Academic literature on the topic 'Flow'

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Journal articles on the topic "Flow"

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Unsal, Bulent, and Franz Durst. "Pulsating Flows : Experimental Equipment and its Application(Cavity Flow and Pulsating Flow)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2005 (2005): 567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2005.567.

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Gorin, Alexander V. "HEAT TRANSFER IN TURBULENT SEPARATED FLOWS(Flow around Cylinder 1)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2005 (2005): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2005.445.

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Izawa, Seiichiro, Hiroshi Maita, Osamu Terashima, Ao-Kui Xiong, and Yu Fukunishi. "SOUND SUPPRESSION OF A LAMINAR SEPARATING FLOW OVER A CAVITY(Cavity Flow and Pulsating Flow)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2005 (2005): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2005.557.

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Bando, Kiyoshi, and Kenkichi Ohba. "Numerical Simulation of Flow around LDV-Sensor for Measuring Blood Flow Velocities(Cardiovascular flow Simulation)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.55.

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Wintterle, Thomas, and Eckart Laurien. "ICONE15-10409 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW REVERSAL IN COUNTERCURRENT HORIZONTAL STRATIFEID FLOWS." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2007.15 (2007): _ICONE1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2007.15._icone1510_212.

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Janajreh, Isam, Syed Shabbar Raza, and Khadije El Kadi. "Greenhouse Microclimate Flow Simulation: Influence of Inlet Flow Conditions." International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering 17, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5383/ijtee.17.01.002.

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Ode, Kosuke, Toshihiro Ohmae, Kenji Yoshida, and Isao Kataoka. "STUDY OF FLOW STRUCTURE IN THE AERATION TANK INDUCED BY TWO PHASE JET FLOW(Multiphase Flow)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2005 (2005): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2005.229.

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Nakamura, Hirokazu, and Toshihiko Shakouchi. "Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of High Temperature Gas-Particle Air Jet Flow(Multiphase Flow 2)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2005 (2005): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2005.319.

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Lawson, Nicholas J., Mauro P. Arruda, and Malcolm R. Davidson. "CONTROL OF AN OSCILLATORY RECTANGULAR CAVITY JET FLOW BY SECONDARY INJECTION(Cavity Flow and Pulsating Flow)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2005 (2005): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2005.561.

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ZHOU, Qulan, Na LI, Shuai ZHAO, Tongmo XU, Shien HUI, and Yi ZHANG. "B306 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FLOW REGIMES IDENTIFICATION AND TRANSITION IN DOUBLE-CONTAT-FLOW ABSORBER(Multiphase Flow-2)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2009.3 (2009): _3–91_—_3–95_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2009.3._3-91_.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flow"

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Al-Yarubi, Qahtan. "Phase flow rate measurements of annular flows." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2010. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/9104/.

