Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flow-induced crystallization

Academic literature on the topic 'Flow-induced crystallization'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Flow-induced crystallization"

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Derakhshandeh, Maziar, Bashar Jazrawi, George Hatzikiriakos, Antonios K. Doufas, and Savvas G. Hatzikiriakos. "Flow-induced crystallization of polypropylenes in capillary flow." Rheologica Acta 54, no. 3 (December 19, 2014): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00397-014-0829-4.

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Fortelný, Ivan, Jana Kovářová, and Josef Kovář. "Flow-Induced Crystallization of High-Density Polyethylene." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, no. 10 (1995): 1733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19951733.

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Crystallization induced by flow in the capillary viscometer was studied for four grades of linear polyethylene. From rheological and DSC measurements it follows that crystallization was induced in all samples under study at temperatures higher than melting temperatures of the same samples crystallized at rest. The maximum temperature of flow-induced crystallization increases with increasing molar mass of polyethylene. Flow-induced crystallization of injection moulding grades of polyethylene only takes place in a limited interval of shear rates. This effect is explained as a consequence of the shear rate distribution in the capillary.
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Swartjes, F. H. M., G. W. M. Peters, S. Rastogi, and H. E. H. Meijer. "Stress Induced Crystallization in Elongational Flow." International Polymer Processing 18, no. 1 (March 2003): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.1719.

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Massaro, R., P. Roozemond, M. D'Haese, and P. Van Puyvelde. "Flow-Induced Crystallization of Polyamide-6." International Polymer Processing 33, no. 3 (July 29, 2018): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.3524.

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Coppola, Salvatore, Nino Grizzuti, and Pier Luca Maffettone. "Microrheological Modeling of Flow-Induced Crystallization." Macromolecules 34, no. 14 (July 2001): 5030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma010275e.

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Nazari, Behzad, Alicyn M. Rhoades, Richard P. Schaake, and Ralph H. Colby. "Flow-Induced Crystallization of PEEK: Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics and Lifetime of Flow-Induced Precursors during Isothermal Annealing." ACS Macro Letters 5, no. 7 (June 30, 2016): 849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00326.

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Cascone, Annarita, and René Fulchiron. "Squeeze flow induced crystallization monitoring in polymers." Polymer Testing 30, no. 7 (October 2011): 760–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2011.06.012.

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McHugh, A. J., and A. K. Doufas. "Modeling flow-induced crystallization in fiber spinning." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 32, no. 8 (August 2001): 1059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(00)00170-6.

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Dairanieh, I. S., A. J. Mchugh, and A. K. Doufas. "A Phenomenological Model for Flow-Induced Crystallization." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 18, no. 5 (March 1999): 464–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073168449901800506.

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Lamberti, Gaetano. "ChemInform Abstract: Flow Induced Crystallization of Polymers." ChemInform 45, no. 21 (May 8, 2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201421287.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flow-induced crystallization"

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Thurman, Derek Wade Bercaw John E. "Molecular aspects of flow-induced crystallization of polypropylene /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : Caltech, 2006. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12032005-115154.

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Jalali, Amirjalal. "Quiescent and flow-induced crystallization of poly(lactic acid)." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9892.

