Journal articles: 'Flow aid'

1

Zond, John R. "Flow cytometry: A diagnostic aid." Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 90, no. 7 (July 1, 1991): 687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jom-1991-900712.

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Oishi, Koji, Hiroto Ito, Yohsuke Murase, Hiroki Takikawa, and Takuto Sakamoto. "Evolution of global development cooperation: An analysis of aid flows with hierarchical stochastic block models." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 3, 2022): e0272440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272440.

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Despite considerable scholarly attention on the institutional and normative aspects of development cooperation, its longitudinal dynamics unfolding at the global level have rarely been investigated. Focusing on aid, we examine the evolving global structure of development cooperation induced by aid flows in its entirety. Representing annual aid flows between donors and recipients from 1970 to 2013 as a series of networks, we apply hierarchical stochastic block models to extensive aid-flow data that cover not only the aid behavior of the major OECD donors but also that of other emerging donors, including China. Despite a considerable degree of external expansion and internal diversification of aid relations over the years, the analysis has uncovered a temporally persistent structure of aid networks. The latter comprises, on the one hand, a limited number of major donors with far-reaching resources and, on the other hand, a large number of mostly poor but globally well-connected recipients. The results cast doubt on the efficacy of recurrent efforts for “aid reform” in substantially changing the global aid flow pattern.

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Moszynski, Peter. "High prices drive down flow of food aid." BMJ 336, no. 7658 (June 19, 2008): 1397.2–1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a372.

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Efobi, Uchenna, Ibukun Beecroft, and Simplice Asongu. "Foreign Aid and Corruption: Clarifying Murky Empirical Conclusions." Foreign Trade Review 54, no. 3 (July 19, 2019): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732519851633.

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This study considers foreign aid flow by sector in which the aid is directed and then estimates its impact on corruption in order to clarify the specific direction of aid flow that triggers (or does not trigger) corrupt practices. Data are from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development database, Freedom House dataset, and the World Bank Governance Indicators. The dynamic system GMM and quantile regressions (QR) were estimated for robust estimation and correction of endogeneity issues. We found that aid flows for the development of economic infrastructure, multi-sector and programme assistance were consistently reducing corruption. This result stands for both the entire sample and for the African countries (especially for countries at the 25th, 50th and 75th quintiles). Aid flows to social infrastructure and debt relief significantly induce corrupt practices in the sampled countries. These forms of aid only spur rent-seeking behaviour for countries at the lower quintiles of corruption. Two robust checks were estimated, including: (a) using an alternate explained variable—the corruption measure by Transparency International; and (b) correcting for endogeneity in the QR estimation by instrumenting the independent variables of interest with their first-lags. For both checks, the signs and significant values of the variables were consistent with the earlier estimation. JEL Codes: B20, F35, F50, O10, O55

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Abbas, Ali S., Noor Y. Abbas, and Shahed A. Kamel. "INVESTIGATION OF FLOW FIELD OVER POST FLOW MODEL WITH THE AID OF ePIV SYSTEM." IRAQI JOURNAL FOR MECHANICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 18, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32852/iqjfmme.vol18.iss1.57.

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Post flow model was used in the present study as an insert model for the interactiveflow study innovative device namely called ePIV. The separation of the flow and itssubsequent reattachment to a solid surface occurs in many systems, and is of practical aswell as of theoretical interest. Three different values for the upstream velocity were selectedin the present work within the range (14, 24, and 32 mm\s) and two set of figures wereobserved for every value of upstream velocity. First set for velocity vector plots and shadedcolor plot while the second is for picture frames captured for the purpose of ePIV systemsoftware. It was found that ePIV system can be used in diverse educational settings becauseof its effectiveness as an educational tool, high-tech appeal, compact size, low cost andsafety. Also, It was concluded that the sudden appearance for the post height result in avortex spot that lead to an adverse pressure gradient concentrate the majority of high bulkvelocity magnitude at the upper half of the post flow model height.

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Woyengo, Tofuko A., Aaron J. Cowieson, Olayiwola Adeola, and Charles M. Nyachoti. "Ileal digestibility and endogenous flow of minerals and amino acids: responses to dietary phytic acid in piglets." British Journal of Nutrition 102, no. 3 (January 15, 2009): 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508184719.

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Effects of phytic acid (PA) on ileal mineral and amino acid (AA) digestibilities and ileal endogenous AA flow in piglets were investigated. Seven ileal-cannulated weanling pigs were fed a casein–maize starch-based diet with PA (as sodium phytate) at 0, 5, 10 or 20 g/kg in 4 × 4 Latin square design with three added columns to give seven observations per treatment. The basal diet was formulated to meet National Research Council energy and AA requirements for piglets. The respective digestibility and endogenous lysine loss were determined by indicator and homoarginine methods. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Na, K and P was linearly and quadratically reduced (P < 0·05) by increased dietary PA concentration, whereas that of Ca and Mg was only linearly reduced (P < 0·05) by the dietary PA. The AID values for Mg and Na were negative ( − 0·03 and − 0·18, respectively) when PA was supplemented at 20 g/kg. The AID of isoleucine, leucine and valine responded quadratically to dietary PA concentration, though the differences between the AID values of the AA due to change in dietary PA concentration were marginal (at most by 1·8 percentage units). Furthermore, dietary PA did not affect (P>0·05) endogenous AA losses. The results suggest that PA has limited effect on the digestibility and endogenous losses of AA in piglets, but can reduce AID of Mg and Na partly by increasing endogenous losses of these minerals as evidenced by their negative AID values.

