notre travail a consisté à explorer finement le fonctionnement neuropsychologique de sujets à UHR. Ce travail a donné lieu à l’écriture de 2 articles, le premier s’intéressant au test des fluences verbales, le second au fonctionnement intellectuel évalué par la WAIS-III. Comparativement à un groupe contrôle constitué de demandeurs d’aide du même âge et même niveau d’études, les UHR ont un fonctionnement altéré lors de la tâche de fluence verbale sémantique, ainsi que dans le domaine verbal évalué par la WAIS-III. Ces troubles, présents avant que la maladie psychotique ne soit avérée, permettraient de contribuer à l’élaboration d’une définition plus élaborée du sujet UHR, afin de réduire l’inclusion de « faux positifs » dans nos échantillons
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Forster, Renê Alberto Moritz da Silva e. "Morfologia flexional, sentenças complexas e não-canônicas na produção de afásicos não-fluentes." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=699.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Considerando discussões recentes no campo da neurolingüística este
trabalho se propõe a investigar a morfologia verbal, sentenças não-canônicas e
encaixadas na produção de informantes afásicos falantes de português. O trabalho
investiga o quanto hipóteses sobre a produção agramática são eficazes na descrição
de dados obtidos no português brasileiro e busca dissociações pertinentes a
modelos lingüísticos. Foram realizados duas avaliações de desempenho lingüístico
com de um total quatro afásicos não-fluentes com lesões cerebrais na área de Broca
e adjacências. Uma das avaliações destina-se a investigar a morfologia flexional e a
dissociação entre Concordância e Tempo, que desde o trabalho de Friedmann &
Grodzinsky (1997) vem provocando discussões no campo. Este teste foi realizado
por meio de tarefa de preenchimento de lacunas. O segundo teste visa a investigar a
produção de sentenças encaixadas, inergativas, intransitivas e passivas numa tarefa
de repetição. Em ambos os experimentos, os resultados foram, em boa medida,
diferentes dos esperados. Por um lado, dissociações comumente reportadas na
literatura não foram encontradas e, por outro, dissociações não esperadas foram
encontradas. A partir destes dados, são feitas considerações acerca de possíveis
explicações sobre o déficit de informantes não-fluentes e sobre a metodologia dos
estudos da área, ressaltando-se o cuidado necessário no trato com grupos formados
através de critérios pouco precisos<br>This work investigates verbal morphology, non-canonical and embedded
sentences on the production of Brocas aphasics. The goals were to evaluate some
hypothesis about agrammatic production and to search for aspects of aphasic
behavior that could be useful for linguistic theories. We carried out two tests with a
whole of four individuals who suffered lesions on the left cortex, at (or potentially
affecting) Brocas area. The first test investigates the dissociation between
Agreement and Tense originally reported by Friedmann & Grodzinsky (1997). For this
purpose we have conducted a filler-gap task with forced choice. The second test
consisted of a repetition task involving unergatives, unaccusatives, passives and
embedded sentences. Our results showed that some reported dissociations could not
be replicated by our study, while other unexpected ones were brought up.
Considering this data, we draw some conclusions about some hypotheses about
aphasic behavior and also propose some cautions to be taken concerning research
methodology in neurolinguistics
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Chlipala, M. Linda. "Organized Semantic Fluency and Executive Functioning in an Adult Clinical Sample and a Community Sample." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30445/.
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The study investigated an organized semantic fluency task, (the Controlled Animal Fluency Task - CAFT) as a measure of executive functioning (EF) in adults, and the relationship with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Participants (N = 266) consisted of a clinical sample (n = 142) utilizing neuropsychological assessment data collected at an outpatient psychological center, and a community sample (n = 124). The clinical sample was a heterogeneous mixed neurological group including a variety of health conditions and comorbid anxiety and depression. The CAFT Animals by Size demonstrated a significant positive correlation with Category Fluency (r = .71, n = 142, p < .001) , Animal Fluency (r = .70, n = 142, p < .001), and with other, established neuropsychological measures. The CAFT Animals by Size condition demonstrated a significant moderate negative correlation with IADL for the sample as a whole (r = -.46, n = 248, p < .001), and for the clinical sample (r = -.38, n = 129, p < .001), but not for the community sample. In a hierarchical regression analysis, CAFT Animal by Size explained additional variance in IADL (ΔR2 = .15). In a hierarchical regression analysis predicting IADL with the control variables entered first, followed by Category Fluency, with CAFT Animal by Size entered last, CAFT Animals by Size did not make a significant additional contribution. A stepwise forward regression indicated Category Fluency, education, and Category Switching are better predictors of IADL than CAFT Animals by Size. Normative data for the CAFT were calculated separately for age groups and education levels. Simple logistic regression indicated CAFT Animal by Size was a significant predictor of clinical or community group membership. A second logistic regression analysis indicated the CAFT Animal by Size condition improved the prediction of membership in the clinical versus the community group, compared to the MMSE alone. Applications of the CAFT are discussed.
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Snyder, Katharine A. "The neurobehavioral correlates of affect perception as a function of verbal fluency classification." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40763.
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Snyder, Katherine A. "The neurobehavioral correlates of affect perception as a function of verbal fluency classification /." This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01242009-063431/.
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Sehgal, Sapna. "Individual Differences in the Development of the Oral Fluency of American learners of Spanish Studying Abroad." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673694.
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This doctoral dissertation examines the effects of a short stay abroad (SA) experience on second language (L2) oral fluency development, taking into consideration individual differences in cognition and the study abroad experience. Relatively little attention has been paid to the cognitive aspects that influence L2 oral fluency gains. Following Segalowitz’s (2010) model, which emphasizes the underlying cognitive processes that affect L2 speech development, the present study investigates both utterance and cognitive fluency, specifically looking at the relationship between inhibitory control (an under-researched aspect of L2 cognition in the SA context) on L2 fluency gains. Forty-nine American students studying Spanish abroad in Barcelona were tested. First, this study investigates whether L2 oral fluency improves over a short stay abroad period, using an in-depth battery of L2 oral fluency measures. Second, we examine the relationship between L2 oral fluency gains and inhibitory control in the SA context, as we hypothesized that greater inhibitory control ability was related to L2 oral fluency gains. Third, we assess the extent to which individual differences in SA experience factors (such as the amount of self-reported language use, living situation and hours of language classes taken) affect L2 oral fluency gains over the SA period.
Picture based speech elicitation tasks were used to collect both L1 and L2 oral fluency data, and L2 oral fluency results were adjusted for the L1 where possible. To measure inhibitory control, both non-linguistic and linguistic inhibitory control tasks were used: a Simon task, a Letter (Phoneme) Decision task, and an L1-L2 and L2-L1 language switching task. Participants also completed a post-test questionnaire about their study abroad language use and experience.
Results showed little improvement in L2 speed, breakdown, and repair fluency development after a stay abroad. Participants spoke for a longer duration and had longer fluent runs. Contrary to our predictions, after adjusting for the L1, speed fluency data showed that participants spoke significantly slower at the end of their stay, while breakdown fluency results indicate that participants exhibited more silent and filled pauses at the end of their day, only becoming significantly less disfluent on one breakdown fluency measure (between clause silent pauses). A composite disfluency measure showed participants, on average, were less fluent in their L2 at post-test.
Inhibitory control ability was not found to relate to L2 oral fluency gains for most measures. A decrease in one disfluency measure –filled pauses between speech units (ASUs) – was significantly related to performance on the Letter (Phoneme) Decision test. Interestingly, participants were able to switch significantly faster into Spanish at the end of their stay than the beginning, which may be one indicator of increased inhibitory control.
Most fluency gains were not related to self-reported language use or other experience factors. Only 4 (of 25) fluency measures were significantly related to self-reported language use, one
measure was significantly related to classroom instruction hours, and one was significantly related to living situation. The results imply that these specific experiential factors themselves do not have a large impact on participants’ L2 oral fluency gains while abroad, although questionnaire data indicates participants perceived these factors to greatly affect their L2 oral fluency development.
Taken together, our findings suggest that a study abroad experience does not necessarily lead to L2 oral fluency gains. Measuring frequency and duration in L2 oral fluency measures and adjusting for the L1 brings insight to the data. Experience factors do not relate to L2 oral fluency gains, contrary to participant expectations and beliefs. Findings from the present study could be applied to pedagogy in the development of future SA programs.<br>Esta tesis doctoral investiga los efectos de una estancia en el extranjero en el desarrollo de la fluidez de la lengua castellana de un grupo de 49 americanos que estudiaron durante tres meses en Barcelona. Siguiendo el modelo cognitivo de Segalowitz (2010), que se concentra en los procesos cognitivos detrás de la producción oral en segundas lenguas (L2), este estudio investiga tanto el concepto de fluidez en el discurso como la fluidez cognitiva que influye en el discurso. Primero, este estudio evalúa si una estancia corta en el extranjero resulta en una mejora de la fluidez oral, usando una batería de medidas, ajustándolas a la manera individual de hablar en inglés. Segundo, investigamos la relación entre las mejoras en la fluidez y el control de la inhibición, un aspecto de la cognición poco estudiado en lingüística. En tercer lugar, evaluamos cómo las diferencias individuales en su experiencia afectan la mejora del idioma durante la estancia en el extranjero. Los participantes realizaron pruebas del discurso en castellano e inglés, pruebas de inhibición lingüísticas y no lingüísticas, y un cuestionario sobre la experiencia después de la estancia.
Los resultados muestran muy poca mejora en la fluidez en el L2 en las tres categorías de fluidez: la rapidez, la disrupción por disfluencias en el discurso y la repetición y autocorrección de errores. Contrario a las expectativas, los participantes hablaban con menos rapidez y fluidez al final de la estancia, en la mayoría de las medidas, menos una – tenían significadamente menos pausas en la mitad de las cláusulas en comparación al principio de la estancia. La inhibición no estaba relacionada con los cambios y mejoras en la fluidez, aunque los participantes pudieran cambiar del inglés al castellano más rápido al final de la estancia. Muy pocas medidas de fluidez estaban relacionadas con los factores de experiencia, indicando que estos factores no influyen en la fluidez, aunque el cuestionario muestra que los participantes lo creen. En conclusión, los resultados de este estudio pueden ser útiles para la pedagogía con el fin de crear nuevos programas de estudio en el extranjero.<br>Aquesta tesi doctoral investiga els efectes d’una estada a l’estranger en el desenvolupament de la fluïdesa en la llengua castellana d’un grup de 49 americans que van estudiar durant tres mesos a Barcelona. Seguint el model cognitiu de Segalowitz (2010), que es concentra en els processos cognitius darrere de la producció oral en les segones llengües (L2), aquest estudi investiga tan el concepte de fluïdesa en el discurs com la fluïdesa cognitiva que influeix en el discurs. Primerament, aquest estudi avalua si una estada curta a l’estranger resulta en una millora de la fluïdesa oral, utilitzant una bateria de mesures, ajustant-les a la manera individual de parlar l’anglès. En segon lloc, investiguem la relació entre les millores en la fluïdesa i el control de la inhibició, un aspecte de la cognició poc estudiat en la lingüística. Tercerament, avaluem com les diferències individuals en la seva experiència afecten en la millora de l’idioma durant l’estada a l’estranger. Els participants van realitzar proves del discurs en castellà i en anglès, proves d’inhibició lingüística i no lingüística, i un qüestionari sobre l’experiència després de l’estada.