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Le poly(acide lactique), PLA, est un polymère biocompatible et biodégradable, qui peut être produit à partir de ressources renouvelables. En conséquence, il a soulevé une attention toute particulière en tant que remplacement éventuel des polymères à base de pétrole. C’est un polyester aliphatique ayant des propriétés telles que module élevé, haute résistance, biocompatibilité et est donc un matériau prometteur pour diverses applications telles que les implants, l’encapsulation de médicaments et l'emballage. A cause de sa faible température de transition vitreuse, le PLA a une faible résistance thermique et les applications sont donc limitées à celles qui ne sont pas associées à des températures élevées. En outre, ce polymère souffre d'un faible degré de cristallinité. L'augmentation du taux de cristallinité dans de nombreuses techniques de mise en forme, telles que le moulage par injection, est nécessaire. Il y a plusieurs façons d'augmenter le niveau de cristallinité du PLA. Ces procédés comprennent l'utilisation d'agents nucléants, de plastifiants, ou de combinaisons d'agents plastifiants et de nucléation. La cristallisation du PLA à l'état fondu se présente sous deux formes cristallines légèrement différentes connues sous les noms α et α'. Cette étude compare la capacité d'auto-nucléation de ces deux formes cristallines par auto-nucléation. Ceci est réalisé en comparant les températures de cristallisation lors du refroidissement des échantillons préalablement cristallisés à diverses températures, puis de nouveau chauffé à une température dans la plage de fusion partielle du PLA. Dans la deuxième étape, l'effet des paramètres cinétiques et le poids moléculaire du PLA sur l'efficacité de nucléation des PLA phases cristallines a été étudié. Cette partie de l’étude ouvre une nouvelle voie pour comprendre le rôle des modifications cristallines du PLA qui mènent aux conditions optimales pour la cristallisation du PLA. La mise en forme des polymères implique des contraintes de cisaillement et d’élongation, ce qui implique une cristallisation induite par l’écoulement et la solidification qui s’en suit. Les propriétés mécaniques des produits finals dépendent du degré de cristallisation et de la nature des cristaux formés. Par conséquent, l'optimisation du procédé nécessite une bonne compréhension de la façon dont l’écoulement influence la cristallisation. Le type d'écoulement peut jouer un rôle important sur la cristallisation. Par exemple, l'écoulement élongationnel provoque l’orientation et l’étirement des molécules dans le sens de l'extension, comme dans le cas de la mise en forme de fibres et le soufflage de film, en aidant le processus de cristallisation induite par l'écoulement. Une littérature abondante existe sur la ii cristallisation des thermoplastiques classiques induite par l'écoulement. Cela dit, moins d'attention a été accordée à l'effet de l'écoulement de cisaillement et d'allongement sur la cristallisation du PLA. Comme étudié dans la dernière partie de ce document, l'effet du poids moléculaire sur la cristallisation induite par cisaillement du PLA est rapporté. Pour cela, trois différents PLA à faible, moyen et haut poids moléculaire ont été préparés par réaction d'hydrolyse. Ensuite, en utilisant un rhéomètre oscillatoire, l’effet du cisaillement sur la cinétique de cristallisation du PLA a été examiné.
Abstract : Poly(lactic acid), PLA, is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer that can be produced from renewable resources. As a result, it has raised particular attention as a potential replacement for petroleum-based polymers. It is an aliphatic polyester with properties such as high modulus, high strength, and biocompatibility and is thus a promising material for various applications such as implants, drug encapsulation, and packaging. In the wake of low glass transition temperature, PLA has a low heat resistance and its application is limited to those not associated with high temperatures. In addition, this polymer suffers from a low degree of crystalinity. Increasing the crystallization rate in many processing operations, such as injection molding, is required. So far, many routes have been found to improve the crystallinity of PLA. These methods include using nucleating agents, plasticizers, and combination of nucleating agents and plasticizers together. PLA crystallization in the melt state results in two slightly different crystalline forms known as α and α’forms. This thesis compares the self-nucleation ability of these two crystal forms by self-nucleation. This is achieved by comparing crystallization temperatures upon cooling for samples previously crystallized at various temperatures and then re-heated to a temperature in the partial melting range for PLA. In the second step, we study the effect of molecular weight of PLA on the nucleation efficiency of PLA crystalline phases. This part of the investigation opens a new pathway to understand the role of PLA crystalline phases on the optimal condition for its crystallization kinetics. Polymer processing operations involve mixed shear and elongational flows and cause polymer molecules to experience flow-induced crystallization during flow and subsequent solidification. The mechanical properties of the final products are significantly dependent upon the degree of crystallization and types of formed crystals. Therefore, optimization of any polymer process requires a good understanding of how flow influences crystallization. The type of flow can play a significant role in affecting crystallization. For example, elongational flow causes molecules to orient and stretch in the direction of extension, as in the case of fiber spinning and film blowing, helping the process of flow-induced crystallization. An extensive body of literature exists on flow-induced crystallization of conventional thermoplastics. Having said that, less attention has been paid to the effect of shear and elongational flow on the PLA crystallization kinetics. As investigated in the final part of this thesis, the effect of iv molecular weight on the shear-induced crystallization of PLA is reported. For this, low, medium and high molecular-weight PLAs were prepared from a high molecular weight one by a hydrolysis reaction. Next, by means of a simple rotational rheometry, effect of the shear flow was examined on the crystallization kinetics of these three PLAs.
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Hadinata, Chitiur, and chitiurh@yahoo com au. "Flow-induced crystallization of polybutene-1 and effect of molecular parameters." RMIT University. Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080212.163803.

