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Journal articles on the topic 'Flow chemistry approach'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Guidi, Mara, Peter H. Seeberger, and Kerry Gilmore. "How to approach flow chemistry." Chemical Society Reviews 49, no. 24 (2020): 8910–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cs00832b.

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The intrinsic attributes of flow chemistry that facilitate and provide reproducible access to a range of processes are best exploited using modules targeting an overall effect: a selective transformation or the generation of a reactive intermediate.

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2

Lévesque, François, Nicholas J. Rogus, Glenn Spencer, Plamen Grigorov, Jonathan P. McMullen, David A. Thaisrivongs, Ian W. Davies, and John R. Naber. "Advancing Flow Chemistry Portability: A Simplified Approach to Scaling Up Flow Chemistry." Organic Process Research & Development 22, no. 8 (June 27, 2018): 1015–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00063.

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3

Tarleton, Mark, Kelly A. Young, Elli Unicomb, Siobhann N. McCluskey, Mark J. Robertson, Christopher P. Gordon, and Adam McCluskey. "A Flow Chemistry Approach to Norcantharidin Analogues." Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 8, no. 6 (July 1, 2011): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157018011795906730.

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4

Wheeler, Rob C., Otman Benali, Martyn Deal, Elizabeth Farrant, Simon J. F. MacDonald, and Brian H. Warrington. "Mesoscale Flow Chemistry: A Plug-Flow Approach to Reaction Optimisation." Organic Process Research & Development 11, no. 4 (July 2007): 704–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/op7000707.

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5

Wilson, Noel S., Augustine T. Osuma, Jennifer A. Van Camp, and Xiangdong Xu. "A scalable approach to diaminopyrazoles using flow chemistry." Tetrahedron Letters 53, no. 34 (August 2012): 4498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.05.152.

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6

Luque Navarro, Pilar María, and Daniela Lanari. "Flow Synthesis of Biologically-Relevant Compound Libraries." Molecules 25, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040909.

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Flow chemistry is one of the most prominent enabling technologies that has greatly shaped the way chemists’ approach organic synthesis. Specifically, in drug discovery, the advantages of flow techniques over batch procedures allow the rapid and efficient assembly of compound libraries to be tested for biological properties. The aim of the present review is to comment on some representative examples from the last five years of literature that highlight how flow procedures are becoming of increasing importance for the synthesis of biologically-relevant molecules.

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7

Wilson, Noel S., Augustine T. Osuma, Jennifer A. Van Camp, and Xiangdong Xu. "ChemInform Abstract: A Scalable Approach to Diaminopyrazoles Using Flow Chemistry." ChemInform 43, no. 48 (November 8, 2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201248117.

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8

Wang, Xue D., Terence J. Cardwell, Robert W. Cattrall, and Graeme E. Jenkins. "Pulsed flow chemistry. A new approach to the generation of concentration profiles in flow analysis." Analytical Communications 35, no. 3 (1998): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a708659h.

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9

Mándity, István M., Tamás A. Martinek, Ferenc Darvas, and Ferenc Fülöp. "A simple, efficient, and selective deuteration via a flow chemistry approach." Tetrahedron Letters 50, no. 30 (July 2009): 4372–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.05.050.

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10

Socol, Marius, and Ioan Baldea. "A New Approach of Flow Graph Theory Applied in Physical Chemistry." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 53, no. 4 (August 2006): 773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.200600103.

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11

Fernandes, Pedro, and Carla C. C. R. de Carvalho. "Multi-Enzyme Systems in Flow Chemistry." Processes 9, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020225.

