Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Flow lip'
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Rocke, Ann H. "Elastohydrodynamic Analysis of a Rotary Lip Seal Using Flow Factors." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4771.
Full textBaudrit, Daniel 1957. "FLOW MEASUREMENT USING A SENSING DEVICE NEAR THE LIP OF A GATE (CANALS, OPEN CHANNEL FLOW)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275569.
Full textNeal, Mark. "A study of the brass instrument lip reed mechanism using artificial lips and lattice Boltzmann flow simulations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12707.
Full textJafari, Moghadamfard Ramtin, and Saeid Payvar. "The Potential of Visual Features : to Improve Voice Recognition Systems in Vehicles Noisy Environment." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-27273.
Full textGürcan, Fuat. "Flow bifurcations in rectangular, lid-driven, cavity flows." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425523.
Full textNetto, Cristianne Chiquto. "Área velofaríngea e escape de ar nasal nas condições com e sem prótese de palato." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25143/tde-26042016-102947/.
Full textIntroduction: Although perceptual judgement is recognized to be the gold standard for clinical speech evaluation of cleft palate and/or velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) patients, it can be influenced by a number of factors due to its subjectivity. Instrumental assessment such as pressure-flow technique can provide additional information related to speech and velopharyngeal dysfunction findings in individuals adapted to palatal speech device with obturator pharyngeal bulb for treatment of VPD Objectives: Describe and compare the results of velopharyngeal area measurements by using pressure-flow technique and the judgment of the occurrence of air nasal emission (NAE) during repetition of words containing the p consonant and utterance of the word papai in the Test of Nasal Air Emission (TNAE), in conditions with and without palatal speech device as well as to analyze the relation between NAE and velopharyngeal dysfunction ratings in conditions with and without palatal speech device.Method: A retrospective study of samples including 94 patients with diagnosis of velopharyngeal insufficiency wearing palatal prostheses with pharyngeal bulb was performed. Velopharyngeal function was rated (adequate, marginal-adequate, marginal-inadequate and inadequate) in according to velopharyngeal measurements obtained from aerodynamic evaluation during the production of p consonant in the segment pa. The results of NAE occurrence judgement (present/absent) during the repetition of words with p and utterance of papai in the TNAE were collected from the patients´s recordings, in the conditions with and without prosthesis. Results: Velopharyngeal area measurements and NAE occurrence judgement were significantly lower in the with-prosthesis condition. However, speech prosthesis was able to eliminate NAE in 63.9% of the patients, when considering utterances of words with p in articulatory evaluation as comparison, and managed to eliminate it by 50% of them with regard to the word papai in the TEAN. With the speech device, 56.4% of patients demonstrated adequate velopharyngeal function and 43.6% showed velopharyngeal ratings different of the adequate one (marginal adequate = 5.3%, marginal inadequate = 5.3% and inadequate = 33%).Conclusions: The measures of velopharyngeal area obtained byusing pressure-flow technique decreased significantly when the patient uses prosthesis (condition with prosthesis), revealing that the prosthetic device can improve velopharyngeal function for the speech. Although the occurrence of nasal air flow (EAN) in the production of the consonant p presents to be lower with prosthesis, either in the hearing judgement as in the visual one, the latter seems to be more sensible to identify the occurrence of flow. Nasal air flow (EAN) demonstrated to have a direct relation with the velopharyngeal function for it was absent in an adequate velopharyngeal function (condition with prosthesis) and present in an inadequate velopharyngeal function (condition without prosthesis). Nevertheless, this relation may be susceptible to the interference of many factors that may positively or negatively influence the occurrence of EAN in the velopharyngeal function.
Borges, Rodrigo Lopes. "A fam?lia Rubiaceae na Serra Geral de Lic?nio de Almeida." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2016. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/413.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
In Brazil, Rubiaceae is the fourth family with greater diversity of species and is represented by 125 genera and 1392 species, mostly distributed in the Amazon and Atlantic forests. Due to the heterogeneity of habitat and vegetation types, Bahia stands out for the richness of species in the family (ca. 368 spp.) and by the record of many endemic species. Among the areas that are recognized by the lack of floristic inventories in the state, there is the southwest region, more precisely the areas that comprise the Espinha?o Septentrional. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a floristic and taxonomic survey of Rubiaceae to the Serra Geral of Lic?nio de Almeida (SGLA), Bahia. Ten field trips were conducted between July 2012 and May 2015, covering all existing vegetation types in the area. The collected materials were processed and deposited in the HUEFS and ALCB herbaria. Reference materials were also analyzed in visits to herbaria ALCB, CEPEC, HRB, HUEFS, RB and SPF. A number of 43 species distributed in 28 genera were recognized and collected, being Declieuxia (5 spp.), Borreria (3 spp.), Cordiera (3 spp.) and Psychotria (3 spp.) the most diverse genera. Following the previous floristic studies in Espinha?o Range, there are large number of genera (19) with only a single species. Psyllocarpus asparagoides, Psyllocarpus laricoides and Stachyarrhena reflexa are endemic to Minas Gerais and Bahia; Declieuxia passerina and Galianthe peruviana are new records for Bahia, and two species are considered new for science (Randia sp. and Staelia sp.). Keys to generic and specific identification, descriptions, taxonomic and biologic comments for all species are presented, as well as photos and illustrations.
