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Journal articles on the topic 'Florence (Italy) – Commerce – History'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Nevola, Fabrizio. "Home Shopping." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 70, no. 2 (2011): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2011.70.2.153.

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Fabrizio Nevola considers the form, function, and significance of shops and the other commercial spaces contained in the ground floors of the Renaissance palaces of Siena, Florence, and Rome. Home Shopping: Urbanism, Commerce, and Palace Design in Renaissance Italy also investigates the social interaction between the private environment of the home and the public space of the street. Contrary to much that has been written about the palaces of the fifteenth century, their designers did not abandon botteghe (shops), nor more broadly construed commercial functions. The resulting buildings are hyb

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Benton, MJ, PCJ Donoghue, J. Vinther, RJ Asher, M. Friedman, and TJ Near. "Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history." Palaeontologia Electronica 15, no. 1 (2015): 1–107. https://doi.org/10.26879/424.

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Benton, MJ, Donoghue, PCJ, Vinther, J, Asher, RJ, Friedman, M, Near, TJ (2015): Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history. Palaeontologia Electronica (Florence, Italy) 15 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.26879/424, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/424

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Yusim, Mark. "Francesco Guicciardini — from the «History of Florence» to «The History of Italy»." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 4 (2018): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s000523100000105-9.

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Sperling, Jutta. "Dowry or Inheritance? Kinship, Property, And Women's Agency in Lisbon, Venice, and Florence (1572)." Journal of Early Modern History 11, no. 3 (2007): 197–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006507781147470.

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AbstractThe marital property regimes, inheritance practices, and kinship structures of Renaissance Italy and early modern Portugal were at opposite ends of a spectrum. In Italy, the legitimacy of marriage was defined as the outcome of dowry exchange governed by exclusio propter dotem, thus conceptually linked to the disinheritance of daughters and wives. In Portugal, where the Roman principle of equal inheritance was never abolished, domestic unions qualified as marriages insofar as joint ownership was established. Kinship structures were rigidly agnatic in Italy, but cognatic, even residually

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Colacicco, Tamara. "The British Institute of Florence and the British Council in Fascist Italy: from Harold E. Goad to Ian G. Greenlees, 1922–1940." Modern Italy 23, no. 3 (2018): 315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2018.19.

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The first British cultural institute on foreign soil was founded in Florence in 1917. However, it was the creation of the British Council in London in 1935 that marked the beginning of the strengthening of the British cultural presence abroad. The aim of this drive was to promote knowledge of British culture and civic and political life overseas, to defend national prestige and, given the escalating expansionist policies of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, to encourage the preservation of dialogue between the major European powers, underpinned by democratic principles. Bridging a gap in researc

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Castorina, Miriam. "Rereading Travellers to the East." Cromohs - Cyber Review of Modern Historiography 25 (July 17, 2023): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/cromohs-14189.

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Review of Beatrice Falcucci, Emanuele Giusti, and Davide Trentacoste, eds, Rereading Travellers to the East: shaping Identities and Building the Nation in Post-unification Italy, Firenze: Florence University Press, 2022, reviewed by Miriam Castorina

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SWEET, ROSEMARY. "BRITISH PERCEPTIONS OF FLORENCE IN THE LONG EIGHTEENTH CENTURY." Historical Journal 50, no. 4 (2007): 837–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x07006401.

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ABSTRACTStudies of the Grand Tour conventionally focus upon the art and antiquities of Italy rather than the urban environment in which the tourists found themselves, and they generally stop short in the 1790s. This article examines the perceptions and representations of Florence amongst British visitors over the course of the long eighteenth century up to c. 1820 in order to establish continuity between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It considers why it was that British travellers appeared to be particularly attracted to Florence: initially they responded to congenial and pleasant s

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Martin, Scott C. "A Fit Resting Place for One Who Loved Liberty, Justice, and Equality”: Liberalism, Antislavery, and the American Expatriate Community in Florence, Italy, 1820–1865." Journal of the Civil War Era 14, no. 3 (2024): 310–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwe.2024.a935997.