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Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the use of biocatalysts in flow reactors. This merging combines the high selectivity and mild operation conditions typical of biocatalysis with enhanced mass transfer and resource efficiency associated to flow chemistry. Additionally, it provides a sound environment to emulate Nature by mimicking metabolic pathways in living cells and to produce goods through the systematic organization of enzymes towards efficient cascade reactions. Moreover, by enabling the combination of enzymes from different hosts, this approach paves the way for novel pathways. The present review aims to present recent developments within the scope of flow chemistry involving multi-enzymatic cascade reactions. The types of reactors used are briefly addressed. Immobilization methodologies and strategies for the application of the immobilized biocatalysts are presented and discussed. Key aspects related to the use of whole cells in flow chemistry are presented. The combination of chemocatalysis and biocatalysis is also addressed and relevant aspects are highlighted. Challenges faced in the transition from microscale to industrial scale are presented and discussed.

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12

Demmert, Benedikt, Frank Schinzel, Martina Schüßler, Mihail Mondeshki, Joachim Kaschta, Dirk W. Schubert, Dorrit E. Jacob, and Stephan E. Wolf. "Polymer-Functionalised Nanograins of Mg-Doped Amorphous Calcium Carbonate via a Flow-Chemistry Approach." Materials 12, no. 11 (June 4, 2019): 1818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12111818.

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Calcareous biominerals typically feature a hybrid nanogranular structure consisting of calcium carbonate nanograins coated with organic matrices. This nanogranular organisation has a beneficial effect on the functionality of these bioceramics. In this feasibility study, we successfully employed a flow-chemistry approach to precipitate Mg-doped amorphous calcium carbonate particles functionalized by negatively charged polyelectrolytes—either polyacrylates (PAA) or polystyrene sulfonate (PSS). We demonstrate that the rate of Mg incorporation and, thus, the ratio of the Mg dopant to calcium in the precipitated amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), is flow rate dependent. In the case of the PAA-functionalized Mg-doped ACC, we further observed a weak flow rate dependence concerning the hydration state of the precipitate, which we attribute to incorporated PAA acting as a water sorbent; a behaviour which is not present in experiments with PSS and without a polymer. Thus, polymer-dependent phenomena can affect flow-chemistry approaches, that is, in syntheses of functionally graded materials by layer-deposition processes.

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13

Hartrampf, N., A. Saebi, M. Poskus, Z. P. Gates, A. J. Callahan, A. E. Cowfer, S. Hanna, et al. "Synthesis of proteins by automated flow chemistry." Science 368, no. 6494 (May 28, 2020): 980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb2491.

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Ribosomes can produce proteins in minutes and are largely constrained to proteinogenic amino acids. Here, we report highly efficient chemistry matched with an automated fast-flow instrument for the direct manufacturing of peptide chains up to 164 amino acids long over 327 consecutive reactions. The machine is rapid: Peptide chain elongation is complete in hours. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by the chemical synthesis of nine different protein chains that represent enzymes, structural units, and regulatory factors. After purification and folding, the synthetic materials display biophysical and enzymatic properties comparable to the biologically expressed proteins. High-fidelity automated flow chemistry is an alternative for producing single-domain proteins without the ribosome.

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14

Lewis, Simon W., Paul S. Francis, Kieran F. Lim, Graeme E. Jenkins, and Xue D. Wang. "Pulsed flow chemistry: a new approach to solution handling for flow analysis coupled with chemiluminescence detection." Analyst 125, no. 10 (2000): 1869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b005118g.

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15

Nagaki, Aiichiro. "A Flow-Microreactor Approach to Organolithium Reactions." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 71, no. 10 (2013): 1002–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.71.1002.

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16

Vakh, Christina, Marina Falkova, Irina Timofeeva, Alexey Moskvin, Leonid Moskvin, and Andrey Bulatov. "Flow Analysis: A Novel Approach For Classification." Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 46, no. 5 (June 9, 2016): 374–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2015.1087301.

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17

Mularski, Jakub, and Norbert Modliński. "Impact of Chemistry–Turbulence Interaction Modeling Approach on the CFD Simulations of Entrained Flow Coal Gasification." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 7, 2020): 6467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236467.