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Fan, Victoria Y., Karen A. Grépin, Gordon C. Shen, and Lucy Chen. "Tracking the flow of health aid from BRICS countries." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 92, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 457–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.13.132472.

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Geyser, Mariëtte. "CASH FLOW RISK RATIO: AN AID TO MARKETING DECISIONS." Agrekon 39, no. 1 (March 2000): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2000.9523565.

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URICH, ANDREW L. "BATTLE OF THE FORMS FLOW CHART: AN INSTRUCTIONAL AID." Journal of Legal Studies Education 9, no. 1 (September 1990): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1722.1990.tb00011.x.

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10

Carpenter, Chris. "Passive Acoustic Tools Aid Analysis of Sand-Screen Completion." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1022-0110-jpt.

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_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 209030, “Complete Analysis of a Complex Sand-Screen Completion in a Single Run in Hole is Enabled by Combination of Novel Passive Acoustic Tools With Conventional PLT and Caliper Techniques,” by Duncan Troup, SPE, Archer. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ Wells with sand-control measures may still exhibit the onset of sanding during production, often because of isolated damage to individual screen sections. Positive identification of sand-production location allows targeted mitigation while retaining as much hydrocarbon flow as possible. The complete paper discusses novel acoustic techniques used to identify productive zones and areas of sand production in a well with a sanding event. Digital Signal Processing Most modern tools will perform one or two fast Fourier transforms per second, but the tool design presented in the paper has a very fast sampling rate and completes 220 transforms per second. This allows the output frequency information to be further sampled in statistically meaningful ways to provide three additional noise parameters. The time-filtered noise level is the general, steady-state noise amplitude with outliers removed and generally is used for leak and flow detection. The mean noise level is composed of all data samples and is an indication of the total acoustic energy present. The third parameter, the transient noise level, is an indication of time variability of the received signal and is sensitive to short-lived transient acoustic signals. It is this parameter that is of the most interest in the detection of sand impact, because, by its nature, a sand strike is a transient event. The data generated can be displayed as a variable density log of frequency response against time or logging depth, with the amplitude of each frequency band represented by a color map, and a total noise energy curve may be derived over any frequency range desired. To test the suitability of the signal processing for viable sand discrimination, the background flow noise was increased every 2 minutes and sand particles were drizzled onto the sensor plate for 1 minute of each flow period. When no background flow noise existed, the sand-impact noise shows up well. When flow noise is introduced, the baseline of the noise energy curve is shifted higher but good contrast with the sand signal remains. A further test placed a tool inside a water-filled 5-in. liner section and a stream of water was directed against it (Fig. 1). The rate of water flow was controlled, and sand was introduced at known mass rates up to 1.17 gal/min. The results were plotted as noise energy against fluid velocity for each of the sand mass flow rates. Good correlation exists between the rates of both liquid and sand rates and total energy, and good correlation exists for liquid and sand flow rates. At low liquid flow rate, better discrimination between the rates of sand in the flow is observed, indicating that the full bandwidth transient parameter will provide better resolution when sand and fluid flow rates are low.

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Rodi, W., N. N. Mansour, and V. Michelassi. "One-Equation Near-Wall Turbulence Modeling With the Aid of Direct Simulation Data." Journal of Fluids Engineering 115, no. 2 (June 1, 1993): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910124.

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The length scales appearing in the relations for the eddy viscosity and dissipation rate in one-equation models were evaluated from direct numerical (DNS) simulation data for developed channel and boundary-layer flow at two Reynolds numbers each. To prepare the ground for the evaluation, the distribution of the most relevant mean-flow and turbulence quantities is presented and discussed, also with respect to Reynolds-number influence and to differences between channel and boundary-layer flow. An alternative model is examined in which (v′2)1/2 is used as velocity scale instead of k1/2. With this velocity scale, the length scales now appearing in the model follow closely a linear relationship near the wall. The resulting length-scale relations together with a DNS based relation between v′2/k and y* = k1/2y/v form a new one-equation model for use in near-wall regions. The new model was tested as near wall component of a two-layer model by application to developed-channel, boundary-layer and backward-facing-step flows.

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Bell, David A. "Evaluation Influence: The Evaluation Event and Capital Flow in International Development." Evaluation Review 41, no. 6 (November 21, 2017): 568–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193841x17740028.