Rubiaceae ? a quarta fam?lia com maior riqueza de esp?cies no Brasil e est? representada por 125 g?neros e 1392 esp?cies, distribu?das predominantemente nos dom?nios Amaz?nico e Atl?ntico. Devido ? heterogeneidade de habitats e fitofisionomias, a Bahia destaca-se pela riqueza de esp?cies para a fam?lia (ca. 368 spp.) e pelo registro de muitas esp?cies end?micas. Dentre as ?reas que s?o reconhecidas pela car?ncia de invent?rios flor?sticos no estado, destaca-se a regi?o sudoeste, mais precisamente as ?reas que compreendem o Espinha?o Setentrional. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar o levantamento flor?stico e taxon?mico de Rubiaceae para a Serra Geral de Lic?nio de Almeida (SGLA), Bahia. Foram realizadas dez viagens de coleta entre julho de 2012 e maio de 2015, abrangendo todas as fitofisionomias existentes na ?rea. Os materiais coletados foram processados e depositados nos Herb?rios HUEFS e ALCB. Materiais de refer?ncia foram tamb?m analisados em visita aos herb?rios ALCB, CEPEC, HRB, HUEFS, RB, SPF. Foram reconhecidas e coletadas 43 esp?cies, distribu?das em 28 g?neros, sendo Declieuxia (5 spp.), Borreria (3 spp.), Cordiera (3 spp.) e Psychotria (3 spp.) os g?neros mais diversos e, seguindo os estudos flor?sticos pr?vios na Cadeia do Espinha?o, houve um grande n?mero de g?neros (19) com apenas uma ?nica esp?cie. Psyllocarpus asparagoides, Psyllocarpus laricoides, Stachyarrhena reflexa s?o end?micas de Minas Gerais e Bahia; Declieuxia passerina e Galianthe peruviana s?o novas ocorr?ncias para a Bahia, e duas esp?cies s?o consideradas in?ditas para a ci?ncia (Randia sp. e Staelia sp.). S?o apresentados chaves de identifica??o gen?rica e espec?fica, descri??es, coment?rios taxon?micos para as esp?cies, al?m de fotos e ilustra??es.
Santana, Fernanda Afonso. "A fam?lia Asteraceae na Serra Geral de Lic?nio de Almeida, Bahia, Brasil." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/285.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Serra Geral de Lic?nio de Almeida (SGLA) is located in the central portion of the Espinha?o range, a region with no floristic studies. This paper presents the inventory of Asteraceae for the SGLA. Samples were collected in six bimonthly field trips (2011-2012) and the collected materials are inserted at HUEFS Herbarium. The results are presented in the checklist of the species, keys to tribes and species, followed by comments, aspects of reproductive phenology and geographical distribution of each species. Eighty-three species and 38 genera were found, represented in 12 tribes of Asteraceae. Of these, 13 are new records for Bahia state (Aldama oblongifolia, Aldama bracteata, Aspilia eglerii, Aspilia floribunda, Dasyphyllum vagans, Eremanthus polycephalus, Gochnatia discolor, Lychnophora ramosissima, Lepidaploa barbata, Lessingianthus laevigatus, Lessingianthus psilophyllus, Mikania obtusata e Proteopsis argentea) and two are new species to science (Lychnophora sp. 1 and Anteremanthus sp. nov.). The most representative tribe was Vernonieae (36 spp.), followed by Eupatorieae (17 spp.) and Heliantheae (8 spp.). The genera with the largest number of species were Lessingianthus (eight spp.), followed by Lepidaploa, Vernonanthura and Gochnatia, with five species each. A map of the study area with the respective collection sites and unpublished illustrations of Agrianthus myrtoides, Aspilia floribunda, Anteremanthus sp. nov., Chresta harleyi, Gochnatia densicephala, Lychnophora sp. 1 and Stomatanthes polycephalus are included as part of the results.
A Serra Geral de Lic?nio de Almeida (SGLA) est? localizada na por??o central da Cadeia do Espinha?o, regi?o carente em pesquisas bot?nicas. Neste trabalho ? apresentado um levantamento flor?stico da flora de Asteraceae para a SGLA. As coletas foram realizadas atrav?s de seis viagens bimestrais (2011-2012) ao campo e o material coletado encontra-se inserido no Herb?rio HUEFS. Os resultados s?o apresentados atrav?s do checklist das esp?cies, chaves de tribos e de esp?cies, seguido de coment?rios diagn?sticos, aspectos da fenologia reprodutiva e distribui??o geogr?fica de cada t?xon. Foram encontrados 12 tribos, 38 g?neros e 82 esp?cies. Destas, 13 s?o novas ocorr?ncias para o estado da Bahia (Aldama oblongifolia, Aldama bracteata, Aspilia eglerii, Aspilia floribunda, Dasyphyllum vagans, Eremanthus polycephalus, Gochnatia discolor, Lychnophora ramosissima, Lepidaploa barbata, Lessingianthus laevigatus, Lessingianthus psilophyllus, Mikania obtusata e Proteopsis argentea) e duas s?o esp?cies novas para a ci?ncia (Lychnophora sp. 1 e Anteremanthus sp. nov.). A tribo mais representativa foi Vernonieae (36 spp.), seguida de Eupatorieae (17 spp.) e Heliantheae (oito spp.). O g?nero com maior n?mero de esp?cies foi Lessingianthus (oito spp.), seguido de Lepidaploa, Vernonanthura e Gochnatia, com cinco esp?cies cada. Como parte dos dados ? inclu?do o mapa da ?rea de estudo e as respectivas localidades de coleta, al?m das ilustra??es in?ditas de Agrianthus myrtoides, Aspilia floribunda, Anteremanthus sp. nov., Chresta harleyi, Gochnatia densicephala, Lychnophora sp. 1. e Stomatanthes polycephalus.
Vionnet, Carlos Alberto. "Analysis of lubricant flows within the microgap of rotary lip seals." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186465.
