Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Flotte de véhicules autonomes'
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Mohamed, Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud. "Contrôle et commande d'une flotte de véhicules autonomes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0626.
Full textThe works of this thesis are focused on the control and command of a fleet of many vehicles (4 to 10 vehicles). A longitudinal control is proposed based on the decentralized global approach, for which the information of the leader and the predecessor are assumed to be available to compute the control law using a linearization control by inverse dynamics. This control concept allows to follow a reference speed imposed by the leading vehicle, while respecting a safety distance (variable and constant) to avoid collisions. The longitudinal control is coupled with the lateral control that uses a sliding mode approach to follow the leader's desired trajectory. In addition, different sliding mode observers are developed. These observers are intended to calculate the nonlinear dynamics in the controls of each vehicle. The fleet is treated secondly in the multi-lane trajectories (line configuration). Two control approaches are proposed to control the vehicles in the different lanes (three lanes: i, j and k). The vehicles are controlled in the first strategy to follow the speed of the leader. However, in the second approach, the desired speed of the leader is modified when a lateral movement is present in order to respect the fleet notion. The vehicles are also controlled to avoid obstacles and switch to the next lane by generating an obstacle avoidance trajectory that takes into account the safety distance between the vehicles and the obstacle, and between the vehicles themselves
Babicheva, Tatiana. "Machine Learning pour la gestion distribuée et dynamique d’une flotte de taxis et navettes autonomes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG023.
Full textIn this thesis are investigated methods to manage shared electric autonomous taxi urban systems under online context in which customer demands occur over time, and where vehicles are available for ride-sharing and require electric recharging management. We propose the heuristics based on problem decomposition which include road network repartition and highlighting of subproblems such as charging management, empty vehicle redistribution and dynamic ride-sharing.The set of new methods for empty vehicle redistribution is proposed, such as proactive, meaning to take into account both current demand and anticipated future demand, in contrast to reactive methods, which act based on current demand only.We provide the reinforcement learning in different levels depending on granularity of the system.We propose station-based RL model for small networks and zone-based RL model, where the agents are zones of the city obtained by partitioning, for huge ones. The complete information optimisation is provided in order to analyse the system performance a-posteriori in offline context.The evaluation of the performance of proposed methods is provided in set of road networks of different nature and size. The proposed method provides promising results outperforming the other tested methods and the real data on the taxi system performance in terms of number of satisfied passengers under fixed fleet size
Belkadi, Adel. "Conception de commande tolérante aux défauts pour les systèmes multi-agents : application au vol en formation d'une flotte de véhicules autonomes aériens." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0183/document.
Full textIn recent years, the emergence of new technologies such as miniaturization of components, wireless communication devices, increased storage size and computing capabilities have allowed the design of increasingly complex cooperative multi-agent systems. One of the main research axes in this topic concerns the formation control of fleets of autonomous vehicles. Many applications and missions, civilian and military, such as exploration, surveillance, and maintenance, were developed and carried out in various environments. During the execution of these tasks, the vehicles must interact with their environment and among themselves to coordinate. The available communication tools are often limited in scope. The preservation of the connection within the group then becomes one of the objectives to be satisfied in order to carry out the task successfully. One of the possibilities to guarantee this constraint is the training displacement, which makes it possible to preserve the distances and the geometrical structure of the group. However, it is necessary to have tools and methods for analyzing and controlling these types of systems in order to make the most of their potential. This thesis is part of this research direction by presenting a synthesis and analysis of multi-agent dynamical systems and more particularly the formation control of autonomous vehicles. The control laws developed in the literature for formation control allow to carry out a large number of missions with a high level of performance. However, if a fault/failure occurs in the training, these control laws can be very limited, resulting in unstable system behavior. The development of fault tolerant controls becomes paramount to maintaining control performance in the presence of faults. This problem will be dealt with in more detail in this thesis and will concern the development and design of Fault tolerant controls devolved to a fleet of autonomous vehicles according to different configuration/structuring
Bindel, Sébastien. "Algorithmique et applications pour les flottes hétérogènes multiniveaux de matériels mobiles communicants autonomes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0172/document.
Full textUnmanned vehicles are defined as autonomous entities with no operator on board. They are a part of a global system called Unmanned System which also includes elements such as a control station. These vehicles are designed to fulfil the requirements of assigned missions and can be deployed in spatial, aerial, terrestrial and maritime environments. Since a mission cannot be accomplished with a single vehicle, vehicles have to cooperate in order to achieve a global mission. However, cooperation requires communication interoperability between all vehicles. Even if previous works have standardized application protocols, it is not sufficient to ensure data delivery between all vehicles, since they have a specific mobility pattern and sometimes different network interfaces. The main goal of this thesis is to offer a seamless network, including all kinds of unmanned systems. We propose a cross layer approach in order to route and deliver data to any vehicle. In this context, each vehicle is able to transmit data to another without information on the global topology. We have developed a routing protocol, which adapts its strategy, according to the contextand to the network environment. In addition, we exploit the any cast diffusion technique based on vehicles features in order to adopt an optimal routing scheme
Héry, Elwan. "Localisation coopérative de véhicules autonomes communicants." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2516.