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Abstract: This article examines the American expatriate community in Florence, Italy, between 1840 and 1865. Florence, with its history of liberalism, attracted reformers from all over the Atlantic world, including many Americans and Britons committed to antislavery. During the two decades before the Civil War, Florence attracted American and British cultural elites who valued its history, culture, cosmopolitanism, and suitability for untrammeled discussion and debate about a variety of liberal causes, including antislavery. For American reformers and intellectuals like Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ch

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I.S., Kosenko. "Boboli gardens in Florence as specimen of Italian gardens of Renaissance." Plant Introduction 46 (June 1, 2010): 85–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2550875.

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On the basis of literary data and own investigations the concept description of Italy gardens during the Renaissance epoch and the history of creation, development and conservation of Boboli gardens in Florence is stated briefly.

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10

Dean, Trevor. "Review: Beyond Florence: The Contours of Medieval and Early Modern Italy." English Historical Review 120, no. 485 (2005): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cei019.

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11

Gates, Barbara. "NATURAL HISTORY ILLUSTRATION." Victorian Literature and Culture 33, no. 1 (2005): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150305220867.

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INTEREST IN VICTORIAN natural history illustration has burgeoned in recent years. Along with handsome, informative shows at the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York (“Picturing Natural History”), at the American Philosophical Society (“Natural History in North America, 1730–1860”), and at the Royal Botanical Gardens in Melbourne (“Nature's Art Revealed”), the year 2003 saw an entire conference devoted to the subject in Florence, Italy. In 2004, the eastern United States was treated to two more fauna- and flora-inspired shows, both dealing specifically with nineteenth-century British science and

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Horodowich, Elizabeth, Paula Findlen, Michelle M. Fontaine, and Duane J. Osheim. "Beyond Florence: The Contours of Medieval and Early Modern Italy." Sixteenth Century Journal 35, no. 3 (2004): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20477113.

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Mieli, Anna, and Margaret D’Ambrosio. "IRIS: Consortium of Art History and Humanities Libraries in Florence." Art Libraries Journal 30, no. 4 (2005): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200014218.

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Florence in Italy, a renowned centre for art and culture, has been called a ‘living museum’ of the Italian Renaissance. Today it is also the site of a co-operative international project bringing the world’s scholarly community access to the bibliographic patrimonies of a group of special art and humanities libraries. The IRIS consortium is a unique resource for art historians, but it is also of value and use for anyone interested in the many aspects of this rich artistic period.

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Toomaspoeg, Kristjan. "The nunneries of the Order of St. John in medieval Italy." Ordines Militares Colloquia Torunensia Historica 27 (December 30, 2022): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/om.2022.004.

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This paper’s focus is women as professed members of the Order of St John in Italy, as documented in cities such as Milan, Florence, Venice, Genova, Monteleone di Spoleto, Perugia, Penne and Sovereto. The adherence of women to the Order came under several institutional forms. Some women were laypeople, associated consorores who carried out the Order’s activities, sometimes working in its hospitals. Others lived in the houses of the Order of St John, where they could also take the vows, with consequent formation of “mixed” convents or monasteries. But in some cases, separate nunneries were creat

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Faraoni, Monica, Riccardo Rialti, Lamberto Zollo, and Anna Claudia Pellicelli. "Exploring e-Loyalty Antecedents in B2C e-Commerce." British Food Journal 121, no. 2 (2019): 574–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-04-2018-0216.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the micro-linkages fostering consumers’ e-loyalty in grocery retailers B2C e-commerce context. Specifically, the authors focused on the neglected role of security, privacy and website design. Grocery retailing has been selected as the context of research because grocery retailers too have been required to develop B2C e-commerce platforms to meet their consumers’ evolving preferences.Design/methodology/approachA survey was distributed to several students from University of Florence (Italy). Structural equation modeling was used to compile the r

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Stapelbroek, Koen. "Commerce and morality in eighteenth-century Italy." History of European Ideas 32, no. 4 (2006): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.histeuroideas.2006.08.004.

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Caini, Saverio, Benedetta Bendinelli, Giovanna Masala, et al. "Determinants of Erythrocyte Lead Levels in 454 Adults in Florence, Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (2019): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030425.

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Background: Lead exposure, even at low levels, is associated with adverse health effects in humans. We investigated the determinants of individual lead levels in a general population-based sample of adults from Florence, Italy. Methods: Erythrocyte lead levels were measured (using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) in 454 subjects enrolled in the Florence cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study in 1992–1998. Multiple linear regression models were used to study the association between demographics, education and working history, lifesty

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Baker, Nicholas Scott. "For Reasons of State: Political Executions, Republicanism, and the Medici in Florence, 1480–1560." Renaissance Quarterly 62, no. 2 (2009): 444–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/599867.