Full textBenson, John D. "Transition to a time periodic flow in a through-flow lid-driven cavity." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18179.
Full textSCHOTTLER, ALLAN WERNER. "VISUALIZING FLOW IN BLACK-OIL RESERVOIRS USING VOLUMETRIC LIC." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35850@1.
Full textCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Na indústria de petróleo, é imprescindível a visualização clara e desambigua de campos vetoriais resultantes de simulações numéricas de reservatórios de petróleo. Nesta dissertação, estudamos o uso da convolução de integral de linha (Line Integral Convolution – LIC) para gerar imagens de campos vetoriais 3D estacionários e aplicar o resultado em um visualizador volumétrico na GPU. Devido a densidade de informação presente na visualização volumétrica, estudamos os uso de texturas esparsas como entrada para o algoritmo de LIC e aplicamos funções de transferência para designar cor e opacidade a volumes de campos escalares, a fim de codificar informações visuais a voxels e aliviar o problema de oclusão. Além disso, tratamos o problema de codificação da direção de fluxo, inerente do LIC, usando uma extensão do algoritmo – Oriented LIC (OLIC). Por último, demonstramos um método de animação do volume a fim de ressaltar a direção do fluxo ainda mais. Comparamos então resultados do algoritmo LIC com o de OLIC.
In the oil industry, clear and unambiguous visualization of vector fields resulting from numerical simulations of black-oil reservoirs is essential. In this dissertation, we study the use of line integral convolution techniques (LIC) for imaging 3D steady vector fields and apply the results to a GPU-based volume rendering algorithm. Due to the density of information present in volume renderings of LIC images, we study the use of sparse textures as input to the LIC algorithm and apply transfer functions to assign color and opacity to scalar fields in order to encode visual information to voxels and alleviate the occlusion problem. Additionally, we address the problem of encoding flow orientation, inherent to LIC, using an extension of the algorithm – Oriented LIC (OLIC). Finally, we present a method for volume animation in order to enhance the flow orientation. We then compare results obtained with LIC and with OLIC.
Mendes, Fernando Augusto Alves. "Estudo experimental do funcionamento de um sistema gas-lif /." Ilha Solteira: [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88853.
Full textAbstract: The operation principle of a gas-lift system is very simple: it is based on the injection of an inert gas close to the immersed edge of a tube, which is used for the rising of the liquid (riser). This system has been used in several industrial areas and more often in the petrochemical industry. Despite the fact that it was conceived over a century ago and that there have been a considerable amount of articles published on the subject, several aspects concerning the two-phase flow characteristics inside the riser as well as its operational system are still not very well known. In the present work, a small size air-lift system was thoroughly developed and tested, which facilitated the visualization of the system behavior when submitted to variations in the air flow, the immersion ratio and the injector geometry - containing three (3H) or fifteen holes (15H). Observation experiments were carried out making it possible to characterize the two-phase flow inside the riser. Experimental measurements were also taken in order to obtain the system characteristic efficiency and slopes. The quantitative results were analyzed together with the statistic images of the flow - taken by a digital photo camera, and with the dynamic images - taken by a high-speed filming camera. Through these images, it was also possible to estimate some important characteristic parameters of the slug flow associated to the displacement of the so-called Taylor bubble. The data obtained this way were compared to the figures originated from experimental correlations proposed by other authors, and they showed a fine agreement. Regarding the quantitative results, it was observed that under certain operation conditions the 3F injector is able to give the system a significantly greater efficiency than when the 15F injector is used
Orientador: Sérgio Said Mansur
Coorientador: Edson Del Rio Vieira
Banca: André Luiz Seixlack
Banca: Ricardo Augusto Mazza
Mestre
Farrugia, N. "Vector-scalar imaging in combustion using PIV and LIF." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309583.
Full textMendes, Fernando Augusto Alves [UNESP]. "Estudo experimental do funcionamento de um sistema gas-lif." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88853.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O princípio de funcionamento de um sistema gas-lift é bastante simples, baseando-se na injeção de um gás inerte próximo à extremidade submersa de um tubo utilizado para ascensão do líquido (riser). Esse sistema tem sido utilizado em diversos setores da indústria, dentre os quais se destaca o setor petroquímico. Apesar de ter sido concebido há mais de um século, e a despeito do considerável número de artigos publicados sobre o assunto, vários aspectos relativos às características do escoamento bifásico dentro do riser e ao funcionamento do sistema são, ainda, pouco conhecidos. No presente trabalho, um sistema air-lift de pequeno porte foi inteiramente desenvolvido e testado, permitindo observar o comportamento do sistema quando submetido a variações na vazão de ar, na razão de submersão e na geometria do injetor – contendo três (3F) ou quinze furos (15F). Ensaios de visualização foram conduzidos, possibilitando a caracterização do escoamento bifásico no interior do riser. Medições experimentais foram, também, realizadas para a obtenção da eficiência e das curvas características do sistema. Os resultados quantitativos foram interpretados em associação com imagens estáticas do escoamento, capturadas com uma câmera fotográfica digital, e com imagens dinâmicas, tomadas com o auxílio de uma filmadora de alta velocidade. A partir destas imagens, foi possível, ainda, a estimativa de alguns importantes parâmetros característicos do escoamento pistonado, associados ao deslocamento da chamada bolha de Taylor. Os dados assim obtidos foram comparados com valores oriundos de correlações empíricas propostas por outros autores, apresentando boa concordância. Com relação aos resultados quantitativos, observou-se que, sob determinadas condições de operação, o injetor 3F é capaz de atribuir ao sistema um rendimento significativamente maior...