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There are two main goals of this thesis: to investigate the flow-induced crystallization behaviour of Polybutene-1 (PB-1 samples, and to study the effects of molecular parameters on the crystallization behaviour While flow-induced crystallization is not a new area in polymer research, well-defined experimental methods that allow access to high flow rate range comparable to that encountered in real processing are still lacking. Two types of flow are considered: shear and uniaxial elongational. Regarding the second aim, several molecular parameters considered are: molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, isotacticity, presence of nucleating agents, and copolymer content. For this purpose an array of PB-1 samples were used. It is found that each of these parameters can have significant effect on the crystallization behaviour. Mainly rheological methods were utilized to conduct the flow-induced crystallization experiments. Crystallization onset time is define d from the change in viscosity or other related parameters. The experiments begin with low shear rate range, to ensure that the results are comparable with literature data. In this range we encounter the quasi-quiescent onset time at very small. shear rates, which draws an interesting comparison with another physical parameter, the gel time. Beyond a critical flow rate a decrease in the onset time is seen, and a plateau-and-slope trend is evident for a curve of onset time vs. shear rate. Using a combination of three experimental methods, shear rates ranging from Q0001 - 500 s-1 are successfully achieved, and a good agreement between these methods is observed. Furthermore, a normalization procedure is introduced, which yields temperature-invariant curves for the mentioned range of shear rate. For the uniaxial elongation flow, the Elongational Viscosity Fixture (EVF) is employed, with the strain rate ranging from 0.0001 - 10 s'. A greater reduction in onset time as compared to shear (at the same shear/strain r ate) is observed, and the difference in the onset times for shear and elongation already reaches more than one decade for a flow rate of 10 5. This quantitative comparison is particularly important; since not so many data on elongation-induced crystallization are available in the literature. Finally, the thesis compares several flow induced crystallization models that can be useful as prediction tools and selects one of these models to be compared with the experimental data. A qualitative agreement is found, however, for better quantitative prediction the model still needs to be.
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Kannan, Krishna. "A thermodynamical framework for the solidification of molten polymers and its application to fiber extrusion." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3065.