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In the international oil and gas industry multiphase annular flow in pipelines and wells is extremely important, but not well understood. This thesis reports the development of an efficient and cheap method for measuring the phase flow rates in two phase annular and annular mist flow, in which the liquid phase is electrically conducting, using ultrasonic and conductance techniques. The method measures changes in the conductance of the liquid film formed during annular flow and uses these to calculate the volumetric and mass flow rates of the liquid film. The gas velocity in the core of the annular flow is measured using an ultrasonic technique. Combined with an entrainment model and the liquid film measurements described above, the ultrasonic technique enables the volumetric flow rate of the gas in the core and the volumetric and mass flow rates of entrained liquid droplets to be measured. This study was based on experimental work and the use of modelling techniques. The practical investigation comprised a series of experiments conducted on a purpose built flow loop in which the test section was a Perspex pipe of 50mm ID. The experimental work was limited to two-phase air-water flow. The flow loop was specifically designed to accommodate the different instruments and subsystems designed in this investigation including bespoke flow meters and a film extraction system. Most flow loop controls were automated using a MATLAB program. Reference measurement of the total water flow rate was made using a calibrated turbine flow meter and of the air flow rate using a calibrated rotameter. For the combined ultrasonic/conductance method investigated in this thesis, the velocity of the gas in the core was found using a novel Ultrasonic Flow Meter (USFM). The positioning and arrangement of the transducers have never been used previously. The flow velocity of the liquid film and the thickness of the film were measured using a novel Conductance Flow Meter (CFM). The CFM measured the liquid film thickness using novel wall conductance probes. By cross correlating the signals from a pair of such probes the film velocity was obtained. Good agreement of the experimental results obtained from the CFM and USFM with results published in the literature was found. Although not investigated experimentally in the work described in this thesis, annular flows encountered in the oil industry may contain a liquid phase comprising a mixture of oil and water. For such flows, the volume fractions of the oil and water can be measured using an automated bypass system developed during this project. The bypass system periodically extracts part of the liquid film, measures its density and then releases the sample back into the pipeline. The liquid phase volume fractions are determined from this density measurement which can be performed more than once per minute. An entrainment model was developed, which is required by the ultrasonic/conductance flow metering technique described in this thesis, in which the mass fraction of the liquid flowing as entrained droplets in the core can be determined from the liquid film thickness and velocity measurements. A mathematical model was also developed to describe the properties of the liquid film, such as liquid velocity profile within the film, and the model’s results were found to agree with the experimental results obtained during the project and also with previous work cited in the literature. The complexity of this latter model was reduced by making a number of simplifying assumptions, which are presented and discussed in the thesis, including the assumption that in annular flow there is a dynamic balance liquid entrainment and droplets being deposited back onto the film. The combination of the designed CFM and USFM with the bypass tube and the entrainment model offer the opportunity for a ‘wet gas’ flow meter to be developed to measure two and three phase annular flows at relatively low cost and with enhanced accuracy. Such a device would have the advantage that it would by substantially smaller than systems using separators and it could even be retrofitted onto off-shore platforms. The integration of the subsystems developed in this project into a single system capable of giving on-line measurements of annular flow would be a major benefit to the author’s sponsor, Petroleum Development of Oman.
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Murray, Nathan E. "Flow field dynamics in subsonic cavity flows /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2006. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1299816381&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1193667418&clientId=22256.

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Bulathsinghala, Dinitha. "Afterbody vortex flows and passive flow control." Thesis, University of Bath, 2019. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.767593.

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Experiments have been carried out in a wind tunnel in order to study the aerodynamics ofafterbody vortex flows pertinent to cargo aircraft with upswept afterbodies. The overallaim of the study was to understand detailed vortex flow physics, to examine passive flowcontrol methods for drag reduction, and to examine the flowfield with the cargo rampdoor deployed. The simplified wind tunnel models were axisymmetric slanted base cylinderswhich have previously been utilised for afterbody vortex flow generation and weretested at ReD = 200; 000. Drag force, 2D Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and surfacepressure measurements were conducted along with detailed flowfield analysis of PIV dataincluding unsteady aspects of the flow.
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Langkau, Katharina. "Flows over time with flow dependent transit times." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968912656.

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Costigan, G. "Flow pattern transitions in vertical gas - liquid flows." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361925.

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Gürcan, Fuat. "Flow bifurcations in rectangular, lid-driven, cavity flows." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425523.

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Gissen, Abraham Naroll. "Active flow control in high-speed internal flows." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54865.

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Manipulation of high-speed duct flow by streamwise vorticity concentration that are engendered by interactions of surface-mounted passive and active flow control actuators with the cross flow is investigated experimentally in a small-scale wind tunnel. The controlled formation of these streamwise vortices can be a key element in the mitigation of the adverse flow effects in a number of applications including aero-optical aberrations owing to unsteady local transonic shocks, pressure recovery and distortion due to secondary flows in embedded propulsion system, thrusts reversal and augmentation for aerodynamic control. The effects of the actuation are investigated using various converging-diverging inserts along one of the test section walls. Passive actuation includes micro-vanes and active actuation is effected using high-frequency, surface-mounted fluidic oscillators. Hybrid actuation is demonstrated by combining the passive and active actuation approaches to yield a “fail-safe” device with significant degree of controllability. The investigations consider the effects of the surface actuation in three application areas namely, stabilization of transonic shocks, suppression of total-pressure distortion in offset ducts, and mitigation of separation in internal flow turning.
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Paleo, Cageao Paloma. "Fluid-particle interaction in geophysical flows : debris flow." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27808/.