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This paper examines the impact of different chemistry–turbulence interaction approaches on the accuracy of simulations of coal gasification in entrained flow reactors. Infinitely fast chemistry is compared with the eddy dissipation concept considering the influence of turbulence on chemical reactions. Additionally, ideal plug flow reactor study and perfectly stirred reactor study are carried out to estimate the accuracy of chosen simplified chemical kinetic schemes in comparison with two detailed mechanisms. The most accurate global approach and the detailed one are further implemented in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. Special attention is paid to the water–gas shift reaction, which is found to have the key impact on the final gas composition. Three different reactors are examined: a pilot-scale Mitsubishi Heavy Industries reactor, a laboratory-scale reactor at Brigham Young University and a Conoco-Philips E-gas reactor. The aim of this research was to assess the impact of gas phase reaction model accuracy on simulations of the entrained flow gasification process. The investigation covers the following issues: impact of the choice of gas phase kinetic reactions mechanism as well as influence of the turbulence–chemistry interaction model. The advanced turbulence–chemistry models with the complex kinetic mechanisms showed the best agreement with the experimental data.

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18

Chen, An Bang, Xin Li, Yang Zhi Zhou, Ling Ling Huang, Zheng Fang, Hai Feng Gan, and Kai Guo. "Continuous Flow Synthesis of Coumarin." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 936–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.936.

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Flow chemistry, as a rapidly emerging technology, is exploited to provide a safe and scalable route for the pharmaceutically interesting coumarin. Here, a continuous flow approach for the generation of coumarin is reported, which relies on the two connected coil reactors design. The synthesis of coumarin has been performed successfully in high conversion on small scale and can be scaled up substantially.

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19

Seibert, J., T. Grabs, S. Köhler, H. Laudon, M. Winterdahl, and K. Bishop. "Linking soil- and stream-water chemistry based on a Riparian Flow-Concentration Integration Model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 12 (December 2, 2009): 2287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2287-2009.

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Abstract. The riparian zone, the last few metres of soil through which water flows before entering a gaining stream, has been identified as a first order control on key aspects of stream water chemistry dynamics. We propose that the distribution of lateral flow of water across the vertical profile of soil water chemistry in the riparian zone provides a conceptual explanation of how this control functions in catchments where matrix flow predominates. This paper presents a mathematical implementation of this concept as well as the model assumptions. We also present an analytical solution, which provides a physical basis for the commonly used power-law flow-load equation. This approach quantifies the concept of riparian control on stream-water chemistry providing a basis for testing the concept of riparian control. By backward calculation of soil-water-chemistry profiles, and comparing those with observed profiles we demonstrate that the simple juxtaposition of the vertical profiles of water flux and soil water chemistry provides a plausible explanation for observed variations in stream water chemistry of several major stream components such as Total Organic Carbon (TOC), magnesium, calcium and chloride. The "static" implementation of the model structure presented here provides a basis for further development to account for seasonal influences and hydrological hysteresis in the representation of hyporheic, riparian, and hillslope processes.

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20

Seibert, J., T. Grabs, S. Köhler, H. Laudon, M. Winterdahl, and K. Bishop. "Technical Note: Linking soil – and stream-water chemistry based on a riparian flow-concentration integration model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6, no. 4 (August 26, 2009): 5603–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-5603-2009.

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Abstract. The riparian zone, the last few meters of soil through which water flows before entering the stream, has been identified as a first order control on key aspects of stream water chemistry dynamics. We propose that the vertical distribution of lateral water flow across the profile of soil water chemistry in the riparian zone provides a conceptual explanation of how this control functions in catchments where matrix flow predominates. This paper presents a mathematical implementation of this concept as well as the model assumptions. We also present an analytical solution, which provides a physical basis for the commonly used power-law flow-load equation. This approach quantifies the concept of riparian control on stream-water chemistry providing a basis for testing the concept of riparian control. By backward calculation of soil-water-chemistry profiles and comparing those with observed profiles we demonstrate that the simple juxtaposition of water fluxes and soil water chemistry provides a plausible explanation for observed stream-water-chemistry variations of several major stream components such as Total Organic Carbon (TOC), magnesium, calcium and chloride. The "static" implementation of the model structure presented here provides a basis for further development to account for seasonal influences and hydrological hysteresis.

