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Banerjee, Rajyasree. "Problems and prospects of flori culture in selected regions of East and North-East Himalayas." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2017. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2589.
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Silva, Flavio Jose de Oliveira. "Das tendas ?s telhas: a educa??o escolar das crian?as ciganas da pra?a Calon-Flor?nia/RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14503.
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-01Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
El presente trabajo es el resultado de una investigaci?n llevada a cabo con un grupo de etnia roman? Calon, en el territorio de Serid?, espec?ficamente la ciudad de Flor?nia, estado do Rio Grande do Norte / RN, como un lugar con la Escola Municipal de Domingas Francelina das Neves . El grupo se traslad? a las pruebas de un nuevo espacio en la ciudad en los principios de l980, la construcci?n de casas para vivir de esta manera y fundar una escuela para sus hijos, desde el consumo de una cultura diferente a la manera de vivir y estar en el mundo, si los usuarios que hacen de las pol?ticas p?blicas establecidas grupos sociales. Hemos elegido como base para el an?lisis de la importancia te?rica y metodol?gica de la Escuela de Cultura Cultura Historia, conceptos y pr?cticas, estrategias y t?cticas (Michel de Certeau), la entrevista completa (Kaufmann) y la memoria (Le Goff). Como una estrategia en la investigaci?n de campo, se utiliza la t?cnica de observaci?n participante (Minayo). En este trabajo, encontramos el ejercicio de la educaci?n para la vida familiar, la pr?ctica social y cultural de los gitanos, el trabajo de la instituci?n de educaci?n y los elementos postulada por los te?ricos que abordan los cambios en los estilos de vida de la inclusi?n en la escuela, las culturas silenciadas o negada. La investigaci?n representa una labor de di?logo intercultural en una investigaci?n como resultado de intensas b?squedas en fuentes documentales y de archivo, despu?s de haber sido un cuerpo emp?rico, con material de lectura en los archivos p?blicos de la Cidade de Flor?nia, Escola Municipal de archivo Domingas Francelina das Neves entrevistas, fotograf?as, pel?culas, cuadernos, documentos personales y diarios de circulaci?n nacional. Nuestra investigaci?n tuvo como resultado en los estudios de la cultura escolar y la escuela, el lugar de la escuela como un instrumento de inclusi?n social de grupos marginados y los grupos ?tnicos, sin poder, los estudios para la comprensi?n de la convivencia con los distintos temas de la diversidad, as? como la comprensi?n y posibilidades de la formulaci?n de declaraciones de pol?tica, teniendo como punto de partida las pr?cticas sociales y culturales de la rutina escolar
O presente trabalho ? resultado de uma investiga??o realizada com um grupo de ciganos da etnia Calon, no territ?rio do serid? potiguar, mais precisamente na cidade de Flor?nia, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, tendo como l?cus a Escola Municipal Domingas Francelina das Neves. O grupo em evid?ncia passou a ocupar um novo espa?o na cidade, no in?cio dos anos l980, construindo casas de morar e encontraram, neste caminho, uma escola para seus filhos, passando a consumir uma cultura diferente do seu modo de viver e estar no mundo, tornandose usu?rio de pol?ticas p?blicas de grupos sociais estabelecidos. Optamos por usar como base de an?lise os pressupostos te?rico-metodol?gicos da Hist?ria Cultural destacando a Cultura Escolar, conceitos como pr?ticas, estrat?gias e t?ticas (Michel de Certeau), entrevista compreensiva (Kaufmann); e mem?ria (Le Goff). Como estrat?gia na pesquisa de campo, utilizamos a t?cnica de observa??o participante (Minayo). Neste trabalho, evidenciamos o exerc?cio educativo da vida familiar, social dos ciganos como pr?tica cultural, o trabalho de escolariza??o da institui??o de ensino e os elementos postulados por te?ricos que abordam as transforma??es dos modos de vida a partir da inclus?o na escola, de culturas silenciadas ou negadas. A pesquisa traduz um trabalho de di?logo intercultural em uma investiga??o resultante de intensas buscas em fontes documentais e arquiv?sticas, tendo sido constitu?do um corpo emp?rico, com materiais de leituras no Arquivo P?blico da Prefeitura Municipal de Flor?nia, arquivo da Escola Municipal Domingas Francelina das Neves, entrevistas, fotografias, filmagens, cadernos de anota??es, documentos pessoais e jornais de circula??o nacional. Nossa investiga??o resultou em estudos sobre a cultura escolar e o cotidiano escolar; o lugar da escola enquanto instrumento de inclus?o social de grupos marginalizados e de etnias sem poder; estudos para a compreens?o de conviv?ncias com os diferentes sujeitos da diversidade, bem como entendimentos e possibilidades de formula??o de pol?ticas afirmativas, tendo como ponto de partida as pr?ticas sociais e culturais do cotidiano escolar
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Oliveira, Flavia Preto de Godoy. "Natureza peregrina: a fauna e a flora das índias ocidentais nas crônicas oficiais hispânicas (1570-1620)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-16052016-151533/.
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Esta tese apresenta uma reflexão acerca dos conhecimentos sobre a fauna e a flora do Novo Mundo produzidos pelas instituições vinculadas à Coroa espanhola entre os anos de 1570 e 1620. Para tanto, optou-se pela análise das crônicas oficiais e dos documentos expedidos pelo Consejo de Indias que demandavam informações sobre o mundo natural americano. As configurações e as funções que assumiam os saberes sobre os animais e as plantas nas estruturas burocráticas e no espaço discursivo das crônicas oficiais são elementos analisados ao longo dos quatro capítulos que compõem a tese. No primeiro apartado, além de discussões teóricas e historiográficas sobre as relações entre império, conhecimento e ciência, foram examinadas algumas das cédulas e instruções enviadas pelo Consejo de Indias a diferentes partes do continente no período anterior a 1570. O segundo capítulo foi dedicado à análise da reforma empreendida por Juan de Ovando no Consejo de Indias, sobretudo, em relação às leis e demandas relativas à coleta de dados e construção de conhecimentos sobre o continente americano, também foram discutidos aspectos relacionados à criação do cargo de cosmógrafo o cronista maior das Índias. O terceiro capítulo está dedicado ao exame das obras do primeiro cosmógrafo e cronista maior das Índias, Juan López de Velasco. O último capítulo está centrado no estudo dos dois cronistas oficiais das Índias que atuaram durante o reinado de Felipe III: Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas e Pedro de Valencia. Com a análise desse conjunto documental, pretendemos evidenciar a configuração de uma cultura epistêmica no seio das instituições oficiais, a qual estava em diálogo com tradições letradas e científicas do período, bem como com os anseios de constituição de uma ideia de império para a Monarquia Hispânica.This thesis presents a reflection about the knowledge of the New Worlds fauna and flora, generated by the institutions linked to the Spanish Crown between the years of 1570 and 1620. For this, it was opted for the analysis of the official chronicles and documents issued by Consejo de Indias that demanded information about the American natural world. The configurations and the functions that took on the knowledge about animals and plants in the bureaucratic structures and in the discursive space of the official chronicles are analyzed elements during the four chapters that compound the thesis. In the first part, beyond the theoretical and historiographical discussions about the relationships among the empire, knowledge and science, were examined some of the documents and instructions sent by Consejo de Indias to different parts of the continent in the period before 1570. The second chapter was dedicated to the analysis of the reform made by Juan de Ovando in Consejo de Indias, mainly with regard to laws and demands linked to data gathering and knowledge building about the American continent and also were discussed aspects related to the creation of the cosmographer-chronicler major of Indies position. The third chapter is dedicated to the examination of the first cosmographer-chronicler major of Indies Juan Lopez de Velascos work. The last chapter is focused on the analysis of two Indies official chroniclers that acted during Felipe IIIs reign: Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas and Pedro de Valencia. With the analysis of this documentation, it is intended to emphasize the configuration of an epistemic culture within the official institutions, culture related to literate and scientific traditions of that period as well as to the desire to establish an idea of empire for the Hispanic monarchy.
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Mears, Mary D. "Choice and discovery an analysis of women and culture in Flora Nwapa's fiction /." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://digital.lib.usf.edu/?e14.2845.
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Sokmen, Atalay. "Novel bioactive leads from the Turkish flora via plant cell cultures." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265592.
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Pinheiro, Aureliano Marques. "Cultura material: a produção de artesanato na terra indígena Beija- flor." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2012. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2543.
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-30This paper has as objective to analyze the aspects of handicraft production and its relation to the creation of Beija-Flor Indigenous Land and aspects of social organization. It will be presented in the contextualization of the Amazon, aspects of the transformation of the indigenous peoples way of life from contact with European settlers and new relationships developed in space, to become the territory structured by the values of non-indigenous. The European conquest caused the displacement of many indigenous people from their places of origin to settle elsewhere, forming communities, is destabilized and restructuring themselves, resulting in the absorption values of others. The paper discusses the transformation of Beija-Flor Indigenous Community in the Indian land, contemplating their interests and conflicts arising from it. The origin of the community is related to the production of handicrafts for the market, and to support this aspect, we dealt with the meaning of material culture related to the importance of the techniques in human and art of indigenous peoples. It was used the literature and field research through interviews with forms, obtaining as a result the identification of the type of crafts produced in the community, such as ornaments, weapons and games, musical instruments and ritual, twisted, and the social and economic aspects related to the production of handicrafts, ethnic groups that live there, profiles of individuals and crafts typical of every people, raw materials and obtaining the same place and meaning of the craft for each ethnicity.
Este trabalho tem, por objetivo, analisar os aspectos da produção de artesanato e sua relação com a criação da Terra Indígena Beija-Flor e aspectos de sua organização social. Serão apresentados, na contextualização da Amazônia, aspectos da transformação do modo de vida dos povos indígenas a partir do contato com o colonizador europeu e das novas relações desenvolvidas no espaço, para se tornar território estruturado pelos valores do não indígena. A conquista europeia provocou o deslocamento de vários indivíduos indígenas de seus lugares de origem para se estabelecerem em outros lugares, formando comunidades, desestruturando-se e reestruturando-se, implicando na absorção de valores diferentes dos seus. Será apresentado o processo de transformação da Comunidade Indígena Beija-Flor em Terra Indígena, contemplando os interesses e os conflitos decorrentes do mesmo. A origem da comunidade está relacionada com a produção de artesanato para o mercado, e, para embasar este aspecto, abordou-se sobre o significado da cultura material, relacionado com a importância das técnicas nas atividades humanas e arte dos povos indígenas. Utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo, através de entrevistas com formulários, obtendo-se como resultado a identificação da tipologia do artesanato produzido na comunidade, tais como adornos, armas e jogos, instrumentos musicais e ritualísticos, trançados, bem como os aspectos sociais e econômicos relacionados no processo de produção de artesanato, as etnias que lá habitam, perfil dos indivíduos e o artesanato característico de cada povo; matéria-prima e local de obtenção da mesma e o significado do artesanato para cada etnia.
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Pereira, Adriana. "Estudo da flora bacteriana associada a larvicultura de Nodipecten nodosus (LINNAEUS, 1758 - BIVALVIA:PECTINIDAE) /." Florianópolis, SC, 2000. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/78749.
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O pectinídeo Nodipecten nodosus (LINNAEUS, 1758) apresenta-se como um molusco de grande potencial para aquicultura. Sua consolidação como alternativa de produção depende da solução de problemas relacionados com a produção de sementes que sofre grandes flutuações, principalmente devido a doenças bacterianas. Neste trabalho buscou-se conhecer a flora bacteriana associada a larviculturas de N. nodosus frente à presença e ausência do antibiótico cloranfenicol (3mg.L-1). O conhecimento desta microbiota pode melhorar as ações sanitárias contra bactérias patogênicas, principalmente nos estágios mais sensíveis do cultivo. Em 3 experimentos efetuados em distintas épocas do ano (outono, primavera e verão) verificou-se os efeitos da presença ou ausência do cloranfenicol sobre a sobrevivência larval de N. nodosus e da flora bacteriana associada. Paralelamente avaliaram-se as fontes de contaminação dos cultivos larvais. Os 3 experimentos revelaram que o uso de antibiótico inibe o crescimento de bactérias do tipo Víbrio proporcionando melhores sobrevivências larvais. O gênero bacteriano dominante na microbiota associada aos cultivos foi Pseudoalteromonas sp. Nos cultivos sem cloranfenicol encontrou-se uma espécie de Vibrio (Vibrio sp. STD3-348-3), que parece patogênica, pois sua presença coincide com os resultados de menor sobrevivência larval. Dentre as possíveis fontes de contaminação ficou evidente que bactérias heterotróficas totais e vibrionáceas são aportadas aos cultivos larvais a partir de larvas véligers "D" e principalmente por meio da água de abastecimento.
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Bintsis, Thomas. "Aspects of the microbiology of Feta cheese brine." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366049.
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Zuppi, Patricia de Almeida. "Ñembojera: \"como uma flor que se desdobra à luz do sol\" - rastros entre-poéticas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27155/tde-28022014-115925/.
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Esta pesquisa trata dos processos que envolvem a experiência performática e os fluxos entre memória, resistência e criação no âmbito do entrecruzamento de culturas. Parte-se da instauração de interlocuções no contexto das aldeias indígenas Guarani da capital de São Paulo que, apesar das dinâmicas de contato com a metrópole, ainda mantêm vivos seu idioma e práticas ritualísticas tradicionais. O eixo de reflexão se volta para a percepção de possíveis fricções, intersecções e contaminações poéticas deflagradas neste contato. Performance é aqui compreendida com ênfase na experiência, como campo relacional. Ritual e Arte, e seus respectivos meios e processos, aproximados pela perspectiva da experiência liminar proposta por Victor Turner, são postos em deslocamento numa ruptura entre as fronteiras de distintos gêneros de performance cultural. À luz dos Estudos da Performance e da Antropologia da Performance é sugerida uma apreensão do intervalo entre culturas distintas, como um entre-lugar potencialmente transformador, gerador de novos sentidos.This research deals with the processes which involve the performatic experience and flows between memory, resistance and creation within the crossing of cultures. It starts with the establishment of dialogues in the context of Guarani Indian villages from the capital of Sao Paulo that, despite the dynamic contact with the metropolis, still keep alive their language and traditional ritual practices. The axis of reflection goes to the perception of possible intersections and poetic contamination deflagrated in intercultural contact. Performance is understood here with emphasis on experience, as a relational field in the proposition of the meeting with the -other culturally different?. Ritual and Art, and their respective environments and processes, approximated by the perspective of liminal experience, proposed by Victor Turner, are put on the move on a rupture between the boundaries of different kinds of cultural performance. In light of Performance Studies and Anthropology of Performance is suggested an apprehension of interval between different cultures, as a potentially transformative in-between place, generating new meanings.
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Ryan, John C. "Plants, people and place : cultural botany and the Southwest Australian flora." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2011. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/426.
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The Southwest corner of Western Australia has a distinctive culture of flora. In particular, the region is an internationally lauded destination for wildflower tourism. Aesthetic values inform the Southwest’s contemporary culture of flora and its products: photographs of flowers, botanical illustrations, taxonomic schemata and visually based landscape writings. In dynamic combination with sight, however, multi-sensoriality enhances cultures of flora through sensation. Hence, this thesis argues that it is vital to consider how bodily experiences deepen the appreciation of floristic appearances. Through readings of cultural, literary and historical sources, I propose floraesthesis as an embodied aesthetics of plants. The ancient concept of aesthesis, the root of the modern term aesthetics, comprises sensations—induced by the many senses—as gestures of curiosity. Whereas floraesthesis theorises corporeal appreciation, a visual aesthetic tends to distance plants from human appreciators. The latter may posit plants hierarchically as objects of visual art or constructs of quantitative science. This project puts into practice a critical humanities-based model that I call cultural botany. Following a progression of readings from colonial to contemporary times, I trace a continuum from floral aesthetics to floraesthesis through the cultural botany context. Using an integrative Thoreauvian-Heideggerean theoretical framework, I describe floral aesthetics as constituted by culture and language. As Thoreau and Heidegger suggest, embodied appreciation is predicated on language. I then theorise floraesthesis through readings of written and spoken materials: historic and contemporary literatures; colonialera botanical documents; transcriptions of ethnographic interviews; and my poetic enquiries as interludes throughout the text. A qualitative methodology, which I term botanic field aesthetics, comprises poetic practice, ethnographic interviewing and field walking set within an extensive historical context and organised around three places: Lesueur National Park, Fitzgerald River National Park and Anstey-Keane Damplands.
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Penjon, Jacqueline. "Nature et culture dans le roman brésilien contemporain : lexique de la faune et de la flore." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040003.