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A thermodynamical framework is presented that describes the solidification of molten polymers to an amorphous as well as to a semicrystalline solid-like state. This framework fits into a general structure developed for materials undergoing a large class of entropy producing processes. The molten polymers are usually isotropic in nature and certain polymers crystallize, with the exception of largely atactic polymers, which solidify to an amorphous solid, to an anisotropic solid. The symmetry of the crystalline structures in the semicrystalline polymers is dependent upon the thermomechanical process to which the polymer is subjected to. The framework presented takes into account that the natural configurations associated with the polymer melt (associated with the breaking and reforming of the polymer network) and the solid evolve in addition to the evolving material symmetry associated with these natural configurations. The functional form of the various primitives such as how the material stores, dissipates energy and produces entropy are prescribed. Entropy may be produced by a variety of mechanisms such as conduction, dissipation, solidification, rearragement of crystalline structures due to annealing and so forth. The manner in which the natural configurations evolve is dictated by the maximization of the rate of dissipation. Similarly, the crystallization and glass transition kinetics may be obtained by maximization of their corresponding entropy productions. The restrictions placed by the second law of thermodynamics, frame indiference, material symmetry and incompressibility allows for a class of constitutive equations and the maximization of the rate of entropy production is invoked to select a constitutive equation from an allowable class of constitutive equations. Using such an unified thermodynamic approach, the popular crystallization equations such as Avrami equation and its various modifications such as Nakamura and Hillier and Price equations are obtained. The predictions of the model obtained using this framework are compared with the spinline data for amorphous and semicrystalline polymers.
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Fernandez-Ballester, Lucia Kornfield Julia A. Kornfield Julia A. "Formation of oriented precursors in flow-induced polymer crystallization : experimental methods and model materials /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2007. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05082007-152644.

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Murase, Hiroki. "Flow-induced phase separation and crystallization in semidilute solutions of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144863.

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Đjurdjević, Predrag (Predrag Dragutin). "Molecular dynamics modeling of orientation-induced nucleation in short alkanes : toward molecular modeling of flow-induced crystallization in polymers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79557.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2013.
Title as it appears in MIT degrees awarded booklet, September 2012: Molecular simulation of primary nucleation and growth from oriented melts in polyethylene. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-63).
The enhancement of the primary flow-induced nucleation rate in short chain alkanes (C20 and C150) has been examined for different levels of orientation by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. The nucleation rate has been found to change drastically by varying average molecular orientation and temperature. For example, it is possible to accelerate nucleation kinetics by three orders of magnitude at the same temperature, but varying the average level of orientation (P2 (cos [Theta])) . The size of the critical nucleus has been found to increase with the level of undercooling Tm - T decrease, consistent with the classical nucleation theory. Our atomnistic molecular dynamics simulation model is even tractable at the small levels of undercooling, thus clearly demonstrating the effects of orientation (melt anisotropy) on nucleation kinetics when thermal nucleation is expected to be negligible. Furthermore, we calculate the influence of melt anisotropy on the growth rate. As expected, the growth rate is also altered by melt anisotropy. Furthermore, the growth rate maximum always occurs at the temperature above the nucleation kinetics maximum.
by Predrag Đjurdjević.
S.M.
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Derakhshandeh, Maziar. "Flow-induced crystallization of high-density polyethylene : the effects of shear, uniaxial extension and temperature." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37669.

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The effects of shear, uniaxial extension and temperature on the flow-induced crystallization of two different types of two high-density polyethylenes (a metallocene and a Ziegler-Natta HDPE) are examined using rheometry. Shear and uniaxial extension experiments were performed at temperatures below and well above the peak melting point of the polyethylene’s in order to characterize their flow-induced crystallization behavior at rates relevant to processing. Generally, strain and strain rate found to enhance crystallization in both shear and elongation. In particular, extensional flow was found to be a much stronger stimulus for polymer crystallization compared to shear. At temperatures well above the melting peak point (up to 25°C), polymer crystallized under elongational flow, while there was no sign of crystallization under simple shear. A modified Kolmogorov crystallization model (Kolmogorov AN (1937) On the statistics of the crystallization process on metals. Bull Akad Sci. USSR, Class Sci, Math Nat. 1:355–359) proposed by Tanner (Tanner RI (2009) Stretching, shearing and solidification, Chem Eng Sci, 64:4576-4579) was used to describe the crystallization kinetics under both shear and elongational flow. The model was found to predict the FIC behaviour under low deformation rates and various temperatures well; however the predictions for the higher rates were not satisfactory.
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Szántó, Levente [Verfasser], Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Friedrich, and Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Mülhaupt. "Ultra-broad molecular weight distributed multimodal blends of linear polyethylene: its linear and nonlinear viscoelastic properties and flow-induced crystallization ability." Freiburg : Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1224416511/34.