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21

Kyprianou, Dimitris, Michael Berglund, Giovanni Emma, Grzegorz Rarata, David Anderson, Gabriela Diaconu, and Vassiliki Exarchou. "Synthesis of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) Using Flow Chemistry." Molecules 25, no. 16 (August 6, 2020): 3586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163586.

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This paper describes the nitration of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and its conversion to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) at a gram scale with the use of a fully automated flow chemistry system. The conversion of DNT to TNT traditionally requires the use of highly hazardous reagents like fuming sulfuric acid (oleum), fuming nitric acid (90–100%), and elevated temperatures. Flow chemistry offers advantages compared to conventional syntheses including a high degree of safety and simpler multistep automation. The configuration and development of this automated process based on a commercially available flow chemistry system is described. A high conversion rate (>99%) was achieved. Unlike established synthetic methods, ordinary nitrating mixture (65% HNO3/98% H2SO4) and shorter reaction times (10–30 min) were applied. The viability of flow nitration as a means of safe and continuous synthesis of TNT was investigated. The method was optimized using an experimental design approach, and the resulting process is safer, faster, and more efficient than previously reported TNT synthesis procedures. We compared the flow chemistry and batch approaches, including a provisional cost calculation for laboratory-scale production (a thorough economic analysis is, however, beyond the scope of this article). The method is considered fit for purpose for the safe production of high-purity explosives standards at a gram scale, which are used to verify that the performance of explosive trace detection equipment complies with EU regulatory requirements.

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22

Robb, Brian H., Scott E. Waters, and Michael P. Marshak. "Evaluating aqueous flow battery electrolytes: a coordinated approach." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 45 (2020): 16047–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt02462g.

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Here, we outline some basic pitfalls in the electrochemical investigation of aqueous metal complexes, advocate for the use of bulk electrolysis in redox flow cells for electrolyte analysis, and demonstrate methods of operation and performance of a lab scale redox flow battery.

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23

Johann, Christoph, Stephan Elsenberg, Ulrich Roesch, Diana C. Rambaldi, Andrea Zattoni, and Pierluigi Reschiglian. "A novel approach to improve operation and performance in flow field-flow fractionation." Journal of Chromatography A 1218, no. 27 (July 2011): 4126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.077.

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24

Shukla, Chinmay A., and Amol A. Kulkarni. "Automating multistep flow synthesis: approach and challenges in integrating chemistry, machines and logic." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (May 19, 2017): 960–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.97.

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The implementation of automation in the multistep flow synthesis is essential for transforming laboratory-scale chemistry into a reliable industrial process. In this review, we briefly introduce the role of automation based on its application in synthesis viz. auto sampling and inline monitoring, optimization and process control. Subsequently, we have critically reviewed a few multistep flow synthesis and suggested a possible control strategy to be implemented so that it helps to reliably transfer the laboratory-scale synthesis strategy to a pilot scale at its optimum conditions. Due to the vast literature in multistep synthesis, we have classified the literature and have identified the case studies based on few criteria viz. type of reaction, heating methods, processes involving in-line separation units, telescopic synthesis, processes involving in-line quenching and process with the smallest time scale of operation. This classification will cover the broader range in the multistep synthesis literature.

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25

Ötvös, Sándor B., István M. Mándity, and Ferenc Fülöp. "Highly selective deuteration of pharmaceutically relevant nitrogen-containing heterocycles: a flow chemistry approach." Molecular Diversity 15, no. 3 (September 15, 2010): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11030-010-9276-z.