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Small scale laboratory experiments were conducted to study the dynamic mor- phology and rheological behaviour of fluid-particle mixtures, such as snout-body architecture, levee formation, deposition and particle segregation effects. Debris flows consist of an agitated mixture of rock and sediment saturated with water. They are mobilized under the influence of gravity from hill slopes and channels and can reach long run-out distance and have extremely destructive power. Better understanding of the mechanisms that govern these flows is required to assess and mitigate the hazard of debris flows and similar geophysical flows. Debris flow models are required to accurately deal with evolving behaviours in space and time, to be able to predict flow height, velocity profiles and run-out distances and shapes. The evolution of laboratory debris flows, both dry glass beads and mixtures with water or glycerol, released from behind a lock gate to flow down an inclined flume, was observed through the channel side wall and captured with high speed video and PIV analysis to provide velocity profiles through out the flow depth. Pore pressure and the normal and shear stress at the base of the flow were also measured. Distinct regions were characterized by the non-fluctuating region and the in- termittent granular cloud surrounding the flows. The extent of these regions was shown to be related to flow properties. The separation of these two regions allowed the systematic definition of bulk flow characteristics such as characteristic height and flow front position. Laboratory flows showed variations in morphology and rheological characteristics under the influence of particle size, roughness element diameter, interstitial fluid viscosity and solid volume fraction. Mono-dispersed and poly-dispersed components mixed with liquids without fine sediments, reveal a head and body structure and an appearance similar to the classic anatomy of real debris flows. Unsaturated fronts were observed in mono-dispersed flows, suggesting that particle segregation is not the only mechanism. A numerical simulation of laboratory debris flows using the computer model RAMMS (RApid Mass Movements Simulation) was tested with dry laboratory flows, showing close similarity to calculated mean velocities.
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Mehendale, Aditya. "Coriolis mass flow rate meters for low flows." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2008. http://doc.utwente.nl/60164.

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Lemée, Thomas. "Shear-flow instabilities in closed flow." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112038.