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AbstractPrior to the late fifteenth century in Florence, the losers of political conflicts routinely faced exile as punishment for their perceived crimes. Following the Pazzi conspiracy of 1478, however, such political criminals increasingly received death sentences rather than banishment. This article explores how the changing nature of punishment for political crimes in Renaissance Florence from the fifteenth to the sixteenth centuries can be read as a barometer of political change in the city. It examines the relationship between the growing number of political executions and the long trans

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Richet, Isabelle. "English-Language Periodicals and Reading Rooms in Nineteenth-Century Italy as Spaces of Intercultural Contact and Exchange." Cultural History 10, no. 2 (2021): 226–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cult.2021.0243.

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This paper discusses the symbiotic relationship that developed between English-language periodicals published in Italy and major reading rooms in Rome and Florence. This relationship took various configurations – from Luigi Piale in Rome, who opened a reading room and published the weekly The Roman Advertiser, to the Gabinetto Vieusseux in Florence that provided access to the many English-language periodicals published in Italy – and created important spaces of transnational cultural interaction. The paper looks at the cultural practices and the forms of sociability represented by the reading

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Birindelli, Pierluca. "Studying Abroad Narrative Imaginaries: North and South Europe." SocietàMutamentoPolitica 15, no. 30 (2024): 147–60. https://doi.org/10.36253/smp-15945.

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Through analysis of 50 autoethnographies I interpret international students’ imaginaries of Italy-Florence (South Europe), Finland-Helsinki (North Europe) and what can be called “the cosmopolitan elsewhere”. International students’ imaginary of Finland-Helsinki is very slight; that of Italy-Florence is richer and variously articulated: media images and narratives shape students’ expectations before their arrival in the host country. The Finland-Helsinki country profile is instead associated with a vague idea of Northern Europe and often confused with Scandinavia. The respective autoethnographi

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21

Britnell, R. H. "England and Northern Italy in the Early Fourteenth Century: the Economic Contrasts." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 39 (December 1989): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3678983.

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We know almost as much about the operations of big Italian companies in England as about those in Italy itself during the early fourteenth century. Tuscan trade here engaged some of Europe's most celebrated businesses, attracted by the kingdom's fine wool and the credit-worthiness of her crown and nobility. Historians have some-times drawn an analogy with international lending from richer to poorer countries in the modern world, both to create a point of contact with their readers and to meet the need for deep-lying explanations. The analogy usually carries the implication that Italy had a mor

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22

Gill, B. J. "The Cheeseman–Giglioli correspondence, and museum exchanges between Auckland and Florence, 1877–1904." Archives of Natural History 37, no. 1 (2010): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0260954109001697.

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Letters between Thomas Frederic Cheeseman of Auckland Museum (New Zealand) and Enrico Hillyer Giglioli of the Florence Natural History Museum (Italy) spanning 27 years (1877–1904), document repeated exchanges of natural history and ethnographic objects (consignments received at Florence in 1879, 1885, 1887, 1890, about 1895 and 1899, and at Auckland in 1882, 1888, 1891, 1896 and 1904). Extracts from the correspondence are used to give a chronological account of the transactions as a detailed case-study of a nineteenth century museum exchange between institutions half a world apart. Emphasis is

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Gavitt, Philip, and Carol Bresnahan Menning. "Charity and State in Late Renaissance Italy: The Monte di Pieta of Florence." American Historical Review 100, no. 1 (1995): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2168069.

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24

Hamilton, Alastair. "The Pucci of Florence. Patronage and Politics in Renaissance Italy, by Carla D’Arista." Church History and Religious Culture 101, no. 4 (2021): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-10104004.

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ROSENTHAL, DAVID. "‘Every sort of manual type, and mostly foreigners’: migrants, brothers and festive kings in early modern Florence." Urban History 37, no. 3 (2010): 360–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926810000507.