The operation principle of a gas-lift system is very simple: it is based on the injection of an inert gas close to the immersed edge of a tube, which is used for the rising of the liquid (riser). This system has been used in several industrial areas and more often in the petrochemical industry. Despite the fact that it was conceived over a century ago and that there have been a considerable amount of articles published on the subject, several aspects concerning the two-phase flow characteristics inside the riser as well as its operational system are still not very well known. In the present work, a small size air-lift system was thoroughly developed and tested, which facilitated the visualization of the system behavior when submitted to variations in the air flow, the immersion ratio and the injector geometry – containing three (3H) or fifteen holes (15H). Observation experiments were carried out making it possible to characterize the two-phase flow inside the riser. Experimental measurements were also taken in order to obtain the system characteristic efficiency and slopes. The quantitative results were analyzed together with the statistic images of the flow - taken by a digital photo camera, and with the dynamic images – taken by a high-speed filming camera. Through these images, it was also possible to estimate some important characteristic parameters of the slug flow associated to the displacement of the so-called Taylor bubble. The data obtained this way were compared to the figures originated from experimental correlations proposed by other authors, and they showed a fine agreement. Regarding the quantitative results, it was observed that under certain operation conditions the 3F injector is able to give the system a significantly greater efficiency than when the 15F injector is used
Lemée, Thomas. "Shear-flow instabilities in closed flow." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112038.
Full textThis study focuses on the understanding of the physics of different instabilities in driven cavities, specifically the lid-driven cavity and the thermocapillarity driven cavity where flow in an incompressible fluid is driven either due to one or many moving walls or due to surface stresses that appear from surface tension gradients caused by thermal gradients. A spectral code is benchmarked on the well-studied case of the lid-cavity driven by one moving wall. In this case, It is shown that the flow transit form a steady regime to unsteady regime beyond a critical value of the Reynolds number. This work is the first to give a physical interpretation of the non-monotonic evolution of the critical Reynolds number versus the size of the cavity. When the fluid is driven by two facing walls moving in the same direction, the cavity possesses a plane of symmetry particularly sensitive. Thus, asymmetrical solutions can be observed in addition to the symmetrical solution above a certain value of the Reynolds number. The oscillatory transition between the symmetric solution and asymmetric solutions is explained physically by the forces in competition. In the asymmetric case, the change of the topology allows the flow to remain steady with increasing the Reynolds number. When the equilibrium is lost, an instability manifests by the appearance of an oscillatory regime in the asymmetric flow. In a rectangular cavity thermocapillary with a free surface, Smith and Davis found two types of thermal convective instabilities: steady longitudinal rolls and unsteady hydrothermal waves. The appearance of its instability has been highlighted repeatedly experimentally and numerically. While applications often involve more than a free surface, it seems that there is little knowledge about the thermocapillary driven flow with two free surfaces. A free liquid film possesses a particular plane of symmetry as in the case of the two-sided lid-driven cavity. A linear stability analysis for the free liquid film with two velocity profiles is presented with various Prandtl numbers. Beyond a critical Marangoni number, it is observed that these basic states are sensitive to four types of thermal convective instabilities, which can keep or break the symmetry of the system. Mechanisms that predict these instabilities are discovered and interpreted according to the value of the Prandtl number of the fluid. Comparison with the work of Smith and Davis is made. A direct numerical simulation is done to validate the results obtained with the linear stability analysis
Johansson, Mats. "Simulation of a multi phase flow in a rotating-lid driven cylinder." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-82177.
Full textSeegmiller, Patrick. "Explicit Construction of First Integrals for the Toda Flow on a Classical Simple Lie Algebra." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4699.
Full textMaisto, Pietro. "Experimental analysis and prospective flow diagnostic applications for fluorescence dye-doped microparticles." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64835.
Full textMaster of Science
Birembaux, Olivier. "Actions de groupes résolubles scindement de f-fibres hermitiens." Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b7bd7233-5e92-4465-8cce-ff9ef4078593.
Full textLiu, Ying. "Outlier detection by network flow." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007p/liu-ying.pdf.
Full textAdditional advisors: Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Kevin D. Reilly, Robert Thacker, Chengcui Zhang. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 7, 2008; title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-132).
Kumar, Pankaj. "Chaos in Pulsed Laminar Flow." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39260.
Full textPh. D.
Samadi, Reza. "Compaction, flow and mechanical properties in lap joints for large multilayer VARTM preforms." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27554.
Full textHussain, Amer. "A Numerical Study of Compressible Lid Driven Cavity Flow with a Moving Boundary." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2155.
Full textFenzi, Robin. "Numerical simulations of viscoelastic tridimensional lid-driven cavity flows." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
Find full textAl-Taweel, Ahmed Baqer. "Development of multiphase flow metering set-up utilizing coriolis meters." Dhahran, Saudi Arabia : King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 1997. http://library.kfupm.edu.sa/lib-downloads/1387233.pdf.
Full textNiimi, Tomohide, Hideo Mori, Kazuki Okabe, Yusuke Masai, and Mashio Taniguchi. "ANALYSES OF FLOW FIELD STRUCTURES AROUND LINEAR-TYPE AEROSPIKE NOZZLES USING LIF AND PSP." IEEE, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7168.
Full textYamashita, H., N. Hayashi, M. Ozeki, and K. Yamamoto. "Burning velocity and OH concentration in premixed combustion." Elsevier, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20032.
Full textAlméras, Élise. "Étude des propriétés de transport et de mélange dans les écoulements à bulles." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0115/document.