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Cette étude se concentre sur la compréhension de la physique des instabilités dans différents écoulements de cisaillement, particulièrement la cavité entraînée et la cavité thermocapillaire, où l'écoulement d'un fluide incompressible est assuré soit par le mouvement d’une ou plusieurs parois, soit par des contraintes d’origine thermique.Un code spectral a été validé sur le cas très étudié de la cavité entrainée par une paroi mobile. Il est démontré dans ce cas que l'écoulement transit d'un régime stationnaire à un instationnaire au-delà d'une valeur critique du nombre de Reynolds. Ce travail est le premier à donner une interprétation physique de l'évolution non monotonique du nombre de Reynolds critique en fonction du facteur d'aspect. Lorsque le fluide est entraîné par deux parois mobiles, la cavité entraînée possède un plan de symétrie particulièrement sensible. Des solutions asymétriques peuvent être observés en plus de la solution symétrique au-dessus d'une certaine valeur du nombre de Reynolds. La transition oscillatoire entre la solution symétrique et les solutions asymétriques est expliquée physiquement par les forces en compétition. Dans le cas asymétrique, l'évolution de la topologie permet à l'écoulement de rester stationnaire avec l'augmentation du nombre de Reynolds. Lorsque l'équilibre est perdu une instabilité se manifeste par l'apparition d'un régime oscillatoire dans l'écoulement asymétrique.Dans une cavité thermocapillaire rectangulaire avec une surface libre, Smith et Davis prévoient deux types d'instabilités convectives thermiques: des rouleaux longitudinaux stationnaires et des ondes hydrothermales instationnaires. L'apparition de ses instabilités a été mis en évidence à plusieurs reprises expérimentalement et numériquement. Alors que les applications impliquent souvent plus d'une surface libre, il semble qu'il y ait peu de connaissances sur l'écoulement thermocapillaire entraînée avec deux surfaces libres. Un film liquide libre soumis à des contraintes thermocapillaires possède un plan de symétrie particulier comme dans le cas de la cavité entrainée par deux parois mobiles. Une étude de stabilité linéaire avec deux profils de vitesse pour le film liquide libre est présentée avec différents nombres de Prandtl. Au-delà d'un nombre de Marangoni critique, il est découvert que ces états de base sont sensibles à quatre types d'instabilités convectives thermiques qui peuvent conserver ou briser la symétrie du système. Les mécanismes qui permettent de prédire ces instabilités sont également découverts et interpréter en fonction de la valeur du nombre de Prandtl du fluide. La comparaison avec les travaux de Smith et Davis est faite. Une simulation numérique directe permet de valider les résultats obtenus avec l'étude de stabilité de linéaire
This study focuses on the understanding of the physics of different instabilities in driven cavities, specifically the lid-driven cavity and the thermocapillarity driven cavity where flow in an incompressible fluid is driven either due to one or many moving walls or due to surface stresses that appear from surface tension gradients caused by thermal gradients. A spectral code is benchmarked on the well-studied case of the lid-cavity driven by one moving wall. In this case, It is shown that the flow transit form a steady regime to unsteady regime beyond a critical value of the Reynolds number. This work is the first to give a physical interpretation of the non-monotonic evolution of the critical Reynolds number versus the size of the cavity. When the fluid is driven by two facing walls moving in the same direction, the cavity possesses a plane of symmetry particularly sensitive. Thus, asymmetrical solutions can be observed in addition to the symmetrical solution above a certain value of the Reynolds number. The oscillatory transition between the symmetric solution and asymmetric solutions is explained physically by the forces in competition. In the asymmetric case, the change of the topology allows the flow to remain steady with increasing the Reynolds number. When the equilibrium is lost, an instability manifests by the appearance of an oscillatory regime in the asymmetric flow. In a rectangular cavity thermocapillary with a free surface, Smith and Davis found two types of thermal convective instabilities: steady longitudinal rolls and unsteady hydrothermal waves. The appearance of its instability has been highlighted repeatedly experimentally and numerically. While applications often involve more than a free surface, it seems that there is little knowledge about the thermocapillary driven flow with two free surfaces. A free liquid film possesses a particular plane of symmetry as in the case of the two-sided lid-driven cavity. A linear stability analysis for the free liquid film with two velocity profiles is presented with various Prandtl numbers. Beyond a critical Marangoni number, it is observed that these basic states are sensitive to four types of thermal convective instabilities, which can keep or break the symmetry of the system. Mechanisms that predict these instabilities are discovered and interpreted according to the value of the Prandtl number of the fluid. Comparison with the work of Smith and Davis is made. A direct numerical simulation is done to validate the results obtained with the linear stability analysis
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Books on the topic "Flow"

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Kremlevskiĭ, P. P. Flow rate measurement in multiphase flows. New York: Begell House, 1999.

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Flow. Siena: Barbera, 2011.

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Vondee, Norma. Flow. London: University of East London, 1998.

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Mihaly, Csikszentmihalyi. Flow. New York: HarperCollins, 2008.

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Madden, Phil. Flow. [Ripon, North Yorkshire]: Grapho Editions, 2020.

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Meier, G. E. A., and G. H. Schnerr, eds. Control of Flow Instabilities and Unsteady Flows. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2688-2.

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Zamankhan, Parsa. Complex flow dynamics in dense granular flows. Lappeenranta: Lappeenranta University of Technology, 2004.

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W, Barnwell Richard, and Hussaini M. Yousuff, eds. Natural laminar flow and laminar flow control. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Barnwell, R. W., and M. Y. Hussaini, eds. Natural Laminar Flow and Laminar Flow Control. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2872-1.

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1943-, Belkaoui Ahmed, ed. Profit flow, cash flow and decision-making. Hull: MCB University Press, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flow"

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Cohen, Jacob. "Flow-Flow Models." In The Flow of Funds in Theory and Practice, 181–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3675-1_10.

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Deville, Michel O. "Stokes Flow." In An Introduction to the Mechanics of Incompressible Fluids, 113–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04683-4_5.