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Le but de cette thèse est d'étudier l'adaptation d'une langue transplantée dans une autre nature, un autre climat. Elle comprend donc une introduction expliquant les critères du choix du vocabulaire et des auteurs (XXe siècle), en prenant pour point de départ les résultats d'une étude antérieure (thèse de 3e cycle) sur la période romantique. Une première partie structure le vocabulaire en fonction des catégories (approximations, régionalismes, désignations multiples) ; une seconde l'étudie par ensembles (mots européens savants, néologismes, mots africains, etc. ). La troisième partie envisage le lexique en tant qu'instrument par lequel les civilisations se construisent une vision du monde. Les volumes II et III présentent sous forme de dictionnaires faune et flore, l'étude détaillée ayant permis la synthèse du premier volume et propose des traductions françaises (Antilles Guyane, Afrique francophone)The purpose of this thesis is to study the adaptation of a language transplanted in another nature, another climate. It is therefore made up of an introductory chapter explaining the criteria used for selecting the vocabulary and the authors (twentieth century), based on the results of a former study about the romantic period. The first section focuses on structuring the vocabulary in accordance with categories (approximations, regionalisms, multiple designations). The object of the second section is to study the vocabulary as different sets: European learned words, neologisms, African words, Tupi words, double designations (European and Tupi, European and African, etc. ). The third section is intended to examine the lexicon as a tool for the civilizations to construct their vision of the world. Volumes II and III present as fauna and flora dictionaries, the detailed lexical study what permitted the first volume synthesis, and suggest French translations (West Indies Guiana, French-speaking Africa)
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Rocha, Laura Fernanda de Lima. "Produção de gerbera em estufa para flor cortada." Master's thesis, ISA, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6131.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe Floragri- Floricultura e Agriculturax is a cut flower production of gerbera hybrid in a 2.5ha’s greenhouse. It has a good technological level and I’ve been doing there an internship for 9 months. This work describes some of my activities, such as monitoring the plantation, controlling the irrigation and fertilization systems, the introduction of the beneficial fauna, the chemical treatments and the quality control during the harvesting. The main cultural operations have been selected - the cultivars selection, the installation system, the plantation, the irrigation and fertilization, the most important pests and diseases and the harvesting and post-harvesting. Using the bibliography it’s described the techniques and procedures used in the firm. Some advices and alternative solutions are given so that some things can be improved. The firm shows a good technical level in Gerbera’s production, a high production and a distinguish quality. However it was verified that there are some opportunities to introduce some improving production techniques to make possible improve the quality and specially do reduce the costs.
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Al, Masalma Mouhamad. "Molecular and cultural analysis of the bacterial flora associated with brain abscesses." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20663/document.
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Les abcès cérébraux sont des infections potentiellement mortelles, entraînant souvent des séquelles graves. La prise en charge médicale en reste empirique en raison d’un manque de connaissance approfondie des microorganismes responsables de cette condition. Dans la plupart des laboratoires microbiologiques, le diagnostic d’abcès cérébral est basé sur la culture du pus recueilli chirurgicalement. Malheureusement, cette procédure a de nombreuses limites et ne permet l’identification que d’une petite partie de la population microbienne en cause. L’amplification par PCR et le séquençage du gène codant la fraction 16S de l’ADN ribosomal ont récemment été utilisées pour surmonter les limites de la culture, et ont été démontré leur efficacité dans la documentation des infections bactériennes. Malheureusement, cette procédure présente un degré de discrimination limité en cas d’infection polymicrobienne. Des études métagénomiques de flores complexes de l’homme, basées sur une combinaison de PCR, clonage et séquençage des produits de PCR se sont avérées utiles pour évaluer la diversité bactérienne des flores dentaires, vaginales et intestinales. Nous avons appliqué cette technique à des échantillons d’abcès cérébral pour étudier la flore associée à cette maladie. Dans une première étape, nous avons réalisé une enquête en utilisant la culture et les techniques moléculaires. Le but de cette étude était d’analyser et d’évaluer les bactéries de la flore responsable des abcès cérébraux, en comparant la culture à trois techniques moléculaires basées sur le gène 16S rDNA, incluant le séquençage direct, le clonage suivi de séquençage par méthode de Sanger, et le séquençage direct des produits de PCR par pyroséquençage. Cette enquête a déterminé que la variété des espèces bactériennes associée aux abcès cérébraux est beaucoup plus grande que précédemment décrite, et inclut de nombreuses bactéries anaérobies et des bactéries incultivables de la flore buccale. Cette étude préliminaire a identifié 49 agents bactériens différents, et a permis l’identification de 27 bactéries jamais détectées auparavant dans des abcès du cérébraux, dont 15 n’avaient jamais été cultivées. Un tel nombre d’espèces bactériennes impliquées dans les abcès cérébraux a motivé l’étude de 51 nouveaux spécimens dans le but de décrire plus en détail la flore associée aux abcès cérébraux en fonction de leurs étiologies. Ainsi, nous avons effectué une analyse métagénomique, basé sur le gène 16S rDNA, de 51 patients ayant développé un abcès cérébral. Notre stratégie a été beaucoup plus discriminatoire et a permis à l’identification d’un plus grand nombre de bactéries que la culture et l’amplification et le séquençage direct de l’ANRr 16S. La combinaison des données de 71 patients (20 de la première étude et 51 de la deuxième étude) a permis l’identification de plusieurs associations à l’aide de la méthode de data mining.En outre, notre étude a permis l’identification de deux nouvelles bactéries, la première étant une nouvelle espèce de genre Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus massiliensis) et la seconde étant une bactérie anaérobie qui représente une nouvelle espèce dans un nouveau genre au sein du phylum des Bacteroidetes (Phocaeicola abscesses). En outre, nous avons décrit deux cas inhabituels d’abcès du cerveau, à Mycoplasma hominis après curetage utérin, et à Nocardia carnea chez un greffé rénal. Malgré les limites inhérentes à la procédure de clonage, nos résultats suggèrent que le clonage et le séquençage de gène DNAr 16S est une méthode très performante pour identifier les agents bactériens associés aux abcès cérébrauxBrain abscess is a life-threatening infection with frequent serious sequelae. The medical management remains empirical due to a lack of comprehensive knowledge of the microorganisms responsible for this condition. In most microbiology laboratories the diagnosis of brain abscess is based on culture from pus collected surgically. Unfortunately, this procedure has many limitations and reveals only a small portion of the true microbial population. PCR-amplified 16S rDNA sequencing has recently been used to overcome the limitations of culture-based bacterial detection in brain abscess pus, and it was demonstrated to be effective in the documentation of monomicrobial infections. Unfortunately, this procedure failed to discriminate among polymicrobial floras.Metagenomic studies of complex human floras using a combination of 16S rDNA PCR and cloning-sequencing of PCR products proved useful to evaluate the bacterial diversity of dental, vaginal and intestinal floras. Thus, we applied this technique to brain abscess samples to study the flora associated with this condition. In a first step, we performed an investigation using culture and molecular techniques. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze and evaluate the bacterial flora responsible for brain abscess by comparing standard culture technique to three techniques using 16S rDNA amplification, that is, direct sequencing, multiple sequencing following cloning, and multiple sequencing via high throughput pyrosequencing. This investigation has determined that the variety of brain abscess-associated bacterial species is much larger than previously reported, and it includes many anaerobes and uncultured bacteria from the oral cavity flora. This preliminary study identified 49 distinct brain abscess bacterial agents, and enabled the identification of 27 bacteria never detected before in brain abscess, 15 of which were uncultured.Such a high number of bacterial species involved in brain abscess prompted the study of 51 new specimens in an effort to describe further the flora associated with brain abscesses and their etiologies. Thus, we performed a 16S rDNA-based metagenomic analysis of cerebral abscesses from 51 patients. Our strategy was significantly more discriminatory and enabled the identification of greater number of bacterial taxa, than culture and conventional 16S rDNA PCR/sequencing, respectively. The combination of data from 71 patients (20 from the first study and 51 from the second study) enabled the identification of several associations using the data mining analysis. Also, these studies permitted the identification of two novel bacteria, the first being a novel Staphylococcus species (Staphylococcus massiliensis) and the second being a novel anaerobic bacterium that represents a novel species in a new genus within the phylum Bacteroidetes (Phocaeicola abscesses). In addition, we reported tow unusual cases of brain abscess, the first case was a Mycoplasma hominis brain abscess following uterus curettage and the second case was a Nocardia carnea infection in a kidney transplant recipient patient.Despite limitations inherent to the cloning procedure, our results suggest that cloning and sequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA is a highly valuable method to identify bacterial agents of brain abscesses
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Moraes, Milena Cristina [UNESP]. "Estudo biotecnológico, citogenético e molecular em espécies de orquídeas endêmicas da flora brasileira." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115895.
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000810969.pdf: 637992 bytes, checksum: bb27badfbcf2ef58be3e078dd629aaa0 (MD5)O cultivo comercial de orquídeas é significativo no mundo. Alguns gêneros e espécies nativas do Brasil, como Cattleya, são apreciados e têm elevado valor econômico devido à capacidade de recombinação genética, beleza, forma, tamanho e durabilidade de suas flores. Contudo, muitas dessas espécies e gêneros encontram-se em risco de extinção, o que as torna objeto para diversos estudos. Técnicas biotecnológicas de cultivo in vitro (germinação assimbiótica de sementes e micropropagação) são valiosos instrumentos na obtenção de mudas. Devido à polinização na natureza ser limitada e com baixa probabilidade de germinação, o cultivo in vitro utiliza formulações de meios de cultivo adequados à germinação de sementes e ao crescimento de diferentes espécies, resultando em maiores percentuais de germinação, em comparação com condições naturais. Neste trabalho foi comparada a atuação de diferentes meios de cultivo na germinação e desenvolvimento de Cattleya guttata, C. leopoldii e C. tigrina. Contudo, os resultados obtidos são preliminares e a procura por um meio de cultivo específico para cada espécie, visando crescimento rápido e em quantidade, necessita de continuidade para somente então afirmar com propriedade qual dos protocolos ensaiados é mais adequado a cada espécie. Existem conflitos taxonômicos envolvendo C. guttata, C. tigrina e C. leopoldii. Muitos taxonomistas consideram C. tigrina e também C. 7 leopoldii como sinônimos de C. guttata. O conhecimento relativo à citogenética da família Orchidaceae tem contribuído expressivamente para o entendimento das relações filogenéticas em todos os níveis taxonômicos em diferentes gêneros. Entre as Catleias, estudos cariológicos identificaram indivíduos com 40 até 100 cromossomos, sendo que n = 20 é o número básico mais frequente. Para diagnosticar o número cromossômico das espécies...
The commercial orchids cultive is significant in the world. Some genera and species native to Brazil, as the Cattleya, are appreciated and have high economic value because of the genetic recombination ability, beauty, shape, size and durability of its flowers. However, many of these species and genera are at risk of extinction, making them subject to several studies. Biotechnological techniques of in vitro (asymbiotic seed germination and micropropagation) are valuable tools for seedlings obtainment. Due to pollination in nature be limited and with low germination probability, in vitro cultivation uses suitable formulations of media culture for germination and growth of different species, resulting in higher germination rates compared to natural conditions. In this work we compared the performance of different culture media on germination and development of Cattleya guttata, C. leopoldii and C. tigrina. However the results are preliminary and the search for a specific medium culture for each species, aiming rapid growth in quantity, need continuity to say properly which of the tested protocols is the most suitable to each species. There are taxonomic conflicts involving C. guttata, C. tigrina and C. leopoldii. Many taxonomists consider C. tigrina and also C. leopoldii as synonyms of C. guttata. The knowledge concerning the cytogenetics of the Orchidaceae family has contributed significantly to the understanding of the phylogenetic relationships at all taxonomic levels in different 9 genus. Among Cattleya, karyological studies have identified subjects with 40 to 100 chromosomes, where n = 20 is the most frequent basic number. To diagnose the chromosome number of C. guttata, C. leopoldii and C. tigrina was employed Feulgen method in 8-hydroxyquinoline pre-treated roots. However, cytogenetic studies obtained were not proper enough to say that the three studied species are similar or different from...
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Moraes, Milena Cristina. "Estudo biotecnológico, citogenético e molecular em espécies de orquídeas endêmicas da flora brasileira /." Assis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115895.
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Orientador: Darío Abel PalmieriBanca: Monica Rosa Bertão
Banca: Cristiano Pedroso de Moraes
Resumo: O cultivo comercial de orquídeas é significativo no mundo. Alguns gêneros e espécies nativas do Brasil, como Cattleya, são apreciados e têm elevado valor econômico devido à capacidade de recombinação genética, beleza, forma, tamanho e durabilidade de suas flores. Contudo, muitas dessas espécies e gêneros encontram-se em risco de extinção, o que as torna objeto para diversos estudos. Técnicas biotecnológicas de cultivo in vitro (germinação assimbiótica de sementes e micropropagação) são valiosos instrumentos na obtenção de mudas. Devido à polinização na natureza ser limitada e com baixa probabilidade de germinação, o cultivo in vitro utiliza formulações de meios de cultivo adequados à germinação de sementes e ao crescimento de diferentes espécies, resultando em maiores percentuais de germinação, em comparação com condições naturais. Neste trabalho foi comparada a atuação de diferentes meios de cultivo na germinação e desenvolvimento de Cattleya guttata, C. leopoldii e C. tigrina. Contudo, os resultados obtidos são preliminares e a procura por um meio de cultivo específico para cada espécie, visando crescimento rápido e em quantidade, necessita de continuidade para somente então afirmar com propriedade qual dos protocolos ensaiados é mais adequado a cada espécie. Existem conflitos taxonômicos envolvendo C. guttata, C. tigrina e C. leopoldii. Muitos taxonomistas consideram C. tigrina e também C. 7 leopoldii como sinônimos de C. guttata. O conhecimento relativo à citogenética da família Orchidaceae tem contribuído expressivamente para o entendimento das relações filogenéticas em todos os níveis taxonômicos em diferentes gêneros. Entre as Catleias, estudos cariológicos identificaram indivíduos com 40 até 100 cromossomos, sendo que n = 20 é o número básico mais frequente. Para diagnosticar o número cromossômico das espécies...
Abstract: The commercial orchids cultive is significant in the world. Some genera and species native to Brazil, as the Cattleya, are appreciated and have high economic value because of the genetic recombination ability, beauty, shape, size and durability of its flowers. However, many of these species and genera are at risk of extinction, making them subject to several studies. Biotechnological techniques of in vitro (asymbiotic seed germination and micropropagation) are valuable tools for seedlings obtainment. Due to pollination in nature be limited and with low germination probability, in vitro cultivation uses suitable formulations of media culture for germination and growth of different species, resulting in higher germination rates compared to natural conditions. In this work we compared the performance of different culture media on germination and development of Cattleya guttata, C. leopoldii and C. tigrina. However the results are preliminary and the search for a specific medium culture for each species, aiming rapid growth in quantity, need continuity to say properly which of the tested protocols is the most suitable to each species. There are taxonomic conflicts involving C. guttata, C. tigrina and C. leopoldii. Many taxonomists consider C. tigrina and also C. leopoldii as synonyms of C. guttata. The knowledge concerning the cytogenetics of the Orchidaceae family has contributed significantly to the understanding of the phylogenetic relationships at all taxonomic levels in different 9 genus. Among Cattleya, karyological studies have identified subjects with 40 to 100 chromosomes, where n = 20 is the most frequent basic number. To diagnose the chromosome number of C. guttata, C. leopoldii and C. tigrina was employed Feulgen method in 8-hydroxyquinoline pre-treated roots. However, cytogenetic studies obtained were not proper enough to say that the three studied species are similar or different from...
Mestre
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Pôrto, Diego Resende de Queirós [UNESP]. "Densidades populacionais e épocas de plantio na cultura da couve-flor, híbrido Verona 284." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105221.
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Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de densidades populacionais e épocas de plantio na cultura da couve-flor, híbrido Verona 284, foram realizados dois experimentos no campo. O primeiro na primavera-verão (novembro a janeiro) e o segundo no outonoinverno (maio a julho). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados completos, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com três repetições. Foram avaliados os fatores espaçamento entre linhas (0,6; 0,8; 1,0 e 1,2 m) e espaçamentos entre plantas (0,4; 0,5; 0,6 e 0,7 m). A segunda época proporcionou os maiores teores de N, K e B na folha diagnóstica, com relação à primeira época de plantio. Nos menores espaçamentos foram verificados os menores números de folhas, diâmetro do caule e da inflorescência e massa da inflorescência, no entanto, houve incremento na produtividade. A maior quantidade de inflorescências classificadas na classe Extra foi obtida na primaveraverão, enquanto no outono-inverno houve maior quantidade de inflorescências classificadas na classe Especial. Constatou-se que a ordem decrescente de acúmulo de nutrientes pela planta ao final do ciclo foi à mesma verificada para exportação pela inflorescência, N, K, P, e B, com os nutrientes acumulando-se preferencialmente nas folhas, seguidas da inflorescência e do caule. O plantio da couve-flor ‘Verona 284’, na primeira época de plantio, proporcionou a maior receita bruta, utilizando-se os espaçamentos 0,8 x 0,4 m, enquanto na segunda época maior receita bruta foi obtida com os espaçamentos 0,6 x 0,6 m.