Full textBubble columns are commonly used for chemical processes because of their good mixing and transfer capabilities. This work aims at understanding and modelling the mixing induced by bubbles. In order to distinguish the differents mixing mechanisms, the dispersion of a low-diffusive scalar has been investigated in various experimental configurations. The first one is a bubbly flow in a Hele-Shaw cell where the confinement prevents from the developpement of turbulence. In this case, the mixing is controlled by the capture and the transport by the bubble wakes. This mechanism, which cannot be described by an effective diffusivity, has been modelled by considering the intermittent transport of finite volumes of dye. The second configuration is a homogeneous swarm of rising bubbles where the mixing results from the dispersion by the bubble-induced turbulence. It can therefore be modelled by an anistropic effective diffusivity, which becomes independent of the gas volume fraction beyond a certain value. Finally, an inhomogenous bubbly flow, where a liquid recirculation loop is present, has been considered. In the case of a moderate inhomogeneity, shear induced-turbulence is not generated by the gradients of the mean flow and the mixing can be modelled by the sum of the bubble-induced dispersion and the advection by the mean flow
Freibert, Marco [Verfasser], and Vicente [Akademischer Betreuer] Cortés-Suárez. "Geometric structures on Lie algebras and the Hitchin flow / Marco Freibert. Betreuer: Vicente Cortés-Suárez." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1036729400/34.
Full textFreibert, Marco [Verfasser], and Vicente [Akademischer Betreuer] Cortés. "Geometric structures on Lie algebras and the Hitchin flow / Marco Freibert. Betreuer: Vicente Cortés-Suárez." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1036729400/34.
Full textKaur, Amandeep. "Analytic and numerical aspects of isospectral flows." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270631.
Full textCenteno, Luis E. "Application of demand flow technology to cable assembly production line." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002centenol.pdf.
Full textPeterson, Lloyd G. "Lean/flow design event a manufacturing cost reduction case study /." Online version, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004petersonl.pdf.
Full textZanghi, Eric (Eric James). "Analysis of oil flow mechanisms in internal combustion engines via high speed Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92107.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 86-88).
Automotive manufacturers have a significant challenge ahead of them with new more stringent regulations for exhaust emissions and fuel economy being implemented in the coming future. To make an impact on current emissions and fuel economy, new advanced analytical methods, such as high speed Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF), must be employed when studying an internal combustion engine. With lubrication in the piston-ring pack assembly being one of the most significant contributors of oil consumption, it directly impacts exhaust emissions as well as indirectly affect fuel economy. High speed LIF spectroscopy has the ability to observe any oil flow mechanisms inside the cylinder which may be directly correlated to performance or oil consumption. This study intended to be a development process of taking a slower sampling LIF system and creating the high speed LIF for more advanced diagnostic purposes. Significant flaws were observed in the original LIF system, such as extremely low temporal resolution and error caused by temperature dependence in the dyes used for LIF spectroscopy. To develop this system, new lasers, optics, and cameras had to be tested to find which gave the best possible images. The implementation of the high speed camera fundamentally changed the observations and allowed for precise analysis of any and all oil flow mechanisms present in an internal combustion engine. While testing the system, old phenomena that had been previously documented allowed for a pseudo-calibration in which confirmation could be made that the system is working in a similar manner to the original system. Slow and fast cavitation effects were clearer than previous videos as well as the bridging effects which can be so detrimental to oil consumption. Even new phenomena were documented which provided much more work to be done in the future to truly understand and analyze these new oil mechanisms. This research is very much a diagnostic proof of concept such that others may be able to build such an analytical tool to understand oil flow mechanisms inside and internal combustion engine to better the fuel economy or exhaust emissions. Future experiments will truly determine the limit of what the system can do and how it can impact future engine designs.
by Eric Zanghi.
S.M.
Al-Muraikhi, Ahmed J. "Evaluation of vertical multiphase flow correlations for Saudi Arabian field conditions." Dhahran, Saudi Arabia : King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 1989. http://library.kfupm.edu.sa/lib-downloads/1381127.pdf.
Full textNichols, Andrew. "Free surface dynamics in shallow turbulent flows." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7345.
Full textYang, Ping. "Particle Vaporization Velocimetry and Quantitative Soot Concentration Measurement in Sooty Flows." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19843.
Full textLin, Shy-Yea [Verfasser]. "Coherent structures and rotational effects on the flow over spinners of horizontal axis wind turbines / Shy-Yea Lin." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122591918/34.
Full textGreen, Adam. "Structure and Dynamics of Two Flow Fields Used for Particle Deposition onto and Removal from a Substrate." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/554.
Full textXu, Ying. "TWO-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION OF SOLIDIFICATION IN FLOW FIELD USING PHASE-FIELD MODEL|MULTISCALE METHOD IMPLEMENTATION." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2006. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukymeen2006d00524/YingXu_Dissertation_2006.pdf.
Full textTitle from document title page (viewed on January 25, 2007). Document formatted into pages; contains: xiii, 162 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-157).
Santos, Daniel Dall'Onder dos. "Modelagem mecânica e investigação numérica de escoamentos de fluidos SMD empregando um método multi-campos de galerkin mínimos-quadrados." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/27259.
