Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fluctuations in output

Academic literature on the topic 'Fluctuations in output'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fluctuations in output"

1

Campbell, John Y., and N. Gregory Mankiw. "Are Output Fluctuations Transitory?" Quarterly Journal of Economics 102, no. 4 (November 1987): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1884285.

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Li, Chol-Won. "Growth and Output Fluctuations." Scottish Journal of Political Economy 47, no. 2 (May 2000): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9485.00155.

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Yahia, Abdusalam F. "Sectoral Output Response to Fluctuations of Oil Exports in Algeria." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 5, no. 6 (December 2014): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijtef.2014.v5.429.

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Liu, Xuan, Yan Jia, and Fei Zhao. "The Method of Suppress the Output Power Fluctuations of Off-Grid Wind Power Systems." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.479.

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As the wind is random and intermittent, the output power of the wind turbine will also be changing, causing the generator output power fluctuation and voltage fluctuation, flicker, and early deterioration of battery. In order to improve the stability of the off-grid power systems, power quality, and better to protect the energy storage devices, the paper analyzes the main factors of the impact of fluctuations in output power from the off-grid wind power systems and energy storage technology to mitigate the off-grid wind turbine power fluctuations.
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Bental, Benjamin, and Benjamin Eden. "Reserve requirements and output fluctuations." Journal of Monetary Economics 49, no. 8 (November 2002): 1597–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3932(02)00177-0.

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Ghiglino, Christian, and Alain Venditti. "Wealth distribution and output fluctuations." Journal of Economic Theory 146, no. 6 (November 2011): 2478–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2011.06.004.

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Moser, Debra K., Susan K. Frazier, Mary A. Woo, and Linda K. Daley. "Normal Fluctuations in Pulmonary Artery Pressures and Cardiac Output in Patients with Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction." European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 1, no. 2 (June 2002): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-51510200013-0.

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Background: One barrier to accurate interpretation of changes in hemodynamic pressures and cardiac output is lack of data about what constitutes a normal fluctuation. Few investigators have examined normal fluctuations in these parameters and none have done so in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Aims: To describe normal fluctuations in pulmonary artery pressures and cardiac output in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Methods: Hemodynamically stable advanced heart failure patients ( N=39; 55±6 years old; 62% male) with left ventricular dysfunction (mean ejection fraction 22±5%) were studied. Cardiac output and pulmonary artery pressures were measured every 15 min for 2 h. Results: Mean±standard deviation fluctuations were as follows: pulmonary artery systolic pressure=7±4 mmHg; pulmonary artery diastolic pressure=6±3 mmHg; pulmonary capillary wedge pressure=5±3 mmHg; cardiac output=0.7±0.3 l/min. The coefficient of variation for fluctuations in pulmonary artery systolic pressure was 6.7%, in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure was 9.3%, in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was 9.2%, and in cardiac output was 7.2%. Conclusions: Values that vary <8% for pulmonary artery systolic pressure, <11% for pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, <12% for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and <9% for cardiac output from baseline represent normal fluctuations in these parameters in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.
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Qiu, Jian Ming, Yi Xin Xu, Jin Jin Lu, Ji Zhen Liu, and Yan Bai. "Wind Farm Active Load Allocation Scheme Considering Wind Speed Fluctuations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 1323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.1323.

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According to the structure and information flow of the active control system of large-scale wind farm, a load allocation scheme is proposed considering the wind speed fluctuations within the cluster, i.e. deciding the de-load depth of each turbine according to wind speed fluctuation when the farm is running under AGC mode, using wind turbine generator (WTG) de-load ability to reduce the impacts of wind speed fluctuations on the entire wind farm output. Use particle swarm optimization, prediction of WTG generation, wind speed fluctuation condition, wind scheduling instruction information to calculate the WTG de-load depth risk factors, and get the de-load power order distribution scheme. A simulation of 10 2MW WTGs shows that, load allocation scheme considering the wind speed fluctuations can reflect the relationship effectively between wind speed condition and output reliability, and promote the stability of wind farm output.
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Juan, ZHAO. "Sectoral Fluctuations and Macro-economic Fluctuation: Based on Input-Output Matrix." Energy Procedia 5 (2011): 1898–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.03.326.