With the aim of evaluating the effect of population densities and planting seasons on cauliflower crop, hybrid Verona 284, two experiments were carried out in the field. The first one was conducted in the spring-summer (from November to January) and the second one in the fall-winter (from May to July). The experiments were arranged in completely randomized blocks, in a 4 x 4 factorial design, with three replications. The evaluated factors were the spacing between rows (0.6; 0.8; 1.0 and 1.2 m) and the spacing between plants (0.4; 0.5; 0.6 and 0.7 m). The second planting season yielded the highest N, K and B content in the diagnostic leaf compared with the first planting season. Smaller spacing showed smaller numbers of leaves, smaller diameter of the stem and inflorescence, and less inflorescence mass. However, an increment in yield was observed. The largest quantity of inflorescences classified as Extra was obtained in the spring-summer, whereas in the fall-winter a larger quantity of inflorescences was classified as Special. The nutrients in decreasing order of accumulation by the plant at the end of its cycle was the same as that observed for their export by the inflorescence - N, K, P, and B - and they accumulated especially in the leaves, followed by the inflorescence and stem. Cauliflower ‘Verona 284’ planted in the first planting season yielded the highest gross income using the 0.8 x 0.4 m spacing, whereas in the second planting season the highest gross income was obtained when the 0.6 x 0.6 m spacing was used.
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Pôrto, Diego Resende de Queirós. "Densidades populacionais e épocas de plantio na cultura da couve-flor, híbrido Verona 284 /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105221.
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Resumo: Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de densidades populacionais e épocas de plantio na cultura da couve-flor, híbrido Verona 284, foram realizados dois experimentos no campo. O primeiro na primavera-verão (novembro a janeiro) e o segundo no outonoinverno (maio a julho). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados completos, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com três repetições. Foram avaliados os fatores espaçamento entre linhas (0,6; 0,8; 1,0 e 1,2 m) e espaçamentos entre plantas (0,4; 0,5; 0,6 e 0,7 m). A segunda época proporcionou os maiores teores de N, K e B na folha diagnóstica, com relação à primeira época de plantio. Nos menores espaçamentos foram verificados os menores números de folhas, diâmetro do caule e da inflorescência e massa da inflorescência, no entanto, houve incremento na produtividade. A maior quantidade de inflorescências classificadas na classe Extra foi obtida na primaveraverão, enquanto no outono-inverno houve maior quantidade de inflorescências classificadas na classe Especial. Constatou-se que a ordem decrescente de acúmulo de nutrientes pela planta ao final do ciclo foi à mesma verificada para exportação pela inflorescência, N, K, P, e B, com os nutrientes acumulando-se preferencialmente nas folhas, seguidas da inflorescência e do caule. O plantio da couve-flor 'Verona 284', na primeira época de plantio, proporcionou a maior receita bruta, utilizando-se os espaçamentos 0,8 x 0,4 m, enquanto na segunda época maior receita bruta foi obtida com os espaçamentos 0,6 x 0,6 m.Abstract: With the aim of evaluating the effect of population densities and planting seasons on cauliflower crop, hybrid Verona 284, two experiments were carried out in the field. The first one was conducted in the spring-summer (from November to January) and the second one in the fall-winter (from May to July). The experiments were arranged in completely randomized blocks, in a 4 x 4 factorial design, with three replications. The evaluated factors were the spacing between rows (0.6; 0.8; 1.0 and 1.2 m) and the spacing between plants (0.4; 0.5; 0.6 and 0.7 m). The second planting season yielded the highest N, K and B content in the diagnostic leaf compared with the first planting season. Smaller spacing showed smaller numbers of leaves, smaller diameter of the stem and inflorescence, and less inflorescence mass. However, an increment in yield was observed. The largest quantity of inflorescences classified as Extra was obtained in the spring-summer, whereas in the fall-winter a larger quantity of inflorescences was classified as Special. The nutrients in decreasing order of accumulation by the plant at the end of its cycle was the same as that observed for their export by the inflorescence - N, K, P, and B - and they accumulated especially in the leaves, followed by the inflorescence and stem. Cauliflower 'Verona 284' planted in the first planting season yielded the highest gross income using the 0.8 x 0.4 m spacing, whereas in the second planting season the highest gross income was obtained when the 0.6 x 0.6 m spacing was used.
Orientador: Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho
Coorientador: José Carlos Barbosa
Banca: Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso
Banca: Juliano Tadeu Vilela de Resende
Banca: Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta
Banca: Durvalina Maria Mathias dos Santos
Doutor
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Oliveira, Reginaldo Miranda de. "Produção da cultura da couve-flor com diferentes lâminas de irrigação e doses de nitrogênio." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/7323.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A couve-flor (Brassica oleracea L. var botrytis L.) é uma olerícola de importância econômica para pequenos produtores brasileiros. Além das condições climáticas, os manejos da adubação e da água influenciam na qualidade e na produtividade da couve-flor. O nitrogênio é responsável pelo desenvolvimento rápido e vigoroso da inflorescência. O monitoramento das condições hídricas é necessário de modo a garantir o bom desenvolvimento, a fitossanidade, a qualidade e a produtividade das culturas. Neste trabalho teve-se como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de lâminas de irrigação e de doses de nitrogênio na produção da cultura da couve-flor híbrida Barcelona CMS. O experimento foi conduzido numa área experimental do campus da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), em Viçosa, MG. Amostras de solo foram coletadas na área experimental para determinação de suas características físicas e químicas. A adubação de plantio foi feita conforme recomendações para a cultura no estado de Minas Gerais. O transplantio das mudas foi feito em 14 de agosto de 2014, aos 38 dias após semeadura (DAS), com espaçamento de 70 cm x 50 cm, totalizando 24 plantas por parcela. Foi instalado um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento com linhas laterais dispostas paralelamente às fileiras de plantas, com um gotejador por planta, com vazão média de 2,24 L h-1. A uniformidade de aplicação de água do sistema de irrigação foi avaliada, obtendo-se valores de CUC e CUD iguais a 94,51 e 91,57%, respectivamente. Os valores diários de evapotranspiração de referência (ET0) foram calculadas com uso de uma estação meteorológica automática e do programa 6 computacional REF-ET, com aplicação da equação de Penman-Monteith FAO 56. Os coeficientes de cultura (Kc) utilizados foram iguais a 0,45; 0,80; 1,05 e 0,90 para os estádios de desenvolvimento I, II, III e IV respectivamente. A irrigação foi conduzida com turno de rega diário. A adubação nitrogenada foi feita com ureia, sendo aplicados 20% de cada dose estudada aos 17 dias após o transplantio (DAT), 40% aos 31 e 40% aos 45 DAT. Foi adotado o esquema de parcelas subdivididas, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), tendo nas parcelas as lâminas (0; 75; 100; 125 e 150 % da ETc) e nas subparcelas as doses de nitrogênio (0; 75; 150; 300 e 450 kg ha-1). Foram avaliados na inflorescência: massa fresca (MFI), produtividade total (PT), massa seca (MSI), percentagem de matéria seca (PMSI), diâmetro (DI), altura (AI), porcentagem de matéria seca alocada (PMSAI) e porcentagem de nitrogênio (PNI); no caule: massa fresca (MFC), massa seca (MSC), percentagem de matéria seca (PMSC), porcentagem de matéria seca alocada (PMSAC) e porcentagem de nitrogênio (PNC); e nas folhas, foram avaliados número (NF), massa média de folhas frescas (MMFF), massa fresca (MFF) e massa seca (MSF), percentagem de matéria seca (PMSF), porcentagem de matéria seca alocada (PMSAF) e o porcentagem de nitrogênio (PNF). Para analisar os efeitos do manejo da irrigação e da adubação sobre as características avaliadas, foram determinados modelos de regressão baseados na significância dos coeficientes de regressão, utilizando o teste t a 5% de probabilidade e no coeficiente de determinação. Verificou-se que o híbrido Barcelona apresentou maior efeito da lâmina de irrigação do que da adubação nitrogenada para a maioria das características estudadas. Também foi verificado efeito quadrático de lâmina e linear de doses nas características MMFF, MFF, PMSF, DI, AI, MFI, PT, PMSI e MFC. Não foi verificado efeito dos fatores em estudo nas características NF, PMSC e MSC. Nas variáveis MMFF, MFF, DI, AI, MFI, PT e MFC, ao se fixar a dose de adubação, as lâminas críticas que determinam valores máximos foram 137,9; 139,2; 128,7; 108,2; 132,4; 132,4; 121,3% da ETc, respectivamente. Já para PMSF e PMSI os valores mínimos foram obtidos nas lâminas críticas de 123,7 e 110,7% da ETc, respectivamente. As lâminas e doses crescentes aumentaram linearmente as produções de MSF e MSI, sendo os valores máximos estimados correspondentes a 158,00 e 75,30 g/planta, respectivamente. A maior produtividade total da couve-flor Barcelona obtida foi 24.547,80 kg ha-1, com diâmetro médio de 19,60 cm, altura média de 14,00 cm e massa fresca da inflorescência de 858,90 g/planta, na lâmina de irrigação equivalente de 132,4% da ETc e na dose de 450 kg ha-1 de N.
Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var botrytis L.) is one of the vegetable crops of economic importance cultivated in Brazil, especially for smallholders. Beyond climate conditions, the fertilizer and water management influence the quality and productivity of cauliflower. The nitrogen is responsible for a good quick and vigorous vegetative growth. The water conditions monitoring is necessary to ensure the good development, plant health, quality and yield. In this study we aimed to verify the effect of water depth and nitrogen application on the Barcelona CMS cauliflower production. The experiment was conducted at the experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), in Viçosa-MG. Soil samples were collected in the experimental area to determine the physical and chemical soil characteristics. The planting fertilization was performed as recommended for the crop in the state of Minas Gerais. The seedlings transplanting was held in August 14, 2014, 38 days after sowing (DAS), with spacing of 70 cm x 50 cm, totaling 24 plants. The irrigation drip system was installed, it was consisting of a prepared lateral lines to the planting line with one dripper per plant and with an average flow rate of 2.24 L h-1. The water uniformity in the irrigation system was evaluated, obtaining CUC and CUD values equal to 94.51 and 91.57%, respectively. The daily values of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) were estimated using a weather station and the REF-ET computer program, based on the Penman-Monteith FAO 56. The crop coefficients (Kc) used were equal to 0.45; 0.80; 1.05 and 0.90 for the I, II, III and IV development stages respectively. Irrigation was performed with daily irrigation 8 schedule. Nitrogen fertilization was made with urea and 20% of each dose studied was applied at 17 days after transplanting (DAT), 40% at 31 and 40% at 45 DAT. The installment scheme subdivided parcel in a completely randomized design (CRD) was adopted; in the plot the depths (0, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of ETc) and the subplots nitrogen rates (0, 75, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha-1). In the inflorescence, we were assessed fresh weight (MFI), total productivity (PT), dry weight (MSI), dry matter percentage (PMSI), diameter (DI) and height (AI); allocated dry matter percentage (PMSAI) and nitrogen percentage (PNI), in the stem: fresh weight (MFC), dry weight (MSC), dry matter percentage (PMSC); nitrogen percentage (PNC) and in the leaves, we were evaluated number (NF), average weight of fresh leaves (MMFF), fresh weight (MFF), dry weight (MSF), dry matter percentage (PMSF) and nitrogen percentage (PNF). To analyze the irrigation and fertilization management effects on these characteristics we determined regression models based in the regression coefficients significance, using the t test at 5% probability and the determination coefficient. This study verified that the Barcelona hybrid had the highest effect of irrigation depths than the nitrogen fertilization for the most traits. It was also verified quadratic effect of depths and linear doses on MMFF, MFF, PMSF, DI, AI, MFI, PT, PMSI, PNI, MFC and PNC. There was no effect of factors under study on the characteristics NF, PNF, PMSC and MSC. In the variables MMFF, MFF, DI, AI, MFI, PT, MFC to be fixed the fertilization level application, the critical depths that determine maximum values were 137.9; 139.2; 128.7; 108,2; 132.4; 132.4; 121.3% of ETc, respectively. Already for PMSF, PMSI, PNI and PNC, the minimum values are obtained in the critical depths 123.7; 110.7; 100.0 and 108.3% of ETc, respectively. The MSF and MSI productions increased linearly with depths and doses increasing and the estimated maximum values corresponding to 158.00 and 75.30 g/plant, respectively. The biggest total productivity obtained was 24,547.80 kg ha-1, with average mean diameter of 19.60 cm, mean height of 14.00 cm, and mean fresh weight 858.90 g/plant, in equivalent irrigation depth of 132.4% of ETc and at a dose of 450 kg ha-1 of N.
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Patureau, Dominique. "Etudes cinétique et physiologique d'une bactérie dénitrifiant en conditions aérobies. Suivi en réacteur aéré, parfaitement mélangé, en culture pure et en culture mixte associée à une flore nitrifiante." Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0034.
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Ce travail repose sur l'etude d'une souche, nommee sgly2, isolee d'un reacteur anoxique, qui presente un comportement particulier vis-a-vis de l'oxygene. Elle est, en effet, capable de reduire simultanement nitrate (ou nitrite ou protoxyde d'azote) et oxygene, et ce, jusqu'a des concentrations en oxygene dissous non limitantes. Le principal produit de la reduction du nitrate est alors l'azote moleculaire. Les cultures en mode continu n'ont fait que confirmer ces premieres observations. Les effets compares d'inhibiteurs de la chaine respiratoire et de la synthese proteique, de detergent, sur la souche sgly2 soumise a differentes conditions d'aeration, ont permis de mettre en evidence une partie des mecanismes grace auxquels cette souche est capable de fonctionner en presence d'oxygene: (i) expression d'une nitrate reductase quelles que soient les conditions de culture, (ii) existence d'un double systeme enzymatique. Ces proprietes particulieres de co-respiration de la souche sgly2 ont ensuite ete utilisees dans la realisation d'une co-culture associant, dans un meme reacteur aerobie, une flore nitrifiante complexe et le denitrifiant aerobie. Le maintien de la souche sgly2 s'est fait par ajout de facon intermittente de la source de carbone. Dans ces conditions, une activite simultanee de la flore nitrifiante et du denitrifiant a ete observee, avec reduction aerobie des n-oxydes produits par les autotrophes en protoxyde d'azote et azote
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ANSELMO, Wevertton Marllon. "Efeito de extratos vegetais de flor de seda e juazeiro no manejo de pragas na cultura do tomateiro." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6173.
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The tomato (Lycopersicon esculent) is a vegetable subject to the occurrence of many disease problems. The need to develop less toxic insecticides has been placed as an alternative found in insecticide plants. Alternative methods of control, such as the use of plant extracts with insecticidal activity have shown promising results. Among the spontaneous species of the caatinga biome silk flower (Calatropis procera) and endemic species of the caatinga biome such as juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro) have been studied through their extracts as insecticides. Thi way, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of plant extracts of the spontaneous species and endemic of the Caatinga biome in the management of pests and diseases in tomato. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of UAST in two stages, the first being in greenhouse and second in field. In the first stage trays in greenhouse were used and it was verified the action of aqueous extracts of plant on the primary pests which are the transmitters of viruses in tomato Caline Ipa 7. In the second stage, in field it was verified the effect of the use of these aqueous extracts of plants on the main pests and virus using tomato seedlings from the first step. The extracts were produced by grinding leaves of silk flower (C. Procera) and juazeiro (Z. Joazeiro) in a proportion of 10% strained and then filtered through cheesecloth fabric plus 1% detergent. Sprays were made every two days and assessments made every seven days. The design in the first step was completely randomized with three treatments and two replications; in the second, the design was randomized in block with three treatments and six replications. Among the major pests associated with the cultivation of tomato in this study occurred more frequently in the White Fly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae); Minadora to fly Liriomyza sp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and Thrips Frankliniella schultzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Extracts of Silk Flower and Juazeiro reduced the infestation of fly B. White Thrips tabaci and F. schultzei compared to the control and the infestation of leaf miner Liriomyza sp. was lower in plants treated with silk flower extract against those not treated with plant extracts. The populational fluctuation of the Fly B. White Thrips tabaci and F. schultzei showed that these pests are present throughout the crop cycle, already Minadora fly Liriomyza sp. only appeared in the first two weeks. There was no difference between treatments in the proportion of plants with virus and production. The percentage of plants with virus symptoms was 49.8% in control and 35.36% and 47.38% for plants treated with extracts of Silk Flower and Juazeiro respectively. Tomato production was 61.03 kg in the control and 65.3 and 74.14 kg in plants treated with extracts of Silk Flower and Juazeiro, respectively, there was no difference in tomato production between treatments. So, Silk Flower and Juazeiro extracts reduced the infestation of fly B. White tabaci, Mosca Minadora Liriomyza sp. Thrips and F. schultzei compared to the control during the production of seedlings, Fly Minadora Liriomyza sp. is considered a pest and requires initial monitoring at the beginning of cultivation. Despite the decrease extracts and Silk Flower Juazeiro had not an effective control against the population of Thrips F. schultzei field.