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Nebouy, Matthias. "Nanostructuration, reinforcement in the rubbery state and flow properties at high shear strain of thermoplastic elastomers : Experiments and modeling." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI135.

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Les élastomères thermoplastiques, faits de copolymères à blocs segmentés formant des domaines mous et durs (cristallites) séparés sont largement utilisés dans l'industrie pour la production d’éléments divers (tableaux de bord, gaines de câbles ou encore adjuvants pour le bitume). Cependant, l’approche souvent très empirique consistant à modifier la composition de la chaîne et observer l’impact sur les propriétés finales laisse peu de place à la compréhension et à la généralisation de relations structure-propriétés qui restent encore mal comprises. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'apporter une meilleure compréhension des points suivants. Quels sont les effets de l'architecture de la chaîne et des conditions de procédé sur la cinétique de cristallisation et la morphologie résultante ? Peut-on expliquer l’origine du renforcement dans ces matériaux à partir de leur structure particulière ? Comment la cristallisation induite sous écoulement influence-t-elle les propriétés rhéologiques ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous proposons de combiner l’étude expérimentale basée sur la caractérisation structurale et rhéologique de copolymères multiblocs (polybutylène téréphtalate – polytétrahydrofurane) avec une approche numérique passant par le développement d’un modèle gros-grains pour la simulation en dynamique moléculaire. Les travaux ainsi menés ont abouti aux résultats principaux suivants. Premièrement, il a été montré que la structure multiphasique, résultant d’une cristallisation bimodale dont la cinétique est essentiellement contrôlée par la longueur du segment mou, dépend fortement des conditions de mise en œuvre menant à des structures plus ordonnées lorsque la mobilité des chaînes est élevée. Ensuite, l’analyse de la topologie du réseau semicristallin a permis de mettre en avant deux paramètres pertinents permettant de prédire l’évolution du plateau caoutchoutique : la fraction volumique et la largeur des cristallites. Enfin, l'évolution des propriétés d’écoulement au cours de la cristallisation sous déformation a été décrite en élaborant un modèle rhéologique basé sur le ralentissement de la dynamique des chaînes
Thermoplastic elastomers, made of segmented block copolymers forming phase-separated domains (hard/soft) are widely used in the industry for various applications (car dashboards, cable sheathing or even bitumen modifiers). However, the empirical approach often used consisting in modifying the chain composition and looking at the consequences on the final properties lacks of understanding and the structure-properties relationships remain elusive nowadays. The main objective of this thesis is to bring new insights on the following points. What are the effects of the chain architecture and processing conditions on the crystallization kinetics and resulting morphology? Can we explain the reinforcement effect in these materials from the knowledge of their particular structure? How does the flow-induced crystallization influence the rheological properties? To answer these questions, we propose to combine an experimental study, based on structural and rheological characterizations of multiblock copolymers (polybutylene terephthalate – polytetrahydrofuran), with a numerical approach consisting in the development of a coarse-grained model for molecular dynamic simulations. This work led to the following main results. First, it was shown that the multiphasic structure, resulting from a bimodal crystallization whose kinetics is essentially controlled by the soft segment’s length, highly depends on the processing conditions, leading to more ordered structures when the chain mobility is higher. Then, the topological analysis of the semicrystalline network enabled to identify two key parameters to predict the evolution of the plateau modulus: volume fraction and width of the crystallites. Finally, the evolution of the flow properties under flow-induced crystallization was described thanks to the elaboration of a rheological model based on the slowdown of the chains dynamics
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Books on the topic "Flow-induced crystallization"

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Zuidema, Hans. Flow induced crystallization of polymers. Eindhoven: University of Eindhoven, 2000.

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(Editor), Gaetano Guerra, Giuseppe Titomanlio (Editor), I. Meisel (Editor), K. Grieve (Editor), C. S. Kniep (Series Editor), and S. Spiegel (Series Editor), eds. Flow-Induced Crystallization of Polymers (Macromolecular Symposia). Wiley-VCH, 2002.

