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Journal articles on the topic 'Flowering Tops'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 July 2024
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Agnihotri, Vijai K., Hala N. ElSohly, Troy J. Smillie, Ikhlas A. Khan, and Larry A. Walker. "Constituents of Leonotis leonurus flowering tops." Phytochemistry Letters 2, no. 3 (August 2009): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2009.02.001.

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2

Chindarkar, Pritam V. "Antimicrobial Activity of Hyptis suaveolens Flowering-tops." British Journal of Medical and Health Research 7, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46624/bjmhr.2020.v7.i5.008.

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3

Сhehalkova, L. K., A. M. Konova, A. Yu Gavrilova, and V. M. Novikov. "FEATURES OF THE AGROTECHNOLOGY OF EARLY RIPE GRADES OF POTATOES AT CULTIVATION ON THE SEED PURPOSES IN CONDITIONS OF THE SMOLENSK REGION." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 3 (June 14, 2019): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-3-99-103.

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The most significant in the technology of growing potatoes are the timing of removal of the tops, as this factor directly affects the physiological state of the tubers and their quality. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the effect of the timing of removal of tops on yield, quantitative yield and quality of elite seed of early maturing potato varieties Snegir, Delphin, Udacha and Zhukovskij rannij. Experience, observations and accounting were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The study was conducted in a field experiment of the Smolensk Institute of agriculture (ex. Smolensk GOSHOS). As a result of phenological observations, it was found that the mass flowering did not occur simultaneously in all studied potato varieties. Before all the phase of mass flowering occurred in the Zhukovskij rannij variety. The percentage of plant viral diseases in all studied varieties in the variant with the term of removal of the tops 21 days after mass flowering was higher, compared with the options for removing the tops in earlier flowering periods. The maximum yield of seed fraction of potato tubers in varieties Delphin and Snegir (12.6 and 26.1 t/ha, respectively) was noted in the version with the second term of removal of the tops, in varieties Zhukovskij rannij and Udacha (23.2 and 23.4 t/ha, respectively) – in the version with the term of removal of the tops 21 days after mass flowering. The yield of tubers seed fraction and their mass were the highest varieties of Dеlphin and Zhukovskij rannij. According to the results of the tuberous analysis, an increase in the total number of tubers affected by fungal diseases was observed in variants with later dates of removal of the tops. The most affected disease of all the studied varieties was the grade of bullfinch (1.5-4%), the most resistant to disease – cv. Udacha.
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4

Mazur, Oleksandr, Olena Mazur, and Ganna Mironova. "OF STUDYING TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF CULTIVATION OF SEED POTATO." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 3 (September 28, 2021): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2021-3-19.

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One of the main factors in increasing the yield of potato tubers is the intensification of its production, which involves the creation and introduction into production of intensive varieties. To obtain a consistently high yield of potatoes, it is necessary to have not only high-yielding varieties, productive seed material, appropriate agronomic background, but also a ratio of technological measures that would ensure optimal action and interaction of each of the effective factors. As a result of the conducted researches it was established that the highest among the studied varieties were the indicators of the weight of the tops of one bush in the variety Granada, which was noted in all variants of the experiment. Thus, in the control variant, the weight of the tops of one bush in the phase of full germination varied from 46 to 50 g, in the phase of budding from 241 to 261 g, in the phase of full flowering from 323 to 361 g ha of semi-roasted manure, Kalimagnesia (K56Mg16S30) and simple phosphate (P30) under the main cultivation, the weight of the tops of one bush increased in the phase of full germination from 48 to 56, in the budding phase from 252 to 272 g, and in the phase of full flowering from 369 to 401 g . The weight of the tops in the Granada variety was higher on the experimental variant, where against the background of application of 40 t / ha of semi-roasted manure, Kalimagnesia (K56Mg16S30) and simple superphosphate (P30) under the main tillage and during planting in rows. and in feeding on Nitroammophoska seedlings (N30P30K30), the weight of the tops in the phase of full germination varied in the phase of full germination from 56 to 63 g, and in the phase of budding from 269 to 292 g, and in the phase of full flowering from 402 to 449 g. In the same variant the highest area of a leaf surface which changed in a phase of full sprouts from 11,7 to 12,9, and in a phase of budding from 20,4 to 21,8, and in a phase of full flowering from 25,9 to 27.2, in the phase of extinction of the tops from 26.6 to 28.2 m².
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5

Zakharova, M. N., L. V. Rozhkova, and E. Y. Ushakova. "Formation of potato seed of Evpatiy variety with the use of different doses of mineral fertilizers and timings of top mowing." Agrarian science, no. 5 (June 17, 2022): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-359-5-78-81.

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Relevance. One of the key tasks in the cultivation of seed potatoes is to obtain the optimal level of yield, the quantitative output of the standard fraction of seed tubers and ensure the quality of seed potatoes at the level of regulatory requirements of the standards set for the respective seed categories. In order to obtain a quality seed, it is necessary to form such a crop that its structure had the largest amount of seed standard fraction of tubers, and plants were less affected by viral infection. Methods. Studies on the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers and the timing of the mowing of top on the output of seed potatoes of the variety Evpatiy were conducted in 2018–2020 on the experimental fields of ISA. The technology of cultivation of the new variety was studied in the crop rotation: peas — winter wheat + runchweed — potatoes — spring wheat. The area of experiment is 0,25 hectares, the accounting area is 10 m2, the repetition is fourfold. Soil of the site: dark gray forest heavily sougly; humus content 4.7%, potassium — 18,4 mg/100 g of soil, phosphorus — 22,3 mg/100 g of soil; soil pH 5,0. Experiment scheme: introduction of mineral fertilizers before planting and mowing top after flowering: N96P96К96 — 30 days, N96P96К96 — 45 days and N128P128К128 — 30 days, N128P128К128 — 45 days.Results. On the version with the introduction of mineral fertilizers N96P96К96 before planting and mowing tops 30 days after flowering, a tuber yield of 30.8 t/ha was obtained, with a yield of seed tubers of 37.3%. On the version with the introduction of mineral fertilizers N96P96К96 and mowing of tops 45 days after flowering, a tuber yield of 34.8 t/ha was obtained, with a yield of seed tubers of 42.2%. The use of mineral fertilizers with a rate of consumption N128P128К128 before planting and mowing tops 30 days after flowering contributed to the yield of tubers of 34.3 t/ha, with a yield of seed tubers of 45.6%. On the version with the introduction of mineral fertilizers N128P128К128 before planting and mowing tops 45 after flowering a tuber yield of 36.7 t/ha was obtained with a yield of seed tubers of 42.2%.
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6

Fleischer, T. C., E. P. K. Ameade, and I. K. Sawer. "Antimicrobial activity of the leaves and flowering tops of Acanthospermum hispidum." Fitoterapia 74, no. 1-2 (February 2003): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0367-326x(02)00290-3.