Els resultats mostren molt poca millora en la fluïdesa en la L2 en les tres categories de fluïdesa: la rapidesa, la disrupció per disfluències en el discurs i la repetició, i l’autocorrecció d’errors. Contrari a les expectatives, els participants parlen amb menys rapidesa i fluïdesa al final de la seva estada, en la majoria de les mesures, menys una -tenien significativament menys pauses en la meitat de les clàusules en comparació al començament de l’estada. La inhibició no estava
relacionada amb els canvis i millores en la fluïdesa, encara que els participants poguessin canviar de l’anglès al castellà més ràpidament al final de l’estada. Molts d’aquests factors no influeixen en la fluïdesa, encara que el qüestionari mostra que els participants ho creuen. En conclusió, els resultats d’aquest estudi poden ser útils per la pedagogia amb la finalitat de crear nous programes d’estudi en l’estranger.
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Biddle, Kathleen Rafter. "Timing deficits in impaired readers : an investigation of visual naming speed and verbal fluency /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 1996.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 1996.<br>Adviser: Maryanne Wolf. Submitted to the Dept. of Child Development. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-257). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Kämmerer, Nina [Verfasser]. "Verbal Fluency bei gesunden Probanden und schizophrenen Patienten: Eine funktionelle Kernspintomographie-Studie / Nina Kämmerer." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1172615055/34.
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Defeyter, Margaret Anne. "Acquiring an understanding of design : evidence from functional fixedness problems and verbal fluency tasks." Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252271.
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Demakis, George J. "A neuropsychological investigation of verbal and nonverbal fluency : perspectives on asymmetries in frontal lobe functioning /." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-163924/.
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Roberts, Jonathan E. "The Effects of Age and Sex on Mental Rotation Performance, Verbal Performance, and Brain Electrical Activity." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26514.
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In adult populations, it is generally accepted there is an overall male advantage on spatial tasks and an overall female advantage on verbal tasks. These differences are inconsistent in children. The present study examined relations among age, sex, EEG hemispheric activation, and performance on spatial and verbal tasks. Thirty-two eight-year-olds (16 boys) and 32 college students (16 men) had EEG recorded at baseline and while performing a computerized 2-dimensional Gingerbread Man mental rotation task, a computerized 2-dimensional Alphanumeric mental rotation task, a computerized 3-dimensional Basketball Player mental rotation task, and a computerized Lexical Decision-Making task. Additionally, participants completed a paper-and-pencil Water Level task and an oral Verbal Fluency task. On the 2-dimensional Alphanumeric and 3-dimensional Basketball Player mental rotation tasks men performed better than boys, but the performance of women and girls did not differ. On the Lexical Decision-Making and Water level tasks, men performed better than women, while there was no difference between boys and girls. No sex differences were found on the 2-dimensional Gingerbread Man mental rotation task or Verbal Fluency task. Analyses of task-related data also indicate that computer familiarization or computer related task demands might contribute to sex differences on computerized tasks. EEG analyses indicated that, on the 2-dimensional Alphanumeric mental rotation task, men exhibited more left posterior temporal activation than women, while there were no differences between boys and girls. Additionally, there was evidence that simple, or 2-dimensional, mental rotation tasks are associated with left posterior brain activation, while 3-dimensional mental rotation tasks are associated with right posterior brain activation. On the 2-dimensional Gingerbread Man mental rotation task, males exhibited more activation of the left parietal area than females, while on the 2-dimensional Alphanumeric mental rotation task, men exhibited more activation of the left posterior temporal area than women. On the 3-dimensional Basketball player mental rotation task, all participants exhibited greater activation of the right parietal area than the left parietal area.<br>Ph. D.
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Hamblin, Erin. "The Effects of Divided Attention on Speech Motor, Verbal Fluency and Manual Motor Task Performance." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd905.pdf.
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Carvalho, Janessa O. "Emotion and Executive Functioning: The Effect of Normal Mood States on Fluency Tasks." Connect to this title, 2008. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/121/.
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Braga, Pereira Joana. "Verbal Fluency in Parkinson`s disease: neuroanatomical correlates and functional networks modulated by noninvasive brain stimulation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/90835.
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is currently the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease (AD), affecting 100.000 people in Spain and more than 4 million people worldwide. Being a movement disorder, impairment of motor functions is considered to be the hallmark symptom of PD. However, cognitive dysfunction is now recognized as a common feature, being present since early disease stages and affecting the majority of patients as the disease progresses. In line with this, one of the most common cognitive deficits found in PD patients are verbal semantic and phonemic fluency deficits.
Although there are still no established biomarkers for PD, neuroimaging methods offer the possibility of mapping the neurobiological substrates of motor and cognitive impairment in these patients. Amongst the available neuroimaging techniques, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, fMRI) produces images of the brain that provide quantitative values of cerebral atrophy and brain dysfunction, respectively. These techniques are relevant because they shed light into neurodegeneration processes occurring in PD compared to normal aging as well as those pathological processes that specifically underlie cognitive decline in these patients. In addition to neuroimaging, another method that allows studying brain networks and their disruption in PD is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which, in addition to modulating functional connectivity, provides a tool for cognitive and motor rehabilitation.
This thesis comprises three different studies that had two main goals. On one hand, it was aimed at characterizing the brain’s structural and functional correlates of semantic and phonemic fluency cognitive deficits in patients with PD using MRI, fMRI and tDCS methods. On the other hand, given the lack of a comparison of the relative contribution of different existing MRI-based techniques to characterize cortical degeneration in PD, specific changes in different characteristics of the cortical gray matter (GM) layer were assessed to determine whether brain atrophy in PD can be attributed to changes in cortical thickness, cortical folding or GM volume. The first study of this thesis showed that semantic fluency is associated with GM density in cortical frontal and temporal areas in PD patients, suggesting this function relies both on executive functions and semantic memory processes. The second study showed that by stimulating the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with tDCS, significant enhancement of functional connectivity occurs in both semantic and phonemic fluency networks in PD, in addition to a significant improvement of phonemic fluency functions. The third and final study showed that amongst the most widely used neuroimaging analysis techniques to assess cortical changes in PD, cortical thickness seems to be the most sensitive, followed by cortical folding and finally GM volume as assessed by voxel-based morphometry.
To conclude, the results that were found in this thesis shaded light into previously unstudied issues related to PD, increasing the knowledge on some of the cerebral pathological changes that affect patients with this disorder. In addition they encourage the use of tDCS to explore brain networks in PD and suggest that surface-based techniques such as cortical thickness are useful to assess GM changes occurring in these patients.<br>Actualmente, la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es el segundo trastorno neurodegenerativo más frecuente después de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Al ser un trastorno del movimiento, el síntoma principal de la EP es el deterioro de las funciones motoras. Sin embargo, la disfunción cognitiva actualmente se reconoce como una característica más de la EP, que está presente desde las fases iniciales de la enfermedad y que afecta a la mayoría de los pacientes a medida que la enfermedad va avanzando. Entre los déficits cognitivos más comunes en la EP se encuentra el deterioro de la fluidez semántica y fonológica que normalmente se atribuye al deterioro de las funciones ejecutivas. Aunque todavía no se han establecido biomarcadores definitivos para la EP, los métodos de neuroimagen como la resonancia magnética estructural y funcional (RM, RMf) y los métodos de estimulación cerebral no invasiva como la estimulación por corriente directa (ECT) ofrecen la posibilidad de estudiar los sustratos neurobiológicos del deterioro cognitivo en estos pacientes.
Esta tesis está formada por tres estudios. El primer estudio de esta tesis demostró que la fluidez semántica está asociada con la densidad de sustancia gris en áreas corticales frontales y temporales en los pacientes con EP, lo que sugiere que esta función se basa tanto en las funciones ejecutivas como en la memoria semántica. El segundo estudio mostró que la ECT sobre la corteza prefrontal dorsolateral izquierda, da lugar a un aumento significativo de la conectividad funcional en las redes neuronales de la fluidez semántica y fonológica, además de una mejora significativa de las funciones de fluidez fonológica en la EP. El tercer y último estudio mostró que entre las técnicas de análisis de neuroimagen más utilizadas para evaluar los cambios corticales en la EP, el grosor cortical parece ser el más sensible, seguido por el plegado cortical y el volumen de sustancia gris.
Para concluir, los resultados que se encontraron proporcionan información relevante sobre temas que previamente no se habían estudiado en la EP, aumentando el conocimiento sobre algunos de los cambios cerebrales patológicos que afectan a los pacientes con este trastorno
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Pérusse, Cavanagh Anne-Catherine. "Investigation du biais émotionnel en fluence verbale chez des personnes âgées avec un trouble cognitif léger avec ou sans symptômes dépressifs." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28510/28510.pdf.
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Pérusse-Cavanagh, Anne-Catherine. "Investigation du biais émotionnel en fluence verbale chez des personnes âgées avec un trouble cognitif léger avec ou sans symptômes dépressifs." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23063.
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Le trouble cognitif léger amnésique (TCLa) chez les personnes âgées se définit comme un syndrome préclinique de la maladie d'Alzheimer. En plus de leurs déficits cognitifs, près de la moitié des personnes TCLa présente des symptômes dépressifs concomitants (TCLa/D+). L'association entre les symptômes dépressifs et cognitifs est peu connue chez les personnes TCLa. L'objectif général de ce mémoire doctoral est de vérifier si le profil cognitif, plus spécifiquement au niveau langagier, diffère entre les personnes TCLa et TCLa/D+. À cet effet, une tâche de production de mots (fluence verbale) est administrée à 19 TCLa, 17 TCLa/D+ et 35 personnes âgées contrôles. La tâche comprend une condition formelle (lettres T-N-P) et une condition sémantique (catégorie animaux). La performance dans ces deux conditions est mesurée de deux façons : (1) le nombre de mots nommés et (2) la valence émotionnelle (négative, positive ou neutre) des mots énoncées. Les résultats indiquent que comparativement au groupe contrôle, les participants du groupe TCLa et TCLa/D+ produisent moins de mots sous les deux conditions. Seuls les TCLa/D+ se distinguent significativement du groupe contrôle sous condition formelle alors que dans les deux conditions, les groupes TCLa et TCLa/D+ sont comparables entre eux. En ce qui concerne la valence émotionnelle, l'analyse des résultats révèle qu'aucun groupe ne se distingue quant à la valence des mots énoncés. Plus précisément, le facteur Valence indique que tous les groupes tendent à formuler plus de mots neutres que de positifs et plus de mots positifs que de négatifs. En somme, cette étude ne révèle aucune différence entre les groupes quant au biais émotionnel en fluence verbale. Néanmoins, d'autres études sont encore nécessaires afin de caractériser les profils cognitifs des personnes TCLa et les TCLa/D+. Une meilleure connaissance des caractéristiques du TCLa avec ou sans symptômes dépressifs permettra de mieux comprendre la diversité des symptômes dans la phase prodromique de la MA.
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Kellum, Karen Kate. "Effects of instructed, shaped, and derived methods of contacting rules on the fluency of rule-following and accuracy of rule-stating." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3320562.