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Bresnahan, T. F., and V. A. Ramey. "Output Fluctuations at the Plant Level." Quarterly Journal of Economics 109, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 593–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2118415.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fluctuations in output"

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Thomas, Luis Eduardo Arango. "On the character of output fluctuations in Colombia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364228.

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Cuevas, Víctor Manuel. "Sources of inflation and output fluctuations in the Mexican economy /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841274.

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Fabiani, Silvia. "Technological change and output fluctuations : an empirical analysis for the G7 countries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313897.

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Ragacs, Christian, Thomas Steinberger, and Martin Zagler. "Growth theories and the persistence of output fluctuations. The case of Austria." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1998. http://epub.wu.ac.at/212/1/document.pdf.

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The paper analyses the degree of output persistence in GDP in order to empirically discriminate between the Solow growth model, the perfect competition endogenous growth model, the imperfect competition endogenous growth model, and the subcase of a multiple equilibria model of endogenous growth for the case of Austria. We find that a temporary shock in the growth rate of output induces a permanent and larger effect on the level of GDP. This leads us to refute the Solow growth model and the perfect competition model. We find strong empirical support for the imperfect competition growth model, but cannot fully rule out the possibility of multiple equilibria growth rates.
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Ghasemi, Sima. "An Analysis of the Effects of Exchange Fluctuations on Employment, Output and Productivity in Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23643.

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Since the adoption of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Canadian dollar has come to be regarded as a petro-currency. Consequently, rising prices of oil and gas (as well as other natural resources) would increase capital inflows that would lead to a higher exchange rate and contribute to the decimation of the export-oriented Canadian manufacturing sector by making Canadian products less competitive internationally. Some have argued that the Canadian economy has started to show symptoms related to the Dutch Disease. One important symptom is the slow rate of productivity growth, which consequently leads to the theory that Canada’s productivity performance depends significantly on the foreign exchange value of the domestic currency. This dissertation attempts to address these issues and seeks to solve the question of whether the Canadian economy is suffering from the Dutch Disease, as well as whether or not movements of the Canadian dollar are responsible for the low Canadian productivity growth since the 1990s.
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Onyejiuwa, Daniel Chibueze [Verfasser]. "Exchange Rate Fluctuations, Interest Rate Instability and Manufacturing Sector Output in Nigeria (1986 – 2017) / Daniel Chibueze Onyejiuwa." München : GRIN Verlag, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218365773/34.

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Mbiti, Titus Kivaa Peter, and tkivaap@yahoo com. "A System Dynamics Model of Construction Output in Kenya." RMIT University. Property Construction & Project Management, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081211.160910.

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This study investigates fluctuations of construction output, and growth of the output in Kenya. Fluctuation and growth of construction activity are matters of concern in construction industries of many countries in the developing as well as in the developed world. The construction industry of Kenya is therefore an exemplifying case for this phenomenon. Construction activity in Kenya fluctuates excessively and grows very slowly. This remains a big challenge to policy makers, developers, consultants and contractors in their decision-making processes. In this study, systems thinking was applied to investigate the problem of excessive fluctuations and stunted growth of construction output in Kenya. The study developed a system dynamics model to simulate the construction output problem behaviour. The historical behaviour of the construction industry was described using construction output data of a 40-year period - from 1964 to 2003. Line graphs of the historical data exhibited profiles that helped to identify the system archetypes operating in the industry. From the profiles, it was deduced that the problem of fluctuations and slow growth of construction output in Kenya is encapsulated in two system archetypes, namely: balancing process with a delay, and limits to growth. The relationship between construction output and its determinant factors from the constru ction industry's environment was investigated using time series regression, which involved autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) regression and multiple regression modelling of the output. On the basis of the historical data analysis and the system archetypes identified, a system dynamics (SD) model was developed to replicate the problem of fluctuations and slow growth in the construction output. The data used to develop the system dynamics model was annual construction output in Kenya from 1964 to 2003. The model was then used: to appraise policy changes suggested by construction industry participants in Kenya, and to project construction output in Kenya from year 2004 to year 2050, in order to establish the expected future fluctuations and growth trends of the construction output. It was observed that three fundamental changes are necessary in the system structure of the construction industry of Kenya, in order to minimize fluctuations and foster growth in construction output in the country, in the long run. The changes are: setting long-term targets of annual construction output in the industry as a whole, incorporating reserve capacity in the production process, and expanding the system st ructure to capture a larger construction market. The study recommends regulation of the response of the construction industry of Kenya to changes in construction demand in the market, and expansion of the construction industry's market into the African region and beyond.
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Kukuvec, Anja, and Harald Oberhofer. "The propagation of business sentiment within the European Union." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6003/1/wp257.pdf.