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7

Alam, M. Ashraful, Abdul Ghani, Nusrat Subhan, M. Mostafizur Rahman, M. Shamsul Haque, Muntasir M. Majumder, M. Ehsanul H. Majumder, Raushan A. Akter, Lutfun Nahar, and Satyajit D. Sarker. "Antioxidant and Membrane Stabilizing Properties of the Flowering Tops of Anthocephalus Cadamba." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 1 (January 2008): 1934578X0800300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800300114.

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The hydroethanolic extract of Anthocephalus cadamba displayed remarkable antioxidative potential in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the hydrogen peroxide, the nitric oxide scavenging, the reducing power, the total antioxidant capacity, the lipid peroxidation inhibition (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances production), and the RBC membrane stabilization assays. While in the DPPH assay the IC50 value of the extract was 146.5 μg/mL, it was 24.8 μg/mL in the nitric oxide scavenging assay.
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8

Oza, Manisha J., and Yogesh A. Kulkarni. "Antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of flowering tops of Trifolium pratense L." Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society WCP2018 (2018): PO1–5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jpssuppl.wcp2018.0_po1-5-30.

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9

Karlová, K. "Accumulation of flavonoid compounds in flowering shoots of Achillea collina Becker ex. Rchb. Alba during flower development." Horticultural Science 33, No. 4 (November 23, 2011): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3756-hortsci.

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 The objective of this paper was a screening of flavonoid content in Achillea collina Becker ex. Rchb. Alba flowering tops (Herba millefolii) and flowers (Flos millefolii). Ten developmental stages of plant (flowers and tops separately) – from the beginning of flower differentiation to ripe seed stage – were studied. The methanol extract of plant material was used for HPLC analysis. The flavones apigenin, luteolin, and their 7-O-glucosides were found as the main flavonoid constituents in all developmental stages of both flower and top drug. Apigenin and apigenin-7-O-glucoside contents have a similar accumulation tendency during ontogenesis – their contents fluently increased until the full flower phase and then they decreased. Maximal apigenin and apigenin-7-O-glucoside content was established to range between 0.6 and 0.7 mg/g in millefolii herba and 0.9 and 1.3 mg/g in millefolii flos. The luteolin content has the same tendency and also quantity as apigenin and the highest value at the full flowering stage was found even stronger. On the other hand, luteolin-7-O-glucoside has the highest content at the stage of small flower bud (about 1.0 mg/g). Its amount decreased later on and it increased to the second maximum at the full flower phase.  
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10

Chindarkar, Pritam V. "Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Hand wash Gel from Hyptis suaveolens Flowering-tops." American Journal of PharmTech Research 10, no. 2 (April 7, 2020): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i2.026.

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11

Valentão, Patrícia, Paula B. Andrade, Eurico Silva, Ana Vicente, Henrique Santos, M. Lourdes Bastos, and Rosa M. Seabra. "Methoxylated Xanthones in the Quality Control of Small Centaury (Centaurium erythraea) Flowering Tops." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50, no. 3 (January 2002): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0109571.

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12

Carpinteyro Díaz, Andrea Estefanía, Lars Herfindal, Bendik Auran Rathe, Kristine Yttersian Sletta, Anni Vedeler, Svein Haavik, and Torgils Fossen. "Cytotoxic saponins and other natural products from flowering tops of Narthecium ossifragum L." Phytochemistry 164 (August 2019): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.04.014.

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13

Dobromilska, Renata, and Katarzyna Kujath. "Flowering and fruiting intensity of small - sized tomato, due to the regulation of the quantity of light reaching the plant top." Acta Agrobotanica 59, no. 2 (2012): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2006.073.

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The experiments were carried out in 2001-2003 in a high unheated plastic tunnel. The influence of reduction of leaves and application of reflection matter on flowering and fruiting of small-sized tomato was studied. The experiment focused on the following factors: methods of increasing the amount of light in plant tops (reflection matter, cutting leaves, reflection matter + cutting leaves) and cultivars of small sized tomato ('Conchita F<sub>1</sub>', 'Picolino F<sub>1</sub>'). The cutting of leaves and reflection matter mulching resulted in the increase of the intensity of radiation reaching plant tops and the reflected radiation. The above measures increasing the light access to plant tops significantly increased the number of flowers, germs and fruits. The reflection matter mulching along with cutting leaves resulted in the substantial growth of early yield of small-sized tomato. The 'Conchita F<sub>1</sub>' cultivar set a relatively greater number of flowers and fruits on a plant and in cluster than 'Picolino F<sub>1</sub>'.
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14

Liashchenko, S., A. Rozhniatovskyi, Ya Martseniuk, and S. Kupriianov. "Effect of «Quantum» system preparations on biometric parameters of potato plants." Agrobìologìâ, no. 2(183) (November 23, 2023): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2023-183-2-42-49.

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The article presents the results of research on the influence of different preparations of the «Quantum» system on the biometric parameters of potato plants of the medium-early variety «Zhytnytsia» and the medium-ripening variety «Melaniya». The purpose of the research is to develop new and improve existing agrotechnical measures for growing new potato varieties on sod-podzolic sandy loam soils of Ukrainian Polissya. It has been experimentally proven that the application of a complex of agrotechnical measures has a positive effect on the biometric indicators of potato plants development during the growing season. New potato varieties «Zhytnytsia» and «Melaniya» responded positively to fertiliser application, their rates and methods. According to the studies conducted in 2021–2022, both «Zhytnytsia» and «Melaniya» varieties distinguished 2 variants, the 4th and 6th, where N90P60K90 (locally) + «Quantum Seamin» (0,5 l/t) + Prolonged nitrogen (leaf – budding, flowering, after flowering) and N90P60K90 (locally) + «Quantum Diafan 3-18-18» (2 l/t) + Prolonged nitrogen (leaf – budding, flowering, after flowering) were applied. In 2021 in the varieties «Zhytnytsia» and «Melaniya» on average the period from planting to full germination was 44 days, from planting to budding – 58 days, from planting to flowering – 64 days. The period from planting to tops dieback in 1, 3 and 5 variants of «Zhytnytsia» variety was 100 days, and in 2, 4 and 6 variants – 110 days. Accordingly, in «Melaniya» variety these figures were 110 and 120 days. The highest density was found in variants 4 and 6, respectively, 49.3 and 47.5 thousand bushes/ha. In the same variants the field germination rate was 92.5 % and 89.1 %; the number of stems was 3.9 (401.7 thousand pcs/ha) and 3.5 (367.5 thousand pcs/ha) per plant respectively; plant height was 77.0 and 73.0 cm; leaf surface area was 229.2 and 194.3 cm² respectively. Similar results were obtained for the «Melaniya» variety. The same variants had a longer growing season due to the use of prolonged nitrogen, which had a good effect on the yield. Thus, after analysing these indicators, we can conclude that the best options for varieties «Zhytnytsia» and «Melaniya» are variants 4 and 6. Key words: potato, budding, flowering, tops dieback, density, height, leaf surface area, preparations.
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15

Smeriglio, Antonella, Mariarosaria Ingegneri, Maria Paola Germanò, Luigi Miori, Giulia Battistini, Federica Betuzzi, Paola Malaspina, Domenico Trombetta, and Laura Cornara. "Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Monarda didyma L. Growing in Trentino (Northern Italy) for Cosmeceutical Applications." Plants 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2023): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13010112.