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Thwaites, Charlene Louise. "Neural correlates of verbal fluency and associations with demographic, mood, cognitive and tumour factors in brain tumour patients." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22711/.
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Verbal fluency tests are one of the most commonly used measures of executive functioning in neuropsychological testing and play an important role in the assessment, diagnosis and care planning of patients with a variety of conditions, including brain tumour. There is little conclusive evidence about which factors may influence verbal fluency outcomes. No studies to date have investigated the interactions between a comprehensive range of demographic variables, mood scores, tumour factors and key cognitive skills with the focus of verbal fluency outcomes in brain tumour patients. Similarly, clarification is required across studies assessing the localisation effects of verbal fluency skills. To address these gaps in the evidence base this study used a retrospective cohort design of cross-sectional data from patients with brain tumours, to investigate their performance of both phonemic and semantic verbal fluency. More specifically this study used simple linear and multiple regression calculations to analyse the interactions between these variables and other potentially important factors such as localisation, depression and anxiety (using the HADS), age, gender, education, premorbid functioning (using the TOPF), semantic memory (using the GNT), and tumour type. The results showed that an increase in phonemic fluency performance was significantly correlated with being educated, an increase in semantic memory, and an increase in premorbid functioning. Phonemic fluency was also significantly correlated with localisation. In general, a decrease in phonemic fluency was significantly associated with tumours in the left frontal lobe. An increase in semantic fluency was correlated with an increase in semantic memory. No other factors showed significant associations with phonemic or semantic fluency. The outcomes from the hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that localisation, gender, education, tumour type, depression, semantic memory, and premorbid functioning when combined can predict phonemic fluency variance. Combining localisation effects, semantic memory, depression and education together do not result in a model that predicts semantic fluency, as within this model the only significant relationship was between semantic memory and semantic fluency. These findings show that, for brain tumour patients, it is important to take into consideration tumour localisation, education, semantic memory, and premorbid functioning when assessing and care planning for deteriorations in phonemic fluency. Similar patients with deteriorations in semantic fluency need to have their results considered in light of performance in semantic memory tests.
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Godde, Erika. "De l'automaticité à l'expressivité et à la compréhension en lecture : Évaluation et développement de la prosodie en lecture chez le jeune lecteur A review of reading prosody acquisition and development Échelle Multi-Dimensionnelle de Fluence : nouvel outil d'évaluation de la fluence en lecture prenant en compte la prosodie, étalonné du CE1 à la 5ème Pausing and Breathing while Reading Aloud : Development from 2nd to 7th grade." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALS009.
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La lecture est un des savoirs fondamentaux acquis à l’école primaire. D’abord centré sur le décodage dans les premières années, l’enseignement se focalise ensuite essentiellement sur la compréhension et l’automatisation de la lecture. Cette automatisation, souvent désignée abusivement par le terme de fluence, est très fréquemment évaluée via une mesure du nombre de mots correctement lus par minute. Or, cette mesure se résume à évaluer le décodage et l’automatisation. Mais a lecture fluente du lecteur expert ne se résume pas seulement à une vitesse de lecture élevée, elle se caractérise également par une prosodie adaptée au texte, notamment en termes de phrasé et d’expressivité. En omettant l’aspect prosodique de la fluence, on tend à entretenir une confusion entre fluence et vitesse de lecture. Les dimensions prosodiques de la fluence ont longtemps été négligées dans l’étude du développement de la lecture. Seules quelques études récentes se sont intéressées à leur développement dans diverses langues, mais il n’en existe aucune en français. Ces études ont pu montrer, d’une part un développement long qui se poursuit au-delà de l’enseignement primaire et d’autre part un lien bidirectionnel entre prosodie en lecture et compréhension écrite. La dimension prosodique de la fluence mérite d’être plus largement étudiée, notamment chez l’apprenti lecteur, et c’est l’objectif de cette thèse.Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons étudié les étapes de l’acquisition de la prosodie en lecture, ainsi que le lien entre prosodie en lecture et compréhension écrite, chez de jeunes lecteurs français du début de l’école primaire au début de l’enseignement secondaire. Nous abordons ces questions en utilisant trois types de mesures complémentaires de la prosodie : une mesure subjective à l’aide d’une échelle multidimensionnelle et deux mesures objectives que sont les marqueurs acoustiques de phrasé et d’expressivité et une méthode d’évaluation automatique basé sur l’analyse des signaux de parole.Les lectures de 323 enfants du CE1 à la 5ème et d’une vingtaine d’adultes ont été enregistrées, 60 enfants ont été également été suivis du CE1 au CM1. Dans un premier temps, nous avons abordé le développement des compétences prosodiques en lecture d’un point de vue subjectif, en adaptant une échelle anglophone d’évaluation de la prosodie au français. Ces données subjectives ont permis de retrouver le lien prosodie-compréhension en français déjà mis en évidence dans d’autres langues.Dans un deuxième temps, ces données ont été analysées acoustiquement, afin de déterminer les étapes d’acquisition de la planification des pauses et de la respiration, marquant le phrasé pendant la lecture. L’étude des corrélations entre scores subjectifs et marqueurs acoustiques a permis de mettre en évidence les marqueurs affectant le jugement de l’auditeur. Les données acoustiques ont ensuite été utilisées pour mieux comprendre le lien entre prosodie et compréhension.Finalement, nous utilisons un outil de prédiction automatique des scores à l’échelle subjective, utilisant paramètres acoustiques et références multiples. Cet outil est utilisé pour analyser les données longitudinales recueillies auprès de 67 enfants du CE1 au CM1. Ces données ont permis de proposer un modèle de croissance pour chaque dimension de la fluence et étudier les liens de causalité entre automaticité, prosodie et compréhension.Les connaissances acquises dans cette thèse sur le développement de la prosodie en lecture et son lien avec la compréhension écrite chez l’enfant français nous permettent de proposer de nouveaux outils d’évaluation de la fluence incluant la prosodie, et d’envisager le développement d’outils d’entrainement à la lecture prosodique. Ces outils offrent de nouvelles perspectives pour l’enseignement de la lecture ainsi que pour le diagnostic etla prise en charge des enfants en difficulté d’apprentissage de la lecture<br>Reading is a crucial learning in primary school. Initially focused on decoding and accuracy during the first years, reading teaching is then based on automaticity and comprehension. Automaticity, often abusively called fluency, is usually assessed by measuring the number of words correctly read in a minute. However this method gives only an assessment of accuracy and automaticity skills, while flluency includes also the abilility to read with apropriate phrasing and expressivity, that means to read with a prosody adapted to the text. Omitting the prosodic dimensions of fluency results in confusion between speed and fluency. Prosodic dimensions of reading have long been neglected in reading studies. Only recently, a few new studies have been interested in reading prosody development in various langages, but not in French. This studies showed a long term development, continuing after primary grades. Moreover several studies also showed a bidirectionnal link between prosodic reading and written comprehension. That’s why the prosodic dimensions of fluency deserve more interest, especially while developping in young readers, to better understand its connection with written comprehension. That is the aim of the present thesis.In our work, we studied the acquisition stages for reading prosody and the link between reading prosody and written comprehension in young readers, from primary to secondary school. For this purpose, we used three complementary assessment methods for reading prosody : a subjective assessment, using a multidimensionnal scale, and two objective assessments : one using acoustic markers and another one, automatic, based on raw speech signal analyses.We recorded 323 children from grade 2 to 7 and 20 adults while reading.Firstly these readings were assessed using a multidimensionnal fluency scale, translated and adapted from English. These scores enabled us to characterize subjectively reading prosody development and to highlight, in French, the link between reading prosody and comprehension, mentionned in various studies.Secondly the readings were analyzed using acoustic markers of prosody. The aim was to determine acquisition stages for pauses and breathing planning while reading. Pauses planification is indeed essential to appropriate phrasing. These data were then used to explore the link between acoustic markers and subjective scoring and have cues of which acoustic markers have an influence on our perception of readings. Then we used the pausing and breathing data to characterize the link between reading prosody and comprehension.Finally we used an automatic scoring tool, based on acoustic markers of prosody and multiple expert standards, to assess longitudinal data from 67 children from grade 2 to 4. Using these data, we built growth model for each dimension of reading fluency and studied the causal link between automaticity, prosody and comprehension.The work presented here, on the development of reading prosody and its link to comprehension in French speaking children, enables us to promote new fluency assessment tools including reading prosody and to consider how to develop training tools. It also gives us new prospect on reading teaching and on identifying and helping children who need reading intervention
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Williamson, John B. "The influence of lateralized stressors on cardiovascular regulation and perception in high and low hostile men." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11125.
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The influence of hostility on the lateralized tasks of cardiovascular regulation, verbal fluency, nonverbal fluency, and dichotic listening was assessed. Twenty-four subjects divided into two groups, high- and low-hostile men underwent physiological measurements of SBP, DBP, and HR before and after verbal and figural fluency tasks, which were used as stressors. In addition, subsequent to the administration of each fluency task, dichotic listening performance was evaluated across unfocused, focus left, and focus right trials.
It was expected that high-hostile men would produce results indicative of differential right hemisphere activation when compared with low-hostile men. In addition, it was predicted that high-hostile men would display a weakness in both the performance of the right-frontal nonverbal fluency task and in their ability to maintain relative cardiovascular stability subsequent to the presentation of that stressor. As predicted, high-hostile men produced more perseverative errors than did low hostile men on this task. Further, subsequent to administration of the nonverbal fluency task, high-hostile men produced a reliable increase in blood pressure when compared to baseline and to low-hostile males.
Differences in dichotic listening performance were also expected as a function of the fluency tasks. It was predicted that high-hostile men would evidence a priming effect in that a left-ear bias would be detected after the nonverbal fluency task but not the verbal fluency task. This was indeed the case. However, interestingly, the low-hostile men also displayed a priming effect at the left ear during the nonverbal fluency condition. Results are discussed within the context of the functional cerebral systems of emotion and arousal. Implications for further research are explored.<br>Ph. D.
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Dauvermann, Maria Regina. "Investigation into functional large-scale networks in individuals with schizophrenia using fMRI data and Dynamic Causal Modelling." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10022.
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Schizophrenia is a complex and severe psychiatric disorder with positive symptoms, negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Preclinical neurobiological studies showed that alterations of dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitter circuits involving the prefrontal cortex resulted in cognitive impairment such as working memory. Functional activation and functional connectivity findings of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data provided support for prefrontal dysfunction during fMRI working memory tasks in individuals with schizophrenia. However, these findings do not offer a neurobiological interpretation of the fMRI data. Biophysical modelling of functional large-scale networks has been designed for the analysis of fMRI data, which can be interpreted in a mechanistic way. This approach may enable the interpretation of fMRI data in terms of altered synaptic plasticity processes found in schizophrenia. One such process is gating mechanism, which has been shown to be altered for the thalamo-cortical and meso-cortical connection in schizophrenia. The primary aim of the thesis was to investigate altered synaptic plasticity and gating mechanisms with Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) within functional large-scale networks during two fMRI tasks in individuals with schizophrenia. Applying nonlinear DCM to the verbal fluency fMRI task of the Edinburgh High Risk Study, we showed that the connection strengths with nonlinear modulation for the thalamo-cortical connection was reduced in subjects at high familial risk of schizophrenia when compared to healthy controls. These results suggest that nonlinear DCM enables the investigation of altered synaptic plasticity and gating mechanism from fMRI data. For the Scottish Family Mental Health Study, we reported two different optimal linear models for individuals with established schizophrenia (EST) and healthy controls during working memory function. We suggested that this result may indicate that EST and healthy controls used different functional large-scale networks. The results of nonlinear DCM analyses may suggest that gating mechanism was intact in EST and healthy controls. In conclusion, the results presented in this thesis give evidence for the role of synaptic plasticity processes as assessed in functional large-scale networks during cognitive tasks in individuals with schizophrenia.