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ABSTRACT:In 1522, the artisan festive ‘kingdom’ of the Biliemme put up the biggest street tabernacle in Florence. German textile workers were behind the tabernacle and this article argues that, at a time of crisis for German workers, these men looked to reassert their place in Florence through their participation in a citywide artisan festive subculture. Forty years later, Germans in the Biliemme district had largely been replaced by textile migrants from other parts of Italy. Nonetheless the kingdom remained a important vehicle for creating neighbourhood solidarities and for incorporating the

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Idris, Farhad B. "The Enchantress of Florence: Fabulous Blather." East West Journal of Humanities 1 (June 15, 2010): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.70527/ewjh.v1i.79.

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Salman Rushdie's The Enchantress of Florence glances at history on a grand scale. This, his ninth novel, offers a comparative view of two worlds: Mughal India and Medici Italy. The two dynasties ruled at about the same time—the Mughals in India from the sixteenth through the eighteenth century, the Medici in Florence from the fourteenth through the eighteenth century. Rushdie fabricates a link between the two through an account of a Mughal princess—sister of Babar, the founder of the dynasty—who shows up in Florence and sways men in power through her sheer beauty. At a later time, a golden-hai

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Gabbriellini, Francesca, and Alberto Prunetti. ""We Are Not Here to Entertain You": Notes from the Italian Working-Class Literature Festival and from the GKN Florence Workers' Struggle." Resistance: A Journal of Radical Environmental Humanities 11, no. 2-3 (2024): 232–46. https://doi.org/10.1353/res.2024.a953854.

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Abstract: The first working-class literature festival in Italy emerged from the collaboration between the struggle of the former GKN workers in Campi Bisenzio in Florence, Tuscan writer and translator Alberto Prunetti, and the Roman publishing house Alegre. The GKN struggle has become the longest-lasting in the history of the Italian movement in Italy—hundreds of workers from a former automotive plant have been fighting for three years against relocation and for the ecological conversion of the factory on the outskirts of Florence. The event mobilized hundreds of writers and thousands of spect

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Lippi, M. Mariotti, C. Bellini, M. Mori Secci, and T. Gonnelli. "Comparing seeds/fruits and pollen from a Middle Bronze Age pit in Florence (Italy)." Journal of Archaeological Science 36, no. 5 (2009): 1135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2008.12.017.

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Olsson, Anders. "Sirpa Salenius' Florence, Italy: Images of the City in Nineteenth-Century American Writing." American Studies in Scandinavia 40, no. 1-2 (2008): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v40i1-2.4691.

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Bushkovitch, Paul. "Maksim the Greek." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 57, no. 3-4 (2023): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/22102396-05703003.

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Abstract Studies in both Russia and Italy over the past sixty-odd years on Maksim Grek (né Michael Trivolis) on his Greek origins and formation, his time spent in Florence, Venice, and Mirandola, his education, personal ties, and work there, and on his original writings and translations while in Muscovy have greatly enriched our knowledge of this central figure in 16th-century Russian religion and culture. Of special note here are evidence of manuscripts he copied while in Italy, precise borrowings from Savonarola’s and other Roman Catholic writings, and a polemic Maksim composed in Russia aga

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Domenici, Valentina. "Training of Future Chemistry Teachers by a Historical / STEAM Approach Starting from the Visit to an Historical Science Museum." Substantia 7, no. 1 (2022): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/substantia-1755.

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The visit to a scientific historical museum represents a great opportunity for future science teachers to develop educational activities and effective laboratories for high school and first year undergraduate students. In this paper, a pilot educational project experimented in the frame of the course of ‘Fundaments and methods of chemistry education’ held at the University of Pisa (Italy) during the academic year 2019-2020, aimed to train future chemistry teachers, is described. The main steps of the project, from the visit to the Museum ‘Galileo’ in Florence (Italy) to the design of education

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Mencarelli, Paolo. "The Tuscan Committee of National Liberation: new directions in research, archives and editions of sources." Modern Italy 18, no. 1 (2013): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2012.753172.

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Historians agree that the liberation of Florence (11 August 1944) was a key moment in the war in Italy for political, rather than military, reasons. This was the case, above all, because the Allies found for the first time, in a city of great international importance, an administration that at both city and provincial level was an expression of the antifascist forces. The parties as well as the organisations had, it transpired, worked to create the foundations of popular self-government during the struggle against the Germans and the Fascists and, in particular, during the months immediately p

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Hoeniger, Cathleen. "D’Arista, Carla. The Pucci of Florence: Patronage and Politics in Renaissance Italy." Renaissance and Reformation 44, no. 3 (2022): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v44i3.38017.