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Monarda didyma L. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal and aromatic herb native to eastern North America and now is also cultivated in Northern Italy, which shows terminal heads of bright scarlet-red flowers, subtended by a whorl of red-tinged leafy bracts. Starting from 2018, M. didyma flowering tops have been included in the Belfrit List of botanicals. However, to date studies on the crude extract of this plant are still lacking. The aim of the present study was to investigate the morphological and anatomical features of the flowering tops and the phytochemical profile of their ethanolic and hydroglyceric extracts (EE and HGE, respectively). HGE was the richest in total phenols (105.75 ± 5.91 vs. 64.22 ± 3.45 mg/100 mL) and especially in flavonoids (71.60 ± 5.09 vs. 47.70 ± 1.27 mg/100 mL), as confirmed also by LC-DAD-ESI-MS. Fifty-three polyphenols were identified and quantified. Even if they showed a common polyphenolic profile, EE and HGE showed quantitative differences. Flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins were the most expressed metabolites in HGE, whereas flavonols were the most expressed metabolites in EE. These features confer to HGE the highest antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic properties, detected by several in vitro and in vivo assays, highlighting a promising use of this plant extract for skincare applications.
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16

Ostonakulov, Toshtemir, Faxriddin Rasulov, and Anvar Islomov. "Influence of different norms of fertilizers and application of growth stimulant on growth, development and productivity of sweet pepper variety in the conditions of Kashkadarya region." Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science 60, no. 5 (October 24, 2023): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.61308/rbdn8711.

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The article presents the results of a study of growth, development, leaf surface area, the formation of a mass of tops and roots, the total and marketable yields of the Dar Tashkent sweet pepper variety at various norms of organomineral fertilizers with the use of growth stimulant, in particular gibberellin. It was revealed that with the joint application of organomineral fertilizers at a rate of 20 t/ha + N200P160K100 kg/ ha and the treatment of plants during the flowering period with gibberellin solutions (0.6-0.7 g per 10 l of water) in sweet pepper variety Dar Tashkent has a positive effect on growth , development of plants, resulting in the formation of tall (86 cm) with the largest leaf surface (0.71 m2 ), powerful tops (905 g) and root system (191 g), productivity (917 g) and marketable yield (34.7 t/ha). At the same time, the yield increase amounted to 5.9-8.8 hectares.
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17

Schroeder, Kenneth R., and Dennis P. Stimart. "Number of Open Florets on a Flowering Stem Influences Postharvest Life of Antirrhinum majus L." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 459C—459. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.459c.

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Flowering stems from three commercial inbreds and their F1 hybrids of Antirrhinum majus L. were cut when the first eight basal florets opened. Tops of the stems were removed above the eighth floret and florets were removed leaving two, four, six, or eight open florets on a stem. A completely random design with 10 replications was used. Flowering stems were placed in plastic storage containers 35 × 23 × 14 cm (L × W × H) with 2.5 L deionized water for postharvest evaluation. Evaluation took place under continuous cool-white fluorescent light (9 μmol·m–2·s–1) at 24°C Postharvest life was determined as the number of days from cutting to discard when 50% of the open florets on a flowering stem wilted, turned brown, or dried. Results showed postharvest life increased as the number of open florets on a stem decreased. Mean postharvest life increased as much as 4.7 days when only two florets remained on a stem. These results indicate a direct relationship between number of florets on a cut flower stem and postharvest life.
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18

Imen, Dridi, Haouel-Hamdi Soumaya, Cheraief Imed, Mediouni Ben Jemâa Jouda, Landoulsi Ahmed, and Chaouch Rym. "Essential Oil from Flowering Tops of Lavandula dentata (L): Chemical Composition, Aantimicrobial, Antioxidant and Insecticidal Activities." Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 24, no. 3 (May 4, 2021): 632–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060x.2021.1944326.

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19

Pal, Pradeep, and A. K. Ghosh. "Antioxidant, Anti-Alzheimer and Anti-Pparkinson Activity of Artemisia nilagirica Leaves with Flowering Tops." UK Journal of Pharmaceutical Biosciences 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20510/ukjpb/6/i2/173536.

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20

Garjani, A., H. Nazemiyeh, N. Maleki, and H. Valizadeh. "Effects of extracts from flowering tops ofCrataegus meyeri A. Pojark. on ischaemic arrhythmias in anaesthetized rats." Phytotherapy Research 14, no. 6 (2000): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200009)14:6<428::aid-ptr618>3.0.co;2-l.

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21

Nikolić, Valentina, Jelena Zvezdanović, and Sandra Konstantinović. "UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis of the 'Centaurium erythraea' infusion." Advanced Technologies 11, no. 1 (2022): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/savteh2201013n.

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Chemical composition was estimated in a tea sample, i.e. infusion prepared from dried aerial herb of Centaurium erythraea. The plant was harvested in the Stara Planina mountain (Serbia, 42°43'00"N; 24°55'04"E) during the flowering stage. The flowering tops of the plant were dried to the moisture content of 7.89 (w/w) in a dark place. Qualitative analysis was done by Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray mass spectrometry (UH-PLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) method. The aim of this study was to detect and identify phytochemicals in the infusion prepared in a traditional way and present it as a good source of biologically active substances and bio-antioxidants. The analysis of C. erythraea infusion primarily indicated the presence of secoiridoid glycosides (sweroside, gentiopicroside, secologanoside, swertiamarin), xanthones and flavo-noids, which promises good quality of tea from Eastern Serbia.
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22

Abdul-Baki, A. A., H. H. Bryan, G. M. Zinati, W. Klassen, M. Codallo, and N. Heckert. "448 Cutting the Main Stem of Sunn Hemp Plants Increased Flower Production." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 471A—471. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.471a.