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Giuseppe, Titomanlio, and Guerra Gaetano, eds. Invited lectures and selected contributions from the conference Flow-induced Crystallization of Polymers: Impact on processing and manufacturing properties : held in Salerno, Italy, 15th-17th October 2001. Weinheim, Germany: WILEY-VCH, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flow-induced crystallization"

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Peters, Gerrit W. M., Luigi Balzano, and Rudi J. A. Steenbakkers. "Flow-Induced Crystallization." In Handbook of Polymer Crystallization, 399–432. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118541838.ch14.

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Roozemond, Peter C., Martin van Drongelen, and Gerrit W. M. Peters. "Modeling Flow-Induced Crystallization." In Polymer Crystallization II, 243–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/12_2016_351.

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Janeschitz-Kriegl, Hermann. "Flow Induced Processes Causing Oriented Crystallization." In Crystallization Modalities in Polymer Melt Processing, 111–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77317-9_3.

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Janeschitz-Kriegl, Hermann. "Flow Induced Processes Causing Oriented Crystallization." In Crystallization Modalities in Polymer Melt Processing, 107–93. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-87627-5_3.

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Rhoades, Alicyn, and Roberto Pantani. "Poly(Lactic Acid): Flow-Induced Crystallization." In Thermal Properties of Bio-based Polymers, 87–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/12_2019_49.

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Peters, Gerrit W. M. "A Computational Model for Processing of Semicrystalline Polymers: The Effects of Flow-Induced Crystallization." In Polymer Crystallization, 312–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45851-4_17.

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McHugh, A. J. "Kinetics and Mechanisms of Flow-Induced Crystallization." In Integration of Fundamental Polymer Science and Technology—2, 371–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1361-5_53.

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van Meerveld, Jan, and Markus Hütter. "About the Proper Choice of Variables to Describe Flow-Induced Crystallization in Polymer Melts." In IUTAM Symposium on Physicochemical and Electromechanical Interactions in Porous Media, 315–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3865-8_36.

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McHUGH, A. J., and R. K. GUY. "FLOW - INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION IN POLYMER MELTS." In Theoretical and Applied Rheology, 425. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-89007-8.50177-5.

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Zuidema, H., G. W. M. Peters, and H. E. H. Meijer. "Polymer Injection Molding: Flow-induced Crystallization." In Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, 7364–69. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043152-6/01312-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flow-induced crystallization"

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Toga, Shinji, and Takatsune Narumi. "Flow Induced Crystallization of Colloidal Dispersion." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-14021.

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In this study, we have examined a crystallization effect of colloidal dispersion induced by the various elongational flows. Extremely strong electrostatic repulsion makes a crystal structure called ‘colloid crystal’. A colloid crystal has hundreds of nano-meters in grating scale and it reflects the visible light due to the Bragg diffraction. It has the potential to become different photonic devices such as an inexpensive photonic device and a planar laser source, but it requires the evolution of the process of making a single-crystal with external stimulus. The methods using flow operation described in this study are expected to the crystallization action of a colloidal dispersion. In the experiment, 2 types of the flow have been examined. The flows have a contraction or an expansion part between two parallel plates separated by 0.1 mm gap and it cause deformations of a contraction or an extension for the colloid. We have evaluated the crystallization effects by a spectroscopic observation of visible-lights reflection on the flow region. As a result, while expansion flows have no crystallization effect, contraction flows have shown it.
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Mu, Yue, Guoqun Zhao, Xianghong Wu, and Guiwei Dong. "Numerical investigation of viscoelastic flow induced crystallization in polymer processing." In THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUMERICAL METHODS IN INDUSTRIAL FORMING PROCESSES: NUMIFORM 2013. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4806932.