Full textTo be able to navigate autonomously, a vehicle must be accurately localized relatively to all obstacles, such as roadside for lane keeping and vehicles and pedestrians to avoid causing accidents. This PhD thesis deals with the interest of cooperation to improve the localization of cooperative vehicles that exchange information. Autonomous navigation on the road is often based on coordinates provided in a Cartesian frame. In order to better represent the pose of a vehicle with respect to the lane in which it travels, we study curvilinear coordinates with respect to a path stored in a map. These coordinates generalize the curvilinear abscissa by adding a signed lateral deviation from the center of the lane and an orientation relative to the center of the lane taking into account the direction of travel. These coordinates are studied with different track models and using different projections to make the map-matching. A first cooperative localization approach is based on these coordinates. The lateral deviation and the orientation relative to the lane can be known precisely from a perception of the lane borders, but for autonomous driving with other vehicles, it is important to maintain a good longitudinal accuracy. A one-dimensional data fusion method makes it possible to show the interest of the cooperative localization in this simplified case where the lateral deviation, the curvilinear orientation and the relative positioning between two vehicles are accurately known. This case study shows that, in some cases, lateral accuracy can be propagated to other vehicles to improve their longitudinal accuracy. The correlation issues of the errors are taken into account with a covariance intersection filter. An ICP (Iterative Closest Point) minimization algorithm is then used to determine the relative pose between the vehicles from LiDAR points and a 2D polygonal model representing the shape of the vehicle. Several correspondences of the LiDAR points with the model and different minimization approaches are compared. The propagation of absolute vehicle pose using relative poses with their uncertainties is done through non-linear equations that can have a strong impact on consistency. The different dynamic elements surrounding the ego-vehicle are estimated in a Local Dynamic Map (LDM) to enhance the static high definition map describing the center of the lane and its border. In our case, the agents are only communicating vehicles. The LDM is composed of the state of each vehicle. The states are merged using an asynchronous algorithm, fusing available data at variable times. The algorithm is decentralized, each vehicle computing its own LDM and sharing it. As the position errors of the GNSS receivers are biased, a marking detection is introduced to obtain the lateral deviation from the center of the lane in order to estimate these biases. LiDAR observations with the ICP method allow to enrich the fusion with the constraints between the vehicles. Experimental results of this fusion show that the vehicles are more accurately localized with respect to each other while maintaining consistent poses
Le, Bras Florent. "Contributions à l'asservissement visuel de véhicules aériens autonomes." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4110.
Full textThe visual servo control technology is based on measurements form a camera. This technique appeared in the late 80’s to control mobile robots or manipulators. Recently, visual servoing is applied to flying vehicles, for which this type of control has a strong operational potential. In this thesis, we focus on the design of visual servoing for two types of flying vectors : the VTOL minidrones and fixed-wing aircrafts. We try wherever possible to specify the problem in terms of regulation in the picture by taking into account the limitations of the sensors used. Thus we consider only the onboard sensors autonomous, and whose quality is consistent with a the considered visual servoing tasks. For this, we propose visual servoing laws adapted to the considered systems intheir control structures and their measurement systems. For VTOL minidrones, a series of control laws is proposed to stabilize the vehicle with respect to a relativity flat target which some landmarks are detected in real time. These commands have the distinction of not requiring measurements of the speed of translation. This characteristic is especially interesting, since this variable is particularly difficult to measure without GPS. One of the algorithms has been, validated in fight ion the platform. HoverEye developed by Bertin Technologies, it was, to our knowledge the first image based visual servoing, conducted indoors on a minidrones. For fixed-wing aircrafts, a next autonomous landing technique based on the detection of runway’s edges is proposed. This technique is image based and takes into account the specificities of aircraft flight dynamics. Moreover a specific estimate of cross-wind is proposed. Validation of this approach is performed on a complex simulator which includes images processing. Finally, we sought new applications in image based visual servoing for fixed-wing aircrafts. A control law for precise stabilization on observation orbit has been synthesized. It is based on the detection of a single landmark and translational optical flow. Simulations illustrate the performance of that algorithm
Wafer, Christian. "Une approche intégrée pour l'exploitation et la gestion d'une flotte de véhicules." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0013/MQ56431.pdf.
Full textVillamil, Galvis Gloria Elizabeth. "Outils d'aide à la décision pour le renouvellement d'une flotte de véhicules." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/29951/29951.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the issues related to the vehicles fleet renewal. It presents de context, motivations and factors to consider in the renewal process. Decisions-making tools to support the development of the renewal plan, the selection of new vehicles and fleet maintenance management are proposed. The thesis also refers to the cost to consider throughout the life cycle of each vehicle. The contents of this thesis should prove useful to both fleet managers and researches interested in costs analysis with regard to the life cycle of vehicles within a perspective of sustainable development.
Frenette, Patrick. "Architecture décisionnelle pour la conduite collaborative de véhicules autonomes." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1548.
Full textBresson, Guillaume. "Localisation d'une flotte de véhicules communicants par approche de type SLAM visuel décentralisé." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00973894.
Full textSalaün, Erwan. "Algorithmes de filtrage et systèmes avioniques pour véhicules aériens autonomes." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00554437.
Full textBélanger, Jacky. "Contrôle de véhicules aériens autonomes avec respect de contraintes terminales." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27547/27547.pdf.
Full textGateau, Thibault. "Supervision de mission pour une équipe de véhicules autonomes hétérogènes." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0038/document.
Full textMany autonomous robots with specific control oriented architectures have already been developed worldwide.The advance of the work in this field has led researchers wonder for many years to what extent robots would be able to be integrated into a team consisting of autonomous and heterogeneous vehicles with complementary functionalities. However, robot cooperation in a real dynamic environment under unreliable communication conditions remains challenging, especially if these autonomous vehicles have different individual control architectures.In order to address this problem, we have designed a decision software architecture, distributed on each vehicle.This decision layer aims at managing execution and at increasing the fault tolerance of the global system. The mission plan is assumed to be hierarchically structured. ln case of failure detection, the plan repair is done as locally as possible, based on the hierarchical organization.This allows us to restrict message exchange only between the vehicles concerned by the repair process. Knowledge formalisation is also a part of the study permitting the improvement of interoperability between team members. It also provides relevant information all along mission execution, from initial planning computation to plan repair in this multirobot context. The feasibility of the system has been evaluated by simulations and real experiments thanks to the Action project (http://action.onera.fr/welcome/)
Duguay, Jérôme. "Intégration de l'analyse du cycle de vie dans la gestion d'une flotte de véhicules." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27641.