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Prolific flowering is essential for economic seed production in sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.). Since flowers appear as racimes on the distal portions of secondary branches and since the branching is restricted by a strong apical dominance, lifting the apical dominance by cutting the tops of plants should induce more branches and more flowers per plant. We evaluated this concept in a field experiment conducted in 1999 at the Tropical Research and Education Center, Univ. of Florida, Homestead, by cutting main stems of 100-day-old plants in a dense stand (113,000 plants/ha) at 30, 60, and 90 cm above the soil surface. Cutting at all heights induced more branching and flowering than the control. The highest positive response was in plants in which the main stem was cut at 90 cm above soil surface.
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23

Wadhawan, Richa, Pankaj Singla, Sushma Mishra, Sabanaz Mansuri, Shubham Kumar, Neel Raj, and Laishram Memory Devi. "Role of wonder drug thyme in dentistry: A review." Journal of Orofacial and Health Sciences 11, no. 2 (July 15, 2024): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.johs.2024.011.

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Herbal products have been utilized for eons for the treatment of various ailments in indigenous healing practices around the world and their role in healthcare is extensively documented. They also have been used to manage varied odontogenic and nonodontogenic conditions such as toothache, caries and to maintain general orodental hygiene. One such herb is thyme. It is a perennial herb with culinary, medicinal and cosmetic uses & has long been considered as wonder drug. It is a powerful essential oil distilled from the leaves and flowering tops.
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ŞAHİN, Hasan, Ramazan TUNÇ, and Fatos ŞEKERCİLER SUBAŞI. "Diyarbakır/Türkiye’nin Altı Farklı Bölgesinden Toplanan Matricaria chamomilla L. Örneklerinin Kamazulen İçeriği ve Hipoglisemik Potansiyeli." Commagene Journal of Biology 7, no. 2 (September 28, 2023): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1351365.

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Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is one of the oldest and most widely known medicinal plants belonging to Asteraceae family. An artifact named chamazulene forms from the sesquiterpene structured lactones such as matricin during the hydro-distillation of flowering tops of chamomile. These compounds are associated with the anti-inflammatory potential of chamomile along with flavonoids, other sesquiterpenoids, and essential oil of the plant. However, not all M. chamomilla specimens grown in different regions or species known and used as chamomile contains sesquiterpene lactone components. Thus, chamazulene content of chamomile has become a pharmaceutical interest. A traditional and well-established indication of the plant is diabetes. Protective and beneficial effects of chamomile on diabetic complications and glycemic control have been proposed by several studies. However, the mechanism of action is yet to be elucidated. Flowering tops of chamomile samples were collected from six different localities of Diyarbakır/Türkiye. Essential oils (EOs) were obtained by hydro-distillation. Petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (Me), and infusion (INF) extracts were prepared. Qualitative analysis of the EOs resulted in no chamazulene content. Bismil district might be eligible for medicinal chamomile culture with its high essential oil yield. In-vitro hypoglycemic potentials of the extracts and EOs were evaluated by α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. All EOs and EA extracts (except M4-Bismil samples) showed the highest inhibitory activities comparable to that of standard acarbose. α-Glucosidase inhibition might be a significant mechanism of action contributing to the antidiabetic effects of chamomile.
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Taylor, AC, WJ Lill, and AA McNeill. "Importance of mineral nitrogen in the subsoil to yield and uptake of nitrogen by wheat in southern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 2 (1988): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880215.

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Dry matter and nitrogen uptake of wheat tops at flowering, dry matter and nitrogen of wheat grain at maturity, and soil mineral nitrogen (0-90 cm) at sowing and flowering, were measured at 68 sites (1 experiment per site in 5 Shires) in southern New South Wales to test the hypotheses that: (i) mineral nitrogen below 30 cm would improve the prediction of wheat yields, (ii) soil mineral nitrogen would be better indicated by wheat yields at flowering than those at maturity, and (iii) soil mineral nitrogen would be better indicated by nitrogen uptake by wheat than by dry matter yields. Mineral nitrogen concentrations in soil at depths greater than 30 cm did not improve the prediction of wheat attributes, but hypotheses (ii) and (iii) were validated. Curvilinear regressions, significant (P< 0.05) on 2 occasions, were not important in this study. The best regression of wheat dry matter at flowering against soil mineral nitrogen at sowing was a single straight line, but the best models for the other 3 wheat variables were all bilinear. The best of the latter related the uptake of nitrogen by wheat at flowering to mineral nitrogen in the soil at sowing as follows: FNUH = (31.6 � 5.9) + (0.892 � 0.110) TMNS30 and FNUL = (9.7 � 7.3) + (0.892 � 0.110) TMNS30 where FNUH is nitrogen uptake by wheat at flowering (kg/ha) in 1960, 1964 and 1966 (when Shire wheat yields were above the Shire's long term average), FNUL is nitrogen uptake by wheat at flowering (kg/ha) in 1961, 1965 and 1974 (when Shire wheat yields were below the Shire's long term average), and TMNS30 is total mineral nitrogen (0-30 cm) (kg/ha) at sowing.
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Miceli, Natalizia, Emilia Cavò, Monica Ragusa, Francesco Cacciola, Luigi Mondello, Laura Dugo, Rosaria Acquaviva, et al. "Brassica incana Ten. (Brassicaceae): Phenolic Constituents, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of the Leaf and Flowering Top Extracts." Molecules 25, no. 6 (March 24, 2020): 1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061461.

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Brassica incana Ten. is an edible plant belonging to the Brassicaceae family. In this work, the phenolic composition and the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of the hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from the leaves and the flowering tops of B. incana grown wild in Sicily (Italy) were studied for the first time. A total of 17 and 20 polyphenolic compounds were identified in the leaf and in the flowering top extracts, respectively, by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS analysis. Brassica incana extracts showed in vitro antioxidant properties; the leaf extract displayed greater radical scavenging activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test than the flowering top extract (IC50 = 1.306 ± 0.049 mg/mL and 2.077 ± 0.011 mg/mL), which in turn had a stronger ferrous ion chelating ability than the other (IC50 = 0.232 ± 0.002 mg/mL and 1.147 ± 0.016 mg/mL). The cytotoxicity of the extracts against human colorectal adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines was evaluated through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release determination. The extracts showed cytotoxic efficacy against Caco-2 cells, with the flowering top extract being the most effective (about 90% activity at the highest concentration tested). In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the extracts exhibited no toxicity, indicating their potential safety.
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Cartea, María Elena, Maria Concetta Di Bella, Pablo Velasco, Pilar Soengas, Stefania Toscano, and Ferdinando Branca. "Evaluation of Italian and Spanish Accessions of Brassica rapa L.: Effect of Flowering Earliness on Fresh Yield and Biological Value." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010029.