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This paper empirically investigates the propagation of business sentiment within the European Union (EU) and adds to the literature on shock absorption via a common market's real economy. To this end, we combine EU-wide official business sentiment indicators with world input-output (IO) data and information on indirect wage costs. Econometrically, we model interdependencies in economic activities via IO-linkages and apply space-time models. The resulting evidence provides indication for the existence of substantial spillovers in business sentiment formation. Accordingly, and highlighted by the estimated impacts of changes in indirect labor costs, policy reforms aiming at increasing the resilience of the European single market need to take these spillovers into account in order to increase its effectiveness.
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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"Growth theories and the persistence of output fluctuations." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, 1998. http://epub.wu-wien.ac.at/dyn/dl/wp/epub-wu-01_165.

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Chun-HaoChen and 陳俊豪. "Empirical study on the comovement of credit cycles and aggregate output fluctuations." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12529884844579069849.

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碩士
國立成功大學
經濟學系碩博士班
98
The banking system plays the role of financial intermediation to channel the funds from the hands of depositors to firms and other investors. The intermediary function of the banking system may promote the efficiency in allocating scarce financial resources to the needy hands; it is also potential source of disturbance to the macroeconomy. In order to avoid default risk to protect the value of their loan assets, banks usually make subjective risk evaluation in their credit granting processes. As a result, once banks change their subjective risk evaluations and alter credit standards, it will disturb funding availability to the firms and hence the macroeconomic performance. This study adopts Bernanke and Blinder’s (1988) model and incorporates indicator of bank credit (risk) standard to investigate the effects of changes in bank credit standard on the performance of macroeconomy. As bank credit standard reflect enterprises’ external finance premium, this paper uses the spread of Baa and Aaa company bonds as a proxy indicator for bank credit standard. The empirical results show that an increase in bank credit standard has negative impact on output and price. Moreover, an equivalent magnitude change in bank credit standard and interest rate will create almost equal disturbance to aggregate output. A further exploration was made splitting the data into periods of credit contraction and expansion to investigate whether change in credit standard has symmetric effects in these two periods. The empirical results indicate that increases in credit standard produce more profound and prolonged impacts to aggregate output in the expansion period than in contraction period.
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Books on the topic "Fluctuations in output"

1

Li, Chol-Won. Growth and output fluctuations. Glasgow: University of Glasgow, Department of Economics., 1998.

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Zimmermann, Klaus F., ed. Output and Employment Fluctuations. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57989-9.

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Caballero, Ricardo J. Price rigidities, asymmetries, and output fluctuations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992.

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Bresnahan, Timothy F. Output fluctuations at the plant level. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992.

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Agénor, Pierre-Richard. Contagion, bank lending spreads, and output fluctuations. Washington, DC: World Bank, World Bank Institute, Economic Policy and Poverty Reduction, 1999.

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Bacchetta, Philippe. Do capital market imperfections exacerbate output fluctuations? London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1996.

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Agénor, Pierre-Richard. Contagion, bank lending spreads, and output fluctuations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.

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Kaskarelis, Ioannis A. Output fluctuations in the Group of Five economies. London: Birkbeck College, 1989.

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Fund, International Monetary. Output fluctuations and monetary shocks: Evidence from Colombia. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Research Department, 1991.

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Caballero, Ricardo J. Heterogeneity and output fluctuations in a dynamic menu-cost economy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fluctuations in output"

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Zimmermann, Klaus F. "Output and Employment Fluctuations." In Output and Employment Fluctuations, 3–5. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57989-9_2.

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Zimmermann, Klaus F. "Prefatory Note." In Output and Employment Fluctuations, 1. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57989-9_1.

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Kähler, Juergen, and Volker Marnet. "International Business Cycles and Long-Run Growth: An Analysis with Markov-Switching and Cointegration Methods." In Output and Employment Fluctuations, 157–75. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57989-9_10.