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26

PAHRIAH, PAHRIAH. "Pengaruh Pendekatan Inkuiri Terbimbing dipadu dengan Diagram Alir terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa SMA." Prisma Sains : Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Matematika dan IPA IKIP Mataram 3, no. 2 (December 26, 2015): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v3i2.973.

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This study aims to compare student achievement in teaching chemical equilibrium topics using a guided inquiry approach combined with and without flow charts. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The study sample consisted of 31 experimental class students and 24 control class students. The instruments in this study consisted of two types, namely (1) the instrument of treatment in the form of learning devices using a guided inquiry approach combined with flow diagrams in the experimental class students and guided inquiry learning in control class students, while (2) measurement instruments in the form of learning outcomes tests students, student activeness observation sheets, and student performance assessment sheets. The instruments are declared valid by 2 chemistry lecturers and 1 chemistry teacher who has good competence and experience in chemistry and chemistry learning. The results showed that the guided inquiry approach combined with the flow diagram provided students’ cognitive learning achievements (83.87 experimental classes and 70.83 control classes), affective (79.00 experimental classes and 74.00 control classes), and psychomotor (84.00 experimental class and 80.00 control class) were better than guided inquiry approaches without flow diagrams.

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27

Osorio-Tejada, Jose, Francesco Ferlin, Luigi Vaccaro, and Volker Hessel. "Life cycle assessment of multistep benzoxazole synthesis: from batch to waste-minimised continuous flow systems." Green Chemistry 24, no. 1 (2022): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc03202j.

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A comprehensive life cycle assessment of different 2-aryl benzoxazoles routes was performed to a flow chemistry approach, its batch equivalent, and other batch approaches to show how innovations in green chemistry and circularity result in real sustainability benefits.

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28

Baumann, Marcus, and Ian R. Baxendale. "The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using continuous flow chemistry." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 11 (July 17, 2015): 1194–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.134.

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The implementation of continuous flow processing as a key enabling technology has transformed the way we conduct chemistry and has expanded our synthetic capabilities. As a result many new preparative routes have been designed towards commercially relevant drug compounds achieving more efficient and reproducible manufacture. This review article aims to illustrate the holistic systems approach and diverse applications of flow chemistry to the preparation of pharmaceutically active molecules, demonstrating the value of this strategy towards every aspect ranging from synthesis, in-line analysis and purification to final formulation and tableting. Although this review will primarily concentrate on large scale continuous processing, additional selected syntheses using micro or meso-scaled flow reactors will be exemplified for key transformations and process control. It is hoped that the reader will gain an appreciation of the innovative technology and transformational nature that flow chemistry can leverage to an overall process.

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29

Wiltsche, Helmar, Paul Tirk, Herbert Motter, Monika Winkler, and Günter Knapp. "A novel approach to high pressure flow digestion." J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 29, no. 2 (2014): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ja50290b.

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30

Harvey, P. M., R. A. Shellie, and P. R. Haddad. "Design Considerations For Pulsed-Flow Comprehensive Two-Dimensional GC: Dynamic Flow Model Approach." Journal of Chromatographic Science 48, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/48.4.245.

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31

Cole, Kevin P., Bradley M. Campbell, Mindy B. Forst, Jennifer McClary Groh, Molly Hess, Martin D. Johnson, Richard D. Miller, et al. "An Automated Intermittent Flow Approach to Continuous Suzuki Coupling." Organic Process Research & Development 20, no. 4 (March 30, 2016): 820–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00030.

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32

Kelly, Christopher B., Christopher (Xiang) Lee, Michael A. Mercadante, and Nicholas E. Leadbeater. "A Continuous-Flow Approach to Palladium-Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation Reactions." Organic Process Research & Development 15, no. 3 (May 20, 2011): 717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/op200037n.

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33

Frizzarin, Rejane M., and Fábio R. P. Rocha. "An improved approach for flow-based cloud point extraction." Analytica Chimica Acta 820 (April 2014): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2014.02.035.