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A comparative study for evaluating Italian and Spanish accessions of Brassica rapa var. rapa L., including turnip greens and turnip tops, was carried out at different locations with a view to determine the effect of earliness on crop production, antioxidant activity, glucosinolates amount, and profile (GLSs) and total phenolics content. The accessions evaluated were represented by two turnip top local varieties (one Italian variety and a Galician one), four new synthetic varieties established by Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), and three commercial varieties widely used by growers in Galicia and in Italy. The results showed a great variability regarding flowering time, fresh and dry weight of the leaves and flower buds, and the branch number per plant. The highest turnip greens production was found in two synthetic varieties (“SIN07” and “SIN01”) for both countries. Local varieties “BRS550” and “CM39” were also suitable for turnip greens production in Spain and Italy, respectively. For turnip tops, the highest production was found for “SIN07” in Spain, for “CM39” in Italy and for “BRS550” in both countries. We found a high diversity in the total and individual glucosinolate, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity among genotypes, geographical origins, and the different parts of the plant (leaf and flower). Varieties “SIN01” and “SIN07” showed the highest values in total GLSs, total aliphatic and gluconapin contents in turnip greens followed by the two commercial varieties. For turnip tops, the highest values in gluconapin, aliphatic, and total GLSs contents were found in “SIN01” and “BRS550”. Even though different varieties stand out over the rest depending on the location, “SIN01”, “SIN07”, “CM39”, and “BRS550” could be recommended for turnip greens production because of its high antioxidant activity. The study showed that the latest varieties are more productive and show higher bioactive compounds than the earlier ones and that it is possible to improve genotypes for different growing cycles. Therefore, these varieties could be proposed for further breeding programs for B. rapa production.
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28

Denham, Andrew J., and Robert J. Whelan. "Reproductive ecology and breeding system of Lomatia silaifolia (Proteaceae) following a fire." Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 2 (2000): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt98039.

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Lomatia silaifolia (Smith) R.Br. (Proteaceae) is a common shrub in southeastern Australian bushland that generally flowers only once after each fire. However, little is known of the details of this post-fire flowering. Lomatia silaifolia has flowers well-spaced along its conflorescence axis, unlike many other Proteaceae species, thus allowing close examination of the influence of flower position, mate choice and flowering sequence on fruit production. We examined breeding system, flowering phenology and spatial patterns of fruit set in the species, after a fire in September 1992 at Bulli Tops, New South Wales. Flowering occurred in December–January, but only in the first and second summers after the fire. The species is partially self-compatible: only 25% of self-pollinated conflorescences initiated fruits compared with 100% of cross-pollinated conflorescences. Fewer flowers initiated fruits after hand self-pollination (3.0%) than after cross-pollination (35.4%). Self-pollinated flowers produced fewer viable seeds (22.2% viable) than cross-pollinated flowers (62.9% viable). Pollen tubes were found in 72% of the self-pollinated flowers examined, suggesting that there is no early stylar self-incompatibility in the species. There was a high level of herbivory on flowering and fruiting branches, with 69% of unbagged branches completely destroyed. This may significantly affect recruitment in the species, given the limited opportunities for reproduction in the post-fire environment. In this study, fruits were evenly distributed along the conflorescence axis unlike some other species in the Proteaceae with more compressed, spike-like flowering structures where fruits are typically concentrated in some parts of the conflorescence axis (e.g. Telopea and some Banksia spp.). No bird visitors to flowers were observed, but a variety of insect visitors were identified.
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29

Abdou, Mahmoud, Mohamed Aly, Kassem Ahmed, Emad Hassan, and Hosam Kamel. "EFFECT OF COMPOST, BIO AND NPK FERTILIZATION ON ESSENTIAL OIL PRODUCTION OF YARROW FLOWERING TOPS, ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM, L." Scientific Journal of Flowers and Ornamental Plants 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/sjfop.2015.5109.

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30

Yao, Xincheng, Xinbing Wang, Chengzhi Gu, Hong Zeng, Wen Chen, and Hui Tang. "Chemical composition, N-nitrosamine inhibition and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of essential oil from Coreopsis tinctoria flowering tops." Natural Product Research 30, no. 10 (May 15, 2015): 1170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2015.1041943.

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31

Razavi, Seyed Mehdi, and Samad Nejad-Ebrahimi. "Chemical composition, allelopatic and cytotoxic effects of essential oils of flowering tops and leaves ofCrambe orientalisL. from Iran." Natural Product Research 23, no. 16 (November 10, 2009): 1492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786410802611303.

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32

Miraldi, Elisabetta, Marco Biagi, and Daniela Giachetti. "Chemical Constituents and Effect of Topical Application of Oleum Hyperici on Skin Sensitivity to Simulated Sun Exposure." Natural Product Communications 1, no. 3 (March 2006): 1934578X0600100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0600100307.

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Hypericum perforatum is one of the oldest and most experimentally and clinically studied herbal drugs. In this work, using HPLC/MS/MS, we investigated the chemical composition of the methanolic extract of the flowering tops of Oleum Hyperici, an ancient remedy obtained following the methodology reported in Deutsche Arzneibuch 6 (DAB). The chemical composition of Oleum Hyperici was very different from that of the crude drug, in which two new phloroglucinols were identified for the first time. The main components responsible for the activity (hyperforin and its derivatives, hypericin and its derivatives) were not found in the oil extract. The sun protection factor (SPF) for Oleum Hyperici was demonstrated to be low.
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33

Micalizzi, Giuseppe, Lorenzo Cucinotta, Valentina Chiaia, Filippo Alibrando, Francesca Cannizzaro, Gabriele Branca, Pietro Maida, Paolo Oliveri, Luigi Mondello, and Danilo Sciarrone. "Profiling of seized Cannabis sativa L. flowering tops by means of microwave-assisted hydro distillation and gas chromatography analyses." Journal of Chromatography A 1727 (July 2024): 464994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464994.

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34

McNaughton, D. L., and J. C. S. Allison. "Cloud-seeding Effect on Water Stress of Maize in Zimbabwe." Journal of Weather Modification 14, no. 1 (October 17, 2012): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54782/jwm.v14i1.64.

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Results of experimental cloud-seeding in Zimbabwe indicate that silver iodide treatment enhances rainfall if cloud-tops are colder than -IO°C. Still higher increases result if tops are colder than -13°C. By comparing distribution functions fitted to seeded and to non-seeded clouds, tentative relationships were built up between natural and seeded rainfalls. A cloud-seeding season in north-east Zimbabwe was stimulated by a model in which i 000 showers were distributed at random within a rectangular area, enabling total extra rainfall to be computed at every km grid-point. Less than half the area received any additional rainfall. A soil-water balance rountine was then used to relate the apparently increased rainfall to changes in maize yield. In approximately half of all rainy seasons in northern Zimbabwe natural rainfall appears to be adequate so that cloud-seeding is of negligible benefit to maize. In poor or modest rainy seasons most places probably receive less than i0 mm from a cloud-seeding operation, but this can eliminate one, occasionally two, post-flowering stress-days during maize growth. However, planting dates can hardly ever be brought forward as a result of artificial rain stimulation. Results suggest that cloud-seeding operations more than pay for themselves.
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35

Amine, Sanae, Mohamed Bouhrim, Hamza Mechchate, Atika Ailli, Mohamed Radi, Sevser Sahpaz, Smail Amalich, Malika Mahjoubi, and Touriya Zair. "Influence of Abiotic Factors on the Phytochemical Profile of Two Species of Artemisia: A. herba alba Asso and A. mesatlantica Maire." International Journal of Plant Biology 13, no. 2 (April 18, 2022): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijpb13020007.