Full textNon-Newtonian fluids are the majority of liquids found on the nature and the study of their behavior has a significant importance on different areas of engineering. Among them, there is a wide class of materials that exhibits little or no deformation when subjected to a stress level behind an apparent yield stress – called the viscoplastic behavior. The present thesis aimed to a numerical study of two dimensional steady state laminar flows of non-linear viscoplastic fluids in a lid-driven cavity. The mechanical model was defined by the mass conservation and momentum balance equations coupled to the recently introduced Souza Mendes and Dutra – SMD – viscoplastic model and has been approximated by a stabilized multi-field finite element method based on the Galerkin least-squares methodology, having as primal variables the extra-stress, velocity and pressure fields. In this way, the compatibility conditions between the extra-stressvelocity and pressure-velocity (Babuška-Brezzi condition) finite element subspaces are violated, allowing to use equal-order finite element interpolations. The stabilized method has been implemented in the finite element code for non-Newtonian fluids under development at the Laboratory of Applied and Computational Fluid Mechanics (LAMAC) of UFRGS. In several works found on the literature, the yield surface of the material is defined as the region where the stress modulus is equal to the yield stress. Is shown in this work that this methodology can lead to some errors, due to the large strain rate increasing in a small range of values of stress on the vicinity of the yield stress. Therefore, it was adopted another approach, defining the yield surface as the line where the strain rate is equal to a value given by the relation of the rheological parameters of the fluid, namely the yield stress and the viscosity at low shear rates. In the performed numerical simulations, the jump number, J, the the power-law coefficient, n,and the non-dimensional flow rate, U*, are ranged in order to evaluate how they the influence on the viscoplastic fluid dynamics have been investigated. All results found were in accordance with the affine literature and attests the good stability features of the formulation.
Нагірний, Микола Михайлович, and Mykola Nagirny. "Дослідження системи транспортної логістики підприємства." Master's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2020. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/33994.
Full textНагірний М. М. Дослідження системи транспортної логістики підприємства – Рукопис. Кваліфікаційна робота на здобуття освітнього ступеня магістр за спеціальністю 275.03 – транспортні технології (на автомобільному транспорті). – Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, – Тернопіль, 2020. В першому розділі розглянуто теоретичні основи управління транспортними потоками підприємства, зокрема, поняття та структура систем управління логістичними транспортними потоками підприємств, напрями удосконалення системи управління транспортними потоками. В другому розділі проведено дослідження процесу управління транспортними потоками на підприємстві, проаналізовано показники діяльності підприємства, визначено чинники, що впливають на процес транспортування, проаналізовано діючу системи управління транспортними потоками підприємства. В третьому розділ розроблено заходи з удосконалення системи управління логістичними транспортними потоками підприємства, розроблено методику оцінки систем управління логістичними транспортними потоками та заходи з оптимізації маршрутів руху транспортних засобів, розраховано економічну ефективність. В четвертому розділі розглянуто заходи з охорони праці та безпеки життєдіяльності на транспорті. Дипломна робота викладена на 76 сторінках і містить 12 таблиць та 10 рисунків. Робота складається з вступу, 4 розділів і висновків. Для написання дипломної роботи було використано 29 літературних джерел.
ВСТУП 7 1. ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ РОЗДІЛ. ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ОСНОВИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЛОГІСТИЧНИМИ ТРАНСПОРТНИМИ ПОТОКАМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ 9 1.1. Поняття і структура системи управління логістичними потоками підприємства 9 1.2. Класифікація транспортних потоків в логістиці 20 1.3. Напрямки вдосконалення системи управління транспортними потоками 24 2. АНАЛІТИКО-ДОСЛІДНИЦЬКИЙ РОЗДІЛ. РОЗДІЛ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ УПРАВЛІННЯ ТРАНСПОРТНИМИ ПОТОКАМИ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ 28 2.1. Аналіз показників діяльності 28 2.2. Оцінка чинників, що впливають на процес транспортування 32 2.3. Аналіз діючої системи управління транспортними потоками 38 3. ПРОЕКТНО-РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЙНИЙ РОЗДІЛ. РОЗРОБКА ЗАХОДІВ З УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЛОГІСТИЧНИМИ ПОТОКАМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА 47 3.1. Розробка методики оцінки системи управління логістичними потоками підприємства 37 3.2. Розробка заходів оптимізації маршруту руху транспортних засобів 47 3.3. Розрахунок економічної ефективності 54 4. ОХОРОНА ПРАЦІ ТА БЕЗПЕКА В НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЯХ 67 4.1. Охорона праці на автомобільному транспорті. Рекомендації 4.2. Безпека життєдіяльності та система управління безпекою дорожнього руху 67 69 ВИСНОВКИ 72 СПИСОК ВИКОРИСТАНОЇ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ 74
Zavareh, Alireza. "Analytical and Numerical methods for a Mean curvature flow equation with applications to financial Mathematics and image processing." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2132.
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Lee, Heon Ju. "Application of a ratiometric laser induced fluorescence (LIF) thermometry for micro-scale temperature measurement for natural convection flows." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1128.
Full textBergamo, Leandro Fernandes. "Instabilidade hidrodinâmica linear do escoamento compressível em uma cavidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18148/tde-28052014-164324/.
Full textHydrodynamic instability mechanisms play an important role in laminar to turbulent transition. Hydrodynamic instability analysis of a lid-driven cavity flow was performed by global mode decomposition (biglobal) to evaluate compressibility effects on this phenomenon. The basic flow was calculated by direct numerical simulation (DNS). A compressible DNS code was developed with spectral-like compact finite difference spatial discretization. The code allows parallel processing with a domain decomposition method that preserves the compact finite difference accuracy. The basic flow is used to form the eigenvalue problem associated to the linear Navier- Stokes equations for the perturbation, which were discretized by an explicit finite difference scheme. The combination of sparse matrix techniques and finite difference discretization leads to a significant memory reduction. The order of the eigenvalue problem was reduced using the Arnoldi algorithm and the eigenvalues of interest were calculated. Results show the stabilizing effect of compressibility on the leading modes and reveal some modes intrinsic to compressible flow, for which compressibility has a destabilizing effect. Among these compressible modes, there are some related to sound propagation in ducts and to sound generation inside the cavity.