Full textThis thesis addresses issues related to the management of a fleet of vehicles. A structured approach integrating the analysis of fleet life cycle is proposed. Various factors and considerations for the requirements assessment are first introduced and used to determine the vehicles specifications and the fleet composition. For the vehicle acquisition process, an approach primarily driven by the life cycle cost analysis is used for the selection of vehicles. Several models are also proposed in order to optimize the exploitation, maintenance and development of a decision-making system for fleet renewal. Finally, for equipment that has reached its useful life, different disposition strategies are suggested in order to reduce environmental impacts. The contents of this thesis can be used by managers of small and large vehicle fleets as well as project managers who work in such field and that are interested in life cycle management of a vehicle fleet in a context of sustainable development. The suggested approach is further inspired by the public and para-public sector but can also be adapted and used in the private sector context. This thesis will allow managers to understand the different factors to take into consideration and the best tools to use for decision making, in order to optimize the various processes of life cycle management of a fleet of vehicles.
Spiewak, Jean-Mathias. "Contribution à la coordination de flottille de véhicules sous-marins autonomes." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00195079.
Full textTagne, Fokam Gilles. "Commande et planification de trajectoires pour la navigation de véhicules autonomes." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2004/document.
Full textMy research focuses on trajectory planning and control of autonomous vehicles. This work is a part of an extremely ambitious project launched by the Heudiasyc laboratory about autonomous driving at high speed (longitudinal speed greater to 5m/s ~= 18 km/h). With regard to the control of autonomous vehicles at high speed, a lateral controler using higher-order sliding mode control is proposed. Given the implicit similarity between the sliding mode and the principle of immersion and invariance, two controllers using the principle of immersion and invariance have been subsequently proposed in order to improve the performance with respect to the sliding mode. The development of these new controllers shows very strong robust stability which leads us to study the intrinsic properties of the system. A study of the passivity properties of the system is also crried out, showing some interesting characteristics of the system. Hence, a robust passivity-based controller has been developed. Regarding the navigation, we have developed two navigation algorithms based on the tentacles method. Subsequently, a feasibility study of trajectory generation strategies for high speed driving is conducted. The outcome of the simulation proved that the algorithms gave out good results with respect to the expected ogjectives of obstacle avoidance and global reference path following. Control and motion planning algorithms developed were validated offline by simulation with real data. They have been also tested on a realistic simulator
Boisvert, Maxime. "Stratégie de communication sans fil pour la gestion de véhicules autonomes." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2009. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1951/1/030128618.pdf.
Full textLombard, Alexandre. "Contribution à la régulation coopérative des espaces conflictuels entre véhicules autonomes." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCA020/document.
Full textThe continuous increase in the number of vehicles has constantly led to innovation to improve the regulation of road traffic. Today, vehicle automation and inter-vehicular communication make possible a new approach: the autonomous and cooperative intersection (ACI) in which autonomous vehicles communicate to negotiate their right of way at the intersection. Theoretically more effective, safer and more economical than traditional approaches, its implementation and deployment constitute a scientific and technological challenge. In this paper, we propose several contributions supporting this development: a longitudinal and lateral vehicle control strategy designed to work with information discrete and suffering from latency (coming from wireless communication or satellite positioning), a preventive solution of the risks of deadlock specific to the ACI, and finally the implementation and testing of a real prototype of ACI with three autonomous vehicles. An exploratory work is then provided to generalize the principles of the ACI, in order to automate and optimize the operations of lane change and insertion
Spiewak, Jean-Mathias. "Contribution à la coordination de flotille de véhicules sous-marins autonomes." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20114.
Full textShawky, Mohamed. "Architectures parallèles, vision et véhicules autonomes : étude et mise en oeuvre." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMP0532.
Full textKootbally, Zeïd. "Prédiction des positions de véhicules autonomes dans un environnement routier dynamique." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS064.
Full textThe goal of autonomous vehicles research is to build physical systems that can move purposefully and without human intervention in static and dynamic environments, and also in known, partially known and unknown environments. The field of autonomous vehicles is continuing to gain traction both with researchers and practitioners. Funding for research in this area has continued to grow over the past few years, and recent high profile funding opportunities have started to push theoretical research efforts into practical use. Before releasing any autonomous vehicle in the real world, it is important to model the components within a simulated environment and assess the performance of the vehicles in the virtual world. We present the PRIDE framework (Prediction In Dynamic Environments), a hierarchical multiresolutional approach for moving object prediction that incorporates multiple prediction algorithms into a single, unifying framework. PRIDE is based upon the 4D/RCS (Real-time Control System) and provides information to planners at the level of granularity that is appropriate for their planning horizon. The lower levels of the framework utilize estimation theoretic short-term predictions based upon an extended Kalman filter with an associated confidence measure. The upper levels utilize a probabilistic prédiction approach based upon situation recognition with an underlying cost model that provides predictions that incorporate environmental information and constraints. PRIDE is run in the systems' world model independently of the planner and the control system and has knowledge of the road structures via a road network database. The results of the prediction are made available to a planner to allow it to make accurate plans in dynamic environments. We have applied this approach to the visualization tool AutoSim and later on to the MOAST/USARSim framework which incorporates the physics, kinematics and dynamics of vehicles involved in traffic scenarios
Malca, Franck. "Méthodes d'aide à la décision pour la gestion d'une flotte de véhicules en temps réel." Valenciennes, 2005. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/ff6e9333-7852-4e06-b9b0-05d13b8c795d.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the real-time management of a fleet of vehicles. Recent improvements in communication and information technologies provide new data sets in real-time which lead to the development of new applications in transportation area. New decision-making methods are required to help the manager with the planning of the activities for all vehicles. This thesis addresses a pickup and delivery problem with time windows and a finite size fleet. First, we propose constructive heuristics and a tabu search approach to optimize the road planning when all requests to be assigned are known a priori. The main contribution consists of the extraction and the exploitation of informations to reduce the search space, which leads to cut computation times. In real-time, new demands occur while vehicles are in route. To manage the fleet in real-time, we capitalize on the methods defined for the static case to propose an adapted version. This research works were motivated by the TESS project (Transport ESpace et Société). Proposed methods were integrated in an optimization system, which has been included in a decision support system for the fleet management. This software was developped in collaboration with our partners (CNES and the CGx company)
Larbaoui, Salima. "Modèles de gestion d'une flotte de véhicules vides (logistique et transport) : cas de conteneurs maritimes." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066527.