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34

Wein, Ondřej, and Václav Sobolík. "Non-Newtonian oscillatory boundary layer, a numerical approach." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, no. 6 (1986): 1240–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19861240.

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Differential schemes have been constructed by using the integro-differential formulation of the equation of motion in stresses. The problem of periodic flow of the purely-viscous non-Newtonian liquid on a harmonically oscillating plate has been solved numerically for extremally high values of the Reynolds number. The velocity and stress fields as well as estimates of the flow enhancement E are given for the quasi-oscillatory regime, Fr → ∞, for the pseudoplastic liquid with the extremally low flow index, n = 0.15.

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35

Horbatiuk, Jeffrey, Lubna Alazzawi, and Carolyn A. Harris. "The flow limiting operator: a new approach to environmental control in flow bioreactors." RSC Advances 10, no. 52 (2020): 31056–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra05128d.

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FLO is a high-throughput bioreactor for testing biomaterials in more physiologically similar environments including pulsation amplitude, flow rate, and pressure waveforms which is done through the manipulation of fluid velocity.

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36

Parmar, Nilesh D., Sanjay D. Hadiyal, Vimal H. Kapupara, Jaydeep N. Lalpara, and Hitendra S. Joshi. "Synthesis of new tetrahydropyridopyrazine derivatives via continuous flow chemistry approach and their spectroscopic characterizations." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 58, no. 7 (April 22, 2021): 1437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.4270.

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37

Müller, Simon T. R., Aurélien Murat, Paul Hellier, and Thomas Wirth. "Toward a Large-Scale Approach to Milnacipran Analogues Using Diazo Compounds in Flow Chemistry." Organic Process Research & Development 20, no. 2 (November 5, 2015): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00308.

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38

Chandrasekhar, S., B. V. D. Vijaykumar, B. Mahesh Chandra, Ch Raji Reddy, and P. Naresh. "Flow chemistry approach for partial deuteration of alkynes: synthesis of deuterated taxol side chain." Tetrahedron Letters 52, no. 30 (July 2011): 3865–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.05.042.

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39

Ogawa, Kohei, Shiro Yoshikawa, and Hirohisa Ogawa. "Chemical engineering approach to pulp-suspension flow." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 46, no. 4 (1992): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.46.479.

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40

Loudad, Raounak, Abdelghani Saouab, Pierre Beauchene, Romain Agogue, and Bertrand Desjoyeaux. "Numerical modeling of vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding using multilayer approach." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 24 (January 5, 2017): 3441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316687145.

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Vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) is a very suitable solution for composite manufacturing industry. It allows the manufacturing of large and complex shape parts at low costs. However, the simulation of this process is complicated due to myriad physical phenomena involved, specifically the strong coupling between the resin flow and the preform compressibility, i.e. hydro-mechanical coupling. Moreover, the use of the distribution medium involves two types of flow: Planar flow and through-the-thickness flow. These flows cannot be considered together by a 2D model. On the other hand, 3D models require an important amount of computation time. This article presents a VARTM modeling approach that takes into account the hydro-mechanical coupling and the coexistence of planar and transverse flows. The proposed modeling approach allows the simulation of the infusion process in the case of multilayer preform with different materials and orientations, including the distribution medium. This model is validated experimentally based on several infusions.

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41

Steller, R., and J. Iwko. "New Approach to Melt Pressure Determination during Screw Channel Flow." International Polymer Processing 36, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2020-4007.