Lin, Ming-Yi [Verfasser], and Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Genzel. "Gas flows and stars in nuclear regions of nearby seyfert galaxies / Ming-Yi Lin ; Betreuer: Reinhard Genzel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1142787400/34.
Full textДуманський, Віталій Олегович, and Vitalii Dumanskyi. "Дослідження безпеки дорожнього руху на окремих ділянках вулично-дорожньої мережі обласного центру." Bachelor's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2021. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/35618.
Full textДуманський В.О. Дослідження безпеки дорожнього руху на окремих ділянках вулично-дорожньої мережі обласного центру — Рукопис. Кваліфікаційна робота на здобуття освітнього ступеня бакалавр за спеціальністю 275 Транспортні технології (на автомобільному транспорті). — Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, — Тернопіль, 2021. У кваліфікаційній роботі проведено дослідження елементів вулично-дорожньої мережі м. Тернопіль, та запропоновано організаційні заходи, які спрямовані на підвищення показників рівня безпеки для учасників дорожнього руху.
ВСТУП 5 РОЗДІЛ І АНАЛІЗ СТАНУ БЕЗПЕКИ ДОРОЖНЬОГО РУХУ НА ДОСЛІДЖУВАНОМУ ПЕРЕХРЕСТІ 8 1.1 Сучасний стан безпеки дорожнього руху 8 1.2 Основні чинники впливу на безпеку дорожнього руху 12 1.3 Встановлення місць (ділянок) концентрації дорожньо-транспортних пригод м. Тернопіль 15 1.4 Результати досліджень транспортних потоків на окремій ділянці вулично-дорожньої мережі 22 1.5 Аналіз дорожньої інфраструктури на ділянці концентрації ДТП 26 РОЗДІЛ II ЗАХОДИ ЩОДО ПІДВИЩЕННЯ БЕЗПЕКИ ДОРОЖНЬОГО РУХУ НА ДОСЛІДЖУВАНІЙ ДІЛЯНЦІ ВУЛИЧНО-ДОРОЖНЬОЇ МЕРЕЖІ 28 2.1 Підвищення якості інформаційного впливу на учасників дорожнього руху 28 2.1.1. Інформаційне табло для водіїв 29 2.1.2 Зменшення кількості зовнішньої реклами 34 2.1.3 Заміна дорожніх знаків, що не відповідають ДСТУ 4100-2014 36 2.2 Облаштування пішохідних переходів на аварійно-небезпечних ділянках 37 2.3 Зниження інтенсивності руху на ділянках з підвищеною концентрацією ДТП 40 2.4 Моделювання стану безпеки руху у місті Тернопіль 41 РОЗДІЛ ІІІ ОХОРОНА ПРАЦІ ТА БЕЗПЕКА ЖИТТЄДІЯЛЬНОСТІ 49 3.1 Вплив дорожньо-транспортних ситуацій на безпеку людини 49 3.2 Стомлення, його причини та психофізіологічні механізми 50 ЗАГАЛЬНІ ВИСНОВКИ 52 ПЕРЕЛІК ПОСИЛАНЬ 53
Мудра, Ілона Олегівна, and Ilona Mudra. "Аналіз режимів регулювання транспортних потоків на вулично-дорожній мережі." Bachelor's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2021. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/35622.
Full textМудра І.О. Аналіз режимів регулювання транспортних потоків на вулично-дорожній мережі — Рукопис. Кваліфікаційна робота на здобуття освітнього ступеня бакалавр за спеціальністю 275 Транспортні технології (на автомобільному транспорті). — Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, — Тернопіль, 2021. У кваліфікаційній роботі проведено дослідження закономірності впливу технічних засобів організації дорожнього руху на інтенсивність транспортних потоків та затримки транспортних засобів при проїзді ділянок вулично-дорожньої мережі.
ВСТУП 6 РОЗДІЛ 1. АНАЛІЗ МЕТОДІВ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ПРОЇЗДУ РЕГУЛЬОВАНИХ ПЕРЕХРЕСТЬ ТА ЇХ ПЛАНУВАЛЬНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ 7 1.1 Вплив планувальних особливостей вулично-дорожньої мережі на можливості застосування примусового регулювання 7 1.2 Методи та моделі розрахунку транспортних затримок на регульованих перехрестях 12 1.3 Характеристика та аналіз досліджуваної вулично-дорожньої мережі міста 13 1.4 Аналіз існуючого стану ОДР на окремих ділянках руху проспекту Миру 24 РОЗДІЛ 2 ФОРМУВАННЯ РАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ РЕЖИМІВ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ПОТОКІВ НА ВУЛИЧНО-ДОРОЖНІЙ МЕРЕЖІ 31 2.1 Теоретичні передумови розрахунку параметрів «Зеленої хвилі» 31 2.2 Результати розрахунку параметрів координованого світлофорного регулювання 35 РОЗДІЛ 3 ОХОРОНА ПРАЦІ ТА БЕЗПЕКА ЖИТТЄДІЯЛЬНОСТІ 45 3.1 Основи безпеки дорожнього руху 45 3.2 Основні причини скоєння дорожньо-транспортних пригод та безпека учасників ДР 46 ЗАГАЛЬНІ ВИСНОВКИ 49 ПЕРЕЛІК ПОСИЛАНЬ 51
Loiseau, Jean-Christophe. "Dynamics and global stability analysis of three-dimensional flows." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0016/document.