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AbstractCreeping flows where the viscous effects are dominant, are considered. The Moffatt corner eddies are described. The flow around a sphere is detailed and leads to the Stokes formula. Stokes eigenmodes are analyzed and a three-dimensional Stokes solution is given. The flow around a circular cylinder leads to the Stokes’ paradox.
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Bolgar, Istvan, Sven Scharnowski, and Christian J. Kähler. "Effects of a Launcher’s External Flow on a Dual-Bell Nozzle Flow." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 115–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_7.

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Abstract Previous research on Dual-Bell nozzle flow always neglected the influence of the outer flow on the nozzle flow and its transition from sea level to altitude mode. Therefore, experimental measurements on a Dual-Bell nozzle with trans- and supersonic external flows about a launcher-like forebody were carried out in the Trisonic Wind Tunnel Munich with particle image velocimetry, static pressure measurements and the schlieren technique. A strongly correlated interaction exists between a transonic external flow with the nozzle flow in its sea level mode. At supersonic external flow conditions, a Prandtl–Meyer expansion about the nozzle’s lip decreases the pressure in the vicinity of the nozzle exit by about 55%. Therefore a new definition for the important design criterion of the nozzle pressure ratio was suggested, which considers this drastic pressure drop. Experiments during transitioning of the nozzle from sea level to altitude mode show that an interaction about the nozzle’s lip causes an inherently unstable nozzle state at supersonic free-stream conditions. This instability causes the nozzle to transition and retransition, or flip-flop, between its two modes. This instability can be eliminated by designing a Dual-Bell nozzle to transition during sub-/transonic external flow conditions.
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Bramley, Alan. "Flow Stress, Flow Curve." In CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, 1–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35950-7_16704-3.

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Bramley, Alan. "Flow Stress, Flow Curve." In CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, 530–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20617-7_16704.

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Kumar, Rajesh. "Gravity Flow (Mass Flow)." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 477. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2642-2_225.

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Misra, Debasmita, Ronald P. Daanen, and Anita M. Thompson. "Base Flow/Groundwater Flow." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 90–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2642-2_36.

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Bramley, Alan. "Flow Stress, Flow Curve." In CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, 706–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53120-4_16704.

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Spellman, Frank R. "Electron Flow = Traffic Flow." In The Science of Electric Vehicles, 3–6. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003332992-2.

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Lang, Hartmut. "Flow and Flow Curves." In Out-of Hospital Ventilation, 303–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64196-5_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flow"

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Mendes, F. A. A., O. M. H. Rodriguez, V. Estevam, and D. Lopes. "Flow patterns in inclined gas-liquid annular duct flow." In MULTIPHASE FLOW 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mpf110231.

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Canu, A., and G. Lorenzini. "Gullies and debris flows analysis: a case study in Sardinia and a rheological modelling approach." In DEBRIS FLOW 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/deb060011.

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Tecca, P. R., C. Armento, and R. Genevois. "Debris flow hazard and mitigation works in Fiames slope (Dolomites, Italy)." In DEBRIS FLOW 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/deb060021.

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Takaoka, H., H. Hashimoto, S. Ikematsu, and M. Hikida. "Prediction of landslide-induced debris flow hydrograph: the Atsumari debris flow disaster in Japan." In DEBRIS FLOW 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/deb060031.

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Wei, F., K. Gao, P. Cui, K. Hu, J. Xu, G. Zhang, and B. Bi. "Method of debris flow prediction based on a numerical weather forecast and its application." In DEBRIS FLOW 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/deb060041.

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Konuk, I., S. Yu, and E. Evgin. "Application of the ALE FE method to debris flows." In DEBRIS FLOW 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/deb060051.

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Rodríguez, C., A. Blanco, and R. García. "Comparison of 1D debris flow modelling approaches using a high resolution and non-oscillatory numerical scheme based on the finite volume method." In DEBRIS FLOW 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/deb060061.

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Tjerry, S., O. Z. Jessen, K. Morishita, and H. G. Enggrob. "Flood modelling and impact of debris flow in the Madarsoo River, Iran." In DEBRIS FLOW 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/deb060071.