O tomate Lycopersicon esculentum é um vegetal sujeito à ocorrência diversos problemas fitossanitários. A necessidade do desenvolvimento de inseticidas menos tóxicos tem-se colocado como alternativa encontrada em plantas inseticidas. Métodos alternativos de controle, como o uso de extratos vegetais com atividade inseticida têm revelado resultados promissores. Dentre as espécies espontâneas do bioma caatinga a flor de seda Calatropis procera e espécies endêmicas do bioma caatinga como o juazeiro Ziziphus joazeiro vem sendo estudadas através de seus extratos como inseticidas. Nesse sentido este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de extratos vegetais das espécies espontânea e endêmica do bioma caatinga no manejo de pragas e doenças na cultura do tomateiro. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da UAST em duas etapas, sendo a primeira em telado e a segunda em campo. Na primeira etapa foi utilizado bandejas em telado, foi verificado a ação de extratos aquosos de vegetais sobre as pragas primárias transmissoras de viroses em tomate Caline Ipa 7. Na segunda etapa, em campo verificou o efeito da utilização desses mesmos extratos aquoso de vegetais sobre as principais pragas e virose do tomateiro usando as mudas provenientes da primeira etapa. Os extratos foram produzidos triturando folhas de flor de seda C. procera e juazeiro Z. joazeiro numa proporção de 10% depois coados e filtrados em tecido voil acrescido de 1% de detergente neutro. As pulverizações foram feitas a cada dois dias e a avaliações feitas a cada sete dias. O delineamento na primeira etapa foi inteiramente ao acaso com três tratamentos e duas repetições, na segunda o delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso sendo três tratamentos e seis repetições. Dentre as principais pragas associadas ao cultivo do tomateiro, no presente trabalho, ocorreram em maior frequência a Mosca Branca Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae); a Mosca Minadora Liriomyza sp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) e o Tripes Frankliniella schultzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Os extratos de Flor de Seda e Juazeiro reduziu a infestação da Mosca Branca B. tabaci e do Tripes F. schultzei em relação à testemunha e a infestação da Mosca Minadora Liriomyza sp. foi menor em plantas tratadas com extrato de flor de seda em relação aquelas não tratadas com extratos vegetais. A flutuação populacional da Mosca Branca B. tabaci e Tripes F. schultzei mostra que essas pragas estão presente durante todo o ciclo da cultura, já a Mosca Minadora Liriomyza sp. só apareceu nas duas primeiras semanas. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos em relação à proporção de plantas com virose e a produção. A porcentagem de plantas com sintomas de virose foi de 49,8% no controle e 35,36% e 47,38% para plantas tratadas com extrato de Flor de Seda e Juazeiro, respectivamente. A produção de tomate foi de 61,03kg no controle e de 65,3 e 74,14 kg em plantas tratadas com extratos de Flor de Seda e Juazeiro, respectivamente, não houve diferença na produção de tomate entre os tratamentos. Assim, os extratos de Flor de Seda e Juazeiro reduziram à infestação da Mosca Branca B. tabaci, Mosca Minadora Liriomyza sp. e do Tripes F. schultzei em relação à testemunha durante a produção das mudas, A Mosca Minadora Liriomyza sp. é considerada uma praga inicial e requer monitoramento no inicio do cultivo. Apesar da diminuição os extratos de Flor de Seda e Juazeiro não apresentou um controle eficaz contra a população de Tripes F. schultzei em campo.
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Castañeda, Sifuentes Roxana Yanina. "Comparación de tres índices de significancia cultural de la flora silvestre del caserío de Pisha (Pamparomás, Áncash)." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8795.
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Los índices de Significancia Cultural (SC) dan a conocer las plantas más importantes para una determinada comunidad y son un criterio más al momento de decidir qué especies manejar o conservar con fines de beneficiar al ecosistema y la población. Se comparan tres índices basados en consenso de informantes: Importancia Relativa (IR), Valor Cultural (VC) e Importancia Cultural (IC). Cada uno tiene como objetivo evaluar la SC de las especies vegetales tradicionalmente utilizadas en el caserío de Pisha. Los índices de IR y VC dependen de la frecuencia de citación (FC) y número de usos (NU) y le confieren mayor peso a la versatilidad de usos; mientras que el índice de IC depende de los reportes de uso (RU) y se apoya más en la FC que en el NU, lo que lo hace más objetivo. La metodología aplicada en la investigación se basó en la ejecución de entrevistas informales y semiestructuradas. Se han entrevistado a 15 informantes, reportándose un total de 107 especies útiles, dentro de 92 géneros y 41 familias. Asimismo, las especies fueron agrupadas en 10 categorías de uso, siendo la categoría “alimento para animales” la que presentó mayor número de especies y la que tuvo mayor frecuencia de citaciones, seguida de las categorías “medicinal” y “combustible”. Las especies vegetales con mayor SC fueron: Alnus acuminata (Betulaceae), Polylepis racemosa (Rosaceae) y Iochroma umbellatum (Solanaceae). Estas plantas están más ligadas al acervo cultural de los pobladores de Pisha.Tesis
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Monteiro, Gean Charles 1991. "Influencia da aplicação de agroquímicos de alteração fisiológica no desenvolvimento, produção e pós-colheita da cultura de couve-flor /." Botucatu, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150185.
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Orientador: Giuseppina Pace Pereira LimaCoorientador: Rumy Goto
Coorientador: Igor Otavio Minatel
Banca: Marco Antonio Tecchio
Banca: Pablo Forlan Vargas
Resumo: A Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L. conhecida popularmente como couve-flor, é uma cultura olerícola de grande importância alimentar, por ser excelente fonte de nutrientes e de renda para a agricultura familiar. A aplicação de fungicidas sistêmicos e de bioestimulantes, com efeitos fisiológicos, podem induzir maior produtividade e elevar qualidade final do produto. Diante do exposto, objetivou com este trabalho avaliar características de produção e de pós-colheita na cultura da couve-flor (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.), em duas cultivares (Flamenco e Verona), após aplicação de agroquímicos (fungicidas e bioestimulante). O estudo foi dividido em duas fases de avaliação: no desenvolvimento da cultura e no armazenamento pós-colheita. O experimento foi realizado em uma propriedade rural, no munícipio de Pardinho - SP e o no Laboratório de Bioquímica Vegetal do Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, do Instituto de Biociências, da UNESP, Botucatu - SP. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por diferentes agroquímicos: sem aplicação (T1); Boscalida (T2); Fluxapiroxade + Piraclostrobina (T3); Metiram + Piraclostrobina (T4); Cinetina + Ácido giberélico + Ácido 4-indol-3-ilbutírico (T5) e Metiram + Piraclostrobina + Boscalida (T6). Foram realizadas duas aplicações dos produtos, sendo a primeira aos 18 dias (fase de muda) e a segunda aplicação, no início do florescimento (fase reprodutiva). Na primeira fase do experimento, aos 90 dias após a semeadura, avaliaram-se variáveis re... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L. popularly known as cauliflower, is a crop of great importance for diets, an excellent source of nutrients, and income for family farming. The application of systemic fungicides and biostimulants, with physiological effects, can induce increased productivity and the final quality of the product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production and post-harvest characteristics of two cultivars (Flamenco and Verona) in the culture of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. Botrytis L.) after application of agrochemicals (fungicides and biostimulant). The study was divided into two stages of evaluation: culture development and post-harvest storage. The experiment was carried out in a rural property, in the Pardinho county - SP, and in the Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry at Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Botucatu - SP. The treatments were consisted of different agrochemicals: no application (T1); Boscalid (T2); Fluxapiroxade + Piraclostrobin (T3); Metiram + Piraclostrobin (T4); Kinetin + Giberelic Acid + 4-Indol-3- ylbutyric Acid (T5) and Metiram + Pyraclostrobin + Boscalid (T6). Two applications of the products were carried out, the first one at 18th day (seedling phase) and the second application, at the beginning of plant flowering (reproductive phase). In the first phase of the experiment, 90 days after seeding, variables related to gas exchange were evaluated: CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, CO2 internal concentration, transpiration rate, carboxylation efficiency and water use efficiency, besides the pigments chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. At harvest, on 106th day after seeding, the productivity, transverse and longitudinal diameter of the inflorescences, height, number of leaves per plant, and fresh leaf mass were evaluated. In the second phase of the experiment (post-harvest), ...
Mestre
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Mendon?a, Juska Milena dos Santos. "Avalia??o da toxicidade de flora??es naturais e de cultura de cianobact?rias: efeitos sobre Ceriodaphnia silvestri (Crustacea, Cladocera)." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12502.
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Previous issue date: 2006-07-30The incidence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms is one of the important consequences of eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. It is a very common phenomenon in reservoirs and shrimp ponds in the State of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil. Cyanobacterias produce toxins which can affect aquatic organisms and men trough the food chain. Aiming to contribute to the studies of cyanobacterias in RN, we propose: a) to evaluate the toxicity of isolated cyanobacterias in important fresh-water environments; and b) to verify the effects of both natural and cultured blooms occurred in reservoirs for human supply and in the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. This study was carried out using samples of natural blooms occurred between March and October of 2004 in Gargalheiras Dam (08? L e 39? W), in July of 2004 in Armando Ribeiro Gon?alves Dam (06o S e 37o W) and in commercial shrimp ponds (Litopenaeus vannamei) located in fresh-water environments. The samples were collected with plankton net (20?m.) for identification, isolation and obtaining of phytoplanktonic biomass for liophilization and later toxicity bioassays. The toxicity of cultured samples and natural blooms was investigated through bioassays in Swiss mice. Quantification of cyanobacteria in samples was conducted following the ?termol method, with 300mL samples fixed with lugol. The toxicity test with Ceriodaphnia silvestrii followed ABNT, 2001 recommendations, and were accomplished with natural hepatotoxic bloom s samples and cultured samples of both non-toxic and neurotoxic C. raciborskii. In this test, five newborns, aged between 6 and 24 hours, were exposed to different concentrations (0 a 800 mg.L-1) of crude cyanobacterial extracts during 24 and 48 hours. Three replicates were used per treatment. The pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen at the beginning and after 24 and 48hours from the test were measured. We estimated the CL50 through the Trimmed Spearman-Karber method. The blooms were constituted by Microcystis panniformis, M. aeruginosa, Anabaena circinalis, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Planktothrix agardhii, producers of mycrocistin-LR confirmed with HPLC analysis. Samples of hepatotoxic blooms registered toxinogenic potential for C. silvestrii, with CL50-24h value of 47.48 mg.L-1 and CL5048h of 38.15 mg.L-1 for GARG samples in march/2005; CL50-24h of 113,13 mg.L-1 and CL5048h of 88,24 mg.L-1 for ARG July/2004; CL50-24h of 300.39 mg.L-1 and CL50-48h of 149.89 mg.L-1 for GARG October/2005. For cultured samples, values of CL50-24h and CL50-48h for C. raciborskii toxic strains were 228.05 and 120.28 mg.L-1, respectively. There was no mortality of C. silvestrii during the tests with non-toxic C. raciborskii strain. The toxicity test with C. silvestrii presented good sensitivity degree to cyanotoxins. The toxicity of natural hepatotoxic blooms samples (microcystins) and cultured neurotoxic saxitoxins producer samples analyzed in this study give us strong indications of that toxin s influence on the zooplanktonic community structure in tropical aquatic environments. Eleven cyanobacteria strains were isolated, representing 6 species: Anabaenopsis sp., Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Chroococcus sp., Microcystis panniformis, Geitlerinema unigranulatum e Planktothrix agardhii. None presented toxicity in Swiss mice. The strains were catalogued and deposited in the Laborat?rio de Ecologia e Toxicologia de Organismos Aqu?ticos (LETMA), in UFRN, and will be utilized in ecotoxicol?gical and ecophysiological studies, aiming to clarify the causes and control of cyanobacterial blooms in aquatic environments in RN. This state s reservoirs must receive broader attention from the authorities, considering the constant blooms occurring in waters used for human consumption
Incid?ncia de flora??es t?xicas de cianobact?rias ? uma das conseq??ncias da eutrofiza??o nos ecossistemas aqu?ticos, sendo comum a sua ocorr?ncia em reservat?rios e viveiros de cultivo de camar?o no Estado Rio Grande do Norte. Cianobact?rias podem produzir toxinas que podem afetar organismos aqu?ticos e o homem atrav?s da cadeia alimentar. Visando contribuir com o desenvolvimento de estudos ecotoxicol?gicos de cianobact?rias no RN, nos propomos avaliar a toxicidade de cianobact?rias isoladas de ambientes de ?guas doces e verificar o efeito de cultura e flora??es naturais ocorridas em reservat?rios para abastecimento humano, no crust?ceo clad?cero Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. O estudo foi conduzido com amostras de flora??es naturais ocorridas em mar?o e outubro de 2004 na Barragem Gargalheiras (08? L e 39? W), em julho de 2004 na Barragem Armando Ribeiro Gon?alves (06o S e 37o W) e em fazendas comerciais de cultivo de camar?o (Litopenaeus vannamei), localizadas em ambientes de ?gua doce do RN (6o 58 S e 38o 36 W). As amostras de flora??es foram coletadas com rede de pl?ncton (20?m) para identifica??o, isolamento e obten??o de biomassa fitoplanct?nica para liofiliza??o e posterior determina??o da toxicidade por bioensaios. A toxicidade das amostras de culturas e flora??es naturais foi investigada atrav?s de bioensaios em camundongos Swiss. A quantifica??o das cianobact?rias foi realizada pelo m?todo de ?termol, utlizando-se amostras (300mL) fixadas com lugol. O teste de toxicidade com Ceriodaphnia silvestrii seguiu as recomenda??es da ABNT (2001) e foram realizadas com amostras de flora??es naturais hepatot?xicas e culturas de C. raciborskii neurot?xica e n?o t?xica. No teste, cinco neonatos com idade entre 6 e 24 horas foram expostos a diferentes concentra??es (0 a 800 mg.L-1) de extrato bruto de cianobact?rias durante 24 e 48 horas. Tr?s replicatas por tratamentos foram usadas. Foram medidos o pH, a temperatura e o oxig?nio dissolvido no in?cio, com 24 e com 48 horas do teste. Atrav?s do m?todo Trimmed Spearman-Karber foi estimado a CL50. As flora??es eram mistas e compostas por Microcystis panniformis, M. aeruginosa, Anabaena circinalis, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii e Planktothrix agardhii, produtoras de microcistina- LR, confirmada atrav?s de an?lise por HPLC. Amostras de flora??es hepatot?xicas registraram potencial toxinog?nico para o C. silvestrii, com valores de CL50-24h de 47.48 mg.L-1 e CL50-48h de 38.15 mg.L-1 para a amostra de GARG mar/05; CL50-24h de 113,13 mg.L-1 e CL50-48h de 88,24 mg.L-1 para ARG jul/04; CL50-24h de 300.39 mg.L-1 e CL50-48h de 149.89 mg.L-1 para GARG 10/05. Para as amostras de cultura valores de CL50-24h e CL50-48h para a cepa t?xica de C. raciborskii foram de 228.05 e 120.28 mg.L-1, respectivamente. N?o houve mortalidade dos C. silvestrii nos testes com a cepa de C. raciborskii n?o-t?xica. O teste de toxicidade com C. silvestrii apresentou um bom grau de sensibilidade ?s cianotoxinas. A toxicidade das amostras de flora??es naturais hepatot?xicas (microcistinas) e culturas neurot?xicas produtoras de saxitoxinas verificadas neste estudo fornece forte indicativos da influ?ncia dessas toxinas sobre a estrutura da comunidade zooplanct?nica em ambientes aqu?ticos tropicais. Foram isoladas 11 cepas de cianobact?rias de reservat?rios e viveiros do Estado, representadas por 6 esp?cies: Anabaenopsis sp., Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Chroococcus sp., Microcystis panniformis, Geitlerinema unigranulatum e Planktothrix agardhii. Nenhuma cepa apresentou toxicidade em camundongos Swiss. As cepas foram catalogadas e depositadas no Laborat?rio de Ecologia e Toxicologia de Organismos Aqu?ticos (LETMA) da UFRN e ser?o utilizadas em estudos ecotoxicol?gicos e ecofisiol?gicos visando esclarecer as causas e controle de flora??es de cianobact?rias nos ambientes aqu?ticos do Estado. Os reservat?rios do Rio Grande do Norte devem merecer maior aten??o perante os ?rg?os respons?veis, tendo em vista os constantes florescimentos t?xicos de cianobact?rias em ?guas utilizadas para consumo humano
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Reindel, Markus, and Johny Isla. "New Paracas Architecture Pattern In Lucanas, Southern Highlands Peru." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113512.