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Wolters, Jürgen. "Persistence and Seasonality in Output and Employment of the Federal Republic of Germany." In Output and Employment Fluctuations, 179–97. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57989-9_11.

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Tschernig, Rolf, and Klaus F. Zimmermann. "Illusive Persistence in German Unemployment." In Output and Employment Fluctuations, 199–211. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57989-9_12.

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Gaab, Werner, and Olaf Liedtke. "On the Long-run Relationship Between Money, Output and Interest Rates: A Cointegration Analysis for West Germany." In Output and Employment Fluctuations, 213–29. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57989-9_13.

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Kräger, Horst. "Modelling Cyclical Asymmetry in a Production Series Using Threshold Autoregressive Models." In Output and Employment Fluctuations, 231–44. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57989-9_14.

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Kräger, Horst. "Summary of Articles." In Output and Employment Fluctuations, 245–49. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57989-9_15.

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Flaig, Gebhard. "Demand Uncertainty and Labour Input in a Bivariate ARCH-M Model." In Output and Employment Fluctuations, 9–22. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57989-9_3.

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Pfeiffer, Friedhelm, and Winfried Pohlmeier. "Income, Uncertainty and the Probability of Self-Employment." In Output and Employment Fluctuations, 23–39. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57989-9_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fluctuations in output"

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Routoure, J. M., D. Fadil, S. Flament, and L. Méchin. "A low-noise high output impedance DC current source." In NOISE AND FLUCTUATIONS: 19th International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations; ICNF 2007. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2759712.

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Jahromi, Amir Abiri, Alireza Majzoobi, Amin Khodaei, Shay Bahramirad, Liuxi Zhang, Aleksi Paaso, Muhidin Lelic, and Dennis Flinn. "Battery Energy Storage Requirements for Mitigating PV Output Fluctuations." In 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope.2018.8571396.

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Hasan, A. G. M. Rakibul, and M. R. I. Sheikh. "Smoothening of wind farm output fluctuations using new pitch controller." In 2016 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Computer & Telecommunication Engineering (ICECTE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecte.2016.7879616.

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Simoen, E., B. J. O'Sullivan, R. Ritzenthaler, E. Dentoni Litta, T. Schram, N. Horiguchi, V. Machkaoutsan, P. Fazan, and Y. Li. "Improving the low-frequency noise performance of input/output DRAM peripheral pMOSFETs." In 2017 International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnf.2017.7985963.

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Cunefare, Kenneth A., Nalin Verma, Alper Erturk, Ellen Skow, Jeremy Savor, and Martin Cacan. "Energy Harvesting From Hydraulic Pressure Fluctuations." In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-7926.

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State-of-the-art hydraulic hose and piping systems employ integral sensor nodes for structural health monitoring in order to avoid catastrophic failures. These systems lend themselves to energy harvesting for powering sensor nodes. The foremost reason is that the power intensity of hydraulic systems is orders of magnitude higher than typical energy harvesting sources considered to date, such as wind turbulence, water flow, or vibrations of civil structures. Hydraulic systems inherently have a high energy intensity associated with the mean pressure and flow. Accompanying the mean pressure is what is termed dynamic pressure ripple caused by the action of pumps and actuators. Pressure ripple is conducive to energy harvesting as it is a deterministic source with an almost periodic time domain behavior. Pressure ripple generally increases in magnitude with the mean pressure of the system, which in turn increases the power that can be harvested. The harvested energy in hydraulic systems could enable self-powered wireless sensor nodes for applications such as energy-autonomous structural health monitoring and prognosis. An energy harvester prototype was designed for generating low-power electricity from dynamic pressure ripples. The prototype employed an axially-poled off-the-shelf piezoelectric stack. A housing isolated the stack from the hydraulic fluid while maintaining mechanical coupling to the system to allow for dynamic pressure induced deflection of the stack. The system exhibits an attractive off-resonance energy harvesting problem since the fundamental resonance of the piezoelectric stack is much higher than the frequency content of ripple. Although the energy harvester is not excited at resonance, the high energy intensity of the ripple results in significant electrical power output. The prototype provided a maximum output of 1.2 mW at 120Ω. With these results, it is clear that the energy harvester provides non-negligible power output suitable for powering sensors and other low power components. This work also presents electromechanical model simulations for predicting the piezoelectric power output in terms of the force transmitted from the pressure ripple as well as experimental characterization of the power output as a function of the force from the ripple.
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Hoffmann, Michael H. W. "Excess Noise In The Output Of Linear Fluctuating Systems." In UNSOLVED PROBLEMS OF NOISE AND FLUCTUATIONS: UPoN 2002: Third International Conference on Unsolved Problems of Noise and Fluctuations in Physics, Biology, and High Technology. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1584938.