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Zinet, Matthieu, Rabie El Otmani, M’hamed Boutaous, and Patrice Chantrenne. "A Numerical Model for Non-Isothermal Flow Induced Crystallization in Thermoplastic Polymers." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12122.

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In industrial forming processes such as extrusion or injection molding, polymeric materials experience severe thermomechanical conditions: high pressure, high deformation rates, very fast cooling kinetics and important temperature gradients. In semi-crystalline thermoplastics, such as polypropylene, these phenomena have a major influence on the crystallization occurring during cooling, which determines the final microstructure. Predicting the solidified part properties by numerical simulation requires the implementation of a crystallization kinetics model including both the thermally and flow induced effects. In this work, a numerical model simulating polymer crystallization under non-isothermal flows is developed. The model is based on the assumption that the polymer melt elasticity, quantified by the first normal stress difference, is the driving force of flow-induced extra nucleation. Two sets of Schneider equations are used to describe the growth of thermally and flow induced nuclei. The model is then coupled with the momentum equations and the energy equation. As an application, a simple shear flow configuration between two plates (Couette flow) is simulated. The relative influence of the mechanical and thermal phenomena on the crystallization development as well as the final morphology distribution is finally analyzed as a function of the shearing intensity, in terms of nucleation density and crystallite mean sizes.
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Scelsi, Lino, Dietmar Auhl, Harley Klein, Malcolm R. Mackley, Albert Co, Gary L. Leal, Ralph H. Colby, and A. Jeffrey Giacomin. "Rheo-Optic Flow-induced Crystallization of Polyethylene and Polypropylene within Confined Flow Geometries." In THE XV INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY: The Society of Rheology 80th Annual Meeting. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2964655.

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Hyun, Jae Chun, Hyun Wook Jung, Joo Sung Lee, Dong Myeong Shin, Seung Won Choi, Jeong Yong Lee, Albert Co, Gary L. Leal, Ralph H. Colby, and A. Jeffrey Giacomin. "Transient Solutions of Nonlinear Dynamics in Film Blowing Accompanied by Flow-induced Crystallization." In THE XV INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY: The Society of Rheology 80th Annual Meeting. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2964706.

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Mago, Gaurav, Frank T. Fisher, and Dilhan M. Kalyon. "Effect of Shearing on the Crystallization Behavior of Poly (Butylene Terephthalate) and PBT Nanocomposites." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14585.

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Poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) is an engineering thermoplastic polyester with excellent mechanical properties and a fast crystallization rate widely processed via extrusion and injection molding. Such processes require very complex deformation histories, which can influence the ultimate properties of the processed material and parts. For such systems, flow-induced structural changes in the material as a function of processing are of increasing interest in the field of polymer processing. Linear viscoelastic material functions, including the storage and loss moduli and magnitude of complex viscosity, are very sensitive to the structural changes occurring in the polymer melt. This initial study focuses on the shear-induced crystallization of PBT and PBT nanocomposites with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). (Shear-induced crystallization is a subset of the more general flow-induced crystallization behavior which is the long-term goal of this research.) The effects of shear history on the isothermal crystallization behavior of these materials were investigated. Time sweep experiments at constant frequency, temperature and strain amplitude were carried out employing small-amplitude oscillatory shear within a parallel-plate geometry. Samples obtained upon quiescent crystallization suggested that the rate of crystallization and crystallization temperatures were modestly affected by the presence and concentration of the nanotubes, consistent with the findings of the earlier reports. However, the characterized shear-induced crystallization behavior of the nanocomposites presented here indicate more significant changes in the crystallization temperature and the rate of crystallization occur as a result of the incorporation of the carbon nanotubes. The shear-induced crystallization behavior was affected by the deformation rate, temperature, and the concentration of the carbon nanotubes. These findings indicate that shear-induced crystallization of polymer nanocomposites (and in general flowinduced crystallization effects due to arbitrary flow fields in the melt state during processing) should be an integral part of attempts to generate a comprehensive understanding of the development of the microstructural distributions and the coupled ultimate properties of polymer nanocomposites.
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Steenbakkers, R. J. A., G. W. M. Peters, H. E. H. Meijer, Albert Co, Gary L. Leal, Ralph H. Colby, and A. Jeffrey Giacomin. "Rheological Modeling of Flow-Induced Crystallization in Polymer Melts and Limitations on Classification of Experiments." In THE XV INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY: The Society of Rheology 80th Annual Meeting. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2964740.