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During our archaeological surveys in the upper reaches of the Palpa valleys, at the western slope of the Andes, we identified and registered a large number of settlements of the Paracas culture, most of them dating to the Middle Paracas(550-350 BC) and Late Paracas (350-200 BC) period. Of special interest are several large sites with stone buildings with circular ground plans, similar to the shape of a flower. The center of these architectural complexes consists of acircular or crescent shaped sunken patio, around which are arranged D-shaped enclosures with small terraces in front of the straight wall.Through our large scale excavations in Cutamalla, one of the largest and best preserved settlements in the area, we were able to document in detail this new type of architecture and to define its formal and constructive features, as well as its cultural affiliation and the activities carried out within the structures.All the data recovered so far indicate that these circular structures have to be considered as a new architectural type of the Late Paracas period. The distribution of this new architectural pattern is limited to a part of the highlands of Lucanas, Ayacucho, and, as far as we know, seems to be unique in the southern highlands of Peru.Trabajos de prospección arqueológica realizados en la parte alta de los valles de Palpa, en la vertiente occidental de los Andes, nos han permitido identificar y registrar un importante número de asentamientos pertenecientes a la culturaParacas, de manera especial, aquellos pertenecientes a las épocas Paracas Medio (550 a 350 a.C.) y Paracas Tardío (350 a 200 a.C.), entre los que destacan varios sitios bastante grandes que presentan construcciones de piedra que conforman estructuras arquitectónicas en forma de flor. Se trata de construcciones en donde se pueden distinguir patios hundidos de forma de media luna o de forma circular, alrededor de los cuales se disponen recintos en forma de «D» que presentan pequeñas terrazas delante del muro recto.Recientes excavaciones en área realizadas en Cutamalla, uno de los asentamientos más grandes y mejor conservados de la zona, nos han permitido documentar con detalle este tipo de estructuras arquitectónicas, y conocer sus rasgos formales y constructivos, su filiación cultural, así como las actividades que se realizaban en ellas.Todos los datos indican que las estructuras arquitectónicas en forma de flor constituyen un nuevo patrón arquitectónico Paracas Tardío, cuya distribución se limita a una parte de la sierra de Lucanas, Ayacucho, y que, hasta el momento, viene a ser único en toda la sierra sur del Perú.
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Antes, Rose Beatriz. "Oclusão vascular na pós-colheita de rosas e gérberas de corte." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10683.
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A qualidade pós-colheita de flores de corte é muito importante, pois a curta vida em vaso é uma das maiores razões da insatisfação dos consumidores. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram visualizar e comprovar através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) os bloqueios dos vasos do xilema causados pelo crescimento de bactérias e sua relação com a condutância hidráulica. Além de estudar a eficiência de conservantes florais e da adição de sacarose sobre a vida em vaso e qualidade pós-colheita de rosas (Rosa hybrida L.) cv. Vegas e de gérberas (Gerbera jamensonii) cv. Patrizia. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições e unidade experimental com cinco ou seis hastes. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: adição de duas bactérias (IB1 e IB2); Flower® a 0,75%, 1% e 1,5%, 50 ppm de Tecsaclor®, 1% Floralife®; 50 ppm de Tecsaclor® + 2% sacarose. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC/mL), condutância hidráulica, pH, peso fresco relativo, absorção de solução e vida em vaso. A adição de bactérias às soluções de manutenção é mais eficiente em reduzir a vida em vaso de gérberas do que de rosas. Ocorre movimentação das bactérias no interior dos vasos do xilema, as quais são capazes de colonizar hastes de rosas em quatro dias e de gérberas em apenas um dia. A vida em vaso de rosas foi prolongada com o uso de 1% de Flower®, e esta dose também controlou o crescimento de bactérias, eliminando o bloqueio dos vasos do xilema o que manteve a condutância hidráulica superior. A adição de 2% de sacarose diminuiu a longevidade das hastes e promoveu a proliferação de bactérias no interior dos vasos xilemáticos. Conclui-se que procedimentos corretos e o uso de soluções preservativas resultará em maior vida em vaso e melhor aparência das hastes.Currently the importance of postharvest quality of cut flowers is increasing. Short vase life is the major reason for consumer insatisfaction. The objective of this work was to visualize and to prove through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) vascular blockage due to bacterial development and its relation with water conductivity. Beyond that, evaluate the efficacy of floral preservatives and sucrose addition to vase solution on the longevity of ‘Vegas’ Rosa hybrida L. and ‘Patrizia’ Gerbera jamensonii flowers. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, with 4 replicates each of 5 or 6 flowers each. The treatments were: addition of two species of bacterias (IB1 and IB2), floral preservative Flower® at 0,75%, 1,5% or 1% , 50 ppm Tecsaclor®, 1% Floralife; 50 ppm Tecsaclor® + 2% sucrose. The variables: number of colony-forming units (CFU) per mL of solution, water conductivity, pH, relative fresh weight, solution uptake and vase life were evaluated along several days at room temperature. The use of 1% Flower® extended the vase life of cut roses and controlled bacterial population, supressing vascular occlusion and maintaining higher water conductivity. The addition of 2% sucrose reduced flower longevity and promoted the bacterial growth inside the stems treated with sucrose, which resulted in xylem occlusion. The addition of bacteria to the gerbera vase solutions is more conducive to the reduction of vase life when compared to roses. Bacterial movement in xylem vessels was determined and resulted in rose stems colonization up to 25 cm in four days while in gerbera stems in only one day was necessary to reach the stem height. The use of correct procedures and addition of floral preservatives will result in longer vase life and better flower appereance.
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Osores, Arrascue Hulda Ruth. "Valor económico y cultural de especies de la flora utilizadas en la comunidad aguaruna de Yamayakat, Bagua, Amazonas, Perú." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10307.
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Realiza el presente estudio, para rescatar el conocimiento ancestral de la flora silvestre e introducida, de uso cotidiano, evaluando su Valor Económico y Cultural. El método aplicado en la investigación se basó en la ejecución de entrevistas semiestructuradas, empleándose en índice de Valor Cultural (VC) de Reyes García et. al. (2006). El Valor Económico se halló con diferentes métodos prácticos. Se encuestaron a 57 informantes, reportándose 104 especies útiles agrupadas en 88 géneros y 44 familias botánicas. Las Familias Apocynaceae, Araceae, Poaceae, Malvaceae, reportaron el mayor número de especies (7%), seguidas de Fabaceae (6%), Arecaceae, Maranthaceae y Solanaceae (5%). Las especies fueron agrupadas en 9 categorías de uso, siendo la categoría Alimenticia, la que presentó el mayor número de especies y la que tuvo mayor frecuencia de citaciones, seguida de las categorías Materiales, Medicinal y Social. Las especies vegetales con mayor Valor Cultural fueron: Thebroma cacao "Bakau" o "cacao", Spondias dulcis "Kaperigua" o "taperibá", Bactris gasipaes "Takum uyei" o "pijuayo", Zea mays "Shaa" o "maiz", Solanum sessiliflorum "Kukush" o "cocona", Genipa americana "Suwa" o "huito". Estas plantas son muy importantes en la satisfacción de las necesidades primarias de los pobladores. Las especies con mayor Valor Económico, fueron aquellas más requeridas y más difíciles de conseguir, como Minquartia guianensis “Wakapau” o "huacapú”, Iryanthera juruensis “Tsimpu” o “cumala”, Arthocarpus altilis “Pitu” o “pan de árbol”, Croton lechleri "Ujushnum" o "sangre de grado", Himatanthus sucuuba "Shipitna" o "bellaco caspi", Ficus insipida "Wampu" u "ojé".Tesis
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Ndongo, Sokhna. "Culture et description des bactéries anaérobies strictes du microbiote digestif." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0627.
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Le microbiote intestinal est largement dominé par les bactéries anaérobies strictes et de nombreux efforts ont été consacrés à l'isolement de ses microorganismes. Cependant, ces efforts restent insuffisants par rapport à leur implication croissante dans les infections et pathologies humaines. L’isolement des bactéries anaérobies strictes reste un processus difficile, fastidieux et à faible débit dû probablement à des obstacles tels que le manque d’informations sur leur biologie et leur écologie. En utilisant le concept de Microbial culturomics dans cette thèse, nous avons mis en place des stratégies et techniques de culture pour optimiser l’isolement des bactéries intolérantes à l’oxygène mais aussi des espèces d’intérêt médical majeur. Dans un premier temps, 200 échantillons de selles fraiches provenant du laboratoire de routine de l’hôpital de la Timone (France, Marseille) ont été analysés. Nous avons isolé 60 nouvelles espèces bactériennes dont 54 étaient des bactéries anaérobies strictes et 1 appartenant au phylum des Synergistes (phylum très rare). Ensuite nous avons pu isoler à partir de selles fraiches provenant de 9 donneurs volontaires sains, 12 nouvelles souches d’une espèce nommée Faecalibacterium massiliensis et une autre nouvelle espèce nommée Faecalibacterium timonensis. Plusieurs souches d’Akkermansia muciniphila ont été isolées au cours de ce travail. De plus, nous avons également réussi à isoler deux nouvelles espèces de Christensenella (C. massiliensis et C. timonensis). Grâce à l’approche Taxonogénomique, plusieurs espèces ont été décrites et la diversité des espèces du genre Faecalibacterium a été mise en évidence pour la première foisIntestinal microbiota was largely dominated by strict anaerobic bacteria, and many efforts have been devoted to isolate of these microorganisms. However, these efforts remain insufficient to report their increasing involvement in human infections and diseases. The isolation of strict anaerobic bacteria remains difficult, fastidious and at low throughput, probably due to obstacles such as a lack of information on their biology and ecology. Using Microbial Culturomics concept in this thesis, we have implemented strategies and culture techniques to optimize the isolation of oxygen-intolerant bacteria as well as species of major medical interest. In the first time, 200 fresh stool samples from the routine laboratory from Timone Hospital (France, Marseille) were analysed. We isolated 60 new bacterial species of which, 54 were strict anaerobic bacteria and one belonged to the Synergists phylum (very rare phylum). Thus, we were able to isolate 12 new strains of a species called Faecalibacterium massiliensis and another new species called Faecalibacterium timonensis from fresh stools of healthy volunteer donors. Several strains of Akkermansia muciniphila have been isolated during this work. In addition, we were also able to isolate two new species of Christensenella (C.massiliensis and C. timonensis). Through the Taxonogenomic approach, several species have been described and the diversity of species of the genus Faecalibacterium has been highlighted for the first time
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Daudt, Rafael Henrique Schuur. "Censo da produção de flores e plantas ornamentais no Rio Grande do Sul : Brasil na virada do milênio." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3411.
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A Floricultura é um setor do agronegócio gaúcho que tem propiciado o crescimento econômico e social do Estado. Com o objetivo de trazer subsídios para o desenvolvimento da produção de Flores e Plantas Ornamentais (FPO) no Rio Grande do Sul e para a organização de sua Cadeia Produtiva, foi realizado em 2000 o levantamento da produção, com abrangência a nível de Estado. Foram registradas 560 Unidades Produtivas (UP), distribuídas em 133 municípios gaúchos. Com os resultados obtidos, foi desenvolvido o Cadastro Eletrônico dos Produtores de Flores e Plantas Ornamentais do RS – 2000, um banco de dados em compact disc (CD), contendo a lista de plantas e produtos sob produção, com respectivos nomes e endereços das UPs de FPO do Estado. Comparando os dados de 2000 com os do censo realizado em 1996, a área de cultivo aumentou de 304 para 609 ha, com módulo médio de produção de 1,09 ha. Acompanhando a expansão de área de cultivo, o volume de produção de todas as categorias de produtos foi superior em 2000. Os resultados demonstram uma forte demanda em assistência técnica especializada e a necessidade de melhorar a capacitação profissional da mão-de-obra de apoio.
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ARNAUD, Edinaldo da Rocha. "Viabilidade agroeconômica da aplicação da flor-de-seda (calotropis procera) em diferentes quantidades e períodos de incorporação na cultura da beterraba." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2014. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/834.
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EDNALDO DA ROCHA ARNAUD - - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2014..pdf: 1990272 bytes, checksum: b17fb5961aee7de0c8875e63fdd95bba (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-29T11:46:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EDNALDO DA ROCHA ARNAUD - - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2014..pdf: 1990272 bytes, checksum: b17fb5961aee7de0c8875e63fdd95bba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
O uso de espécies espontâneas da caatinga representa uma opção de fertilização orgânica para os agricultores familiares que labutam na produção de hortaliças, sendo a florde-seda, espécie de grande ocorrência na região de estudo, além de ser encontrado em diversas localidades da região nordeste do país em condições edáficas diferentes. Um experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, localizada no distrito de Alagoinha, zona rural de Mossoró-RN, no período de outubro de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011, com o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade agroeconômica da aplicação da flor-de-seda (Calotropis procera) na cultura da beterraba em cultivo solteiro. O delineamento experimental usado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, com três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de quatro quantidades de flor-de-seda (0; 0,7; 1,4; 2,1 e 2,8 kg m-2 de canteiro em base seca), com quatro períodos de incorporação (0; 14; 28 e 42 dias antes do plantio). A cultivar de beterraba plantada foi a Early Wonder. As características avaliadas foram: altura de plantas, rendimentos de massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, produtividade comercial de raízes e produtividade de massa seca de raízes. Também foram utilizados alguns indicadores econômicos, tais como: renda bruta e custo de produção, renda líquida, taxa de retorno e índice de lucratividade, as quais foram utilizadas para verificar a viabilidade econômica. Não se observou interação entre os fatores estudados. O melhor desempenho produtivo da beterraba foi observado na quantidade 2,3 kg m-2 de canteiro de flor-de-seda incorporada ao solo, com valor médio de 2,44 kg m-2 de canteiro de beterraba, com rentabilidade de liquida de 4.040,00 R$, taxa de retorno da ordem de 2,65 R$ e índice de lucratividade de 62,3%. Em relação aos períodos de incorporação, 0 dia foi o que promoveu a maior produtividade comercial de beterraba com valor médio de 2,2 kg m-2 de canteiro de beterraba, com rentabilidade liquida de 3.500,00 R$, taxa de retorno da ordem de 2,43 R$ e índice de lucratividade de 58,9%. O cultivo da beterraba adubado com flor-de-seda constitui em uma alternativa viável para o produtor.
- The use of spontaneous species of the caatinga represents an option of organic fertilizer for farmers who labor in the production of vegetables, been the silk flower, species of large occurrence in the study area, and it is found in various locations the northeast region of the country in different soil conditions. An experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm Rafael Fernandes, located in Alagoinha district, a rural area of Mossoró-RN, from October 2010 to February 2011, in order to evaluate the agricultural economic viability of the application of the silk flower (Calotropis procera) in beet cultivation in monocrop. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with treatments arranged in a factorial 5 x 4 with three replications. The treatments were a combination of four amounts of silk flower (0, 0.7, 1.4, 2.1 and 2.8 kg m-2 site on a dry basis), with four periods of incorporation (0 , 14, 28 and 42 days before planting). The planted cultivar of beet was the Early Wonder. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, fresh weight yields and shoot dry, commercial root yield and dry matter yield of roots. They were also used some economic indicators such as gross income and cost of production, net income, rate of return and profitability index, which were used to verify the economic viability. There was no interaction between treatments. The best beet production performance was observed in the amount 2.3 kg m-2 site of silk flower incorporated into the soil, with an average value of 2.44 kg m-2 beet site, with net profitability 4040.00 £, rate of return of around £ 2.65 and 62.3% profitability index. For periods of incorporation, 0 days was what promoted the highest commercial yields of beet with a mean value of 2.2 kg m-2 beet site, with net profit of R $ 3,500.00, rate of return order 2.43 R $ and 58.9% profitability index. The cultivation of beet fertilized with silk-flower constitutes a viable alternative to the producer.
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Martinez, Uribe Raúl Andres [UNESP]. "Saldo de radiação obtido através de medida e estimativa por três modelos e a sua relação com o desenvolvimento da cultura de cravo-de-defunto (Tagetes sp.)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93772.
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martinezuribe_ra_me_botfca.pdf: 429337 bytes, checksum: 4a0635e77fc73c2f68795db9b2becfd3 (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Este trabalho foi desenvolvido na área experimental do Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Setor Ciências Ambientais da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, SP. Avaliou-se ao longo do ciclo da cultura do cravo-de-defunto (Tagetes patula L), o saldo de radiação e a sua relação com o desenvolvimento da cultura através de indicadores de crescimento. Os dados foram obtidos no período de 21/05 a 09/08/2002, em duas áreas idênticas, de 280m2, orientadas no sentido NNW-SSE, sendo a primeira em um ambiente protegido e a segunda a campo. O ambiente protegido era do tipo arco com 7,0m de largura; 40,0m de comprimento; 4,0m de altura máxima e 2,2m de pé direito. Utilizou-se cobertura de polietileno transparente difusor de luz de baixa densidade, com 150mm de espessura, laterais de malha preta de polietileno (sombrite) com redução de 50% da radiação solar. Os resultados mostram que a temperatura do ar e umidade relativa médias apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os dois ambientes, sendo a temperatura do ar superior em condição de ambiente protegido em 3,2°C. A umidade relativa na condição de ambiente protegido foi 4,9% menor da observada em condição de campo. A pressão de saturação de vapor e a pressão parcial de vapor não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os dois ambientes, com valores médios de 2,7KPa e 2,2KPa para a pressão de saturação de vapor e 1,8KPa e 1,6KPa para a pressão parcial de vapor, nas condições de ambiente protegido e a campo, respectivamente. A velocidade do vento, na condição de campo, foi superior em 24,7% da observada na condição de ambiente protegido. A transmissividade do polietileno a irradiação solar global foi de 67,12%. A radiação solar refletida apresentou menores valores na condição de ambiente protegido em relação ao campo, com médias de 0,99MJ m-2 e 1,80MJ m-2, respectivamente...