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Zuculo, Gabriela Melloni [UNESP]. "Comportamento, fluência verbal e ritmos circadianos em indivíduos com o Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) antes e após o uso de melatonina." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138316.
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Previous issue date: 2016-04-19<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>As características comuns ao quadro do Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) destacadas pelo DSM-5 são: déficit de comunicação, dificuldade em fazer amizades ou se relacionar, dependência de rotina, resistência a mudanças e obsessão por itens inapropriados. Tais comportamentos podem ser observados desde a infância, porém com variações em cada indivíduo, o que levou o TEA a ser considerado um “continuum” que varia de menos comprometido (leve) a muito comprometido (grave). Dentre a complexa sintomatologia do TEA nos diferentes graus destaca-se a alta prevalência de distúrbios de sono, com influência negativa nas alterações comportamentais, instabilidade de humor, déficits nas funções neurocognitivas, incluindo memória, atenção, criatividade verbal, flexibilidade cognitiva e raciocínio abstrato. Como possível causa dos distúrbios de sono nessa população, está o déficit na produção de melatonina, hormônio que tem dentre suas funções a modulação da qualidade do sono. Com o intuito de fornecer dados para futuros tratamentos visando à melhora da qualidade de vida de indivíduos com TEA, esse estudo teve como objetivo investigar parâmetros de ritmo sono-vigília, aspectos comportamentais e de fluência verbal, antes e após o uso de melatonina exógena em indivíduos com TEA leve. Indivíduos com TEA leve de ambos os gêneros, de 7 a 18 anos, foram avaliados por meio da Escala de sono para crianças (EDSC), actigrafia, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) e Teste de fluência verbal fonêmica antes e após o uso oral de melatonina (3mg). A análise estatística descritiva foi feita a partir da média e erro padrão da média ou do percentual nos diferentes parâmetros e a análise estatística inferencial foi feita a partir do teste Anova com o teste de Tukey (pós-teste) e o teste de correlação de Spearman. Os resultados mostraram que 55,5% dos participantes com TEA leve apresentam indicativo de ao menos um distúrbio de sono, sendo os maiores percentuais encontrados em distúrbios de hiperidrose de sono, distúrbios respiratórios de sono e distúrbios de início e manutenção de sono. O grupo que recebeu melatonina apresentou os menores percentuais de distúrbios de sono com exceção do distúrbio de hiperidrose do sono. A análise da actigrafia mostrou que: o grupo TEA leve melatonina apresentou maior tempo total de sono em comparação aos outros grupos. Houve divergência sobre o ritmo atividade-repouso entre os parâmetros de fragmentação e amplitude do ritmo, sendo encontrado que o grupo TEA leve melatonina apresentou: ritmo menos fragmentado segundo o Aczcm e o IVm; e maior amplitude de ritmo segundo RAd e menor amplitude de ritmo segundo Sumpim. Os resultados do inventário de comportamento indicaram que as crianças com TEA leve apresentam os maiores escores classificados como clínico em problemas de pensamento, ansiedade, retraimento, comportamentos internalizantes e comportamentos externalizantes. O grupo que recebeu melatonina apresentou menores percentuais de escores classificados como clínico pelo inventário CBCL. A média de acertos no teste de fluência verbal fonêmica no grupo TEA leve foi de 13,9 ± 1,6. Quando separado por letras, o resultado foi P= 5,4 ± 0,7, T= 4,3 ± 0,5, L= 4,6 ± 0,6. Houve correlação entre os distúrbios totais de sono e os problemas somáticos de comportamento apresentados pelo grupo TEA leve. Estes dados mostram que crianças com TEA leve apresentam alta incidência de distúrbios de sono assim como no TEA sem especificação de grau, porém em menor escala. Estes distúrbios afetam aspectos comportamentais destas crianças e o tratamento com melatonina pode levar a melhora deste quadro. A fluência verbal de crianças com TEA grau leve é similar a de crianças com desenvolvimento típico.<br>The features common to the ASD highlighted by the DSM-5 are: communication deficit, difficulty making friends or relating, routine dependence, resistance to change, inappropriate items obsession. Such behavior can be verified since childhood, but with individual variations, which led the ASD to be considered as a "continuum" ranging from less committed (mild) to very committed (serious). Among the complex symptoms of ASD there is the high prevalence of sleep disorders, with a negative influence on behavioral changes, mood instability, deficits in neurocognitive functions including memory, attention, verbal creativity, cognitive flexibility and abstract reasoning. As a possible cause of sleep disorders in this population is the deficit of the melatonin production, hormone that modulates the sleep quality. In order to collaborate with future treatments that improving the life quality of ASD individuals, this study aimed to investigate parameters of sleep wake rhythm, behavior and verbal fluency before and after exogenous melatonin use in mild ASD individuals. For this, mild ASD individuals of both genders, 7-18 years were assessed by Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), actigraphy, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and phonemic verbal fluency test before and after oral melatonin (3 mg). Descriptive statistical analysis was analyzed by mean and standard error or by percentage of the different parameters and inferential statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA with Tukey test (post-test) and Spearman correlation test. The results showed that 55,5% of mild ASD participants showed at least one sleep disorder, with the highest percentages found in sleep hyperhidrosis, sleep-breathing disorders and disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep. The group receiving melatonin had the lowest percentage of sleep disorders with the exception of sleep hyperhidrosis disorder. The actigraphy showed that: the mild ASD melatonin group showed higher total time of sleep than other groups. There was disagreement about between fragmentation parameters and amplitude of the activity-rest rhythm, since was found that the group of mild ASD melatonin showed: less fragmented rhythm according to Aczcm and IVm; and greater amplitude following Rad and lower amplitude rhythm following Sumpim. The results of behavior indicated that children with mild ASD have the high scores classified as clinical problems in thinking, anxiety, withdrawal, internalizing behaviors and externalizing behaviors. The group receiving melatonin had lower percentages of scores classified as clinical CBCL inventory. The mean score on the verbal fluency test in the group of mild ASD was 13,9 ± 1,6. When separated by letter, the result was P= 5,4 ± 0,7, T= 4,3 ± 0,5, L= 4,6 ± 0,6. There was a correlation between total sleep disorders and somatic behavior problems presented by mild ASD group. These data show that children with mild ASD have a high incidence of sleep disorders as well as in the ASD level without specification, but to a lesser extent. These disorders affect behavioral aspects of these children and the treatment with melatonin can improve of the clinical condition. Verbal fluency of children with ASD mild is similar to typically developing children.
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Löble, Sophia-Helena [Verfasser], and Martin J. [Gutachter] Herrmann. "Einfluss von transkranieller Gleichstromstimulation auf den Verbal Fluency Task - eine fNIRS-Studie / Sophia-Helena Löble ; Gutachter: Martin J. Herrmann." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1171133022/34.
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Köhler, Mirjam, Matthias Kliegel, Birgitt Wiese, et al. "Malperformance in Verbal Fluency and Delayed Recall as Cognitive Risk Factors for Impairment in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-135809.
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Background: Maintaining independence in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is crucial for older adults. This study explored the association between cognitive and functional performance in general and in single IADL domains. Also, risk factors for developing IADL impairment were assessed. Methods: Here, 3,215 patients aged 75–98 years were included. Data were collected during home visits. Results: Cognitive functioning was associated with IADL both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Regarding the single IADL domains cross-sectionally, executive functioning was especially associated with shopping, while episodic memory was associated with responsibility for own medication. Conclusion: Reduced performance in neuropsychological tests is associated with a greater risk of current and subsequent functional impairment<br>Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Köhler, Mirjam, Matthias Kliegel, Birgitt Wiese, et al. "Malperformance in Verbal Fluency and Delayed Recall as Cognitive Risk Factors for Impairment in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living." Karger, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27678.
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Background: Maintaining independence in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is crucial for older adults. This study explored the association between cognitive and functional performance in general and in single IADL domains. Also, risk factors for developing IADL impairment were assessed. Methods: Here, 3,215 patients aged 75–98 years were included. Data were collected during home visits. Results: Cognitive functioning was associated with IADL both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Regarding the single IADL domains cross-sectionally, executive functioning was especially associated with shopping, while episodic memory was associated with responsibility for own medication. Conclusion: Reduced performance in neuropsychological tests is associated with a greater risk of current and subsequent functional impairment.<br>Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Koehler, Mirjam, Matthias Kliegel, Birgitt Wiese, et al. "Malperformance in Verbal Fluency and Delayed Recall as Cognitive Risk Factors for Impairment in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living." Karger, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71430.
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Background: Maintaining independence in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is crucial for older adults. This study explored the association between cognitive and functional performance in general and in single IADL domains. Also, risk factors for developing IADL impairment were assessed.
Methods: Here, 3,215 patients aged 75–98 years were included. Data were collected during home visits.
Results: Cognitive functioning was associated with IADL both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Regarding the single IADL domains cross-sectionally, executive functioning was especially associated with shopping, while episodic memory was associated with responsibility for own medication.
Conclusion: Reduced performance in neuropsychological tests is associated with a greater risk of current and subsequent functional impairment.
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Da, Silva Pita Anita. "Normative indicators for an isiXhosa-speaking population with disadvantaged education for tests of hand motor function and verbal fluency." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002468.
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The aim of the study was to obtain preliminary normative data for two tests of hand motor function (Successive Finger Tapping and Purdue Pegboard tests) and two tests of verbal fluency ("S"-Words-In-One-Minute and Words-In-One-Minute), administered in English, on a non-clinical sample of black, isiXhosa-speaking unskilled workers with a background of relatively disadvantaged former DET education (N = 33). The sample was equally distributed for gender; educational level was restricted to 11 - 12 years; age range was 18 - 40 years divided further into two age categories (18 - 29 and 30 - 40 years). Results of t-test comparative analyses revealed significant age effects on both trials of the Successive Finger Tapping test in the direction of the younger age group outperforming the older age group, and a marginal but consistent tendency towards poorer performance at an earlier age stage than proposed by the available literature, for the Purdue Pegboard, "S"Words- In-One-Minute and Words-In-One-Minute. Gender effects were only in evidence on the Purdue Pegboard in the direction of females outperforming males. A descriptive comparison of the norms acquired for the present study with available normative data for English first language speaking populations with higher levels and/ or relatively advantaged quality of education revealed consistently poorer performance for the present study. The findings highlight the effect of relatively low levels and/ or poor quality of education on both verbal and non-verbal neuropsychological test performance and confirm the need for demographically specific normative data.
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Garcia, Susana Francischetti. "Análise da Fluência Verbal de Surdos Oralizados em Português Brasileiro e Usuários de Língua Brasileira de Sinais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-28112001-084627/.