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MASSETI, MARCO. "Sculptures of mammals in the Grotta degli Animali of the Villa Medici di Castello, Florence, Italy: a stone menagerie." Archives of Natural History 35, no. 1 (2008): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0260954108000090.

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The Grotta degli Animali of the Villa Medici di Castello, Florence, Italy, houses a varied range of life-size mammals in polychrome marble, perhaps created by Cosimo Fancelli around 1555, on a model by Baccio Bandinelli. This paper describes and identifies the mammalian species portrayed, bearing in mind, however, the possible influence of an iconographic tradition, as well as the probable inspiration from mythological and legendary sources.

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James, Sara Nair. ":The Renaissance Palace in Florence: Magnificence and Splendour in Fifteenth-Century Italy." Sixteenth Century Journal 40, no. 3 (2009): 817–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/scj40540796.

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Kudaev, Aleksandr Egorovich. "Berdyaev and Florence. Aesthetic Intersections." Философия и культура, no. 12 (December 2023): 48–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0757.2023.12.39234.

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The article is devoted to Berdyaev's first Italian journey, which had a "tremendous influence" both on his creative destiny and on the development of his aesthetic views. It is significant that one of the defining motives for visiting Italy was his desire to "return to his homeland impressed by the greatest beauty"! Since the first journey of the philosopher was connected with Florence, it seemed appropriate to pay due attention to the achievements of this city and its decisive contribution to the formation and development of the culture of the Renaissance. The formation of revivalist principl

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Tintori, Guido. "An outsider's vision: Gaetano Salvemini and the 1948 elections in Italy." Modern Italy 16, no. 2 (2011): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2011.557220.

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This article addresses a rather neglected aspect of Salvemini's prolific political output. Based on records collected in the Salvemini Archive at the Istituto Storico della Resistenza in Florence, this article examines Salvemini's perspective on the 1948 elections in Italy, through an analysis of his public writings and private correspondence. It considers the decisive impact that exile to the US and the academic environment of Harvard had on Salvemini's conception of democracy and politics, by making him an outsider in post-war Italy, a country polarised into the two competing ideological fac

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Ledermann, François. "Flückiger und Italien: Die Italienreisen des Schweizer Apothekers und Pharmakognosten Friedrich August Flückiger'." Gesnerus 59, no. 1-2 (2002): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-0590102003.

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The Swiss pharmacist and professor of pharmacy, F. A. Flückiger, made eleven trips to Italy. His first journey took him to Naples but he also visited Rome, Venice, Florence, Sicily and the coast of the Liguria several times. His diary as well as his documented voyage reports allow us to reconstruct his routes, the places visited and the means of transportation used. They show the wide range of interests of Flückiger who observed nature, history and geography of the places visited.

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Lazzini, Arianna, Giuseppina Iacoviello, and Rosella Ferraris Franceschi. "Evolution of accounting education in Italy, 1890–1935." Accounting History 23, no. 1-2 (2017): 44–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373217715041.

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This article focuses on the development of the study of accounting in the Italian education system between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It also focuses on the subsequent formation of a scientific and experimental forma mentis that would prepare students for administrative and managerial activities in industry, commerce and public administration. Starting from the second half of the nineteenth century – when the presence of accounting in education was limited to secondary school and implemented with sporadic educational initiatives by private bodies – and covering approximately the 5

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Klyuev, Artem I. "‘I... Should Never Forget What You Did for Me.’ Letters of Famous Russian Emigre Historian Nikolai Ottokar to Italian Scholar Gaetano Salvemini." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2018): 591–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-2-591-603.

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This article is a publication of letters of Nikolai Petrovich Ottokar (1884-1957), Russian emigre historian, specialist in the history of the Florentine Republic, professor at the University of Florence, to his colleague and opponent Gaetano Salvemini (1873-1957), established authority in Italian historiography, fervent antifascist, and emigrant as well. The author feels that the historiography implies that there was a certain strain between two historians that stemmed in Ottokar's harsh criticism of Salvemini’s concept of the history of late Duecento era Florence, which he proposed in 1899. A

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Bernabei, Mauro, Jarno Bontadi, and Gabriele Rossi Rognoni. "A dendrochronological investigation of stringed instruments from the collection of the Cherubini Conservatory in Florence, Italy." Journal of Archaeological Science 37, no. 1 (2010): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2009.09.031.