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Background: Assessing program effectiveness in human development is central to informing foreign aid policy-making and organizational learning. Foreign aid effectiveness discussions have increasingly given attention to the devaluing effects of aid flow volatility. This study reveals that the external evaluation event influences actor behavior, serving as a volatility-constraining tool. Method: A case study of a multidonor aid development mechanism served examining the influence of an evaluation event when considering anticipatory effects. The qualitative component used text and focus group data combined with individual interview data (organizations n = 10, including 26 individuals). Quantitative data included financial information on all 75 capital investments. The integrated theory of influence and model of alternative mechanisms used these components to identify the linkage between the evaluation event and capital flow volatility. Results: Aid approved in the year of the midterm evaluation was disbursed by the mechanism with low capital volatility. Anticipating the evaluation event influenced behavior resulting in an empirical record that program outcomes were enhanced and the mechanism was an improved organization. Implications: Formative evaluations in a development program can trigger activity as an interim process. That activity provides for a more robust assessment of ultimate consequence of interest. Anticipating an evaluation can stimulate donor reality testing. The findings inform and strengthen future research on the influence of anticipating an evaluation. Closely examining activities before, during, and shortly after the evaluation event can aid development of other systematic methods to improve understanding this phenomenon, as well as improve donor effectiveness strategies.

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Mamoon, Mahjabeen. "Does Political Instability in Developing Countries Attract More Foreign Aid?" International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 1 (December 24, 2015): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n1p208.

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<p>While foreign aid has many determinants, an important factor influencing aid allocation is the political risk prevailing in the aid receiving country. This paper uses panel approach to investigate empirically how different political instabilities in the aid receiving country influence aid allocation by donors. The paper specifies and estimates models using fixed effect and random effect approach that explain the allocation of net per capita ODA among 50 developing countries over the period 1990-2012. Out of the total eight risk indices used, five exerts a significant impact on aid allocation of which four are indicators of governance while the fifth is an indicator of internal conflict. Based on the models, there is a negative relationship between corruption and aid flow indicating donors’ intolerance for malfeasance. However, the significantly positive association between aid flow and other three governance indicators- government stability, law and order and bureaucratic quality is questionable. While addressing the concept of governance in the development agenda reflects donors’ increasing concern for aid effectiveness, the rise in aid inflow with the worsening of government stability, law and order and bureaucratic quality leads to one critical question- Are donors aiding bad governance? Based on the positive significance of poor governance and the insignificance of the socioeconomic condition on aid flow, the paper argues that donors are motivated by self-interest rather than altruistic nature.</p>

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Rutkevich, I. M., and M. Mond. "Amplification of magnetovortex waves in planar MHD flows." Journal of Plasma Physics 48, no. 3 (December 1992): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800016627.

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The propagation of magnetovortex waves in an inhomogeneous medium with planar flow and perpendicular magnetic field is investigated. The linearized MHD equations are studied with the aid of the WKB approximation. Within the latter, a set of ordinary differential equations along the streamlines of the basic flow is derived. These equations govern the variations of the transverse as well as the parallel magnetovortex waves along its rays. The amplitude equations are solved explicitly for a particular geometry of the basic flow, and the solutions are investigated for subsonic as well as for supersonic basic flows.

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Wang, Fei, Jiading Wang, Xiaoqing Chen, Shaoxiong Zhang, Haijun Qiu, and Canyun Lou. "Numerical Simulation of Boulder Fluid–Solid Coupling in Debris Flow: A Case Study in Zhouqu County, Gansu Province, China." Water 14, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 3884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233884.

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Boulders mixed with debris flows roll downstream under interactions with debris flow slurry, which poses a great threat to the people, houses, bridges, and other infrastructure encountered during their movement. The catastrophic debris flow in Zhouqu County, which occurred on 7 August 2010, was used as an example to study the motion and accumulation characteristics of boulders in debris flows. In this study, a fluid–solid coupling model utilizing the general moving objects collision model and the renormalization group turbulent model was used in the FLOW-3D software, treating boulders with different shapes in the Zhouqu debris flow as rigid bodies and the debris flow as a viscous flow. Numerical simulation results show that this method can be used to determine the motion parameters of boulders submerged in debris flows at different times, such as the centroid velocity, angular velocity, kinetic energy, and motion coordinates. The research method employed herein can provide a reference for studying debris flow movement mechanisms, impact force calculations, and aid in designing engineering control structures.

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Bolin, Jay F., Carmony L. Hartwig, Peter Schafran, and Slavko Komarnytsky. "Application of DNA Flow Cytometry to Aid Species Delimitation inIsoetes." Castanea 83, no. 1 (May 2018): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2179/16-120.

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Dabrowski, L., M. Marciniak, and T. Szewczyk. "Analysis of Abrasive Flow Machining with an Electrochemical Process Aid." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 220, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440506x77571.

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Electrochemical aided abrasive flow machining (ECAFM) is possible using polymeric electrolytes. The ion conductivity of electrolytes is many times lower than the conductivity of electrolytes employed in ordinary electrochemical machining (ECM). Additions of inorganic fillers to electrolytes in the form of abrasives decrease conductivity even more. These considerations explain why the interelectrode gap through which the polymeric electrolyte is forced should be small. This in turn results in greater flow resistance of polymeric electrolyte, which takes the form of a semi-liquid paste. Rheological properties are also important for performance considerations. Experimental investigations have been carried out for smoothing flat surfaces and process productivity in which polymer electrolytes as gelated polymers and water-gels based on acryloamide were used.