Full textUnderstanding, predicting and eventually delaying transition to turbulence in fluid flows have been challenging issues for scientists ever since the pioneering work of Osborne Reynolds in 1883. These problems have mostly been addressed using the hydrodynamic linear stability theory. Yet, due to limited computational resources, linear stability analyses have essentially relied until recently on strong simplification hypotheses such as the “parallel flow” assumption. In this framework, known as “local stability theory”, only the stability of flows with strong academic interest but limited practical applications can be investigated. However, over the course of the past decade, simplification hypotheses have been relaxed from the “parallel flow” assumption to a two-dimensionality assumption of the flow resulting in what is now known as the “global stability theory”. This new framework allows one to investigate the instability and transition mechanisms taking place in more realistic flows. More particularly, the stability of strongly non-parallel flows exhibiting separation, a common feature of numerous flows of practical interest, can now be studied. Moreover, with the continuous increase of computational power available and the development of new iterative eigenvalue algorithms, investigating the global stability of fully three-dimensional flows, for which no simplification hypothesis is necessary, is now feasible. Following the work presented in 2008 by Bagheri et al., the aim of the present thesis is thus to develop the tools mandatory to investigate the stability of 3D flows. Three flow configurations have been chosen to illustrate the new investigation capabilities brought by global stability theory when it is applied to realistic three-dimensional flows: i) the flow within a cuboid lid-driven cavity, ii) the flow within an asymmetric stenotic pipe and iii) the boundary layer flow developing over a cylindrical roughness element mounted on a flat plate. Each of these flows have different practical applications ranging from purely academic interests to biomedical and aerodynamical applications. They also allow us to put in the limelight different aspects and possible limitations of the various tools developed during this PhD thesis
Дем'янюк, Тимофій Русланович, and Tymofii Demianiuk. "Розробка автоматизованої інформаційної системи надання послуг клієнтам будівельної компанії." Bachelor's thesis, Тернопіль, ТНТУ, 2021. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/35407.
Full textДем’янюк Т.Р. Розробка автоматизованої інформаційної системи надання послуг клієнтам будівельної компанії. 151 – автоматизація та комп’ютерно-інтегровані технології. – Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя. – Тернопіль, 2021. У роботі було розроблено автоматизовану інформаційну систему для обслуговування клієнтів будівельної компанії. Було детально розглянуто структуру управління підприємством, описано його технічні можливості, побудовано структурно-функціональну діаграму організації бізнес-процесів підприємства. На основі аналізу вхідних даних було розглянуто існуючі засоби для побудови автоматизованих інформаційних систем. Для реалізації обрано оболонку 1С Підприємство. У роботі також було проаналізовано та вдосконалено усі процеси для прискорення виконання замовлення. Для цього було створено усі необхідні інструменти: форми для вводу інформації, підсистеми, загальні модулі, константи, довідники, звіти. Впровадження такої системи дозволяє значно скоротити затрати часу на створення документації, та оформлення замовлення, покращує контроль за його виконанням, підвищує захищеність інформації, та надає можливість оперативного контролю за усіма сферами діяльності. На основі згенерованих звітів є можливість аналізувати діяльність підприємства, що значно підвищує його мобільність.
Demianiuk Т. Development of an automatic information system of services providing to a building company clients. 151 - automation and computer integrated technologies. - Ivan Puliuyi Ternopil National Technical University. - Ternopil, 2021. An automated information system for customer service of a construction company was developed in the work. The structure of enterprise management was considered in detail, its technical possibilities were described, the structural-functional diagram of the organization of business processes of the enterprise was constructed. Based on the analysis of input data, the existing tools for building automated information systems were considered. The 1C Enterprise shell was chosen for implementation. The paper also analyzed and improved all processes to speed up order fulfillment. To do this, all the necessary tools were created: forms for entering information, subsystems, general modules, constants, directories, reports. The introduction of such a system significantly reduces the time spent on creating documentation and ordering, improves control over its implementation, increases the security of information, and provides the ability to quickly control all areas of activity. Based on the generated reports, it is possible to analyze the activities of the enterprise, which significantly increases its mobility.
ВСТУП 6 1. АНАЛІТИЧНА ЧАСТИНА 8 1.1. Організаційна структура управління підприємством та його характеристика 8 1.2 Опис інформаційного і технічного забезпечення підприємства, використовуваних функціональних можливостей 10 1.3 Структурно-функціональна діаграма організації бізнесу «Як є» і її опис 11 1.4 Аналіз існуючих розробок для автоматизації комплексу завдань. 17 2. ПРОЄКТНА ЧАСТИНА 21 2.1 Вибір комплексу задач автоматизації і характеристика існуючих бізнес-процесів. 21 2.2 Опис основних властивостей інформаційної системи для підприємства і обраного комплексу завдань. 23 2.3 Економічна сутність комплексу задач. 24 2.4 Вибір і обгрунтування стратегії автоматизації комплексу завдань. 26 2.5 Вибір і обгрунтування способу придбання інформаційної системи для автоматизації комплексу завдань 27 2.6. Розгорнута постановка мети, завдання і підзадач автоматизації. Аналіз плану «Як повинно бути». 28 3 СПЕЦІАЛЬНА ЧАСТИНА 35 3.1. Реалізація конфігурації. 35 4 БЕЗПЕКА ЖИТТЄДІЯЛЬНОСТІ, ОСНОВИ ОХОРОНИ ПРАЦІ 47 4.1. Загальна характеристика приміщення і робочого місця 48 4.2. Аналіз потенційно небезпечних і шкідливих виробничих факторів на робочому місці 49 ВИСНОВКИ 58 БІБЛІОГРАФІЯ 59