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Datta, D., M. R. I. Sheikh, and M. S. R. Ashrafi. "Stabilization of wind power output fluctuations by using new pitch controller." In 2014 9th International Forum on Strategic Technology (IFOST). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifost.2014.6991133.

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Yamazaki, Takuya, Rion Takahashi, Toshiaki Murata, Junji Tamura, Masahiro Kubo, Yoshiharu Matsumura, Akira Kuwayama, and Takatoshi Matsumoto. "Smoothing control of wind generator output fluctuations by new pitch controller." In 2008 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM'08). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icelmach.2008.4800029.

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Datta, D., M. R. I. Sheikh, M. M. Islam, and A. Al Mahdi. "Terminal voltage regulation & output fluctuations minimization using governor-exciter controller." In 2016 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Computer & Telecommunication Engineering (ICECTE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecte.2016.7879636.

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Scandurra, G., G. Cannata, G. Giusi, and C. Ciofi. "A differential-input, differential-output preamplifier topology for the design of ultra-low noise voltage amplifiers." In 2017 International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnf.2017.7985947.

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Reports on the topic "Fluctuations in output"

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Campbell, John, and N. Gregory Mankiw. Are Output Fluctuations Transitory? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1916.

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Caballero, Ricardo, and Eduardo M. R. A. Engel. Price Rigidities, Asymmetries, and Output Fluctuations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4091.

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Bresnahan, Timothy, and Valerie Ramey. Output Fluctuations at the Plant Level. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4105.

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Agenor, P. R., J. Aizenman, and A. Hoffmaister. Contagion, Bank Lending Spreads and Output Fluctuations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6850.

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Caballero, Ricardo, and Eduardo M. R. A. Engel. Heterogeneity and Output Fluctuations in a Dynamic Menu-Cost Economy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3729.

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Comin, Diego, Mark Gertler, and Ana Maria Santacreu. Technology Innovation and Diffusion as Sources of Output and Asset Price Fluctuations. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2014.045.

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Comin, Diego, Mark Gertler, and Ana Maria Santacreu. Technology Innovation and Diffusion as Sources of Output and Asset Price Fluctuations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15029.

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Cecchetti, Stephen, and Georgios Karras. Sources of Output Fluctuations During the Interwar Period: Further Evidence on the Causes of the Great Depression. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4049.

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Havrlant, David, and Abdulelah Darandary. Economic Diversification under Saudi Vision 2030. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp06.

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Abstract:
The last decade has brought a row of substantial changes that have profound implications for the traditional hydrocarbon resource-rich economies. Economic conditions may change radically either throughout a decade or within months. The question is whether there is no other option for a hydrocarbon resource-rich economy than to be held hostage to the fluctuations in global oil prices. The general answer to a changing environment is: Adapt! From the macroeconomic perspective, this means diversifying the economy to broaden the income base and significantly reduce the dependence on oil revenues. The Saudi Vision 2030 represents a complex plan for substantial socioeconomic adjustments that are about to move the economy toward a more diversified and sustainable one. This discussion paper examines the preferred diversification paths for the Saudi economy in more detail, with a focus on the foreseen adjustments in the sectoral composition of the economy along with broader macroeconomic shifts. The evaluation of the foreseen diversification impacts is based on the updated Vision 2030 Input-Output Table that maps the changing structure of the Saudi economy over the coming decade. We discuss the assumed expansion of the diversification frontrunners, their changing contribution to the overall economic activity and identify the preferred diversification paths for the Saudi economy. The advances in economic diversification are measured by applying the Shannon-Weaver index to sectoral GDP and household income. The expected sectoral changes are wide-reaching, so the basic macroeconomic relations are also subject to adjustments. We also conduct a sensitivity analysis to examine the effects of the foreseen diversification on the resilience of the Saudi economy to external shocks.
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