Full textBenziane, Lotfi. "Contributions à l'estimation et à la commande d'attitude de véhicules aériens autonomes." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS015V/document.
Full textNowadays, we see a growing popularity of the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) ofespecially Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) type. One of the most known VTOL is thequadrotor or Quadcopter which is probably the most used one as a research platform. Thisthesis deal with attitude control and estimation techniques applied to a rigid body movingin 3D space such as Quadcopter VTOL. The first contribution of this thesis is the design ofa new class of complementary linear-like filters allowing the fusion of inertial vector measurementswith angular velocity measurements and combined with algebraic algorithms asTRIAD, QUEST etc. to give an efficient attitude estimation solution. This class of filtersallows several possibilities of implementation such as the order of the filters which can bechosen high in order to reduce more the measurement noise and the form of the filters thatcan be direct or passive and the ability to take into account the possible gyro bias. Lyapunovanalysis shows the global asymptotic convergence of the estimation errors to zero. The sameprinciple of data fusion is used for the proposed new attitude control law in which the complementaryfilters were included to reduce the effect of measurement noise. The obtainedcontroller ensures almost global stability of the desired equilibrium point; it represents thesecond contribution of this thesis. The third contribution takes into consideration an interestingspecial case, where instantaneous measurements of attitude and angular velocity areunavailable. A first order linear auxiliary system based directly on vector measurements isused in an observer-like system to handle the luck of angular velocity. The proposed controllerensures almost global asymptotic stability of the trajectories to the desired equilibriumpoint. Detailed sets of experiments were done to validate the obtained results
Navas, Matos Francisco. "Analyse de stabilité pour la reconfiguration de contrôleurs dans des véhicules autonomes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM050/document.
Full textBenefits of autonomous vehicles are genuinely exciting, but the route to true autonomy in transportation will likely be long and full of uncertainty. Research on the last years is on the development of multi-sensor systems able to perceive the environment in which the vehicle is driving in. These systems increase complexity when controlling an autonomous vehicle, as different control systems are activated depending on the multi-sensor decision system. Each of these systems follows performance and stability criteria for its design, but they all must work together, providing stability guarantees and being able to handle dynamics, structural and environmental changes. This thesis explores the Youla-Kucera (YK) parameterization in dynamics systems such as vehicles, with special emphasis on stability when some dynamics change or the traffic situation demands controller reconfiguration. Focus is in obtaining simulation and experimental results related to Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC), with the aim not only of using for the very first time YK parameterization in the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) domain, but improving CACC state-of-the art. Stable controller reconfiguration results are given when non-available communication link with the preceding vehicle, cut-in/out maneuvers or surrounding vehicles with different dynamics, proving adapability, stability and possible real implementation of the YK parameterization as general control framework for autonomous vehicles
Carlési, Nicolas. "Coopération entre véhicules sous-marins autonomes : une approche organisationnelle réactive multi-agent." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20092.
Full textUnderwater marine applications are nowadays branching into various fields covering larger and deeper zones. Performing the required tasks with the aid of AUV flotillas is a real challenge. However, the advantages of using such a new technology are numerous. Firstly, this would highly reduce the cost of the mission thanks to the distribution of this former among the various AUV: the loss of one AUV or its bad functioning will not degrade the performance of the flotilla in general. Secondly, the use of a flotilla reduces the execution time of a mission given the parallelization of certain tasks. Finally, any mission can be accomplished by the flotilla by taking into consideration the specificity of each AUV. In fact, each of these vehicles holds different characteristics rendering the global architecture heterogeneous and therefore applicable in different contexts. However, the methods concerned with multi-AUV cooperation are hindered by two main limitations: (1) the number of communications induced and (2) the management of the heterogeneity in the flotilla.The proposed approach aims at responding to these challenges. The principal idea is to combine this reactive cooperational approach with an organizational one. The reactive cooperational approach allows the exchange of simple communication signals. However, it does not help in solving the problems of cooperation that are very constrained and that mainly concern the spatial coordination of homogeneous vehicles. The first contribution in this thesis is the extension of the satisfaction-altruism approach. A new reactive decisional mechanism capable of considering the cooperative actions of various natures is proposed. The second contribution consists in specifying the context of reactive interactions based on an organizational approach. The organizational model Agent/Group/Role is used in order to have an explicit representation of the flotilla. The concepts of "group" and especially "role" are used in the attribution of the communication signals allowing the accomplishment of heterogeneous interactions with a big modularity. A new concept is therefore born and is integrated in a new software architecture called REMORA intended to equip autonomous underwater vehicles. This proposed new method has been validated through various numerical simulations in different scenarios putting at stake heterogeneous AUV
Barbier, Mathieu. "Traversée d'une intersection : prise de décision sous incertitudes pour les véhicules autonomes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM058.