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The species of Artemisia are well known in the Mediterranean region, especially in Morocco, for their traditional uses and health benefit. In this study, we were interested in two species of Artemisia, namely A. herba alba Asso and A. mesatlantica Maire. These species were collected from different soils of the Central Middle Atlas (loamy, stony, limestone and rocky soil) with different atmospheres. Extraction of essential oils from the leaves and flowering tops was carried out by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus. Chemical composition analysis was further carried out using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the similarities and dissimilarities in the chemical compositions of these six essential oils. The results obtained showed that the essential oil contents extracted from the flowering tops vary from one species to another according to the place of harvest, altitude, soil type and climate. The essential oil yield is between 0.84% and 2.19% (mL/100 g). Chemical analysis revealed that the chemotype of A. herba alba in limestone soil with a subhumid to humid atmosphere is trans-thujone (33.78%), while camphor (46.19%) is for limestone soil with a semi-arid atmosphere, vetivenic acid (14.91%) and davana ether (14.64%) are for limestone soil with a semi-arid and arid atmosphere and camphor (18.39%) is for loamy and stony soil with a semi-arid atmosphere. As for A. mesatlantica from a rocky soil on limestone with a subhumid to humid atmosphere, the main component is camphor (44.86%), and that of limestone soil with a subhumid to the humid atmosphere trans-thujone (41.08%). In addition, HCA affirmed the PCA and allowed us to distinguish between four groups. Our findings observed differences in the chemical compositions of the isolated essential oils most likely related to many factors such as the climates in the regions of the samples collected, altitudes and soil types.
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Khunteta, Alok, Surendra K. Swarnkar, Manish Kumar Gupta, Aruna Swarnkar, Swapnil Sharma, and Sarvesh Paliwal. "Assessment of In-Vivo Antioxidant Potential of Hydro-Alcoholic Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Aerva Javanica Linn. Flowering Tops." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 7, no. 6 (January 5, 2020): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v7i6.614.

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Aerva javanica (Amaranthaceae) is a grey coloured woolly perennial tomentose shrub. Its traditional and folklore usage motivates further investigation on its pharmacognostic parameters and pharmacological potential. Hydro-alcoholic extract (AJCE) was prepared from flowering tops of A. javanica. In order to work further on activity guided fractions, ethyl acetate (AJEAF) fraction was prepared. Therefore, in order to establish its antioxidant potential, in-vivo effect on LPO, GSH, SOD and catalase activity was determined. For comparison, silymarin and Centella asiatica extract (CAE) were used as standard antioxidant compound/extract. Lipid peroxidation in term of MDA content expressed as nM/mg, which was 82.18 and 67.39 for AJCE with increasing doses of complete hydro-alcoholic extract (AJCE represented as AJCE-1 and AJCE-2) and 51.65 for AJEAF in contrast to 40.64 nM/mg for standard silymarin and 46.81 nM/mg for standard CAE. GSH content was determined as 3.12, 3.82 and 4.56 μg/mg wet tissue in contrast to 5.59 for standard silymarin and 4.42 for standard CAE. Superoxide scavenging was expressed as SOD U/mg wet tissue, determined as 7.26, 9.16 and 9.91 U/mg wet tissue for AJCE-1 (250 mg/kg i.p. b.w), AJCE-2 (500 mg/kg i.p. b.w), and AJEAF respectively in comparison to silymarin (10.11) and CAE (46.81 U/mg wet tissue). Catalase activity expressed as μM of H2O2 decomposed / min / mg wet tissue was determined as 0.61, 0.72 and 0.78 repectively for AJCE-1 (250 mg/kg i.p. b.w), AJCE-2 (500 mg/kg i.p. b.w), and AJEAF. Results indicated the SOD values and total antioxidant power of DEE and EAF fractions even better than standard ascorbic acid which expressed the prospective potential of fractions (DEE and EAF) against metabolic disorders.
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37

Nichols, Robert L., John Cardina, and T. Powell Gaines. "Growth, Reproduction and Chemical Composition of Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense)." Weed Technology 5, no. 3 (September 1991): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00027251.

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Horsenettle was described quantitatively in two grazed bermudagrass pastures for two years. Six times from April through October, plants were counted, phenologically documented, and tops were harvested for estimation of above-ground phytomass. Roots were sampled for carbohydrate, N fraction, and macronutrient analyses. Top growth, flowering, fruiting, and chemical composition were similar between sites within years, but differed between years. Starch and total non-structural carbohydrates in roots increased following reproductive periods both years. Root concentrations of protein and non-protein N increased and concentrations of P decreased in August and September in one year only. Analysis of the relationship between seasonal trends in carbohydrate fluctuation and pasture management practices suggests that systemic herbicide application in mid-summer may lead to more effective control than application in spring.
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38

Zdunić, Gordana, Dejan Gođevac, Marina Milenković, Katarina Šavikin, Nebojša Menković, and Silvana Petrović. "Anti-inflammatory and Gastroprotective Properties of Hypericum Richeri Oil Extracts." Natural Product Communications 5, no. 8 (August 2010): 1934578X1000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1000500814.

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Oil extracts of flowering tops of Hypericum richeri Vill. prepared in three different ways were evaluated for chemical composition, and Anti-inflammatory and Gastroprotective activities. An HPLC method was developed for determination of two dominant flavonoids, quercetin and I3,II8-biapigenin. The carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test was used for screening the antiinflammatory activity, while indomethacin-induced rat gastric mucosa damage test was used for evaluation of gastroprotective activity. The oil extract prepared by maceration with 96% ethanol, followed by extraction with sunflower oil by heating on a water bath, exhibited the highest antiinflammatory (38.4 %) and gastroprotective activities (gastric damage score of 0.9). The same oil extract had the highest content of quercetin (49 μg/mL) and I3,II8-biapigenin (60 μg/mL). These results approve the usage of oil extracts of H. richeri as an antiinflammatory and gastroprotective agent.
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39

Letchamo, W., V. S. Krutilina, and T. Kireeva. "under Organic Cultivation." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 518a—518. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.518a.