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Este estudo tem como objetivo traçar o perfil da fluência verbal de surdos oralizados em Português Brasileiro, usuários de Língua Brasileira de Sinais, em relação aos aspectos de velocidade da fala, tipologia das disfluências da fala, e freqüência de rupturas da fala, tanto na produção oral quanto na produção multimodal. O perfil da fluência foi investigado através da análise perceptual de amostras de fala de 12 indivíduos adultos surdos profundos congênitos. A metodologia de coleta e a análise da fluência foi baseada em protocolo brasileiro de avaliação da fluência. Os dados obtidos foram comparados intra-grupo, ou seja, a produção oral dos surdos com sua produção multimodal, e inter-grupos, a produção dos surdos com os parâmetros de fluência de ouvintes falantes de Português Brasileiro. Os resultados indicam que a fluência da fala dos surdos, tanto na produção multimodal quanto na produção oral são diferentes da fluência dos ouvintes. A velocidade da fala dos surdos é mais lenta que a dos ouvintes. Quanto à tipologia das disfluências da fala, os surdos apresentam resultados diferentes dos ouvintes (exceto na produção oral, para disfluências comuns). A freqüência de rupturas da fala dos surdos é superior à dos ouvintes (exceto na produção multimodal, para a porcentagem de descontinuidade de fala). Este estudo evidencia a necessidade de novas pesquisas sobre a fluência verbal dos surdos.<br>This research aimed to determine the verbal fluency profile of deaf individuals with oral Brazilian Portuguese language and users of the Brazilian Sign Language, in relation to speech rate, type of disfluencies and frequency of speech disruptions, in the oral and multimodal production. The fluency profile was investigated through the perceptual analyses of the speech samples of 12 deaf adults with severe congenital hearing loss. The adopted methodology and the fluency analyses were based on the Brazilian protocol of fluency analyses. The obtained data was analysed within the group, that is, comparing the oral production of the deaf individuals to their multimodal production, and between groups, that is, comparing the oral production of the deaf individuals to the oral production of hearing individuals speakers of the Brazilian Portuguese. The results indicate that the fluency of speech of deaf individuals, in the multimodal and in the oral production, are different than hearing individuals. The speech rate of deaf individuals is slower than that presented by hearing individuals. In relation to the type of disfluencies presented, the deaf individuals present different results than that observed in hearing individuals (except in the oral roduction for the common disfluencies category). The frequency of the speech disruptions presented by the deaf individuals is superior to that of the hearing group (except for the multimodal production for the percentage of speech discontinuity category). This study emphasizes the need of more research about the verbal fluency of deaf individuals.
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Houvenaghel, Jean-François. "Contrôle cognitif dans la maladie de Parkinson : étude par les tests de fluences verbales et la Simon Task motivée." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B001.
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La symptomatologie non motrice de la maladie de Parkinson s’accompagne fréquemment d’un défaut de contrôle cognitif. Le contrôle cognitif faisant référence à un ensemble de processus facilitant le traitement de l’information et la production de comportements adaptés, son altération impactera de très nombreuses capacités cognitives. Parmi ces capacités, nous nous intéresserons plus spécifiquement, d’une part, à la production orale de mots évaluée à travers les tests de fluences verbales et, d’autre part, aux processus favorisant la production d’actions intentionnelles en situation motivée comme évaluée par la Simon Task motivée. Par notre première étude nous remettrons en question l’hypothèse d’un défaut de contrôle cognitif comme origine principale de la réduction des performances aux tests de fluences verbales à la suite de la stimulation cérébrale profonde du noyau subthalamique. En effet, nous n’avons pas mis en évidence de relation entre cette altération et une modification de l’activité métabolique des régions frontales supportant le contrôle cognitif, ou une modification des performances à d’autres tests nécessitant un contrôle cognitif efficient. Les travaux suivant, portant sur le contrôle des actions motivées démontrent, d’une part, que la production d’actions guidées, non pas par des tendances d’actions impulsives, mais par des tendances d’actions en accord avec les intentions, est plus ardue lorsqu’une récompense financière est mise en jeu. D’autre part, le traitement de la maladie de Parkinson, aussi bien par dopathérapie que par stimulation cérébrale profonde du noyau sous-thalamique module le fonctionnement des processus impliqués, suggérant un rôle particulier des noyaux gris centraux. Nous discuterons des processus cognitifs et neuronaux impliqués et proposerons des perspectives de recherche aussi bien neuroscientifiques que cliniques<br>The nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease frequently include a cognitive control deficit. Cognitive control refers to a set of processes that promote information processing and the production of appropriate behaviours, so its impairment can have an impact on a wide range of cognitive abilities. We focused on just two of these abilities: oral word production, as assessed with phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tests; and cognitive action control in an incentive context, as assessed with a rewarded Simon Task. In our first study, we questioned the hypothesis that the reduction in verbal fluency performances observed following surgery for subthalamic nucleus deep-brain stimulation is mainly due to a cognitive control deficit. Results failed to reveal a relationship between this reduction and either modified metabolic activity in the frontal regions subtending cognitive control or modified performances on other tests requiring efficient cognitive control. In our second and third studies, investigating cognitive action control in an incentive context, we showed that the production of intention-driven actions, as opposed to impulsive ones, is more difficult when a monetary reward is at stake. We also demonstrated that treatment for Parkinson’s disease, whether it takes the form of dopaminergic medication or subthalamic stimulation, modulates the functioning of these processes, suggesting that the basal ganglia have a role in them. We discuss the cognitive and neural processes involved and outline future avenues for both neuroscientific and clinical research
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Gärskog, Malin, and Ingrid Hedström. "Ordflödesförmåga och analogiskt resonerande hos barn med cochleaimplantat i jämförelse med normalhörande barn." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148288.
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Ett fåtal tidigare studier har visat att barn med cochleaimplantat (CI) har sämre förmåga till såväl ordflöde som verbalt analogiskt resonerande jämfört med normalhörande barn. Det finns ett förhållande mellan språk och analogiskt resonerande, men förhållandet mellan ordflödesförmåga och förmågan till analogiskt resonerande har inte undersökts tidigare för varken barn med CI eller normalhörande barn, vilket motiverar föreliggande studie. Syftet var att undersöka huruvida det finns skillnader mellan barn med CI och normalhörande barn vad gäller ordflöde och analogiskt resonerande. Studien syftade även till att undersöka förhållandet mellan ordflöde och analogiskt resonerande hos barn med CI respektive normalhörande barn. Nio barn med CI i åldrarna 6;4–8;2 år och en kontrollgrupp av trettio normalhörande barn i åldrarna 6;1–7;1 år medverkade. Ordflödesförmågan undersöktes med det fonologiska ordflödestestet FAS och det semantiska ordflödestestet Djur. Visuellt analogiskt resonerande undersöktes med AnimaLogica och verbalt analogiskt resonerande undersöktes med deltestet Auditiv analogi från Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities-3 (ITPA-3). I föreliggande studie har barnen med CI sämre ordflödesförmåga och analogiskt resonerande än de normalhörande barnen. Det finns ett samband mellan semantiskt ordflöde och verbalt analogiskt resonerande hos normalhörande barn, med ett liknande mönster hos barn med CI. Förmågan till ordflöde och analogiskt resonerande samt sambandet mellan dessa förmågor har klinisk relevans för logopeden i och med att detta blir ännu en aspekt att ta hänsyn till vid språkliga utredningar och behandlingar hos såväl normalhörande som barn med CI.<br>Previous studies have shown that children with cochlear implant (CI) have worse word fluency abilities and analogical reasoning abilities compared to normal-hearing children. There is a relationship between language and analogical reasoning. However, a possible relationship between word fluency and analogical reasoning has not been studied before among children with CI or among normal-hearing children. This warrants the present study, which aimed to examine if there are differences between children with CI and normal-hearing children regarding word fluency and analogical reasoning. The study also aimed to examine the relationship between word fluency and analogical reasoning in children with CI and normal-hearing children. The present study involved nine children with CI aged 6;4–8;2 years and thirty normal-hearing children aged 6;1–7;1 years. Word fluency was examined using the phonological word fluency test FAS and the semantic word fluency test Animal. Visual analogical reasoning was examined using AnimaLogica and verbal analogical reasoning using Spoken Analogies from Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities-3 (ITPA-3). The results of the present study show that the children with CI had poorer word fluency ability and analogical reasoning compared to the normal-hearing children. A relationship between semantic word fluency and verbal analogical reasoning in normal-hearing children was found, with the children with CI showing the same trend. Word fluency ability and analogical reasoning and their relationship has a clinical relevance for speech-language pathologists since this must be considered when investigating and treating language difficulties in children with CI as well as normal-hearing children.
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Romann, Aline Juliane. "Padrão sequencial de modificações acústicas da voz, fala, fluência verbal e sintomatologia motora após interrupção da estimulação cerebral profunda do núcleo subtalâmico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143459.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A Estimulação cerebral profunda (ECP) do núcleo subtalâmico (NST) é uma técnica neurocirúrgica utilizada para tratamento de indivíduos com Doença de Parkinson (DP) idiopática quando a terapia farmacológica não atinge mais a sua finalidade. Entretanto, a ECP provoca deterioração nos sintomas fonoarticulatórios e fluência verbal. Durante as testagens vocais estudos mostram grande variação do intervalo entre a desativação da ECP e o início das tarefas vocais sendo inconclusivo seu efeito. Este estudo teve o objetivo de verificar as modificações acústicas da voz, fala, fluência verbal fonológica e motoras durante a ECP do NST ligado e desligado em pacientes com DP. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 16 pacientes com DP submetidos ao implante de ECP do NST, em tratamento estabilizado e sob efeito da medicação antiparkinsoniana. As avaliações acústicas da voz e da fluência verbal fonológica foram realizadas no início e 5, 15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos após o ECP ser desligado. Após religar o neuroestimulador estas avaliações foram repetidas aos 5 e 15 minutos. Já as avaliações motora global através do UPDRS III e perceptiva da fala (item 18 da UPDRS III) foram realizadas no início e 5, 30 e 60 minutos após o ECP ser desligado, após religar o neuroestimulador estas avaliações foram repetidas aos 5 minutos. RESULTADOS: Um padrão sequencial de retorno dos sinais parkinsonianos foi observado, com agravamento do tremor e da bradicinesia logo nos primeiros 5 minutos após o ECP desligado, já a rigidez retornou de forma significativa após 30 minutos do aparelho desligado. Os sintomas se estabeleceram quando o ECP foi religado. A fala apresentou melhora significativa após 5 minutos do ECP desligado, apresentando escores semelhantes ao baseline após o aparelho ser religado. O parâmetro acústico Shimmer apresentou melhora significativa nos momentos 30, 45 e 60 minutos após o ECP desligado e também aos 5 minutos após religar o ECP, a proporção ruído-harmônico apresentou piora significativa nos momentos 15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos após o ECP desligado. Os demais parâmetros não apresentaram alteração significativa. Os resultados da fluência verbal não apresentou alteração significativa em nenhum dos momentos testados. CONCLUSÃO: A descontinuação da ECP do NST acarreta um agravamento dos sintomas motores, sendo o tremor o primeiro sintoma a reaparecer seguido da bradicinesia e rigidez. Em contrapartida, pacientes submetidos a este procedimento sofrem de alterações da fala e voz que pioram com estimulador ligado.<br>INTRODUCTION: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a technique used for neurosurgical treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) idiopathic when drug therapy does not achieve its purpose more. However, DBS causes deterioration symptoms phonoarticulatory and verbal fluency. During testing vocal studies showed wide variation in the interval between the deactivation of the DBS and the beginning of the tasks being inconclusive vocal effect. This study aimed to check the voice acoustic, speech, phonologic verbal fluency and motor changes during the on and off states of the subthalamic nucleus (SNT) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). METHODS: Sixteen PD patients with a STN DBS and stable antiparkinsonian medication were evaluated. Voice acoustics and verbal fluency were assessed with DBS on and after 5, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes after the device was turned off and after 5 and 15 minutes of DBS was on again. Motor assessment was done using the UPDRS III and speech perception with the DBS on and after 15, 30, 60 minutes of DBS off and 5 minutes after DBS on again. RESULTS: A sequence pattern was identified for the return of the parkinsonian signs. There is an aggravation of the tremor and bradykinesia after 5 minutes of DBS off while rigidity aggravates after 30 minutes. Speech showed a significant improvement after 5 minutes of DBS off. Symptoms approached baseline 5 minutes after the DBS was turned on. The Shimmer acoustic parameters showed significant improvement after 30 minutes of DBS off and after 5 minutes of DBS on, the noise-harmonic ratio showed significant worsening after 15 minutes of DBS off. The results of verbal fluency did not 13 change significantly in any of the times tested. CONCLUSION: Discontinuation of the DBS of the subthalamic nucleus carries a worsening of motor symptoms, the tremor being the first symptom to reappear followed by bradykinesia and rigidity. In contrast, patients undergoing this procedure suffer from speech and voice changes that worsen with stimulator is turned on.