Full textAutonomous vehicles navigation implies that decisions are taken continuously based on a partial and uncertain knowledge of their environment. This is constrained by limited digital representations of the environment and uncertainty associated with the perception process. Further, it is difficult to predict the behaviour of the perceived entities. This is highlighted at crossroad intersections, where most road accidents occur. This thesis proposes a decision-making process that reasons with different types of uncertainties including the behaviour of the observed drivers to plan the vehicle motion.To understand the context and the behaviours of the observed driver's behaviour, a machine learning approach is proposed. The result is feed to the decision-making process to build probabilistic estimation of the environment. The vehicle motion is planned taking into account the effect this might have when the vehicle interact with other entities. Our approach rewards actions that promote interaction and reduces risk. The system behaviour is analysed by using a set of metrics derived from the scenario analysis as well as safety and operational constraints.To infer road context, Gaussian Processes are applied to learn motion patterns from simulated trajectories, which included the effect of vehicle interactions with other entities. The resulting patterns are segmented into areas and used to understand the behaviour of a vehicle approaching an intersection. Then, Random Forest Classifiers are applied to estimate the driver manoeuvre in each area. The dataset used for this training is built using data recorded from road trials and simulations. These classifiers infer lateral and longitudinal manoeuvre by extracting features from the vehicle trajectories. This approach shows that the road context improves the manoeuvre classification and that by mixing few real and simulated trajectories, it is possible to classify the manoeuvres of drivers arriving at an intersection.The decision-making process is built upon Partially Observable Markov Decision Process and uses the output of the manoeuvre understanding. This probabilistic framework reasons including perception and behaviour uncertainty in the environment models. These are used to predict the likely consequences of the autonomous vehicle actions on its immediate environment. However, the evaluation of all combinations of actions and state estimations is complex, therefore, an online solver is used to obtain an approximation of each action value. The vehicle actions are evaluated using a set of rewards, namely: collision risk, behavioural risk, comfort and traffic rules. A weighted sum of linear functions is used to balance each component of the reward function with respect to the vehicle distance to the intersection. It allows to adapt the behaviour of the automated vehicle to different scenarios.To validate the system performances and to determine causes of failure and success, Key Performance Indicators associated to the scenario are proposed. These are part of a generic testing architectures. The approach is applied to cross-cutting scenarios at road intersections, considered very complex and hazardous. Simulation techniques have been used to evaluate the proposed framework, to examine the largest number of scenarios and to be tested in safe conditions.The result of this thesis shows that it is possible to reason with other vehicle behaviour in the decision-making process while approaching a road intersection crossing. While classical methods fail to evaluate the system behaviour, the proposed validation method gives more insights. It will allow to test the system on the real road as well as using more advance data driven methods in the decision-making models
Autefage, Vincent. "Découverte de services et collaboration au sein d'une flotte hétérogène et hautement dynamique d'objets mobiles communicants autonomes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0205/document.
Full textWe call autonomous systems, mobile and communicating objects which are able to perform several tasks without any human intervention. The overall cost (including price, weight and energy) of the payload required by some missions is sometimes too important to enable the entities to embed all the required capabilities (i.e. sensors and actuators). This is the reason why it is more suitable to spread all the capabilities among several entities. The team formed by those entities is called a swarm. It then becomes necessary to provide a discovery mechanism built into the swarm in order to enable its members to share their capabilities and to collaborate for achieving a global mission.This mechanism should perform task allocation as well as management of conflicts and failures which can occur at any moment on any entity of the swarm. In this thesis, we present a novel collaborative system which is called AMiRALE for heterogeneous swarms of autonomous mobile robots. Our system is fully distributed and relies only on asynchronous communications. We also present a novel tool called NEmu which enables to create virtual mobile networks with a complete control over the network topology, links and nodes properties. This tool is designed for performingrealistic experimentation on prototypes of network applications. Finally, we present experimental results on our collaborative system AMiRALE obtained through a park cleaning scenario which relies on an autonomous swarm of drones and specialized ground robots
Ovalle, villamil Andres. "Gestion coorpérative de flotte de véhicules électriques en vue de son intégration optimale au réseau électrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT101.
Full textWith a stock of Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) under continuous grow during the last ten years, concerns have been raised in terms of their charging infrastructure and their integration into the electricity distribution systems. If PEVs are considered as a fleet, both their impact and benefit for the electrical power system can be substantial. The general objective of this thesis is to propose and develop decentralized algorithms allowing to mitigate the most critical impacts expected to occur with the integration of PEVs. Taking into account the reversibility of chargers, the proposed algorithms are intended to consider re-injection of energy, in order to provide ancillary services to the grid. Moreover, algorithms are supposed to consider the stochastic nature of variables like the arrival and departure of PEVs, their initial state of charge, among others. Under these premises and taking into account earlier contributions, this thesis introduces a centralized approach and a distributed optimization approach in order to have a solid benchmark for the justification of the most elaborate contributions of the last part of this work. After these first experiences, the most important contribution of this thesis is represented in two decentralized optimization methodologies that were developed in details based on concepts of evolutionary game theory. Both of them introduce the concept of fairness in the allocation of tasks and resources among PEVs, and give more weight to social constraints represented on the role of PEV owners in the load managing process. Furthermore, one of these methodologies includes alternatives to integrate fast charging rates in the scheduling process, while the other methodology allows PEVs to provide ancillary services like valley filling, peak shaving, active and reactive power balancing, and reactive power supply
Briñon, Arranz Lara. "Commande coopérative d'une flottille de véhicules autonomes sous-marins avec contraints de communication." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00700986.