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St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), a perennial from Hypericaceae, is one of the highly esteemed medicinal plants since ancient times. The tops are used for its soothing, calming antidepressant effects, wound healing, antispasmodic, and antiviral effects. Recently it has been found to be a natural substitute for “PROZAC™”. So far, most of the commercial supply of St. John's Wort originates from wild collections. Five different cultivars of Hypericum perforatum originating from Germany (`Due-1', `Due2') Canada (`Quebec'), United States (`TLF-1'), and Russia (`Russia') were grown under commercial organic cultivation. H. perforatum of Canadian origin (Quebec) and `TLF-1' from the United States (Washington and Oregon) were of a recent selection, while the German (Due-1, Due-2) and Russian cultivars were selected for higher yield and better concentration of the active constituents (essential oil, hypericin, and other related flavonoids). Seeds obtained from these cultivars were directly sown in the field, using animal manure, in Trout Lake Farm, Wash. There was a significant difference among the cultivars in morphology, flowering period, yield, and content of the essential oil. Cultivars Due-1, Due-2, and Russia showed an erect growth, with uniform flowering time and pattern, indicating the suitability of these cultivars for mechanical harvesting and better exposure of the flowers to sunlight. The highest herb yield was obtained from `TLF-1', while the lowest was obtained from `Quebec'. Cultivar TLF-1 came to flowering the latest, while `Due-1' was recorded to flower earliest and had the lowest shoot yield. The essential oil content of `Due-1', `Due-2' and `Russia' was significantly higher than `Quebec' and `TLF-1' cultivars.
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40

Hagiladi, A., and M. Raviv. "Modified Sunlight Affects Growth and Flowering of Saintpaulia ionantha H. and Peperomia grisco-argenta Yuncker." HortScience 27, no. 9 (September 1992): 999–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.9.999.

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Tissue culture plantlets of Saintpaulia ionantha and Peperomia grisco-argenta were grown for 120 days in growth boxes placed in a greenhouse. The filtercovered tops of the boxes were sloped facing south, the direction of the sun, while the walls were constructed of white styrofoam board Four types of light filters covered the frames. Two blue celluloid sheets were used to alter the sunlight spectrum: one filtered out the red (B + FR), and the other removed most of the red and far-red, FR (B - FR). Two polyethylene films were formulated as light filters and diffusers: one scattered all the transmitted light and decreased the R: FR ratio (W), while the other was neutral in respect to the sunlight spectrum and did not cause light scattering (A). Vegetative growth of Saintpaulia plants was enhanced under the light-diffusing filters, resulting in higher fresh weight and larger leaves. Saintpaulia plants flowered first under the W filter, then the A filter, and last under the B + FR filter; no flowering occurred in the absence of FR light (B - RR). There was no significant difference in the development of Peperomia plants grown under the different filters. The results are discussed in relation to plant adaptation to various environments.
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41

Pacifici, Roberta, Emilia Marchei, Francesco Salvatore, Luca Guandalini, Francesco Paolo Busardò, and Simona Pichini. "Stability of cannabinoids in cannabis FM1 flowering tops and oil preparation evaluated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 57, no. 7 (June 26, 2019): e165-e168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2018-1145.

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42

Lan, Shumin, Jingming Lin, and Ni Zheng. "Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Coreopsis Tinctoria Nuff. and Optimisation of Isolation by Response Surface Methodology." Acta Pharmaceutica 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acph-2014-0026.

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Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine the antioxidant activity of Coreopsis tinctoria flowering tops (CTFT). Studies were conducted to obtain suitable extraction conditions for chlorogenic acid, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin and kaempferol, which were identified and quantified by HPLC. Response surface methodology was employed to optimise the ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions including extraction time, ethanol concentration and liquid-solid ratio. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was analysed using various antioxidant models, such as DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. CTFT extracted for 15.0 min with ethanol at a concentration of 60.4 % and with liquidsolid ratio 27.5:1 possessed a considerable amounts of total flavonoids and polyphenols (18.9 %). This extract showed higher scavenging activity of ABTS and hydroxyl radical activity than rutin, however not in the DPPH test. We may assume that CTFT possess antioxidant and free radical scavenging potentials.
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43

Davis, A. R., R. W. Shuel, and R. L. Peterson. "Distribution of carbofuran and dimethoate in flowers and their secretion in nectar as related to nectary vascular supply." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 7 (July 1, 1988): 1248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-178.

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The distribution of two systemic insecticides (carbofuran, dimethoate) in floral parts and nectar of Ajuga reptans L. (Lamiaceae), Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae), and Vicia faba L. (Leguminosae), which differ in their types of nectary vascular supply, was determined. Radioactivity was detected in all floral organs when excised flowering plant tops were cultured in sucrose solution containing a combination of 14C-labelled and formulated (unlabelled) insecticide. In A. reptans and B. napus, combined nectary tissue and nectar contained the most radioactivity on a fresh weight basis. Radioactivity was detected in floral nectar of all species, and in extrafloral nectar of V. faba. Estimated concentrations of insecticide were much higher in extrafloral than in floral nectar of V. faba; the presence of xylem in the nectary vasculature to the former may be responsible. However, the presence of xylem is not necessary for the secretion of systemic insecticides by nectaries.
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44

Teakle, DS. "Abiotic Transmission of Southern Bean Mosaic Virus in Soil." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 39, no. 4 (1986): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9860353.

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When soil in pots was infested with southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV), it became infective for highly susceptible Phaseolus vulgaris bait plants. Soil could be infested by adding either infected plant tops or roots or by growing infected plants in it. Release of SBMV by roots of P. vulgaris cv. Red Kidney reached a maximum at flowering and thereafter declined, but some virus was still recovered in drainage water when the plants were dead. When grown in infested soil P. vulgaris cv. Bountiful was more susceptible to infection at 26�C than at 21 or 32�C, temperatures which were less favourable for plant growth. The addition to virus-infested soil of tomato roots carrying nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.), fungi and other soil biota did not increase virus infection in bait plants. It is concluded that SBMV resembles tobacco mosaic virus in being able to infect plant roots abiotically in infested soil.
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45

Taylor, BK, and DG Nichols. "The phosphorus nutrition of the apple tree. III. Influence of phosphate timing treatments on the performance of Jonathan/MM.104 apple trees in two years." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 41, no. 6 (1990): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9901115.