This work was carried out in Department of Natural Resources - Section of Environmental Sciences, FCA/UNESP, Botucatu Campus, São Paulo State, Brazil. Where the radiation balance, were evaluated for (Tagetes patula L), in protected environment and in field cultivation. The acquired data were obtain in period from 21/05/03 to 09/08/03. The experimental area was constituted of two areas of 280 m2, being one in the field condition and the other in greenhouse arch type, with covering of polyethylene of low density (PEBD), light diffuser, with 150 mm of thickness, and polypropylene screen with 50% of the solar radiation reduction in the lateral. The results showed that the mean temperature and relative humidity of the air present significant differences between both internal and external environments; The temperature of the air, in protected environment, was superior in 3,2°C. The relative humidity in the condition of protected environment was 4,9% smaller of the observed in field condition. The vapor saturation pressure and the vapor partial pressure didn't present significant differences among the two environments, with medium values of 2,7KPa and 2,2KPa for the vapor saturation pressure and 1,8KPa and 1,6KPa for the vapor partial pressure, in protected environment and in field cultivation, respectively. The Wind speed, in the field cultivation, was superior in 24,7% of the observed in the protected environment. The transmissivity of polyethylene to the global solar radiations was of 67,12%. The reflected solar radiations presented smaller values in the protected environment in relation to the field, with averages of 0,99MJ m-2 and 1,80MJ m-2, respectively. The values of the reflection coefficient were smaller inside protected environment with averages of 10,5% and 12,8% to field conditions...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Scheiber, Ivo Florin [Verfasser], Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Dringen, and Sørge [Akademischer Betreuer] Kelm. "Copper metabolism and copper-mediated alterations in the metabolism of cultured astrocytes / Ivo Florin Scheiber. Gutachter: Ralf Dringen ; Sørge Kelm. Betreuer: Ralf Dringen." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1071994042/34.
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Igarashi, Seiji. "Supressão de Colletotrichum acutatum, agente causal da ?Flor-Preta?, na cultura do morangueiro, através da nutrição com Cálcio (Ca) e Silício (Si)." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, 2008. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000128875.
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A flor-preta é a principal doença do morangueiro atualmente. Não existe até o momento cv. resistente, bem como fungicida eficiente. Assim, induziu-se o manejo da flor-preta através de equilíbrio nutricional. O Cálcio foi escolhido por ser um integrante da parede das células que auxilia no aumento da rigidez e, principalmente, na produção de substâncias inibidoras dos patógenos. O Silício foi selecionado por promover formação de barreiras mecânicas e/ou alterações das respostas químicas da planta ao ataque do parasita, sintetizando toxinas que poderão agir como substâncias inibidoras/repelentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi tentar reduzir a incidência da flor-preta, promovendo maior sustentabilidade da cultura através dos benefícios promovidos pelo Cálcio e Silício. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido na universidade. Os tratamentos constituíram-se na adubação apenas de Cálcio e combinações de Cálcio e Silício. O patógeno foi artificialmente inoculado. Avaliou-se a incidência de flor-preta, produtividade, teor de Brix, comprimento e peso seco da parte aérea e raiz, e estabeleceram-se normas de DRIS para diagnose do estado nutricional. Os nutrientes Cálcio e Sílicio auxiliam na supressão de C. acutatum do morangueiro, melhoram o teor de Brix e a qualidade visual do fruto. Concluiu-se também que o Sistema Integrado de Diagnose e Recomendação (DRIS) na cultura de morango é fundamental para melhorar o equilíbrio nutricional e produzir frutos de melhor qualidade comercial.The ?black flower? is one of the main disease in strawberry crops now a days. So far there are not avaliable resistent cultivars as well efficient fungicides. So the management of the disease was induced using the nutritional equilibrium. The Calcium was selected as one of the walls of cells that helps the increase in stiffness and, in particular, the production of inhibitory substances of pathogens. The Silicon was selected by promoting formation of mechanical barriers and / or changes of the chemical responses of the plant to attack the parasite, summarising toxins that can act as inhibitors substances / repellents. The objective of the present paper was trying to reduce the incidence of black-flower through the promotion of highsustentability with the benefits of calcium and silicon. The trial was set in protected environment at university. The treatments were the adition of Calcium in the soil and combinations of Calcium and Silicon. The pathogen was artificilaly innoculated. The evaluations consisted of black-flower incidence, yield, Brix teor, length and weight of aerial part and root system and DRIS normatization for the diagnosis of the nutritional status. The nutrients Calcium and Silicon helped in supression of C. acutatum in strawberry crops, increased brix teor and the visual quality of the fruits. It was also concluded that DRIS (Diagnosis Recomendation Integrared System) for strawberry was usefull to increse the nutritional equilibrium and to produce fruits with better comercial atributes.
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Colas, Floriane. "Co-développement d'un modèle d'aide à la décision pour la gestion intégrée de la flore adventice. Méta-modélisation et analyse de sensibilité d'un modèle mécaniste complexe (FLORSYS) des effets des systèmes de culture sur les services et disservices écosystémiques de la flore adventice." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK014/document.
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Les adventices sont la principale menace pour les cultures, pour les gérer le moyen le plus utilisé est l’application d’herbicides. Leur emploi doit être réduit en raison de problèmes de santé et d'environnement. Pour les remplacer, il faut mettre en place des combinaisons de pratiques culturales. Cette complexification de la gestion des adventices, la nécessité de la raisonner sur le long terme et la multiplicité des impacts du système de culture font que les outils de modélisation sont d'une grande aide pour concevoir des systèmes de culture innovants. L'objectif de la thèse est de développer un outil d'aide à la décision (OAD) pour des conseillers agricoles afin d'assister la reconception de systèmes de culture moins consommateurs en herbicides. Notre approche consiste à déterminer la structure de ce nouvel OAD en interaction avec les futurs utilisateurs et son contenu biophysique à partir du fonctionnement de l'agroécosystème d'un modèle de recherche. Ce modèle est FLORSYS, un modèle mécaniste de « parcelle virtuelle » qui simule la dynamique de la flore adventice et du couvert cultivé en fonction des systèmes de culture et du pédoclimat et qui en déduit des indicateurs d'impact de la flore adventice sur la production agricole et les services écosystémiques. La thèse comprend trois étapes : (1) accélération de FLORSYS en méta-modélisant, par polynômes du chaos, son module le plus lent, le module d'interception du rayonnement lumineux individu-centrée du couvert culture:adventices avec transfert et interception de la lumière simulée au niveau du voxel (pixel 3D); (2) identification des pratiques culturales ayant le plus d'effet sur les indicateurs d'impact de la flore adventice, par fouille de données sur un très grand nombre de systèmes de culture réels simulés avec FLORSYS. Pour élargir la gamme des combinaisons d'entrées explorées, des systèmes de culture aléatoires ont été ajoutés à l'analyse. Des forêts aléatoires ont permis d'établir des grilles des techniques culturales les plus influentes en fonction des objectifs visés ; les arbres de régression identifient les combinaisons de pratiques culturales permettant d'atteindre ces mêmes objectifs; (3) en parallèle, le co-développement de la structure de l'OAD avec les futurs utilisateurs s’est fait via enquêtes et ateliers de co-conception de systèmes de culture, en termes de questions traitées, choix et formats des entrées et sorties etc. Dans l'étape (1), la comparaison entre la version voxelisée et la version méta-modélisée au niveau de la plante entière a mis en lumière le compromis précision/rapidité du modèle. Le métamodèle est plus rapide pour tester des stratégies d'agriculture de précision nécessitant de connaître précisément la position et le volume des plantes. Dans les autres cas, diminuer la précision en utilisant la version voxelisée avec un grand voxel est plus rapide. L'étape (2) montre que pour réduire l'impact des adventices sur la production, le travail du sol, principalement en été, et l’utilisation d’herbicides sont les pratiques les plus influentes. L'étape (3) a identifié deux cas d'utilisation pour le futur OAD : la reconception de systèmes de culture nécessite un OAD synthétique basé sur des méta-règles de décision; le réajustement de système de culture nécessite un OAD plus détaillé en termes de description du système de culture et des effets de la flore. L'OAD synthétique est composé de grilles de conseil, d'arbres de décision et d’un simulateur rapide basé sur des forêts aléatoires; sa facilité et sa capacité à prédire à la fois des éléments connus mais aussi surprenants pour les conseillers, en font un intéressant support lors d'ateliers de conception de systèmes de culture pour proposer les grandes lignes de reconception des systèmes de culture multiperformants. L’OAD détaillé sera une version de FLORSYS pré-paramétrée pour différentes régions pour ajuster finement des systèmes de culture candidats à chaque type de situation d'agriculteurThe main threat to agricultural crops are weeds with herbicides being the primary cropping management practice. Due to the negative impact of herbicides on health and environment, their use must be reduced. To replace herbicides, numerous cropping practices need to be implemented. This makes weed management more complicated and, together with necessity of scheduling operations at long-term and the multiplicity of cropping system impacts, explains why models are so useful for designing innovative cropping systems. The aim of this thesis was to develop a Decision Support System (DSS) intended for crop advisors to help design cropping systems that are less dependent on herbicides. Our approach consisted in identifying the structure of the DSS in interaction with future users while using an existing research model for the biophysical content of the tool. The research model, FLORSYS, is a mechanistic model of a “virtual field” simulating the weed flora dynamics from both cropping systems and pedoclimatic conditions. As output, it provides weed impact indicators, both for crop production and ecosystem services. This work was achieved via three steps: (1) increasing the speed of FLORSYS simulations by metamodelling, via polynomial chaos extension, the slowest submodel, i.e. the radiation interception. This submodel is based on a 3D representation of each plant of the crop:weed canopy where the transfer and interception of the radiation is computed at a voxel (3D pixel) scale. (2) The identification of the most influential cropping practices on weed impacts indicators via datamining on a wide range of simulated cropping systems with FLORSYS. To widen the range of cropping systems, random cropping systems were added to the study. Random forest allowed the construction of charts of the most important cropping practices contingent on different objectives; classification and regression trees gave the optimal combinations of practices leading to those objectives. (3) Simultaneously, the co-development of the structure of the DSS with future users was done via surveys and workshops to design cropping systems. These interactions aimed at defining which questions should be answered with the DSS, which inputs and outputs, and with which format, should be used. In step (1), the simulation time of the voxelised FLORSYS and the FLORSYS metamodelled at the scale of the plant highlighted the precision/speed trade-off of the model. The metamodel is faster for agricultural practices requiring precise knowledge of the position and volume of plants. In other cases, decreasing the precision by using the voxelized FLORSYS with an increased voxel size is much faster. Step (2) shows no general conflict between crop protection and ecosystem service indicators. The conservation of both crop protection and ecosystem services is thus possible, except for bee food offer. To reduce weed impacts on production, tillage, especially in summer, and herbicide use are the main cropping techniques. In step (3) two use cases were identified: (1st) the redesign of a cropping system requires a synthetic tool, based on meta-decision rules (e.g. rotating winter and spring crops, ploughing once every three years); (2nd) adjusting cropping practices requires a detailed tool, with detailed inputs on the cropping system. The synthetic DSS is composed of charts of the most important cropping system practices, of decision trees, and an emulator of FLORSYS based on random forests. Its capacity to predict known facts makes it an essential discussion medium for cropping system design workshops, particularly to suggest the outlines of multi-performant cropping systems. The detailed DSS consists of a pre-parameterized version of FLORSYS for different regions, to allow the fine tuning of cropping systems to constraints and objectives of farmers
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Morell, i. Tipper Marc Andreu. "La Flor y Muerte de un Barrio. An Ethnography on Comprehensive Gentrification and Class Struggle in Urban Majorca." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/397712.
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With his seminal proposal of a rent-gap theory, Neil Smith developed a consistent materialist explanation for gentrification that efficiently contended with individual consumer preference tenets by focusing on the cycles of capital’s disinvestment and reinvestment in the built environment thanks to the necessary mediation of forms of collective social action. However, since the rent-gap theory had been devised to argue against «consumer preference», with the emphasis on the back-to-the-city movement by capital and not people, all understandings of people vanished, including those that hold them to be the bearers of particular class relations and interests.
Despite later attempts to mellow such a structuralist approach by teasing out the working-class experience of resistance and displacement, it is hard to find in the original and subsequent work on rent gaps any explicit reference to the actual class relations that take place in the production of space of which gentrification is only one out of many expressions. These class relations are encouraged by the geographical expansion of capital and by the bureaucratic mediations of the State but in the last instance all of these are dependent on the labour of the working class. Such an understanding bears the possibility for thinking and implementing the limits to gentrification. Not only does gentrification have to face the contradictions of capital in its geographical expansion, and the conflictive State mediations encountered at every moment of the rent gap, but it may also encounter the opposition of a working class objectively made within the gentrification process.
After theorizing on the role ethnography can play in social anthropology and by extension in all social sciences, and by drawing lessons from the extensive oeuvre of Henri Lefebvre and to some ulterior developments on the production of space, I offer an ethnographic account for Es Barri, an area subject to comprehensive gentrification in the Historic Centre of Ciutat de Mallorca (also known as Palma, Spain). Although only partially successful, I argue the gentrification encountered in the field is comprehensive in so far it has been sought from several different instances and by various means, among which the involvement of so-called civil society organizations specialized in implementing on the ground the ideas of scale (the neighbourhood) and preservation (heritage) the class relation the rent-gap hypothesis holds. Furthermore, with the aim of complementing Neil Smith’s contribution regarding the collective mediator the State is, and acknowledging that gentrification is only yet another a spatial expression of a much more comprehensive social relation, I argue each of the rent-gap moments of disinvestment and reinvestment are laboured by different groups (the so-called underclass and the middle classes) that, despite the fact they carry out a struggle that subjectively brings them together, they are apparently unaware of forming a single working class that produces surplus for others thanks to what I come to call their «urban labour». Likewise, I contend that for rent gaps to be successful and find a profitable closure there is a need to maintain as wide open as possible the class gap on which urban labour is founded upon.
Against the description of the spatialisation of classes that are already formed, there is a need to explain politically how spatialisation intervenes in the urban struggle that makes them.Amb la teoria del diferencial de renda, Neil Smith desenvolupà una sòlida explicació materialista que serví per a entendre els processos de «gentrificació». Per a fer front als postulats de la preferència del consumidor individual, hi fità la ullada en els cicles de desinversió i reinversió del capital en l’entorn construït que estaven subjectes a la necessària mediació de formes d’acció social col·lectiva. En aquesta tesi doctoral hi contribuesc a la hipòtesi del diferencial de renda tot afirmant que cadascun dels cicles es basteixen a partir del «treball urbà» de diferents grups socials («classes marginals« i «classes mitjanes») que fan part d’una mateixa classe obrera del que uns tercers n’extreuen plusvàlues. A fi de confirmar aquest extrem, analitz el paper de l’etnografia en l’antropologia social i per extensió en el conjunt de les ciències socials, extrec lliçons de l’obra de Henri Lefebvre i de desenvolupaments ulteriors entorn de la producció de l’espai, i oferesc un relat etnogràfic de com es construí Es Barri, una àrea sotmesa a una gentrificació integral en el Centre Històric de la Ciutat de Mallorca (a les Illes Balears, Espanya). La hipòtesi del «treball urbà» permet pensar en els límits a la gentrificació com a una expressió més de la producció de l’espai, i ho fa des de posicionaments que fan prevaldre el treball per sobre del capital i de l’Estat gràcies al fet de considerar la formació objectiva d’una mateixa classe obrera a partir de la cooperació de grups ben diferenciats en una mateixa cadena de producció de valor. Ara bé, és precisament per mor d’aquesta diversitat que a nivell subjectiu no trobam una consciència col·lectiva explícita. Sostenc que per a que el diferencial de renda no es pugui tancar profitosament, cal acostar tant com sigui possible el diferencial de classe sobre el que es fonamenta el treball urbà. Contra la descripció de l’espacialització de les classes que ja estan formades, cal explicar políticament com l’espacialització hi intervé en la lluita urbana que les fa.
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ROSENDO, Alexandre da Conceição. "Recriação e atualização da cosmogonia amazônica no corpo cênico do G.R.E.S. Beija-Flor de Nilópolis." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/7829.