Full textJradi, Madeleine. "Approche réactive pour la conduite en convoi des véhicules autonomes : Modélisation et vérification." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010896.
Full textRoussillon, Cyril. "Une solution opérationelle de localisation pour des véhicules autonomes basée sur le SLAM." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00956697.
Full textBouibed, Kamel. "Contribution à la gestion de défaillances d’un train de véhicules électriques légers autonomes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10030/document.
Full textThis work concerns the design of a supervision system applied to autonomous electric vehicle. Two based model monitoring methods are developed using the nonlinear model of electric vehicle: The first is based on multiple observers to detect and to isolate faults. The second approach is the generation of nonlinear analytical redundancy relations (nonlinear parity space). In addition to the generation of residuals by the method of parity space, differential sliding mode observers are integrated to estimate the successive derivatives of inputs and outputs. To make a train of three vehicles, a longitudinal control (control of the safety space) based on measuring the distance between vehicles is developed. The lateral control is based on a reference path tracking imposed for all vehicles. A steering command is then calculated based on the difference between the measured and the desired trajectory. Finally, some strategies are developed for the reconfiguration of the train of vehicles. The principle of the reconfiguration is the choice of strategy for the train of vehicles according to kind of detected fault
Roussillon, Cyril. "Une solution opérationnelle de localisation pour des véhicules autonomes basée sur le SLAM." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0050/document.
Full textThere are numerous applications of outdoor autonomous mobile robots : surveillance of areas to detect anomalies, data acquisition campaigns, exploration, search of victims in disaster areas, etc. Robot localization is a key function in these contexts because it is necessary fora lot of essential robotics tasks, in particular to build environment models, follow paths or supervise the execution of the missions.This work presents the development of a localization solution for autonomous robots, designedto be both a generic research tool and an effective tool to localize robots navigating with highlydynamic movements.Starting with a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) solution using a single camera,several solutions are successively built by gradually adding sensors, until obtaining a robust and precise system combining several cameras, an inertial sensor and odometry, which is inaddition able to integrate absolute position measures when available (e.g. as provided byGPS or a map-based localization scheme). A in-depth analysis of the abilities and limitations of the different systems is systematically made, in particular considering the advantages of estimating online extrinsic calibration parameters and sensor biases. A particular emphasisis set on real time execution of the algorithms on board the robots and on their robustness,requiring to address various problems related to temporal aspects of data management.Thorough evaluations using different realistic datasets allows to evaluate and validate the proposed work throughout the manuscript
El, Zaher Madeleine. "Approche réactive pour la conduite en convoi des véhicules autonomes : Modélisation et vérification." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BELF0216/document.
Full textThis thesis places in the framework of Platoons, sets of autonomous vehicles that move together while keeping a spatial configuration, without any material coupling. Goals of the thesis are: first, the definition of a decision making approach for platoon systems. Second, the definition of a method for the verification of safety properties associated to the platoon system.The proposed decision making approach is decentralized and self-organized. Platoon vehicles are autonomous, they act based only on their perception capabilities. The configuration emerges as a result of the individual behavior of each of the platoon vehicle. The proposed approach can be applied to platoon with different configurations, and allows for dynamic change of configuration.The proposed verification method uses the model-checking technique. Model checking of complex system can lead to the combinatory explosion problem. To deal with this problem, we choose to use a compositional verification method. Compositional methods decompose system models into different components and associate to each component an auxiliary property. The global property can then be deduced from the set of all the auxiliary properties, by applying a compositional deduction rule. We define a deduction rule suitable for decentralised platoon systems. The deduction rule considers each vehicle as a component. It is applicable under the assumption that adding a new component to an instance of the system does not modify behavior of the instance. Two safety properties have been verified : collision avoidance
Altché, Florent. "Prise de décision et planification de trajectoire pour les véhicules coopératifs et autonomes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM061/document.
Full textThe deployment of future self-driving vehicles is expected to have a major socioeconomic impact due to their promise to be both safer and more traffic-efficient than human-driven vehicles. In order to live up to these expectations, the ability of autonomous vehicles to plan safe trajectories and maneuver efficiently around obstacles will be paramount. However, motion planning among static or moving objects such as other vehicles is known to be a highly combinatorial problem, that remains challenging even for state-of-the-art algorithms. Indeed, the presence of obstacles creates exponentially many discrete maneuver choices, which are difficult even to characterize in the context of autonomous driving. This thesis explores a new approach to motion planning, based on using this notion of driving decisions as a guide to give structure to the planning problem, ultimately allowing easier resolution. This decision-based motion planning approach can find applications in cooperative driving, for instance to coordinate multiple vehicles through an unsignalized intersection, as well as in autonomous driving where a single vehicle plans its own trajectory. In the case of cooperative driving, decisions are known to correspond to the choice of a relative ordering for conflicting vehicles, which can be conveniently encoded as a graph. This thesis introduces a similar graph representation in the case of autonomous driving, where possible decisions -- such as overtaking the vehicle at a specific time -- are much more complex. Once a decision is made, planning the best possible trajectory corresponding to this decision is a much simpler problem, both in cooperative and autonomous driving. This decision-aware approach may lead to more robust and efficient motion planning, and opens exciting perspectives for combining classical mathematic programming algorithms with more modern machine learning techniques
Martinez-Gomez, Luis. "Navigation sûre pour véhicules autonomes en environnement dynamique: une approche basée "Inevitable Collision State"." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600578.
Full textVissière, David. "Solution de guidage-navigation-pilotage pour véhicules autonomes hétérogènes en vue d'une mission collaborative." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004492.