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Poujois, Aurélia. "Etude IRMf de la plasticité cérébrale des réseaux moteurs et cognitifs dans la Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00700621.
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Ce travail a porté sur les remaniements corticaux précoces des circuits moteurs et extramoteurs dans la SLA grâce à l'étude des activations IRMf issues de tâches motrices et cognitives. La première partie de nos travaux nous a permis de montrer grâce des tâches simples d'activation motrice en IRMf (1) qu'alors que les patients SLA présentaient un déficit moteur discret, une augmentation des activations corticales est apparue dans les aires sensorimotrices bilatérales du cerveau. (2) Ces modifications précoces de l'activité neuronale étaient corrélées à la latéralisation du déficit moteur du membre ou la prédominance manuelle et surtout, (3) au taux de progression de la maladie à un an et à la survie, suggérant que ce remaniement de l'activité qui correspond probablement à de la plasticité cérébrale a des implications fonctionnelles. Enfin, (4) ce phénomène apparaissait actif puisqu'il s'est poursuivi pendant au moins onze mois. Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons montré lors d'une tâche de fluence verbale silencieuse que (1) les SLA présentaient une suractivation initiale des aires dévolues au processus sémantique avec un renforcement de la connectivité fonctionnelle entre les réseaux (CFR). (2) Au bout de onze mois et alors que l'atteinte des fluences était stable, ce phénomène de compensation s'épuisait avec une diminution conjointe de l'activation des réseaux et de la CFR. La tâche de 2-Back, réalisée alors que les patients ne présentaient pas d'atteinte de la mémoire de travail lors des tests psychométriques, nous a permis de montrer en outre que certains circuits non-moteurs se réorganisaient très précocement chez les patients, alors même qu'ils étaient asymptomatiques
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Salgado, Roy. "Counseling Children who Speak a Language in which the Counselor is not Fluent: Play Therapy and Counselor Perceived Self-Efficacy." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2003. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/25.
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This study investigated 9 variables to determine their relationship to the frequency of use of "Play Therapy" or non- verbal counseling techniques by elementary school counselors as well as their relationship to counselor perceived self-efficacy when counseling children who speak a language in which the counselor is not fluent. The notion of placing an emphasis on "Play Therapy" or non- verbal counseling techniques with such a population has emerged as a possible therapeutic intervention when working with individuals from a cultural background which is different from that of the counselor. Researchers in counseling have noted the importance of providing adequate services to diverse populations including those who do not speak a language in which the counselor is fluent. This study was based on the concept that an elementary school counselor's effectiveness when counseling children who speak a language in which the counselor is not fluent is related to the counselor's level of training in non-verbal counseling techniques, level of training in multicultural counseling, years of counseling experience, professional membership affiliations, fluency in other languages, gender, and grade level in which the counselor works. Statistically significant relationships were found with several of the variables including level of training in play therapy, membership in the Association for Play Therapy and American School Counselor Association, and grade level in which the counselor works. Elementary school counselors and counselor educators can utilize the findings of this study to develop and implement programs that teach play therapy and other non-verbal counseling techniques to elementary school counselors. These experiences may help provide better services to diverse populations including those who speak a language in which the counselor is not fluent.
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Senhorini, Maurien Cristiany Tebinka. "Fluência verbal fonológica avaliada através da ressonância magnética funcional com análise de influência de variáveis demográficas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-04112010-160752/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O teste de fluência verbal fonológica é uma tarefa neuropsicológica amplamente utilizada em estudos de neuroimagem funcional que analisam os circuitos neurais relevantes para a produção de linguagem. A maioria dos estudos que utilizam a RMf para analisar as áreas cerebrais de maior ativação durante a tarefa de fluência verbal é realizado na língua inglesa. Embora estudos anteriores tenham demonstrado que dependendo da língua falada possa ocorrer diferença de desempenho na tarefa de fluência verbal, ainda não está claro se esta diferença leva a mudanças do padrão de ativação cerebral. Há indícios na literatura que a ativação cerebral regional durante a tarefa de fluência verbal pode variar com o aumento de dificuldade da tarefa, sendo o cíngulo anterior a área cerebral que parece estar envolvida no processo de adaptação ao grau de dificuldade da tarefa. Estudos com sujeitos saudáveis demonstram também a influência de variáveis demográficas, como idade, escolaridade, gênero e classificação socioeconômica no desempenho na produção de palavras, com alguns estudos reportando maior ativação cortical nos homens em comparação às mulheres. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os efeitos da variação do grau de dificuldade da tarefa de fluência verbal utilizando a técnica de ressonância magnética funcional. Analisar se há correlação entre os dados demográficos e o desempenho na tarefa de fluência verbal. Comparar o padrão de ativação cerebral entre os gêneros. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 21 voluntários saudáveis (12 homens), destros e falantes do português do Brasil como primeira língua. Foram colhidos dados sociodemográficos, neuropsicológicos e de desempenho dos voluntários. Comparamos os achados adquiridos através da técnica de ressonância magnética funcional durante a produção de palavras iniciadas com letras classificadas anteriormente como fáceis e difíceis para produzir palavras na língua portuguesa. As imagens foram adquiridas em aparelho de ressonância magnética de 1,5 T através de uma sequência de aquisição de imagens compressed epi que permite aos sujeitos produzirem as palavras apenas durante o período de silêncio do equipamento. As imagens foram analisadas através do software XBAM para os grupos e para a análise de correlação comportamental. RESULTADOS: A tarefa de fluência verbal engajou circuitos cerebrais incluindo córtex frontal medial e inferior esquerdo, putamen e tálamo (p<0,001). O aumento de dificuldade da tarefa de fluência verbal fonológica na língua portuguesa mostrou-se associado a uma diferença significativa de ativação apenas em uma região cerebral, o cerebelo (maior ativação durante a tarefa realizada com letras mais fáceis). Houve correlações significativas entre o desempenho na tarefa de fluência verbal fonológica na língua portuguesa e o grau de ativação do cíngulo anterior quando foram usadas letras difíceis para produção de palavras, mas não com letras fáceis. Não houve correlação significativa entre os dados demográficos (idade, escolaridade, gênero e classificação socioeconômica) e o desempenho durante a produção de palavras iniciadas com letras fáceis e com letras difíceis. Observamos maior ativação de cíngulo posterior e giro lingual nas mulheres em comparação aos homens durante a produção de palavras iniciadas com letras difíceis e interação positiva entre os gêneros e os graus de dificuldade na região de cíngulo anterior, demonstrando maior ativação do cíngulo anterior nos homens durante a produção de palavras iniciadas com letras difíceis. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar das diferenças lingüísticas, o padrão de ativação cerebral encontrado no nosso estudo foi consistente com o padrão verificado em outras línguas, com recrutamento de múltiplas áreas cerebrais durante a produção de palavras. Na língua portuguesa, assim como na língua inglesa, há indícios de que o aumento de dificuldade da tarefa está associado com maior engajamento de cíngulo anterior. Houve diferenças entre os gêneros em termos do engajamento de áreas cerebrais consideradas críticas para o desempenho na tarefa de fluência verbal fonológica, particularmente no cíngulo anterior<br>INTRODUCTION: Phonological verbal fluency is a neuropsychological test used in numerous functional neuroimaging studies to allow the assessment of the neural circuits relevant to language production. The majority of studies that use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to analyze the cerebral areas with greater activation during the verbal fluency task have been carried out in English. Although there is evidence that the verbal fluency performance varies as a function of the spoken language, it is unclear if this difference is associated with differences in cerebral activation patterns. Added to that, there is neuroimaging evidence that patterns of regional cerebral activation during VF task may vary with task demand. In particular, the anterior cingulate cortex seems critical to the adaptation process to the level of difficult. Studies of healthy individuals have demonstrated the influence of demographic variables, such as age, level of education, gender and socio-economic status, on word production performance, and some authors have shown greater cortical activation in men than in women. OBJECTIVES: To use the fMRI technique to evaluate the effect of varying levels of difficult of verbal fluency task on the brain activation patterns in healthy subjects. To analyze whether there is a significant correlation between demographic variables and verbal fluency performance. To compare cerebral activation patterns between genders. METHODS: We recruited 21 (12 men) right-handed healthy volunteers, having Portuguese as their first language. Demographic, neuropsychological and behavioral data were collected. We compared fMRI data acquired during production of words beginning with letters classified as easy or hard for word production in Portuguese. Images were acquired in 1,5 T magnet through a clustered image acquisition sequence that allowed overt verbal responses to be made in the absence of scanner noise. Data were analyzed through XBAM software on group basis and for behavioral correlation. RESULTS: The phonological verbal fluency task engaged a network including the left inferior and middle frontal cortices, putamen and thalamus (p<0.001). The hard condition was associated with greater anterior cingulate activation than the easy condition when associated with the performance, as previously demonstrated in studies carried out with English speaking subjects. Increased phonological verbal fluency task demand in Portuguese was associated with activation differences in only one brain region, namely the cerebellum (in the direction of greater activation during performance of the task with easy letters). There were significant correlations between phonological verbal fluency task performance in Portuguese and the intensity of anterior cingulate activation, when hard letters to produce words were used (but not with easy letters). There were no significant correlations between demographic variables and the performance during production of words beginning with easy or difficult letters. There was greater activation of the posterior cingulate cortex during the production of words beginning with the difficult letters in women than in men. There was also a significantly positive interaction between gender and level of difficult in anterior cingulate cortex, with men showing greater activation of this brain region during the word production beginning with difficult letters relative to women. CONCLUSIONS: Despite grammatical differences, the patterns of cortical activations observed in our study were in accordance with fMRI studies of phonological verbal fluency task carried out in other languages, with recruitment of a set of distributed cerebral areas during the word production. There is evidence that increased task demand is associated with greater engagement of the anterior cingulate cortex in Portuguese, similarly to the patterns previously observed in English. There were gender differences in regard to the engagement of brain regions seen as critical to verbal fluency performance, particularly in the anterior cingulate cortex
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Saklayen, Sanjida Shoma. "Effects of Propranolol on Cognition and Eye Contact in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269564876.