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Winters, Matthew S., and Gina Martinez. "The Role of Governance in Determining Foreign Aid Flow Composition." World Development 66 (February 2015): 516–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.09.020.

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Kuk, Francis K. "How flow charts can help you troubleshoot hearing aid problems." Hearing Journal 52, no. 10 (October 1999): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00025572-199910000-00005.

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Brown, L. M. "Slip Circle Constructions for Inhomogeneous Rotational Flow." Materials Science Forum 550 (July 2007): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.550.105.

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Humphreys’ simple construction to aid understanding of the patterns of rotational plastic flow observed near undeformable particles in a ductile plastically sheared matrix can be generalised to predict flow under hardness indenters in crystalline metals. The consequences for internal stress distributions and polycrystalline plasticity are briefly indicated.

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Ndou, Saymore P., Elijah Kiarie, Maria C. Walsh, Nancy Ames, Cornelis F. M. de Lange, and Charles M. Nyachoti. "Interactive effects of dietary fibre and lipid types modulate gastrointestinal flows and apparent digestibility of fatty acids in growing pigs." British Journal of Nutrition 121, no. 4 (December 11, 2018): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518003434.

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AbstractA total of eight ileal and caecal cannulated Yorkshire barrows were used to determine the interactions of dietary fibre (DF) and lipid types on apparent digestibility of DM and fatty acids (FA) and FA flows in gastrointestinal segments. Pigs were offered four diets that contained either pectin or cellulose with or without beef tallow or maize oil in two Youden square designs (n 6). Each period lasted 15 d. Faeces, ileal and caecal contents were collected to determine apparent ileal digestibility (AID), apparent caecal digestibility and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dietary components. The interactions between DF and lipid types influenced (P <0·05) the digestibility of DM and FA flows. The addition of maize oil decreased (P <0·05) AID of DM in pectin diets, and the addition of beef tallow depressed (P <0·001) ATTD of DM in cellulose diets. Dietary supplementation with beef tallow decreased (P <0·05) the AID of FA in pectin-containing diets but had no effects in cellulose-containing diets. Dietary supplementation with beef tallow increased (P <0·05) AID of SFA and PUFA and the flow of ileal oleic, vaccenic, linolenic and eicosadienoic acids and reduced the flow of faecal lauric, docosatetraenoic and docosapentaenoic acids in pectin- and cellulose-containing diets. In conclusion, the interaction between DF type and lipid saturation modulates digestibility of DM and lipids and FA flows but differs for soluble and insoluble fibre sources, SFA and unsaturated fatty acids and varies in different gastrointestinal segments.

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Dutta, A., D. M. Wang, and J. M. Tarbell. "Numerical Analysis of Flow in an Elastic Artery Model." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 114, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895444.

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Oscillatory and pulsatile flows of Newtonian fluids in straight elastic tubes are simulated numerically with the aid of Ling and Atabek’s “local flow” assumption for the nonlinear convective acceleration terms. For the first time, a theoretical assessment of the local flow assumption is presented, and the range of validity of the assumption is estimated by comparison with perturbation solutions of the complete flow problem. Subsequent simulations with the local flow model indicate that the flow field and associated wall shear stress are extremely sensitive to the phase angle between oscillatory pressure and flow waves (impedance phase angle). This phase angle, which is a measure of the wave reflection present in the system, is known to be altered by arterial disease (e.g., hypertension) and vasoactive drugs. Thus, the paper elucidates a mechanism by which subtle changes in systemic hemodynamics (i.e., phase angles) can markedly influence local wall shear stress values.

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Sváček, P., and J. Horáček. "Numerical Simulation of Glottal Flow in Interaction with Self Oscillating Vocal Folds: Comparison of Finite Element Approximation with a Simplified Model." Communications in Computational Physics 12, no. 3 (September 2012): 789–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.011010.280611s.

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AbstractIn this paper the numerical method for solution of an aeroelastic model describing the interactions of air flow with vocal folds is described. The flow is modelled by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations spatially discretized with the aid of the stabilized finite element method. The motion of the computational domain is treated with the aid of the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian method. The structure dynamics is replaced by a mechanically equivalent system with the two degrees of freedom governed by a system of ordinary differential equations and discretized in time with the aid of an implicit multistep method and strongly coupled with the flow model. The influence of inlet/outlet boundary conditions is studied and the numerical analysis is performed and compared to the related results from literature.