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Bench grafted JonathanlMM104 apple trees were grown in perlite culture in a glasshouse for up to 2 years and the effects of adding � phosphate (PO or P50 ppm nutrient solutions) in spring, summer, autumn, or during the second growing season were determined. Phosphate timing treatments produced marked differences in tree performance and P uptake. Thus, spring P significantly increased the growth of tree tops, the top/root ratio, P uptake and flowering in the second year. Summer P increased the growth of tree tops, the top/root ratio and P uptake, while autumn P increased P uptake but not tree growth in the first year. Strong carryover effects were note for all first year P treatments on the growth and P content of the trees in the second year consistent with the mobilization of P reserves. Significant interaction effects between treatments were found and P uptake in a given period was influenced by the P treatment given in the previous period. Thus, P uptake and the tree growth response were greater in P stressed trees than in high P trees. All times of application of P were effective in increasing the P status of tree parts including leaves and fruit. Tree P content at the end of the second year was dependent upon both residual and current year P treatments. These findings are briefly discussed in relation to earlier published work on the P nutrition of apple trees and also in relation to their significance to apple growers.
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46

Crabtree, W. L., A. D. Robson, and G. S. P. Ritchie. "Drying of surface soil decreased Lupinus angustifolius root length and manganese uptake in a split-root experiment." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 7 (1998): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a98015.

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In a glasshouse, a split-root experiment was used to determine the ability oflupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.) to take up manganese(Mn) from dry soil either when young or at mid-flowering of the primarybranches. Three soil-watering regimes (maintained at field capacity,maintained below wilting point, and alternating from field capacity to wellbelow wilting point) were imposed after taproots had grown through topsoil andinto a nutrient solution below. Four sequential harvests (11, 22, 37, and 49days after sowing) were taken to determine the effect of soil drying on lupingrowth, Mn uptake, and soil-extractable Mn.Soil drying early in the lupin plant's life stopped the growth of lateralroots in the soil and slowed the growth of roots grown in subsoil solution andthe growth of lupin tops. Soil drying decreased uptake of Mn in the tops to13% of that under continuous wet soil conditions. Of the 13%,most (11%) was taken up while the soil was drying. Soil re-wettingenabled the plants to resume uptake of Mn and soil re-drying (just beforeanthesis) decreased the Mn concentration in the lupin stems to 4·8µg/g, whereas stems of lupins grown in the wet and dry soilscontained 10·3 and 3·3 µg/g, respectively. Easilyreducible and plant-available soil Mn were not affected by soil wetting anddrying treatments.This study confirms that the uptake of Mn by lupin may be severely restrictedby drying of surface soil at both the beginning and the end of the lupinplant's life. The decrease in root length rather than the chemical form of Mn restricted Mn uptake.
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Garside, AL, and MC Fulton. "Response of irrigated soybeans (Glycine max) to phosphorus on an alkaline cracking clay in semi-arid tropical Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 1 (1986): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860115.

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The primary and residual effects of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on soybeans (Glycine max cv. Buchanan) were studied at one site for three seasons on Cununurra clay in the Ord Irrigation Area. Grain yield increased (P< 0.01) with both primary and residual P in all seasons. When grain yields over the 3 years were standardized to eliminate seasonal effects, relative grain yield (RGY) was positively related to each of bicarbonate-extractable soil P (EP), applied fertilizer P (FP) and fertilizer P applied to the previous crop (PFP). Seventy-three per cent of the variation in relative yield within years could be explained by the equation: RGY = 45.44 + 0.64FP + l.84EP + 0.197PFP R 2 = 0 . 7 3 , P < 0.01 Increasing P status was associated with increased plant height, dry matter production and weight of 100 seeds and increased the number of main-stem nodes, nodules, pods per plant and days to maturity, but had no effect on number of seeds per pod and number of days until commencement and completion of flowering. Concentrations of P in the whole tops and uppermost leaf increased with increasing rate of P application. However, there was a significant P x growth stage interaction on nitrogen concentrations in whole tops and upper-most leaf, these being lower in the high-P plots early in the season. Grain protein content increased with increasing P status while oil content was reduced. The results show that rates of P application higher than those being currently used are required to maximize soybean yield on Cununurra clay.
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48

McDonald, GK, and WK Gardner. "Effect of waterlogging on the grain yield response of wheat to sowing date in south-western Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 5 (1987): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870661.

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Two experiments were conducted in 1983 and 1984 in the Hamilton district in south-western Victoria, which examined, in 1983, the interaction of cultivars of different maturity with sowing date and, in 1984, the interaction of soil waterlogging with anthesis date. In the first experiment the grain yield of Isis and Condor were not significantly (P = 0.05) affected when sowing was delayed from 18 April to 13 May despite greater DM yield at anthesis of the April sown crops (44% with Isis and 8 1 % with Condor). Early sowing resulted in early flowering and in Condor 25% fewer grains per ear. When the effect of anthesis date on grain yield was examined in 1984 at a poorly drained site (Hamilton) and a nearby better drained site (Tabor), it was found that early flowering caused yield reductions of 46 and 25%, respectively. The reduced yield at Hamilton was caused by fewer grains per ear and a lower kernel weight. Grain yield was found to be associated with the severity of waterlogging during the 30 days before anthesis. For each 1% decline in the mean air-filled porosity of the surface soil at this time, yield was reduced by 0.29 t/ha (r2 = 0.83; P< 0.05). When the soils became waterlogged, nitrogen concentrations in the plant tops declined to low levels between stem elongation and anthesis. The need to avoid waterlogging damage during stem elongation in spring may necessitate anthesis being delayed beyond the time currently recommended for the district.
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49

Hayslett, William F., P. R. Thangudu, and Sabrina Shaw. "EFFECT OF HARDWOOD BARK MULCH ON THE WINTER SURVIVAL OF EIGHT CULTIVARS OF GARDEN CHRYSANTHEMUMS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1097c—1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1097c.

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A field study was conducted at Tennessee State University's research station to evaluate the effect of hardwood bark mulch on the winter survival of garden mums. A randomized complete block design was used. Cultivars used were adorn, encore, grandchild, jackpot, legend, minnautumn, minnwhite and triump. At the end of the flowering season the tops were removed leaving a four inch stubble in the mulch. The number of mum plants that resumed growth the following spring were counted for each cultivar. There was a difference in the winter survival of the different cultivars as well as a significant difference in the mulch treated and the control. Grandchild and jackpot were most cold hardy followed by encore, minnwhite, minnautumn, triump, legend, and adorn. Grandchild and jackpot with four inches of hardwood bark mulch had an 88 percent survival while the control had a 44 percent survival. Adorn. had a 51 percent survival with four inches of mulch and a 20 percent survival in the control. This data shows that hardwood bark mulch holds a great potential for providing excellent winter protection for garden mums.
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50

Swarnkar, Surendra K., Alok Khunteta, Reema Dheer, Manish K. Gupta, Pankaj K. Jain, Swapnil Sharma, and Sarvesh Paliwal. "Evaluation of Impact of Hydro-alcoholic Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Flowering Tops of “Desert Cotton” plant on Analgesic, Pyretic and Inflammatory Murine Models." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 13, no. 4 (2020): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2020.00298.x.

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