Full textTlig, Mohamed. "Coordination locale et optimisation distribuée du trafic de véhicules autonomes dans un réseau routier." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0049/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on traffic coordination and optimization in road intersections, while accounting for intelligent autonomous vehicles. This thesis is organized in two parts. The first part focuses on the problem of sharing a one-lane road between two opposite flows of vehicles. The state of the art shows few studies addressing this issue. We propose two reactive coordination approaches that minimize vehicle delays and measure their performances statistically through simulations. The second part of the thesis addresses the problem of generic traffic management in a traffic network. We develop a stop-free approach that explores a principle alternating vehicles between flows at intersections, and it provides distributed algorithms optimizing this alternation at each intersection and in the overall network. We present the modeling choices, the algorithms and the simulation study of our approach and we compare its performances with existing approaches
Rousseau, Kévin (Auteur de Segmentation et construction de descripteurs appliqués à. des nuages de points à. grande échelle pour la géolocalisation d'un véhicule semi-autonome). "Segmentation et construction de descripteurs appliqués à des nuages de points à grande échelle pour la géolocalisation d'un véhicule semi-autonome." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70398.
Full textIn this work we present a method to reference two dense point clouds. We begin by analyzing a point cloud of a large number of points, approximately 2 million points collected by a LiDAR mounted on a car, in order to segment this point cloud into surfaces that feature representative regions of the point cloud that are interesting in terms of geometry. Then the construction of descriptors for each segment found is made to identify significant features. These descriptors are the FPFH (Fast Point Feature Histograms) and the surface orientation histogram. Finally, the descriptors collected on two different point clouds of the same outdoor environment are compared to identify similar segments and thus to allow the location of the vehicle in relation to the outdoor environment.
Ben, Zakour Asma. "Extraction des utilisations typiques à partir de données hétérogènes en vue d'optimiser la maintenance d'une flotte de véhicules." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14539/document.
Full textThe present work is part of an industrial project driven by 2MoRO Solutions company.It aims to develop a high value service enabling aircraft operators to optimize their maintenance actions.Given the large amount of data available around aircraft exploitation, we aim to analyse the historical events recorded with each aircraft in order to extract maintenance forecasting. Theresults are used to integrate and consolidate maintenance tasks in order to minimize aircraft downtime and risk of failure. The proposed method involves three steps : (i) streamlining information in order to combinethem, (ii) organizing this data for easy analysis and (iii) an extraction step of useful knowledgein the form of interesting sequences. [...]
Le, Goff Latimier Roman. "Gestion et dimensionnement d'une flotte de véhicules électriques associée à une centrale photovoltaïque : co-optimisation stochastique et distribuée." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN033/document.
Full textSimultaneous development of flexible electricity consumers and of intermittent renewable producers calls for using their complementarities. It could foster their overall integration in power systems. For the purpose of this doctoral thesis, the collaboration between an electric vehicle fleet and a photovoltaic plant is studied. First of all, a generic problem is set up to improve the predictability of the power exchange between the power grid and the so called collaboratif system. It should therefore fulfill a commitment profile constraint. The intraday management of this system consists in an optimisation problem which objective is to mitigate the production forecast errors by charging power flexibility. This is a multitime step problem, because of the battery intertia. The random availibility of vehicles and the forecast errors also make it stochastic. Finally there is a huge number of variables as it is spread other an entiere fleet.Upstream of the problem resolution, the modeling of the dynamic behaviour and of the aging of Lithium Ion batteries is discussed. It results in a range of compromises between precision, impact on the final decision and computational cost. Furthermore, a hidden Markov model is proposed and developped so as to handle temporal structures of the forecast error of the photovoltaic production. This analysis is based on production data of a real plant and on associated forecasts.An electric vehicle fleet is considered as an equivalent agregated battery. Its optimal charging power is sorted out using stochastic dynamic programming. The sensitivity of the resulting management strategies is assessed against the models which describe the production forecast error or battery behaviour. The battery aging is rendered by several models which we discuss the consequences over the optimal sizing of an electric vehicle fleet regarding to the plant power.Then the optimal charing power for each one of the vehicles among a fleet is deduced using a sharing problem. The resolution is carried out using distributed optimisation --- Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers --- and dynamic programming. A specific attention is devoted to the individual mobility priorities of the vehicles users. The vehicle charging power is thus differenticiated according to each one preferences. We also investigate a situation where information exchanges are limited. The optimal sizing of an electric vehicle fleet associated with a photovoltaic plant is finaly considered under several possibilities of economic model. The coupling between sizing and daily management is tackled thanks to a co-optimization
Mechti, Redouane. "Contribution à la résolution des problèmes de tournées de véhicules avec fenêtres de temps et composition de flotte." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999VERS0023.
Full textAkki, Mouhcine. "Commande de l'inter-distance dans un convoi de véhicules autonomes par l'imposition d'impédances virtuelles d'interaction." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2010. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1250/1/030141472.pdf.
Full textBibard, Emmanuel. "Application d’un algorithme biomimétique pour la gestion d’une flotte de véhicules dédiés à une mobilité individuelle en milieu urbain." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1067/1/BIBARD_Emmanuel.pdf.
Full textCintas, Caroline. "Approche du paradoxe individualisation des rémunérations et coopération dans les ateliers : une étude de cas multi-sites chez Renault véhicules industriels." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10081.