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Shang, Songhao. "Temporal disaggregation of time series based on accumulated and inverse accumulated generating operations and interpolation method." Grey Systems: Theory and Application 5, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gs-11-2014-0041.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a new temporal disaggregation method for time series based on the accumulated and inverse accumulated generating operations in grey modeling and the interpolation method. Design/methodology/approach – This disaggregation method includes three main steps, including accumulation, interpolation, and differentiation (AID). First, a low frequency flow series is transformed to the corresponding stock series through accumulated generating operation. Then, values of the stock series at unobserved time is estimated through appropriate interpolation method. And finally, the disaggregated stock series is transformed back to high frequency flow series through inverse accumulated generating operation. Findings – The AID method is tested with a sales series. Results shows that the disaggregated sales data are satisfactory and reliable compared with the original data and disaggregated data using a time series model. The AID method is applicable to both long time series and grey series with insufficient information. Practical implications – The AID method can be easily used to disaggregate low frequency flow series. Originality/value – The AID method is a combination of grey modeling technique and interpolation method. Compared with other disaggregation methods, the AID method is simple, and does not require auxiliary information or plausible minimizing criterion required by other disaggregation methods.

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Huntley, S., D. Jones, and A. Gaitonde. "Bifurcation Tracking for High Reynolds Number Flow Around an Airfoil." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 27, no. 04 (April 2017): 1750061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127417500614.

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High Reynolds number flows are typical for many applications including those found in aerospace. In these conditions nonlinearities arise which can, under certain conditions, result in instabilities of the flow. The accurate prediction of these instabilities is vital to enhance understanding and aid in the design process. The stability boundary can be traced by following the path of a bifurcation as two parameters are varied using a direct bifurcation tracking method. Historically, these methods have been applied to small-scale systems and only more recently have been used for large systems as found in Computational Fluid Dynamics. However, these have all been concerned with flows that are inviscid. We show how direct bifurcation tracking methods can be applied efficiently to high Reynolds number flows around an airfoil. This has been demonstrated through the presentation of a number of test cases using both flow and geometrical parameters.

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Proff, Erwin A., and Jürgen H. Lohmann. "Calculation of pressure drop in the tube flow of sewage sludges with the aid of flow curves." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 11 (December 1, 1997): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0390.

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The layout of pumps for the transport of sewage sludges in sewage plants is of great importance. The understanding of pressure drop plays a decisive role. In this paper, a method, existing in the literature, which was developed within the framework of treating the frictional behaviour of viscoelastic fluids, will be presented for the calculation of the pressure drop in pipes. Sewage sludges belong to the class of non-Newtonian fluids. They exhibit intrinsically viscous behaviour and elastic properties. Due to the variation of the viscosity across the cross-section of flow, a representative Reynolds number at the operating point of the flow is defined with the aid of a representative viscosity, in order to determine the type of flow. Exact statements about the pipe friction coefficient in laminar flow are facilitated knowing the correlations for Newtonian fluids. For the case of the turbulent region, a modified formula for Newtonian fluids is taken as a basis. The validity of the method of calculation for sewage sludge flow is compared and discussed with and with respect to numerous experiments in research plants and actual sewage plants.

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Grudzień, Krzysztof, and Dominik Sankowski. "METHODS FOR MONITORING GRAVITATIONAL FLOW IN SILOS USING TOMOGRAPHY IMAGE PROCESSING." Informatics Control Measurement in Economy and Environment Protection 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4577.

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The article presents the methods of monitoring of the process of gravitational silo discharging with aid of tomography techniques. The described methods apply to funnel and mass flow measurement. The core unit of the presented monitoring system is an image-processing module, while the images are obtained with aid of the electrical capacitance tomography. For the funnel type of flow, the outputs of image processing are parameters describing the process flow, location and material concentration in funnel area. In the case of the mass flow regime the presented method provides information about the parameters of shear zones arising by the wall region of the silo that influence the interaction between the bulk and silo construction during silo discharging.

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Zlatnik, M. G., G. Olson, R. Bukowski, and G. R. Saade. "Amniotic fluid index measured with the aid of color flow Doppler." Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 13, no. 4 (January 2003): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/jmf.13.4.242.245.

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Sambasivan, Raja R., Ilari Shafer, Michelle L. Mazurek, and Gregory R. Ganger. "Visualizing Request-Flow Comparison to Aid Performance Diagnosis in Distributed Systems." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 19, no. 12 (December 2013): 2466–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2013.233.

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Mitchell, Nicola. "Long term urinary catheter problems: a flow chart to aid management." British Journal of Community Nursing 13, no. 1 (January 2008): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2008.13.1.27977.

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OKABE, Takeshi, Toyokatsu YUUKI, and Masahiro NUNOKAWA. "Characteristics aid Control of Local Flow in Downstream of River Bend." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 37 (1993): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.37.549.

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Gill, Pavandeep, Joanne Luider, and Etienne Mahe. "PolarFCS: A Multi-Parametric Data Visualisation Aid for Flow Cytometry Assessment." EMBnet.journal 23 (October 10, 2017): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.14806/ej.23.0.892.

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Ordén, M. R., S. Gudmundsson, and P. Kirkinen. "Intravascular Ultrasound Contrast Agent: An Aid in Imaging Intervillous Blood Flow?" Placenta 20, no. 2-3 (March 1999): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/plac.1998.0369.