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O presente trabalho se propõe a entender e refletir de que maneira ocorre a preparação corporal do corpo cênico dos desfiles do G.R.E.S. Beija-Flor de Nilópolis, a partir dos enredos que compuseram a “tríade amazônica”, os quais sejam: i “Pará – O Mundo Místico dos Caruanas nas Águas do Patu-Anu” (1998); ii “Manôa – Manaus – Amazônia - Terra santa... Que alimenta o corpo, equilibra a alma e transmite a paz” (2004) e; iii “Macapaba: Equinócio Solar, Viagens ao Meio do Mundo” (2008). Partindo do pressuposto que exista nesses desfiles uma mitologia recriada, atualizada e estilizada, analiso o processo de criação empreendido, também pelas artes cênicas, de forma a instaurar uma espetacularização da cultura popular. Para tanto, retrato o processo de valorização e conversão da cultura amazônica nos desfiles de um G.R.E.S., precisamente na Beija-Flor. Tendo a Amazônia como mote, analiso a definição de mito e cosmogonia, refletindo acerca da cultura amazônica, que tem suas lendas, mitos e imaginário trasladados de sua realidade e natureza correntes e convertidos pelo processo de preparação corporal no trabalho dos atuantes, componentes dos desfiles. Desse processo resulta o fenômeno encantatório dos desfiles de G.R.E.S. na cultura do Carnaval carioca. Esse trabalho discute ainda a teatralização do Carnaval como fundamentação para as encenações nos desfiles e o processo de concepção do espetáculo carnavalesco.
This paper purposes the comprehension and reflection on which manner occurs the corporal training of the scenic chorus of parades of the G.R.E.S. Beija-Flor de Nilópolis, through the carnival plots which compose its “amazonic triad”, such as: i “Pará – O Mundo Místico dos Caruanas nas Águas do Patu-Anu” (1998); ii “Manôa – Manaus – Amazônia - Terra santa... Que alimenta o corpo, equilibra a alma e transmite a paz” (2004) as well as; iii “Macapaba: Equinócio Solar, Viagens ao Meio do Mundo” (2008). Considering the existence of a recreated, modernized and stylized mythology in those parades, I analyze the creation process engaged, also through the scenic arts, in order to institute “spetacularization” in popular culture. Therefore, I feature the valorization and conversion process of amazonic culture in the parades of a G.R.E.S., precisely in Beija-Flor de Nilópolis. Assuming the Amazon as core, I analyze the definitions of myth and cosmogony, reflecting on amazonic culture, which has its legends, myths and imaginary transferred from its current reality and nature, and also converted through the process of corporal training into the work of the performers, who compose the parades. From this process, results the charming phenomenon of Carnival in Rio de Janeiro. Finally, this paper also tackles on the issue of theatricalization of Carnival as a basis to the establishment of the staging in the parades, as well as a process of conception of a “carnival show”.
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Castillo, Vera Irma Hellen. "Importancia cultural de la flora silvestre utilizada por los pobladores del caserío de Cabrero en la microcuenca Quebrada Honda (Cajabamba, Cajamarca, Perú)." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10051.
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La investigación se realizó en el caserío de Cabrero, ubicado en el distrito y provincia de Cajabamba, departamento de Cajamarca. La finalidad del trabajo fue registrar el conocimiento tradicional y la significancia cultural de la flora silvestre utilizada por los pobladores del caserío en el ámbito de la Microcuenca Quebrada Honda. Asimismo, se incluyó información sobre el origen de los nombres vernáculos y se registraron las especies del área de estudio que se comercializan en el mercado de la ciudad de Cajabamba. La metodología empleada se basó en la realización del inventario etnobotánico, entrevistas informales y semiestrucuturadas. Se aplicó el índice de Importancia Cultural de Tardío y Pardo-de-Santayana (2008) que determinó la significancia cultural de las especies vegetales e importancia relativa de cada especie en una comunidad. Se encuestaron a 41 informantes, registrándose un total de 179 especies útiles distribuidas en 129 géneros y 60 familias, en 267 nombres vernáculos pertenecientes a vocablos de origen introducido (47%), nativo (35%) e indeterminado (18%). Las familias con mayor número de especies fueron Asteraceae (23%), Poaceae (6%), Fabaceae (6%) y Lamiaceae (6%). Las especies se agruparon en nueve categorías de uso, siendo la categoría Medicinal la que registró el mayor número de especies (131) y reportes de uso (2200 RU). Las especies con mayor importancia cultural fueron: Rubus floribundus “zarza o mora”, Myrcianthes discolor “úñico”, Hesperomeles obtusifolia “huamasimba” y Alnus acuminata “aliso”, lo cual indica que estas especies son las más valoradas por los pobladores en el área de estudio. Por otra parte, se encontró que 51 especies (28%) de las plantas registradas son comercializadas en el mercado local del distrito de Cajabamba. Asimismo, el 22% del total de la flora registrada es endémica y está ubicada en alguna categoría de conservación. Se concluye que los pobladores del caserío de Cabrero conservan aún el conocimiento tradicional del uso de la flora silvestre en el ámbito de la microcuenca Quebrada Honda.Tesis
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Martinez, Uribe Raúl Andres 1977. "Saldo de radiação obtido através de medida e estimativa por três modelos e a sua relação com o desenvolvimento da cultura de cravo-de-defunto (Tagetes sp.) /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93772.
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Orientador: Dalva Martinelli Cury LunardiBanca: Antonio Evaldo Klar
Banca: Ana Maria Arruda Ribeiro
Resumo: Este trabalho foi desenvolvido na área experimental do Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Setor Ciências Ambientais da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, SP. Avaliou-se ao longo do ciclo da cultura do cravo-de-defunto (Tagetes patula L), o saldo de radiação e a sua relação com o desenvolvimento da cultura através de indicadores de crescimento. Os dados foram obtidos no período de 21/05 a 09/08/2002, em duas áreas idênticas, de 280m2, orientadas no sentido NNW-SSE, sendo a primeira em um ambiente protegido e a segunda a campo. O ambiente protegido era do tipo arco com 7,0m de largura; 40,0m de comprimento; 4,0m de altura máxima e 2,2m de pé direito. Utilizou-se cobertura de polietileno transparente difusor de luz de baixa densidade, com 150mm de espessura, laterais de malha preta de polietileno (sombrite) com redução de 50% da radiação solar. Os resultados mostram que a temperatura do ar e umidade relativa médias apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os dois ambientes, sendo a temperatura do ar superior em condição de ambiente protegido em 3,2°C. A umidade relativa na condição de ambiente protegido foi 4,9% menor da observada em condição de campo. A pressão de saturação de vapor e a pressão parcial de vapor não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os dois ambientes, com valores médios de 2,7KPa e 2,2KPa para a pressão de saturação de vapor e 1,8KPa e 1,6KPa para a pressão parcial de vapor, nas condições de ambiente protegido e a campo, respectivamente. A velocidade do vento, na condição de campo, foi superior em 24,7% da observada na condição de ambiente protegido. A transmissividade do polietileno a irradiação solar global foi de 67,12%. A radiação solar refletida apresentou menores valores na condição de ambiente protegido em relação ao campo, com médias de 0,99MJ m-2 e 1,80MJ m-2, respectivamente...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work was carried out in Department of Natural Resources - Section of Environmental Sciences, FCA/UNESP, Botucatu Campus, São Paulo State, Brazil. Where the radiation balance, were evaluated for (Tagetes patula L), in protected environment and in field cultivation. The acquired data were obtain in period from 21/05/03 to 09/08/03. The experimental area was constituted of two areas of 280 m2, being one in the field condition and the other in greenhouse arch type, with covering of polyethylene of low density (PEBD), light diffuser, with 150 mm of thickness, and polypropylene screen with 50% of the solar radiation reduction in the lateral. The results showed that the mean temperature and relative humidity of the air present significant differences between both internal and external environments; The temperature of the air, in protected environment, was superior in 3,2°C. The relative humidity in the condition of protected environment was 4,9% smaller of the observed in field condition. The vapor saturation pressure and the vapor partial pressure didn't present significant differences among the two environments, with medium values of 2,7KPa and 2,2KPa for the vapor saturation pressure and 1,8KPa and 1,6KPa for the vapor partial pressure, in protected environment and in field cultivation, respectively. The Wind speed, in the field cultivation, was superior in 24,7% of the observed in the protected environment. The transmissivity of polyethylene to the global solar radiations was of 67,12%. The reflected solar radiations presented smaller values in the protected environment in relation to the field, with averages of 0,99MJ m-2 and 1,80MJ m-2, respectively. The values of the reflection coefficient were smaller inside protected environment with averages of 10,5% and 12,8% to field conditions...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Debaeke, Philippe. "Effets des systemes de culture sur la flore adventice dicotyledone annuelle : interet de la modelisation pour l'etude de l'evolution a long terme du stock de graines de l'horizon travaille." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INAPA004.
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Le champ d'essai de grignon (yvelines) ou coexistent des systemes de culture varies au sein d'un milieu homogene a fourni un support d'experimentation pour cinq adventices annuelles: construction d'un diagramme organisant le cycle biologique de l'adventice sous l'effet des interactions culture-techniques-sol-climat; ecriture d'un bilan annuel de type entrees-sorties, sur la base du stock de semences du sol et son integration au sein d'un modele mathematique recurrent informatise; parametrage du modele a partir de resultats experimentaux etablis au champ, au cours de 2 annees culturales; test global sur 17 annees a partir de sondages effectues en 1984 sur 26 parcelles du champ d'essai
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Franchi-Querci, Marie-Ange. "Savoirs naturalistes médicinaux relatifs à la flore de la Corse et patrimoine : des savoirs et usages traditionnels aux pratiques actuelles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10169.
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Cette étude traite des savoirs et pratiques naturalistes relatifs à la flore aromatique et médicinale de la Corse et de leur mise en patrimoine. La pharmacopée traditionnelle et les croyances qui y sont associées sont étudiées dans un but de conservation et de valorisation puis mises en regard avec les pratiques actuelles d’utilisation de la flore (production d’huiles essentielles et de produits dérivés) afin d’étudier le processus de patrimonialisation des savoirs. Ce travail vise à contribuer à la conservation et à la valorisation d’un patrimoine associant le biologique et le culturel ainsi qu’à une meilleure compréhension de la relation de la société corse au végétal au cours du temps. Il s’inscrit également de manière plus générale, dans une perspective d’étude de l’espace insulaire comme lieu de compréhension de la conservation de la diversité culturelle et biologiqueThis study deals with naturalist knowledge and practical experience about aromatic and medicinal flora from Corsica and their entering the heritage. Traditional pharmacopeia and the beliefs which are connected to it, are studied with the intention of conservation and promotion. Then they are compared with the present use of flora/the plants (production of essential oils and by-products) in order to examine the heritage recognition of that knowledge. That work is aimed at contributing to the conservation and promotion of a legacy combining both the organic and cultural aspects as well as a better understanding of the interest of the Corsican society in the knowledge of plants in the course of time. More generally it also follows a prospect to study how Corsica is outstanding to understand the conservation of cultural and organic diversity
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Romero, Dani Leobardo Velásquez. "Jorge Amado e o novo romance latino-americano: processos de hibridação cultural em Dona Flor e seus dois maridos e O sumiço da santa." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/8649.
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Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar como se constrói o diálogo de Jorge Amado com a proposta teórica, ideológica e estética do Novo Romance Latino-americano, tendo como referência as obras Dona Flor e seus dois maridos (1966) e O sumiço da santa (1988). O trabalho se sustenta no campo teórico dos Estudos Culturais e apresenta, em primeiro lugar, a evolução e constituição do Novo Romance Latino-americano, assim como os diferentes elementos que o caracterizaram, trazendo à tona o papel do Brasil nesse movimento da narrativa latino-americana. Em segundo lugar, centra-se na figura do romancista baiano para identificar como através da sua vida e da sua obra, o escritor estabelece relações, interesses,preocupações e posicionamentos que o relacionam estreitamente com o Novo Romance Latino-americano. Por último, mostra como se configuram alguns processos de hibridação cultural, tais como o dialogismo, a carnavalização literária, o erotismo, o sincretismo e o realismo mágico ou maravilhoso, nas obras Dona Flor e seus dois maridos e O Sumiço da Santa.
Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Letras. Salvador-Ba, 2010.
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Pérez, Lozano Melissa. "Participación social y conservación ambiental en las Áreas Naturales Protegidas “Centro de Cultura para la Conservación Piedra Herrada” y “ Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Nevado de Toluca”." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/111344.
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La investigación comenzó con una recopilación de información proveniente de artículos científicos y documentos oficiales como lo son los programas de manejo de las Áreas Naturales Protegidas, censos poblacionales, gacetas municipales y planes de desarrollo; información con la cual se elaboró el marco conceptual (Capítulo I), la información abarca desde la definición de ANP, antecedentes de
las mismas, así como las diferentes categorías existentes a nivel mundial, nacional y estatal. Como subtema también se buscó información general sobre la calidad de vida y la percepción local, ya que estas son las variables aplicadas en la investigación.
En el capítulo dos se encuentra la caracterización físico-geográfico y socioeconómico de las zonas de estudio. La cual es de manera general pero precisa, ya que va desde las especies de flora y fauna que habitan la región, así como el clima y tipo de suelo, hasta las actividades económicas que llevan a cabo las poblaciones, y la situación de la tenencia de la tierra.
El capítulo III es sobre la metodología, en la cual se encuentran las variables de la investigación, de las que se desglosan los diferentes indicadores que se utilizaron para la medición de las variables.
Posteriormente, en el capítulo cuatro y cinco se encuentran los resultados y el análisis de estos, acompañados de diversos gráficos y cuadros para un mejor entendimiento y análisis, los resultados se presentaron por localidad para ser contrastados, posteriormente se obtuvieron cifras conjuntas para un análisis general.
Por último, en las conclusiones se toman en cuenta todas las variables e indicadores utilizados, dando respuesta a la pregunta de investigación, afirmando la importancia de las poblaciones originarias dentro de las Áreas Naturales Protegidas para su correcta conservación y administraciónConsiderando que la preservación de las ANP va más allá de conservar bonitos paisajes o sitios turísticos, estas zonas juegan un papel muy importante en la supervivencia de los seres humanos, ya que estas proporcionan diversos servicios ambientales generando beneficios, la Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP) define a los servicios ambientales como los bienes que las personas obtienen de los ecosistemas y son vitales para el desarrollo humano y las actividades económicas; la declaración de ANP, puede ser tanto fuente de conflicto como oportunidad para recrear las identidades con nuevos elementos o para desarrollar nuevas actividades económicas en los escenarios locales. (Beltrán, Pascual y Vaccaro, 2008). Los análisis integrados de los sistemas socioecológicos y los estudios de percepción permiten integrar la perspectiva de los habitantes locales en los programas de conservación de ecosistemas, pero ello es insuficiente si en la toma de decisiones y en la ejecución de las acciones no se despliegan mecanismos de participación social (Castillo, 2009).
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Paulin, Pascale. "Les Baka du Gabon dans une dynamique de transformations culturelles- Perspectives linguistiques et anthropologiques." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20077/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse propose une analyse approfondie de la dynamique des changements observés au sein d’une communauté de chasseurs-cueilleurs, les Baka du Gabon. Ce groupe se compose de moins de 1000 individus et parle une langue oubanguienne dans un environnement bantuphone. Une comparaison avec les autres langues du même sous-groupe linguistique met en évidence les spécificités du baka et met au jour des affinités entre cette langue et le monzombo. Ces deux groupes ethnolinguistiques semblent avoir entretenu des relations qui s’inscrivent dans une dynamique d’échange de compétences (chasse-cueillette vs pêche-maîtrise du fer). Ce type de complémentarité se retrouve dans les relations entre les Baka et leurs voisins bantu actuels, dont en particulier les Fang, pour ce qui concerne le Gabon.Le mode de vie des Baka demeure, encore aujourd’hui, largement marqué par la mobilité et la forêt. Toutefois, la sédentarisation imposée par voie gouvernementale, la contigüité avec les Fang de même que l’influence croissante de la mondialisation entraînent des transformations par rapport auxquelles les Baka cherchent à se positionner. Ces dernières touchent la langue (système et utilisation) de même que bon nombre de pratiques socioculturelles (habitat, mobilité, alimentation, subsistance, religion, etc.).La thèse s’efforce d’identifier ces transformations, de les décrire et d’en évaluer l’impact en tenant compte de la diversité des situations. Elle comporte, par ailleurs, une réflexion critique des principes de catégorisation fondée sur l’étude de plusieurs domaines lexicaux (faune, flore, maladie). Certains changements peuvent apparaître en surface sans pour autant remettre en cause, de manière fondamentale, leur attachement à la forêt et à certaines valeurs ancestrales. Toutefois, les différentes pressions exogènes (i.a. sédentarisation, mondialisation) et endogènes (i.a. attitude des individus, transmission) qui déterminent alors le degré d’avancement des différentes transformations, ne doivent pas être sous évaluées en tant qu’elles sont une menace pesant sur la langue, la connaissance de la flore et de la faune et certaines pratiques socioculturellesThis thesis proposes a detailed analysis on the dynamic of change observed among the Baka from Gabon, a hunter-gatherer community. This group is composed of less than 1000 individuals speaking an Ubangian language inside a Bantu environment. By comparing their language with others from the same linguistic sub-group, some singularities from Baka and some resemblance with the Monzombo sub-group can be seen. These two ethnolinguistic groups, Baka and Monzombo groups, seem to have kept close contact based on skill exchanges (hunting/gathering and fishing/iron skills). This interaction is witnessed in the exchanges the Baka population preserves with their current Bantu neighbors, especially with Fang in Gabon.Nowadays, the Baka way of life is still characterized by their mobility and the forest. Nevertheless, due to a non-migratory lifestyle imposed by the State, the proximity with the Fang group and the growing globalization, dramatic changes are inflicted to the Baka community. Changes at which they are trying to adapt. These constraints do not affect only their language (system and use) but also many sociocultural habits such as settlement, mobility, food and means of support or religion.The aim of this thesis is to identify these ongoing transformations, to describe and to evaluate their impact bearing in mind the singularity of many contexts. An argumentative reflection on categorization principles is also proposed on lexical domains such as fauna, flora and diseases. Certain changes could arise without necessarily questioning their bonds to the forest and ancestral values. Nonetheless, both exogenous (globalization and a sedentary life) and endogenous pressures (individual behavior and culture transmission) determining the progress of different transformations should not be under evaluated as being a threat to the language, to the knowledge of the flora and fauna and to certain sociocultural practices
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Laffon, Ludivine. "Caractérisation des relations trophiques des communautés de parasitoïdes et de syrphes avec les plantes et les insectes ravageurs en vergers de pommiers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Avignon, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024AVIG0620.