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Becker, Natália. "Custering e switching em tarefas de fluência verbal semântica e ortográfica : metodologia e desempenho de crianças de 6 a 12 anos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/184500.
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Esta dissertação é composta por dois estudos conduzidos de acordo com a abordagem da Neuropsicologia Cognitiva, a fim de compreender os efeitos da idade, do tipo de escola e tipo de tarefa no desempenho da fluência verbal em crianças de 6 a 12 anos. No primeiro estudo descreveu-se a adaptação ao contexto brasileiro da metodologia para análises dos componentes cognitivos de clustering e switching em tarefas de fluência verbal semântica (FVS) e ortográfica (FVO). Nesse estudo foram descritas as etapas de adaptação, realizada análise de juízes para evidência de fidedignidade do método e disponibilizada a versão final para categorização das variáveis de clustering e switching para clínicos e pesquisadores. O segundo estudo buscou comparar o desempenho quanti e qualitativo (variáveis de clustering e switching) de três grupos etários de crianças (6-8 anos, 9-10 anos e 11-12 anos) de dois tipos de escola (pública e privada) em duas tarefas de fluência verbal (semântica e ortográfica), e ainda verificar associações entre as variáveis de desempenho da fluência verbal, idade e desempenho em tarefas de linguagem, memória de trabalho e de funções executivas. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos desempenhos quanti e qualitativos nos diferentes grupos etários e nos tipos de tarefas, mas não foram encontrados efeitos do tipo de escola. Na FVO o grupo de 11-12 anos apresentou desempenho superior aos demais, com aumento do número de clusters e de switches, o que parece estar associado à maturação das funções executivas. Na FVS as diferenças de desempenho aparecem já entre os grupos mais jovens, mas também se verifica mudanças nas variáveis referentes à recuperação estratégica (números de clusters e de switches). Todos os participantes apresentaram melhor desempenho na FVS em relação à FVO. Encontrou-se associação entre os desempenhos das variáveis de clustering e switching com o número de palavras evocadas em ambas as tarefas de FV, assim como com a idade e com o desempenho nas tarefas de linguagem, memória de trabalho e funções executivas. A presente dissertação destaca a importância de estudar os processamentos subjacentes ao desempenho em tarefas de FV, pois auxiliam a compreender quais habilidades neuropsicológicas estão envolvidas nas estratégias de evocação lexical, podendo ser úteis no prognóstico e no planejamento de intervenções em distúrbios neuropsicológicos/neuropsiquiátricos durante a infância.<br>This thesis consists of two studies conducted in accordance with the approach of Cognitive Neuropsychology, in order to understand the effects of age, type of school and type of task in verbal fluency (VF) performance in 6-12 years old children. The first study described the adaptation to the Brazilian context of the methodology for clustering and switching analysis in semantic (SVF) and phonemic (PVF) verbal fluency task. This study described the fitting process, performed analysis of judges for reliability evidence and presented the final version for clustering and switching variables to clinicians and researchers. The second study compared the quantitative and qualitative performance (clustering and switching variables) of three age groups of children (6-8 years, 9-10 years and 11-12 years), two types of school (public and private) and two verbal fluency tasks (semantic and phonemic), verified associations between verbal fluency performance on general scores and clustering e switching scores, age and performance on language, working memory and executive functions tasks. Age and type of tasks had a significant effect in the general and clustering and switching scores, but we haven’t found type of school effects on the variables. PVF performance improved at 11-12 years and appears to be associated with the maturation of executive functions, by the increasing of number of clusters and number of switches. SVF performance differences have already appeared among younger groups, but also observed changes in variables related to strategic recovery. All participants performed better in SVF regarding the PVF. An association was found in the performance of clustering and switching scores with the number of words retrieved in both VF tasks, as well as age and performance on language, working memory and executive functions tasks. This work highlights the importance of studying the underlying cognitive processes on the performance of VF tasks. Understanding these cognitive processes may be useful tools to investigate the prognosis and to plane neuropsychological interventions in neuropsychiatric disorders during childhood.
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Higgins, Dane Allen. "A Neuropsychological Investigation of Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Reactivity to Verbal and Spatial Fluency Tasks: Testing a New Model of Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Regulation and Disease." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27628.
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One hundred twenty-six right-handed undergraduate men and women underwent physiological measurements of SBP, DBP, and HR before and after verbal and figural fluency tasks, used as stressors. Dynamic and functional cerebral regulation of cardiovascular reactivity was assessed, specifically, the role that the frontal lobes have in regulating SBP, DBP, and HR in men and women. Sex differences in the functional cerebral regulation of these cardiovascular factors were predicted. Hostility was assessed in these participants, using the Cook-Medley Hostility Inventory (6 total groups of 21 participants each: high-, mid-, and low-hostile participants were identified). Sex and group (hostility) differences were predicted, as well as task (fluency type) differences. Comparisons were also made from a time estimation task (30 and 180 seconds), and the effect that womenâ s menstrual cycle had on fluency. The MCSDS and the STAI were administered.
The principal findings of the current investigation were that the verbal fluency task raised SBP across sex and group, that both stressors raised SBP or DBP in different patterns (no sex differences were found), while stressors interacted with both sex and group. High-hostile men performed better on the first trial of the verbal fluency test compared to low-hostile men, while high-hostile women performed worse on the first trial of the verbal fluency test, compared to low-hostile women. Men perseverated more on each trial of the verbal fluency test, while women perseverated less across trials. High-hostile menâ s time perception seems to be more rapid than low-hostile men, while for women it is the opposite. Women reported significantly more stress from the figural fluency task than men. Women in the luteal phase of menstruation did better on the verbal fluency test than women in the follicular phase of menstruation, and hostility and menstrual phase interact with verbal fluency.
This study encourages the consideration of neuropsychological sex differences in order to better understand cardiovascular regulation mechanisms and disease, leading to the development of improved prevention and behavioral management programs. Findings supporting this idea may bring about a new research focus, as some forms of cardiovascular disease may be more appropriately investigated as arising from neuropsychological problems.<br>Ph. D.
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Góes, Viviane Borim de [UNESP]. "Desempenho dos potenciais relacionados a evento e do controle vagal da frequência cardíaca após tarefa executiva de linguagem." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153080.
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Previous issue date: 2018-02-28<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>O processamento da informação auditiva é item fundamental para a função social, de modo a estar envolvido com domínios cognitivos como a função executiva, memória e linguagem. Isso permite ao indivíduo compreensão da linguagem e contribui posteriormente para expressão da mesma durante a comunicação. Nesse mesmo contexto, durante a situação comunicativa, a mesma é modulada pelo organismo por meio do funcionamento do sistema nervoso autônomo. Esse sistema também se relaciona com a cognição e esta, por sua vez, é fundamental para a aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem. Em tarefa executiva de linguagem ocorre o envolvimento dos domínios cognitivos acima citados. Dessa maneira, sugere-se que o processamento da informação auditiva se relaciona com o controle autonômico da frequência cardíaca e que tarefa executiva de linguagem pode modificar o desempenho dos potenciais relacionados a evento, de modo a representar maior esforço cognitivo, resultando em menor atividade da modulação parassimpática. Objetivos: Investigar a relação entre os potenciais relacionados a evento e a modulação parassimpática da frequência cardíaca antes e após tarefa executiva de linguagem e verificar os efeitos de tal tarefa. Método: Participaram desta pesquisa 42 mulheres saudáveis entre 18 e 30 anos de idade, com ensino médio completo, divididas em dois grupos: fonológico (n=21) e semântico (n=21). Após a colocação da cinta do cardiofrequencímetro na região do processo xifoide, a voluntária foi orientada a permanecer 10 minutos em repouso, sendo realizado os registros da frequência cardíaca. Em seguida, na primeira fase considerada pré-teste, foi iniciado o registro dos potenciais relacionados a evento com estimulação binaural nos parâmetros de frequência (1KHz/ 2KHz) paradigma oddball, concomitante ao registro da frequência cardíaca. Após, na segunda fase considerada teste, a tarefa executiva de linguagem foi realizada por meio do teste de fluência verbal fonológica para o grupo fonológico e teste de fluência verbal semântica para o grupo semântico. Na terceira fase considerada pós-teste, os registros dos potenciais relacionados a evento e da frequência cardíaca foram realizados utilizando os mesmos protocolos descritos na fase pré-teste. Resultados: Houve correlação da latência de P3 com o índice pNN50 no grupo fonológico pós-teste de fluência verbal fonológica (p=0,036). Na comparação dos potenciais relacionados a evento entre os momentos pré e pós-teste, foi observado diferença média e estatisticamente significante entre a latência de P3 após teste de fluência verbal fonológica, no grupo fonológico (p=0,020). Na comparação da modulação parassimpática da frequência cardíaca entre os momentos repouso, pré e pós-teste, houve diferença entre os índices RMSSD (p=0,007), pNN50 (p=0,035) e SD1 (p=0,007) após teste de fluência verbal fonológica, no grupo fonológico. Conclusão: Houve associação entre os potenciais relacionados a evento com a modulação parassimpática da frequência cardíaca após tarefa executiva de linguagem, em específico o teste de fluência verbal fonológica. Este teste, por sua vez, de forma significante, aumentou a latência de P3 e diminuiu a modulação parassimpática da frequência cardíaca.<br>The processing of auditory information is a fundamental element for the social function, involved with cognitive domains such as executive function, memory and language. This allows the individual to understand the language and subsequently contributes to its expression during communication. In the same context, during the communicative situation, it is modulated by the organism through the functioning of the autonomic nervous system. This system is also related to cognition and this, in turn, is fundamental for the acquisition and development of language. In the executive task of language, the involvement of the cognitive domains mentioned above occurs. Thus, it is suggested that the auditory information processing is related to the autonomic control of the heart rate and that the executive task of language can modify the performance of the event-related potentials, in order to represent greater cognitive effort, resulting in less activity of the parasympathetic modulation. Objective: To investigate the relationship between event-related potentials and the parasympathetic heart rate modulation before and after language task and verify the effects of such a task. Method: We analyzed 42 healthy women between 18 and 30 years of age with complete high school, were divided into two groups: phonological (n = 21) and semantic (n = 21). After placement of the cardiofrequency measuring strap in the xiphoid process region, the volunteer was instructed to remain at rest for 10 minutes, and heart rate records were performed. Then, in the first phase considered as a pre-test, the event-related potentials with binaural stimulation were started in the frequency parameters (1KHz/ 2KHz) oddball paradigm, concomitant to heart rate recording. After, the second phase, the executive task of language was performed using the phonological verbal fluency test for the phonological group and the semantic verbal fluency test for the semantic group. In the third phase considered post-test, the register the event-related potential and heart rate were performed using the same protocols described in the pre-test phase. Results: There was a correlation between the latency of P3 and the pNN50 index in the phonological group post-test of phonological verbal fluency (p = 0.036). In the comparison of the event-related potentials between the pre- and post-test moments, a mean and statistically significant difference between the P3 latency after phonological verbal fluency test was observed in the phonological group (p = 0.020). There was a difference between the RMSSD (p = 0.007), pNN50 (p = 0.035) and SD1 (p = 0.007) indices in the comparison of the parasympathetic heart rate modulation between the resting, pre and post-test moments phonological verbal fluency, in the phonological group. Conclusion: There was association between the event-related potentials with the parasympathetic heart rate modulation after executive language task, specifically the phonological verbal fluency test. This test, in turn, significantly increased P3 latency and decreased parasympathetic heart rate modulation.