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van Helden, Dirk F., Paul A. Thomas, Peter J. Dosen, Mohammad S. Imtiaz, Derek R. Laver, and Geoffrey K. Isbister. "Pharmacological Approaches That Slow Lymphatic Flow As a Snakebite First Aid." PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 8, no. 2 (February 27, 2014): e2722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002722.

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LEMACK, GARY E., and PHILIPPE E. ZIMMERN. "PRESSURE FLOW ANALYSIS MAY AID IN IDENTIFYING WOMEN WITH OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION." Journal of Urology 163, no. 6 (June 2000): 1823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(05)67552-0.

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Denault, André Y., Milène A. Azzam, and William Beaubien-Souligny. "Imaging portal venous flow to aid assessment of right ventricular dysfunction." Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 65, no. 11 (May 31, 2018): 1260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12630-018-1125-z.

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Liu, Weixin, Yunfeng Han, Dayang Wang, An Zhao, and Ningde Jin. "The Slug and Churn Turbulence Characteristics of Oil–Gas–Water Flows in a Vertical Small Pipe." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 72, no. 9 (August 28, 2017): 817–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2017-0119.

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AbstractThe intention of the present study was to investigate the slug and churn turbulence characteristics of a vertical upward oil–gas–water three-phase flow. We firstly carried out a vertical upward oil–gas–water three-phase flow experiment in a 20-mm inner diameter (ID) pipe to measure the fluctuating signals of a rotating electric field conductance sensor under different flow patterns. Afterwards, typical flow patterns were identified with the aid of the texture structures in a cross recurrence plot. Recurrence quantitative analysis and multi-scale cross entropy (MSCE) algorithms were applied to investigate the turbulence characteristics of slug and churn flows with the varying flow parameters. The results suggest that with cross nonlinear analysis, the underlying dynamic characteristics in the evolution from slug to churn flow can be well understood. The present study provides a novel perspective for the analysis of the spatial–temporal evolution instability and complexity in oil–gas–water three-phase flow.

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38

Davies, D. G. "Chemical regulation of cerebral blood flow in turtles." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 260, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): R382—R384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.260.2.r382.

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This study was performed to test the effect of the chemical composition of the blood on cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation in turtles. The CBF response to increases in arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) (hypercapnia) was measured during normoxia and anoxia in anesthetized freshwater turtles Pseudemys scripta. The radioactive-microsphere technique was used to measure CBF. CBF increased with increases in PaCO2. The sensitivity of the CBF response to hypercapnia (delta CBF/delta PaCO2) was 0.68 ml.min-1.100 g-1. Torr-1 during normoxia. delta CBF/delta PaCO2 increased to 3.44 ml.min-1.100 g-1. Torr-1 during anoxia. The increases in CBF occurred at constant mean arterial blood pressure, which indicates that cerebral vascular resistance decreased. The increased CBF response during asphyxia (hypercapnia-anoxia) could be beneficial for survival during prolonged dives by increasing glucose delivery for brain anaerobic metabolism. In addition, increased CBF could aid in regulating brain acid-base composition by controlling extracellular fluid PCO2.

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Daamen, Winnie, and Serge P. Hoogendoorn. "Experimental Research of Pedestrian Walking Behavior." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1828, no. 1 (January 2003): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1828-03.

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To assess the design of walking infrastructure—such as transfer stations, shopping malls, sport stadiums, and others, as well as to support planning of timetables for public transit—tools to aid the designer are needed. To this end, microscopic and macroscopic pedestrian flow models can be and have been applied. To calibrate and validate such models, as well as to gain more insight into the characteristics of pedestrian flows under a variety of circumstances, detailed pedestrian flow data are required. Delft University of Technology has recently carried out experimental research of pedestrian flow. Described is the experimental design (such as determination of process variables and measurement), the resulting microscopic pedestrian data, and some initial results for the narrow bottleneck experiment. Both microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of the pedestrian flows are presented. Interesting first results pertain to the way in which the narrow bottleneck is used under saturated flow conditions, and the use of the space (or, rather, width) upstream of the bottleneck in case of congestion.

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Gippel, C. J. "Australia's Environmental Flow Initiative: filling some knowledge gaps and exposing others." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 9 (May 1, 2001): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0512.

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Many of Australia's river systems have been seriously degraded by inappropriate management of regulated flows. Other systems are facing threats from future water resources developments. There is a lack of information available to aid in allocation of environmental flows to rivers in order that they are managed in an ecologically sustainable manner. The Environmental Flows Initiative (EFI) is a major Australia-wide R&D program into environmental flows, funded through the Natural Heritage Trust (NHT), and administered by Environment Australia (EA). The program aims to identify environmental values, undertake targeted research to identify risks to river systems and flow requirements to sustain environmental values, to trial flow management options, and to evaluate these trials. The NHT relies on matching funding provided by the State and Territory authorities, and supports integrative approaches with emphasis on works on-the-ground where possible. While the EFI will close significant knowledge gaps, other gaps remain. Some of these relate to development and validation of rapid assessment techniques, understanding the importance of flow variability and how to define it, manipulation of flows to control alien species, developing a system of prioritising rivers for environmental flows, and enhancing flows with other catchment, channel and floodplain rehabilitation measures.