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Abstract Basic equations describing steady, two-directional, isothermal and fully developed drag-pressure flow of generalized Newtonian fluid between parallel plates assumed as the appropriate flow model in flat, shallow screw channel, are given. It is shown that the flow output for any generalized Newtonian fluid in the two-directional case can be described by a simple expression with a few parameters depending in a complicated way on pressure gradient, channel geometry and constants of the constitutive model. The expression is also valid for unidirectional flow as the limiting case of the two-directional flow. The parameters must be determined as a rule with numerical methods. To simplify the practical calculations, a few (semi)analytical methods of parameters determination for unidirectional power law flow are discussed first. These methods make possible to calculate analytically the pressure gradient for known output that is typical of screw flow characterization. The results obtained for the unidirectional flow 1-D were generalized to describe the two-directional flow 2-D, which takes into account both longitudinal and transverse velocity components. The generalization is based on translation and dilation of the 1-D flow characteristics by introducing a few additional parameters, which are only dependent on the helix angle and power law exponent. It was found a very good agreement between exact numerical and approximate ( semi)analytical characteristics for both flows.

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42

Kim, Jung Taek, Seung Hwan Seong, J. H. Park, S. W. Cheon, C. K. Lee, Na Young Lee, Il Soon Hwang, and Sang J. Lee. "Integrated Approach for On-Line Condition Monitoring of Piping." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.445.

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There are several efforts for an advanced on-line health monitoring of a piping system by using a chemical condition monitoring, a X-ray radiography and a ultrasonic techniques. In order to increase the confidence of the understanding on the health condition of the underlying piping system, an integrated and multi-disciplinary approach has been adopted in this paper. Flow-Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) under an undesirable combination of the water chemistry, flow velocity and material composition has usually caused a pipe wall thinning. The condition monitoring tests on a piping elbow of a piping system have been conducted by using several advanced sensors such as an accelerometer, ultrasonic device, and chemical sensors.

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Zhiltsova, T. V., M. S. A. Oliveira, J. A. Ferreira, J. C. Vasco, A. S. Pouzada, and A. J. Pontes. "Polymer flow dynamics in microimpressions: An experimental approach." Polymer Testing 32, no. 3 (May 2013): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.02.005.

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44

Bao, L. Y., and Z. W. Tian. "A new approach to coulometry for flow-through systems." Electroanalysis 3, no. 1 (January 1991): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140030109.

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Salvadeo, Elena, and Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu. "Development of a sustainable continuous flow approach toward allantoin." Journal of Flow Chemistry 10, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41981-019-00056-7.

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Novotny, Jana, Dominik Quarthal, and Marco Oetken. "Colourful Chemistry – from Hybrid Flow Batteries to a Powerful Redox Flow Battery with Impressive Colour Changes for a Phenomenological Approach." World Journal of Chemical Education 7, no. 2 (April 11, 2019): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/wjce-7-2-12.

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Bagi, Sujay, Shuai Yuan, Sergio Rojas-Buzo, Yang Shao-Horn, and Yuriy Román-Leshkov. "A continuous flow chemistry approach for the ultrafast and low-cost synthesis of MOF-808." Green Chemistry 23, no. 24 (2021): 9982–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc02824c.

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Röder, Liesa, Alexander J. Nicholls, and Ian R. Baxendale. "Flow Hydrodediazoniation of Aromatic Heterocycles." Molecules 24, no. 10 (May 24, 2019): 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24101996.

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Continuous flow processing was applied for the rapid replacement of an aromatic amino group with a hydride. The approach was applied to a range of aromatic heterocycles, confirming the wide scope and substituent-tolerance of the processes. Flow equipment was utilized and the process optimised to overcome the problematically-unstable intermediates that have restricted yields in previous studies relying on batch procedures. Various common organic solvents were investigated as potential hydride sources. The approach has allowed key structures, such as amino-pyrazoles and aminopyridines, to be deaminated in good yield using a purely organic-soluble system.

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Srinivasulu, Sanaga, and Ashu Jain. "River Flow Prediction Using an Integrated Approach." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 14, no. 1 (January 2009): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2009)14:1(75).

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Kuznetsov, Vladimir V. "Flow injection analysis: An approach via linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics." Talanta 187 (September 2018): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.048.

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