Full textRamezani, Pooya. "Robustness of multimodal 3D object detection using deep learning approach for autonomous vehicles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68766.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the robustness of a multimodal 3D object detection model in the context of autonomous vehicles. Self-driving cars need to accurately detect and localize pedestrians and other vehicles in their 3D surrounding environment to drive on the roads safely. Robustness is one of the most critical aspects of an algorithm in the self-driving car 3D perception problem. Therefore, in this work, we proposed a method to evaluate a 3D object detector’s robustness. To this end, we have trained a representative multimodal 3D object detector on three different datasets. Afterward, we evaluated the trained model on datasets that we have proposed and made to assess the robustness of the trained models in diverse weather and lighting conditions. Our method uses two different approaches for building the proposed datasets for evaluating the robustness. In one approach, we used artificially corrupted images, and in the other one, we used the real images captured in diverse weather and lighting conditions. To detect objects such as cars and pedestrians in the traffic scenes, the multimodal model relies on images and 3D point clouds. Multimodal approaches for 3D object detection exploit different sensors such as camera and range detectors for detecting the objects of interest in the surrounding environment. We leveraged three well-known datasets in the domain of autonomous driving consist of KITTI, nuScenes, and Waymo. We conducted extensive experiments to investigate the proposed method for evaluating the model’s robustness and provided quantitative and qualitative results. We observed that our proposed method can measure the robustness of the model effectively.
Berrada, Jaâfar. "Analyse et optimisation technico-économiques des nouveaux services de mobilité basés sur l'usage des véhicules autonomes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1002.
Full textAutonomous Vehicles (AV) are becoming more of a reality, promising beneficial yet potentially disrupting changes to our urban transportation systems. This technology presents the potential to reduce energy consumption and crash occurrences, cut travel costs and minimize urban space occupancy for parking purposes. Yet barriers to implementation and mass-market penetration remain. Economically, the upfront costs in the initial stage will likely lack affordability. Socially, users could be reluctant to change their daily travel routines. Technically, the interactions with the other components of the transportation system remain uncertain. There are other challenges regarding liability, security, ethics and data privacy, too.This thesis contributes to the ex-ante study of AV-based mobility systems through the identification, design and assessment of upcoming Business Models (BM) articulated around AVs. In particular, it brings about a systemic analysis of “new” mobility services (especially car-sharing, carpooling and ride-sourcing services) in order to identify autonomous taxis (aTaxis) and autonomous shuttles (aTransit) as two of the most relevant forms of services that may enjoy wide spreading. Then, we focus on a service of aTaxis and we put forward a microeconomic model framework to evaluate strategic setups of aTaxis provider. The model framework comprises three levels (operational, tactical and strategic), and integrates three pressure forces (regulation, unit costs and demand preferences). An application is then conducted on a stylized area (Orbicity) and a real urban case (Palaiseau, a city in Paris area).Simulation results show that automation has the potential to improve both the mobility performances and the economic efficiency of the urban transportation system. Additionally, the density economies of supply and demand are evaluated by controlling both the fleet size and the number of users for a fixed study area. In particular, the framework application on Palaiseau proved that increasing by ten the fleet size of aTaxis involves 1% more users (+15 passengers) yet 50% less of profit. A stated-preference survey supports the model framework and suggests that aTaxis will likely be used for short-distance (2 to 5 km) commuting trips by two user profiles: (1) non-motorized young users (less than 30 years old) and (2) motorized active population between 30 and 50 years old.The thesis takes an interdisciplinary approach combining (1) a qualitative analysis that starts from a review of existing works and adds first a marketing analysis of Business Models based on AVs and second a systemic analysis of an aTaxis service, and (2) a quantitative analysis, situated midway between microeconomics and spatial simulation
Kendoul, Farid. "Modélisation et commande de véhicules aériens autonomes, et développement d'un pilote automatique basé sur la vision." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1694.
Full textIn this thesis, we address the 3D flight control problem for small unmanned aerial vehicles. The first step in achieving such UA V autonomy is basic stability. In doing so, we investigate control techniques which would allow a small rotorcraft UA V to perform autonomously basic tasks such as take-off, hovering and landing. The proposed flight controllers consider actuator saturation and guarantee system stability and good flight performance. One of the main contributions of this thesis is also the development of a vision-based autopilot for self localization, obstacles detection and control of small autonomous helicopters using optic flow and inertial data. The proposed autopilot is inspired by insects and represents a major step toward our goal of designing autonomous small flying machines capable of navigating within urban and unknown environments. It is composed of a vision module for localization and perception, and an adaptive control system for navigation and trajectory tracking
Arcile, Johan. "Conception, modélisation et vérification formelle d’un système temps-réel d’agents coopératifs : application aux véhicules autonomes communicants." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE029.
Full textThis thesis is motivated by the question of the validation of properties in a system composed of several mobile agents individually making decisions in real time.Each agent has a perception of their own environment and can communicate with other agents nearby.The application that has been chosen as a case study is that of autonomous vehicles, which because of the large number of variables involved in the representation of such systems, makes naive approaches impossible.The issues addressed concern, on the one hand, the modeling of such a system, in particular the choice of the formalism and the level of abstraction of the model, and on the other hand, the implementation of an evaluation protocol of decision making of vehicles.This last point includes the question of the efficiency of the exploration of the state space of the model.The thesis presents a set of works, which can be complementary, aiming to treat these problems.First, the system, consisting of autonomous vehicles and their environment, is precisely defined.It allows in particular to observe the impact of communications between vehicles on their behavior.The VerifCar software framework dedicated to decision-making analysis of communicating autonomous vehicles is then presented.It includes a parametric model of timed automata with the ability to check temporal logic properties.An analysis methodology using these properties is presented.A complementary approach is also proposed, which in some cases allows for greater efficiency and greater expressiveness.It is based on the formalism of MAPTs (Multi-Agent with Timed Periodic Tasks), which was designed for modeling real-time systems of cooperative agents.Algorithms allowing a dynamic exploration of the states of this type of model (that is to say without the state space having to be built beforehand) are presented.Finally, a combined method combining simulation and model verification tools to control the level of realism is described and applied to the case study