Full textAbstract:
Les syrphes aphidiphages et les hyménoptères parasitoïdes sont impliqués dans la régulation des ravageurs du pommier, notamment du puceron cendré et du carpocapse. Une fois adulte, ils s'alimentent principalement de ressources florales. Renforcer la fourniture en nectar et pollen devrait donc favoriser les syrphes et les parasitoïdes, et contribuer au contrôle biologique. L'objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre la contribution des espèces végétales au service de régulation fourni par les syrphes aphidiphages et les hyménoptères parasitoïdes, en vergers de pommiers. Nos travaux s'appuient sur des relevés floristiques, des échantillonnages de syrphes et de parasitoïdes et des observations d'insectes ravageurs et de leurs dégâts, en vergers commerciaux et expérimentaux. Des analyses de barcoding et metabarcoding ont permis d'étudier plus finement les relations des syrphes et des parasitoïdes avec les plantes à fleurs. Seulement 6 % des parasitoïdes collectés sur les plantes à fleurs en vergers appartiennent à des espèces impliquées dans la régulation du puceron cendré. Parmi les syrphes collectés sur la végétation des vergers, trois genres ont été identifiés comme des contributeurs principaux à la régulation du puceron cendré, car ils ont également été observés au stade larvaire dans des colonies, et représentaient 20% de l'abondance totale de syrphes collectés sur la flore des vergers. D'autres taxons de syrphes visitant la flore des vergers sont aussi susceptibles de prédater les pucerons du pommier, mais de façon moins constante. En conséquence, seule l'abondance des syrphes observés sur la végétation des vergers a un effet significatif sur l'infestation du puceron cendré. Concernant les parasitoïdes, nous avons observé une amélioration du taux de parasitisme du carpocapse et du puceron cendré en présence de certaines espèces végétales installées en pied d'arbre (i.e. Veronica persica, Ocimum basilicum), mais qui ne se traduit pas par une réduction du nombre d'insectes ravageurs ou des dégâts associés. Préserver la flore spontanée et intégrer des aménagements fleuris dans les vergers favorise donc les syrphes aphidiphages et les hyménoptères parasitoïdes. Cependant, les effets de cascade sur la régulation des insectes ravageurs et la réduction des dégâts sont limités, soulignant la nécessité de combiner ces approches entre elles, et avec d'autres stratégies, pour assurer une protection durable des pommiersAphidiphagous hoverflies and parasitoid wasps are involved in the regulation of two main apple pests, the rosy apple aphid (RAA) and the codling moth (CM). Once adult, they feed mainly on floral resources. Providing nectar and pollen may thus favour hoverflies and parasitoid wasps, and improve pest biological control. Here, we studied the contribution of flowering plant species to biological control services provided by hoverflies and parasitoid wasps in apple orchards. Botanical and entomological surveys were conducted in commercial and experimental orchards: floristic surveys, hoverfly and parasitoid sampling, and observations of apple pests and associated damages. Barcoding and metabarcoding were used to characterise the relationships between flowering plants and hoverflies or parasitoid wasps. Only 6% of parasitoid wasps collected on flowering plants belonged to species involved in RAA regulation. Among the hoverflies collected on orchard vegetation, three genera were identified as major contributors to RAA regulation, as their larvae were also observed in RAA colonies. These three taxa accounted for 20% of the total adult hoverfly abundance. Other hoverfly taxa collected on flowering plants also predate apple aphids, but less consistently. Moreover, only the abundance of hoverflies observed on spontaneous vegetation had a significant effect on the infestation of RAA. Concerning parasitoid wasps, we observed a higher parasitism rate of CM and RAA on apple trees associated with some flowering plant species (i.e. Veronica persica, Ocimum basilicum). However, the higher parasitism rates did not translate into a reduction in the number of apple pests or apple damage. Preserving spontaneous vegetation or adding flowering infrastructures in apple orchards may promote parasitoid wasp and hoverfly abundances, but cascading effects on insect pest regulation and damage reduction remain low. Further studies are needed to better understand interactions between these two strategies and other crop management practices to promote sustainable apple pest regulation
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Lin, Chih-Mou, and 林志謀. "Tissue Culture of Calocedrus formosana (Florin) Florin 、 Amentotaxus formosana Li. and Taxua mairei." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39316941616961876585.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
森林學系
84
This study describes the development conditions and the prop -agation technique by in vitro culture for the Calocedrus formo- sna(Florin). Florin. , Amentotaxus formosana Li. and Taxus mairei. The primary results are as follow: In Calocedrus formosana(Florin). Florin.,the mature embryos、immature embyros 、the needle-like leaves with node and scale- like leaves from 4-6 month-old seedling ; and 5-cm-long shoot tip from a lateral branch of 2-3-year-old tree were used as explants。In the surface sterilization: the immature embryos can overcome thecontamination and the seed could get the 90% no con- tamination，the explants from 4-6-months seedling could get the 92.5% non-contamination。But the explants from mature trees only could be controled at 57.5% non-contamination,finally,the expla- nts will get brown and death。The medium of MS、WPM and B5 get the best rsults to establish sterile plants。Immature embryos will induce the multi buds in the basal medium of WPM which were supplemented with 0.5 ppm BA and 1 ppm NAA 。The needle with node from sterile plants will from the buds in the supplement of 0.05 ppm NAA and 0.5 ppm BA treament。 Amentotaxus formosana Li. achieved the best control of 78.2 % non-contamination。Cali will be induced at the basal medium of WPM which were supplemented with 1 ppm 2,4-D and 0.1 ppm BA。 Taxus mairei overcomes the contaimation in the surface ster- ilization。The embyro shows the best germination in the basal medium of DCR。Cali will be induced in the B5 medium supplement- ed with 1 ppm NAA and 2 ppm KT。
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Sousa, Cláudia Sofia Dias 1981. "Flor como património natural e cultural." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/5918.
Full textAbstract:
Tese de mestrado, Educação artística, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Belas Artes, 2012The present essay tackles a project of Art Education entitled “Flower as Natural and Cultural Heritage” accomplished in Madeira island. This project has been developed in two stages: being the first essentially an approach to context and to the artistic experimentation itself, among six social institutions, whilst the second opened up to the community, displaying the tasks developed by the institutions who took part in the exhibit ECO FLOR. This opening has allowed to develop a critic sense on a basis of observation and fruition of numerous exhibits along with other artistic and cultural activities, namely with the project CORAÇÃO VERDE and Flower Exhibition, bringing the latter different perspectives around the themes: Flower and Garden. All these somewhat intertwined perspectives under a common orientation line provided the island participants, an enriching experience with an ever increasing grasp of emotions and image repertoire. The project was developed with two different generations from different locations of Madeira Island. Its sole purpose was to explore various environmental issues, as for instance, Nature preservation, Natural and Cultural Heritage, Ecology and endogenous resources. The project also aimed at the development of artistic performances as a route to promote social integration. The results vividly display the vision of its participants about their garden island, throughout their artistic expression and their bond with Education, Nature and Art
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Araújo, Carlos Xavier Mendes. "Serviços Educativos na Cultura: que lugar para a Educação? Uma experiência de estágio no serviço educativo do Centro Cultural Vila Flor." Master's thesis, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/118236.
Full text
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Araújo, Carlos Xavier Mendes. "Serviços Educativos na Cultura: que lugar para a Educação? Uma experiência de estágio no serviço educativo do Centro Cultural Vila Flor." Dissertação, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/118236.
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Hsiu-Fen and 楊琇棻. "Utilization of gums by the human intestinal flora in the static fermentation culture system." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80837613083463736153.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中山醫學大學
營養學研究所
94
The main purpose of this experiment was to investigate fermentability and prebiotic effects of gums, including konjac gum, guar gum, xanthan gum, pectin and carrageenan and fructooligosaccharide by the human intestinal flora in static fermentation culture. Gums and fructooligossccharide (0.1 %) were added into human fecal slurry (5 %) and fermented in static culture at 37 ℃ up to 48 hours. Aliquots were taken at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 hr for analyses of culture pH. Culture at 0, 6, 24 hr were also determined for bacterium counts by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method, and 0, 6, 12, 24 hr for analyses short chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as acetate, propionate, i-butyrate and n-butyrate by gas chromatography. All gums investigated in this study increased acetate, propionate and SCFA concentrations in the culture medium. Xanthum gum and carrageenan caused the greatest SCFA concentrations at the 12 and 24 h, respectively. All gums promoted the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. However, carrageenan also promoted the growth of Clostridium perfringens. Therefore, this study suggests the konjac gum, guar gum, and xanthan gum could act as prebiotics in the humans.
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Huang, Mai Liem, and 黃美連. "Aerobic Bacterial Flora of Cultural Torafugu and Tetrodotoxin Producing Bacteria." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94292346470350375349.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立海洋大學
食品科學系
87
ABSTRACT Gill, intestinal walls and skin samples of Torafugu (Takifugu rubripes) collected from Jiaohsi and Toucheng, Ilan County and Sandiaujau, Taipei County, were plated on PPBE (Proteose peptone beef extract) agar and ORI (Ocean Research Institute) agar both for aerobic plate count. Numbers of anaerobic plate count were determined by TPGY (Trypticase peptone glucose yeast extract ) agar. Pond water and sediment were determined for both aerobic and anaerobic plate counts by the same methods used for fish samples. A total of 345 strains were isolated and characterized morphologically, physiologically and biochemically for taxonomic classification to species or genus . Bacterial counts of gill were highest in summer with 5.2×106, 4.4×106 and 4.4×106 CFU/g plated on PPBE, ORI and TPGY agar, respectively. The bacterial load was found highest in intestinal walls among three part samples of the fish and the highest counts were found in Spring with 6.4×108, 8.5×108 and 1.5×109 CFU/g plated on PPBE, ORI and TPGY media, respectively. In fish skin, 1.6-2.3×106 CFU/g were found highest in Jiaohsi during the Summer. Aerobic counts with 7.0×103-2.0×105 CFU/ml were found in pond water and 1.1×106-1.4×107 CFU/g in sediment in Jiaohsi. Similar result of 3.5×104-2.7×105 CFU/ml was found in pond water in Toucheng. In Summer, Vibrio alginolyticus was found to be the commonly predominant genus in all samples tested in both Toucheng and Sandiaujau aquacultural facilities. Vibrio alginolyticus and Acinetobacter, and Vibrio alginolyticus were found to be the predominant organisms in three samples collected from Jiaohsi, Ilan County when plated on PPBE and ORI media, respectively. Similarly, V. alginolyticus was also found to be the predominant organism in Toucheng ponds. In Spring, the predominant organisms found in PPBE were similar to that tested in Winter. Nevertheless, V. alginolyticus was the predominant species and other organisms such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Moraxella and other Vibrio sp. also found in gill and fish skins when plated on ORI medium for samples of Toucheng ponds. In pond water and sediment, Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Serratia and Micrococcus were the commonly found organisms when cultured on PPBE while Vibrio, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were prevalent on ORI medium in samples taken from Jiaohsi, Ilan. V. alginolyticus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, V. parahaemolyticus and Serratia were the common organisms detected in PPBE and ORI found in sediment taken from Jiaohsi. Whereas, Pseudomonas and Moraxella were the common organisms in pound water found in both of these two agar plates. The predominant organisms appeared in pond water of Toucheng were Vibrio and Pseudomonas . In order to understand if bacteria can produce Tetrodotoxin (TTX) four isolates were selected for determination of toxin production. The culture grown for 3 days in 1L BHI (Brain heart infusion) or ORI medium were harvested, freeze-dried and prepared for TTX determination. After 0.1% acetic acid extraction, the suspension was separated into cell extract, cell residue and medium filtrate. All three fractions were freeze-dried and suspended in 0.1% acetic acid. The TTX analyses were performed by high performance liquid chromatography. V. alginolyticus O1SS01 was found to have a higher likely TTX producting ability with a clear peak, identical to the authentic TTX sample, found in the cell extract and cell residue as identified by HPLC. Three peaks of anh-TTX, TTX and 4-epi TTX fractions in descending order were clearly shown on HPLC analysis. Cell extract from V. alginolyticus O1SS01 cultured on ORI medium also contained slightly TTX likely compound. Other 3 strains, Vibrio O4TG01, Pasteurella P4JI04 and V. alginolytion P3JS02 were also able to produce anh-TTX only and none were able to produce TTX.
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(9819905), Anita Milroy. "Epistêmê, technê and poïesis visualisations of evolution and extinction in Queensland flora." Thesis, 2017. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Epist_m_techn_and_po_esis_visualisations_of_evolution_and_extinction_in_Queensland_flora/13443053.
Full textAbstract:
Experimental intra-disciplinary praxis forms the basis of this research, specifically bridging the domains of art-science and utilising innovative imaging technologies. The research addresses the following questions:
In what ways, if any, can the outcomes of a practice-based visual arts researcher significantly contribute to the development and communication of knowledges in scientific practice?
And conversely:
In what ways, if any, can scientific research practices significantly contribute to the development and communication of knowledges in artistic practice? Significance is measured through contributions to knowledge including, but not limited to, the development of: new concepts, methodologies, inventions and understandings. Over a period of four years, the researcher, a professional practising artist, documents and creates intra-actively with scientific practitioners in the fields of fine art, palaeontology and physics. This emergent inquiry results in outcomes significant to both art and science domains as it provides a critical examination of each discipline’s standard research practices and knowledge making paradigms. It subsequently proposes a paradigm shift, as a direct result of working collaboratively within disciplines and
sparked by creative and innovative methods of knowledge production.
In responding to the questions posed, the researcher applies a Bohrian philosophy of physics and this is strongly influenced by Karen Barad’s interpretation of it. Quantum theory provides a rich source for rethinking knowledge creation in both artistic and scientific domains. It also suggests the application of a diffractive, rather than reflective, methodology as the research investigates Bohr’s notion that we are a part of that nature we seek to understand. The art-science experimental procedures and outcomes are additionally theorised by integrating and supplementing them with ideas about agency, epistemology, ontology,
and praxis from theorists such as Donna Haraway, Estelle Barrett, Barbara Bolt, Andrew Pickering and Bruno Latour.
This thesis comprises visual and textual components inspired by the researcher’s scholarly engagement with the palaeobotanic type collection at the Queensland Museum. For the first time ever, the exhibited visual outcomes utilise and interpret type collection data using state-of-the-art imaging technologies from the Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) at the Australian Synchrotron. The thesis exhibition, Aletheia, provides
visualisations of seeds and fruits at a previously unseen evolutionary stage because the technique proposed by the researcher non-destructively reveals detailed internal morphologies and key taxonomic features of previously unclassifiable fossils. The significance of the research outcomes to date, for communicating in visually creative and innovative ways, to share new artistic and scientific knowledges across
and through disciplines and the wider global community have already been recognised through the research being extended beyond the current candidature period. A competitive, collaborative proposal for future work, scanning at ANSTO’s advanced DINGO neutron beamline at the Lucas Heights facility has been accepted. This technology provides capability for neutron scanning, a complementary technique to the synchrotron x-ray radiation of the IMBL. It is anticipated that the ongoing work will continue to provide a platform for synergistic national and international intra-disciplinary research linkages.
Documentation of the culminating exhibition, which was held in April 2016, together with evidence of other significant exhibitions, international collaborative artefactual outcomes, and published articles is presented for examination for the award of Doctor of Philosophy.