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Wang, Y., and S. Komori. "Simulation of the subsonic flow in a high-speed centrifugal compressor impeller by the pressure-based method." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 212, no. 4 (June 1, 1998): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0957650981536790.

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A pressure-based finite volume procedure developed previously for incompressible flows is extended to predict the three-dimensional compressible flow within a centrifugal impeller. In this procedure, the general curvilinear coordinate system is used and the collocated grid arrangement is adopted. Mass-averaging is used to close the instantaneous Navier-Stokes equations. The covariant velocity components are used as the main variables for the momentum equations, making the pressure-velocity coupling easier. The procedure is successfully applied to predict various compressible flows from subsonic to supersonic. With the aid of the k-ɛ turbulence model, the flow details within a centrifugal impeller are obtained using the present procedure. Predicted distributions of the meridional velocity and the static pressure are reasonable. Calculated radial velocities and flow angles are favourably compared with the measurements at the exit of the impeller.

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Patel, Danita, Zoe Pruitt, Ronald Romero Barrientos, Tim McEwen, Max Metzger, and Allan Fong. "Exploring the Complexities of Trauma Care Flow and Documentation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641137.

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Trauma care is complex as severe injuries happen unexpectedly, may not immediately present symptoms, and may require assessment by multiple providers to improve outcomes. This work aims to explore the complexities of trauma patient flow and documentation challenges through semi-structured interviews of both in-field and in-hospital providers. Ten trauma care providers were asked to explain their typical workflow and documentations related to trauma care. We found that trauma care flow is convoluted and non-linear depending on several factors, such as how the patient enters the system and the severity of injuries. Additionally, documentation practices vary, following no specific guidelines, partly due to the chaotic nature of incoming traumas. Participants mentioned using apps to aid workflow, but none were used to aid in documentation or clinical handover. Documentation usually takes place on paper or away from electronic devices, which has design implications for clinical decision support or artificial intelligence development tools.

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Martin, Maria Angélica Bonadiman, Edgard Moreira Ganzarolli, Arilson Lehmkuhl, Ivan Gonçlves de Souza, and Roldão Roosevelt Urzêdo de Queiróz. "Sequential determination of free and total cyanide by flow injection." Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry 21, no. 1 (1999): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924699000048.

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This study presents a flow injection system for the sequential determination of free (CN-) and total (CN-+ HCN) cyanide using a potentiometric method which employs two different processes for the determination of these two chemical species. The first process is based on direct detection of CN-using an ion-selective electrode for cyanide. In the second process, the sample is mixed with acid, and the released HCN is transferred across a PTFE membrane. The flow system employs three solenoid valves, a gas diffusion chamber, an ion-selective electrode, a potentiometer, and a computer with an AID conversion card. A Turbo Pascal®computer program automatically performs all the steps involved in data acquisition and processing. The standard deviation for the results obtained with the proposed method was 0.5%.

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Yao, Yunxing, Yinbao Zhang, Jianzhong Liu, Yanpei Li, and Xiaopei Li. "Analysis of Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors for the Aid Events of COVID-19 Based on GDELT." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 12522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912522.

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The uncertainty of COVID-19 and the spatial inequality of anti-pandemic materials have made international aid an important means for many countries to cope with this global public health crisis. It is of far-reaching significance to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of international aid events for the global joint fight against COVID-19 and the sustainability of global public health business. The data on aid events from 23 January 2020 to 31 October 2021, were from the GDELT database. China, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada were selected as the study objects because they provided more aid. Their spatiotemporal characteristics of main aid flows, the response characteristics of the aid requests, and the characteristics of verbal aid to cash in were studied using spatial statistical analysis methods. The influencing factors of aid allocation also were studied by regression analysis. The results found that: the international aid flow of each country was consistent in spatial distribution, mainly to countries with severe pandemics and neighboring countries. However, there were differences in the recipients. China mainly aided developing countries, while the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada mainly aided developed countries. Relatively speaking, China was more responsive to aid requests and more aggressive in cashing in on verbal aid. The countries considered the impact of their economic interests when they planned to aid. At the same time, there were obvious “bandwagon effect” and “small country tendency” on the aid events.

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Wang, Ke, Yaping Ju, and Chuhua Zhang. "Numerical investigation on flow mechanisms of a squirrel cage fan." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 233, no. 1 (May 3, 2018): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650918773932.