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Larcan, E., S. Mambretti, and M. Pulecchi. "A procedure for the evaluation of debris flow stratification." In DEBRIS FLOW 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/deb060081.

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Kaitna, R., D. Rickenmann, and S. Schneiderbauer. "Comparative rheologic investigations in a vertically rotating flume and a “moving-bed” conveyor belt flume." In DEBRIS FLOW 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/deb060091.

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Reports on the topic "Flow"

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George and Hawley. PR-015-09605-R01 Extended Low Flow Range Metering. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010728.

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Natural gas meters are often used to measure flows below their minimum design flow rate. This can occur because of inaccurate flow projections, widely varying flow rates in the line, a lack of personnel available to change orifice plates, and other causes. The use of meters outside their design ranges can result in significant measurement errors. The objectives of this project were to examine parameters that contribute to measurement error at flow rates below 10% of a meters capacity, determine the expected range of error at these flow rates, and establish methods to reduce measurement error in this range. The project began with a literature search of prior studies of orifice, turbine, and ultrasonic meters for background information on their performance in low flows. Two conditions affecting multiple meter types were identified for study. First, temperature measurement errors in low flows can influence the accuracy of all three meter types, though the effect of a given temperature error can differ among the meter types. Second, thermally stratified flows at low flow rates are known to cause measurement errors in ultrasonic meters that cannot compensate for the resulting flow profiles, and the literature suggested that these flows could also affect orifice plates and turbine meters. Several possible ways to improve temperature measurements in low flows were also identified for further study. Next, an analytical study focused on potential errors due to inaccurate temperature measurements. Numerical tools were used to model a pipeline with different thermowell and RTD geometries. The goals were to estimate temperature measurement errors under different low-flow conditions, and to identify approaches to minimize temperature and flow rate errors. Thermal conduction from the pipe wall to the thermowell caused the largest predicted bias in measured temperature, while stratified temperatures in the flow caused relatively little temperature bias. Thermally isolating the thermowell from the pipe wall, or using a bare RTD, can minimize temperature bias, but are not usually practical approaches. Insulation of the meter run and the use of a finned thermowell design were practical methods predicted to potentially improve measurement accuracy, and were chosen for testing.
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2

Venkatesh, Mukund C. Optimization of the Mini-Flo flow cytometer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/388136.

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3

McKay, S. Is mean discharge meaningless for environmental flow management? Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45381.

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River ecosystems are highly dependent on and responsive to hydrologic variability over multiple time scales (e.g., hours, months, years). Fluctuating river flows present a key challenge to river managers, who must weigh competing demands for freshwater. Environmental flow recommendations and regulations seek to provide management targets balancing socio-economic outcomes with maintenance of ecological integrity. Often, flow management targets are based on average river conditions over temporal windows such as days, months, or years. Here, three case studies of hydrologic variability are presented at each time scale, which demonstrate the potential pitfalls of mean-based environmental flow criteria. Each case study shows that the intent of the environmental flow target is not met when hydrologic variability is considered. While mean discharge is inadequate as a single-minded flow management target, the consequences of mean flow prescriptions can be avoided in environmental flow recommendations. Based on these case studies, a temporal hierarchy of environmental flow thresholds is proposed (e.g., an instantaneous flow target coupled with daily and monthly averages), which would improve the efficacy of these regulations.
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4

Dou, Winston Wei, Leonid Kogan, and Wei Wu. Common Fund Flows: Flow Hedging and Factor Pricing. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30234.

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5

Truman, C. R. Flow Diagnostic Instrumentation for Turbulent Flow Studies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada386696.

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Truman, C. R. Flow Diagnostic Instrumentation for Turbulent Flow Studies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada386840.

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7

Chen, Chanjuan, and Kyung-Hee Choi. Lenticular Flow. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University. Library, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.8769.

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8

Parsons, Jean Louise, and Kristen Deanne Morris. Synthesis Flow. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University. Library, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.9546.

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9

Friedman, Avner. Flow Control. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada289262.

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10

Fagley, Casey. Flow Control. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada585783.

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