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Boutaous, M’hamed, Matthieu Zinet, Rabie El Otmani, and Patrick Bourgin. "Simulation of Polymer Crystallization: Role of the Visco-Elasticity." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30209.

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In polymer processing, it is established that the flow causes the polymer chains to stretch and store the energy, by changing their quiescent state free energy. Koscher et al. [1] presented in 2002 an experimental work concerning the flow induced crystallization. They made the assumption that the polymer melt elasticity, quantified by the first normal stress difference, is the driving force of flow-induced extra nucleation. In their work, a constant shear stress is considered, and the first normal stress difference agrees with the use of the trace of the stress tensor. The stored energy due to the flow “Δ Ge” is commonly called elastic free energy and associated to the change in conformational tensor due to flow. By extending the Marrucci theory [2], several studies link this Δ Ge to the trace of the deviatoric stress tensor (first invariant). In this paper, a numerical model able to simulate polymer crystallization is developed. It is based on the assumption that flow induced extra nucleation is linked to the trace of the deviatoric stress tensor. Thus a viscoelastic constitutive equation, the multimode Upper Convected Maxwell (UCM) model, is used to express the viscoelastic extra-stress tensor τVE, and a damping function is introduced in order to take into account the nonlinear viscoelasticity of the material. In Koscher’s work [1], the integral formulation of the Upper Convected Maxwell (UCM) model is used too, but without any damping function, i.e. they assume that the polymer behaves as linear viscoelastic. As an application, a 2D isothermal flow configuration between two plates is simulated. A comparison between the proposed model and the Koscher’s one is then performed, and interesting resultes are pesented: without introducing a damping function, the two models give similar results in the same configurations, but the introduction of a damping function leads to important discrepancies between the two models, seeming that the assumption of a linear viscoelastic behavior is not realistic when the fluid strain and/or stresses are greater than a given values.
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Räntzsch, Volker, Mürüvvet Begüm Özen, Karl-Friedrich Ratzsch, Gisela Guthausen, and Manfred Wilhelm. "Shear rheology and 1H TD-NMR combined to low-field RheoNMR: Set-up and application to quiescent and flow-induced crystallization of polymers." In NOVEL TRENDS IN RHEOLOGY VII. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4982990.

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Scruggs, D. M. "The Tribology of Amorphous Surfaces Formed by Wear of Thermal Spray Coatings." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p0249.

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Abstract This paper describes the wear induced transformation of crystalline metal surfaces into amorphous and/or microcrystalline surfaces that exhibit gross changes in the fundamental properties of friction, wear, hardness and toughness. The coatings are applied using wire and powder feed to TWAS and HVOF equipment. Wear processes investigated include adhesive wear, low stress abrasion, grinding wear and galling. The effects of chemical makeup of the surfaces and the alloy structure are examined using microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The surface & underlying coating characteristics including roughness, microstructure, hardness and friction coefficient are determined. Results show that the surface structure is dependent on the wear vector. The structural transformation is a function of the chemical makeup and intrinsic wear resistance of the crystalline alloy coupled with the energy input of the wear process. High energy wear such as grinding wear can overcome the transformation. The results also suggest that the micro-welding that occurs between asperities in crystalline alloys is replaced by a flow process on the transformed surface. Coating structure, glass transition temperature, crystallization temperature and critical cooling rate of the transformed surface are much more significant than the chemistry of the alloy once the transformation takes place.
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