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Squirrel cage fan has found wide applications in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning as well as other cooling systems. Although many studies have been conducted to investigate the performance of the squirrel cage fan, the complex flows and the associated flow mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed for a comprehensive analysis of the flow throughout a whole squirrel cage fan. A novel representation technique is proposed for a vivid and quantitative description of the flow velocity distributions at the impeller inlet and outlet to aid a heuristic analysis of the complex flows in squirrel cage fan. The pressure gradient distributions, together with the pressure itself, along the volute wall are also extracted and analyzed to explore the local flow conditions of the volute profile with four segmental arcs. The results show that the proposed representation technique is capable of effectively measuring the circumferentially nonuniform flow conditions at both the impeller inlet and outlet. The strong interaction between the impeller and the volute tongue induces reversed flows at both the impeller inlet and outlet, which further aggravates the circumferential nonuniformity of inactive zone and the upstream impeller flow field. Despite the first-order continuity of the volute profile itself, there are strong variations of tangential pressure gradients and sudden diffusion-expansion effects at the junctions of adjacent arcs. These findings benefit a deep understanding of the complex flow mechanisms within the squirrel cage fan.

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O'Leary, C. O., and W. Drew. "Flow visualisation on rolling models using minitufts." Aeronautical Journal 91, no. 906 (July 1987): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000021357.

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Summary Minitufts are increasingly used for flow visualisation on static wind tunnel models because they can be applied in larger numbers for increased detail and with less interference compared with conventional tufts. This Memorandum describes an extension of their use to continuously rotating models where the heavier conventional tufts are inadequate. Tests on two combat aircraft models in the 4 m x 2.7 m Low Speed Wind Tunnel are described. Measured variations of rolling moment are explained with the aid of the minituft photographs.

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Lee-Young, J. S., and J. F. A. Sleath. "INITIAL MOTION IN COMBINED WAVE AND CURRENT FLOWS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.85.

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Measurements are presented of the conditions for the initial motion of sediment under combined steady and oscillatory flow. The measurements were made in a steady flow flume with an oscillating tray set into its bed. The direction of oscillation of the tray was at right angles to the axis of the steady flow flume. Four different grades of sand were tested. It is found that the critical condition for the initiation of motion is reasonably represented by a critical value of the vector sum of the component shear stresses assuming no nonlinear interaction between the steady and oscillatory flows. The resultant bed shear stress was also calculated with the aid of several combined wave-current models. The results of these various approaches are compared with Shields curve.

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Baines, PG, and DL Murray. "Topographic influence on the pattern of flow through Bass Strait." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 4 (1995): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950763.

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A laboratory simulation of the flow through Bass Strait has been made with the aid of a physical model of the topography, situated in a tank on a rotating turntable. The throughflow was driven by a continuous supply of homogeneous water to the western end that was uniform with latitude. The effect of the depth variations within the strait were realistically represented and had a controlling influence on the flow pattern. In particular, the uniform inflow from the west was directed towards the south-eastern region, guided along contours of constant depth around the central depression by approximate conservation of potential vorticity. West of Flinders Island, the flow then splits into a northward branch that flows toward the Victorian coast and leaves the strait near Gabo Island and a southern branch that leaves through Banks Strait. This modelled flow pattern is generally consistent with the outflows inferred from observed temperature and salinity fields.

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Kim, Kunhyui. "Aid Effectiveness of Aid for Trade: An Empirical Analysis on the Extensive and Intensive Margins of Aid Recipients." European Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n3p127.

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Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness held in 2005 emphasized the role of Aid for Trade (AFT) on capacity building of developing nations. Past literature showed mixed results regarding the aid effectiveness of foreign aid both theoretically and empirically. To test the impact of foreign aid thoroughly, we first focus on the AFT which purposes are not only stimulating the volume of trade flow but also facilitating the construction of robust infrastructure and environment for developing nations to participate in the global economy independently. Second, we disaggregate bilateral trade into the extensive and intensive margin of international trade to examine whether AFT affects more on the new products traded or incumbent good. Lastly, we conduct Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation to control for zero-value observations and possible heteroskedasticity stemming from the sample. With different sample groups, the results indicate that AFT overall benefits the exports of aid recipients. Particularly, AFT from European Union (EU) shows the most considerable and consistent effect on both the new export and incumbent relationships. Furthermore, AFT from the EU facilitates the new export relationship between developing nations with other developing nations, specifically with those without a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) relationship, indicating that the aid from the EU is relatively effective in establishing new trade partners.

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Yang, S. L., B. D. Peschke, and K. Hanjalic. "Second-Moment Closure Model for IC Engine Flow Simulation Using Kiva Code1." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 122, no. 2 (August 31, 1999): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.483213.

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The flow and turbulence in an IC engine cylinder were studied using the SSG variant of the Reynolds stress turbulence closure model. In-cylinder turbulence is characterized by strong turbulence anisotropy and flow rotation, which aid in air-fuel mixing. It is argued that solving the differential transport equations for each turbulent stress tensor component, as implied by second-moment closures, can better reproduce stress anisotropy and effects of rotation, than with eddy-viscosity models. Therefore, a Reynolds stress model that can meet the demands of in-cylinder flows was incorporated into an engine flow solver. The solver and SSG turbulence model were first successfully tested with two different validation cases. Finally, simulations were applied to IC-engine like geometries. The results showed that the Reynolds stress model predicted additional flow structures and yielded less diffusive profiles than those predicted by an eddy-viscosity model. [S0742-4795(00)00101-0]

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Journal articles on the topic 'Flow aid'

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