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Toazza, Rudineia. "Perfil neuropsicolinguístico de adolescentes com ou sem transtorno de ansiedade : um estudo de casos e controles." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/55076.
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Introdução: Os transtornos de ansiedade na infância e adolescência são extremamente comuns e incapacitantes. Embora algumas das suas características neuropsicológicas já tenham sido descritas, a maioria dos processos mentais subjacentes envolvidos na sua fisiopatologia ainda não foram elucidados. Objetivo: Investigar as características neuropsicolinguísticas de adolescentes com e sem transtornos de ansiedade selecionados a partir de uma amostra da comunidade. Métodos: Foram incluídos nesse estudo adolescentes com idades entre 12 e 18 anos, provenientes de escolas públicas da rede da abrangência do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto. O diagnóstico psiquiátrico foi realizado utilizando o instrumento K-SADS-PL. Para avaliação dos domínios neuropsicológicos de orientação, atenção, percepção, memória, aritmética, linguagem, praxias, funções executivas (fluência verbal e resolução de problemas) foi utilizada a Bateria de Avaliação Neuropsicológica Breve NEUPSILIN. Resultados: Um total de 58 adolescentes (25 casos e 34 controles) foram incluídos nessa amostra. Resultados dos testes multivariados da MANCOVA revelaram um efeito principal dos transtornos de ansiedade nos domínios cognitivos avaliados (F=2,246; p=0,039). Análises complementares revelaram que adolescentes com transtornos de ansiedade tiveram pior desempenho no teste de fluência verbal fonêmica em comparação ao grupo controle, com um tamanho de efeito moderado, d=1,21 (IC95% 0,91-1,50, p <0,001). Uma análise qualitativa desse achado revela um menor número de palavras recuperadas corretamente na tarefa e menor número de permutação em indivíduos com ansiedade se comparados aos controles. Não foram encontradas outras diferenças nas demais dimensões investigadas neste estudo. Conclusão: foram encontradas evidências preliminares de uma associação entre o desempenho na tarefa de fluência verbal fonêmica (acesso lexical e funções executivas) e transtornos de ansiedade em adolescentes. Isso pode representar uma evidência de um déficit cognitivo de funções mais complexas de processamento em uma tarefa tempo-dependente.<br>Introduction: anxiety disorders are extremely common and impairing psychiatric conditions. Although some neuropsychological characteristics have already been described, most of the underlying mental processes involved in its pathophysiology are still to be investigated. Objetive: Investigate a broad range of neuropsychological characteristics in adolescents with and without anxiety disorders selected from a community sample. Methods: Were included in this study adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years, from public schools of the scope of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Psychiatric diagnosis was performed with K-SADS-PL. We used a neuropsychological battery of tasks addressing major neuropsychological domains – Brazilian Brief Neuropsychological Assessment Battery NEUPSILIN: orienting, attention, perception, memory, arithmetic, language, praxis, and executive functions (verbal fluency and problem solving). Results: A total of 58 adolescents (25 cases and 34 controls) were included in this study. Results from the multivariate tests of the MANCOVA reveal a main effect of anxiety disorders in the neurocognitive domains evaluated (F=2.246; p-value=0.039). Post-hoc analyses reveal that phonemic verbal fluency was markedly different between cases and controls, with a moderate effect size, d=1.21 (CI95% 0.91-1.50; p<0.001). Supplementary qualitative analysis reveals a lower number of retrieved correct words and lower number of switches in subjects with anxiety if compared to controls in this specific task. We found no other significant differences in the remaining seven dimensions investigated in this study. Conclusion: we found preliminary evidence of an association between phonemic verbal fluency and anxiety disorders. This may represent an evidence of a high order cognitive deficit in time-dependent tasks involving performance.
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Shareef, Zeinab. "Ordflöde och läsförmåga hos studenter med och utan dyslexi : En undersökning av FAS, djurflöde och verbflöde." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Logopedi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-369667.
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Bakgrund och syfte. Ordflödestest undersöker en persons förmåga att generera så många ord som möjligt under en minut. Orden kan börja på en viss bokstav eller tillhöra en särskild kategori. FAS är ett vanligt ordflödestest där orden som ska genereras börjar på bokstäverna F, A och S. Exempel på kategoriska ordflödestest är djurflöde, som går ut på att säga så många djur som möjligt, samt verbflöde där instruktionen är att säga så många saker man kan göra (handlingar). Forskare har undersökt vilka mentala färdigheter som ligger till grund för ordflödesförmågan, framför allt planerande och reglerande (exekutiva) funktioner samt språklig förmåga. I forskning används ofta FAS och djurflöde för att undersöka olika delar av den språkliga förmågan. Även verbflöde har undersökts i dessa sammanhang, men inte i lika stor utsträckning. Däremot har verbflöde en större roll i forskning på planerande och reglerande funktioner hos äldre personer som har exempelvis Alzheimers eller Parkinson. Forskningen har lett till att ordflödestest används i kliniska sammanhang som en del i utredningen av dessa sjukdomar. I praktiken används även FAS och djurflöde vid utredningar av dyslexi, språkstörning och koncentrations-/hyperaktivitetssvårigheter (ADHD). Forskning har visat motstridiga resultat om vilka typer av ordflödestest som är nedsatta vid dyslexi och språkstörning, eller vilka mentala förmågor som är viktiga vid genomförande av ordflödestest. I denna studie undersöks FAS, djurflöde och verbflöde hos studenter inom högre utbildning med och utan dyslexi. Syftet är att utreda om ordflödesförmågan är nedsatt hos studenter med dyslexi. Studien undersöker om ordflöde kan bidra till att förklara spridningen i läsförmåga. Metod. I undersökningen deltog 42 studenter, varav 16 hade dyslexidiagnos och 26 kontroller utan dyslexidiagnos. Deltagarna genomförde test som undersöker läsförmåga, fonologisk förmåga, snabb benämning samt ordflöde av FAS, djur och verb. Resultat. Prestationen på ordflödesförmåga var signifikant nedsatt hos studenter med dyslexi jämfört med kontrollgruppen. En multipel regression med bakåteliminering genomfördes för att undersöka om FAS, djurflöde och verbflöde kunde förutsäga spridningen i läsförmåga när fonologisk medvetenhet och snabb benämning kontrollerades för. Regressionsanalysen visade att verbflöde, tillsammans med fonologisk medvetenhet, kunde förutsäga läsförmåga hos studenter med och utan dyslexi. Diskussion. Den nedsatta ordflödesförmågan hos studenter med dyslexi diskuteras utifrån faktorer som utbildning och andra mentala förmågor. Resultatet pekar på ett unikt samband mellan verbflöde och läsförmåga hos studenter med och utan dyslexi. De strukturer i hjärnan som aktiveras vid verbflöde är även strukturer som ligger till grund för andra mentala förmågor. Dessa mentala förmågor har även visats vara nedsatta hos personer med dyslexi. Generellt indikerar dessa nya fynd att verbflöde har en betydelse i förhållande till läsförmåga och dyslexi som behöver undersökas vidare. Resultatet diskuteras även utifrån ett kliniskt perspektiv.<br>Verbal fluency is commonly measured in cognitive assessments and has been shown to measure aspects of verbal ability and executive function, as well as to involve specific cortical areas during performance. Verbal fluency tasks, in which participants generate words during a given time limit, have been used in research and assessments of neurobiological disorders and impairments. Dyslexia is a neurobiologically based reading disorder that is characterized by difficulties in word decoding and spelling. Research on verbal fluency in individuals with dyslexia shows that semantic and letter fluency is impaired. However, studies show inconsistent results. This study examines performance on semantic fluency (animals), action fluency (verbs), and letter fluency (FAS) in 42 students with developmental dyslexia (DD, n = 16) and a control group with typical reading development (TD, n = 26). Participants also perform a test battery that measures reading and phonological abilities, amongst others. Additionally, it is examined if verbal fluency performance can contribute to predicting reading ability, when phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming (RAN) are taken into account. Results show that verbal fluency performance was impaired in the DD group, and that action and letter fluency were relatively more impaired than semantic fluency. A backward elimination regression showed that action fluency and phonological awareness were significant predictors of reading ability, together explaining 48 % of the variance. The impaired verbal fluency ability is discussed in relation to factors such as education and cognitive abilities. Further, the findings point to a possible unique connection between action fluency and reading ability in students, in addition to phonological awareness. The possibility that the relationship between action fluency and reading may be partly explained by common neurocognitive underpinnings is discussed. These novel findings indicate that action fluency has a pertinent role in reading ability and dyslexia, which should be further examined.
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Bjarnason, Erin Suzanne. "The Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation on the Speech of Patients with Parkinson's Disease." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1324.
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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has received more attention in recent years as a treatment option for regulating the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Previous studies of DBS documented consistent improvements in motor function but more variability in speech outcomes. In the present study, six participants diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease who reported worsened speech with stimulation were recorded performing speech acoustic tasks with the stimulators on, and again with the stimulators off. Improvements were noted for most participants in measurements of formant slopes, long term average spectrum (LTAS) of a sustained vowel, and spirantization with stimulation on. Stimulation negatively affected most participants' vowel space area, verbal fluency, sequential motion rate, and LTAS while reading and describing a picture. Measures of stop gap duration, alternating motion rate, and voice onset time were within normal limits for most participants across both stimulation conditions.
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Saint-Onge, Kadia. "Dysfonction exécutive liée aux cauchemars idiopathiques fréquents : une étude de reproduction." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11668.
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Papežová, Vanda. "Odhad normativních hodnot pro test sémantické verbální fluence u seniorů nad 50 let." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-447396.
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Title: Estimation of normative values for the semantic verbal fluency test in older adults over 50 Objective: The aim of the diploma thesis was to create normative values for the semantic verbal fluency test (animal category) for older adults over 50 years, depending on the level of education achieved. Methods: The diploma thesis is constructed as a cross-sectional study. All data were obtained from the international project Survey of Health Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The descriptive statistics of participants were produced with calculated means and standard deviation for continuous variables and percentage for categorical variables. The median and interquartile range for age and semantic verbal fluency test (animal category), and 2nd , 7th , and 16th percentile as the cut-off points for verbal fluency test (animal category) were calculated for participants divided into ISCED - 97 education levels and for each country separately. Results: Data from 64,242 participants aged 66.4 were analyzed, and the female ratio was 55.8 %. All respondents were older adults over 50 years old from 20 European countries. Figures and tables show that all percentiles as cut-off points increased linearly with levels of education. Other result is that the performance in the test gradually decreased with...