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Jurdjevic, M. "Florence and Beyond: Culture, Society, and Politics in Renaissance Italy: Essays in Honour of John M. Najemy." English Historical Review CXXIV, no. 508 (2009): 690–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cep093.

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Guarnieri, Patrizia. "Per una storia dell'affidamento dei malati psichiatrici alle famiglie: Towards a history of the family care of psychiatric patients." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 18, no. 1 (2009): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00001433.

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SummaryInserting adults with psychic problems into families has recently been practiced in various European countries and also in Italy, where some mental health departments support such families. Beyond the well known story of Gheel, the etero and omofamily care of psychiatric patients has a forgotten history. Methods – On the basis of unexplored and exceptionally rich sources from the archives of the asylums in Florence, as well as of the Province di Florence, which funded assistance to the mentally ill – this research focuses on the subsidized “domestic custody” of hundreds of psychiatric p

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Sangster, Alan. "The Genesis of Double Entry Bookkeeping." Accounting Review 91, no. 1 (2015): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-51115.

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ABSTRACT The emergence of double entry bookkeeping marked the shift in bookkeeping from a mechanical task to a skilled craft, and represented the beginnings of the accounting profession. This study seeks to identify what caused this significant change in bookkeeping practice. I do so by adopting a new accounting history perspective to investigate the circumstances surrounding the emergence of double entry in early 13th century Italy. Contrary to previous findings, this paper concludes that the most likely form of enterprise where bookkeeping of this form emerged is a bank, most likely in Flore

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Ślarzyńska, Małgorzata. "Polski wygnaniec. Teofil Lenartowicz w oczach Giovanniego Papiniego." Colloquia Litteraria 34, no. 1 (2023): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/cl.2023.34.1.6.

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   This article focuses on giovanni Papini’s little-known short story L’esule polacco from the volume Passato remoto (1948) and the encounter between teofil Lenartowicz and the Italian writer described in it. The meeting between the teenage Papini, who was wandering with his father through the hills around Florence, and the elderly Polish poet, who had been in Italy for years, took place in 1892. Papini’s reminiscence evoked the most important elements of the characteristics of the figure and oeuvre of Lenartowicz, in whom the Italian writer immediately recognised a true poet

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Scott, Karen. "St. Catherine of Siena, “Apostola”." Church History 61, no. 1 (1992): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3168001.

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In the spring of 1376, Catherine, the uneducated daughter of a Sienese dyer, a simple lay Tertiary, traveled to Avignon in southern France. She wanted to speak directly with Pope Gregory XI about organizing a crusade, reforming the Catholic church, ending his war with Florence, and moving his court back to Rome. Her reputation for holiness and her orthodoxy gave her a hearing with the pope, and so her words had a measure of influence on him. Gregory did move to Rome in the fall of 1376, and he paid for her trip back to Italy. In 1377 he allowed her to lead a mission in the Sienese countryside:

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Korolev, Aleksandr Andreievich. "Sacred Sites of Italy in the Orthodox Descriptions of the Council of Ferrara-Florence." Античная древность и средние века 51 (2023): 452–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/adsv.2023.51.025.

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The Orthodox view of the Catholic Church with its sacred buildings, rituals, and shrines was amply reflected in the Byzantine and Russian descriptions of the Council of Ferrara-Florence. It is possible to divide the existing sources into two groups with different attitude to Latin cultic practices. An ambiguous attitude of earlier descriptions may be related to the uneasiness of the majority of Orthodox towards Western religious art, the decoration of churches, and the peculiarities of ritual that appeared unusual and alien. The most prominent Byzantines, including the emperor and the patriarc

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Lewin, Alison Williams. "“Cum Status Ecclesie Noster Sit”: Florence and the Council of Pisa (1409)." Church History 62, no. 2 (1993): 178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3168142.

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Of all the divisions and crises that the Catholic church endured in its first fifteen hundred years of existence, none was so destructive as the Great Schism (1378–1417). For forty years learned theologians and doctors of canon law argued over whether the pontiff residing in Rome or in Avignon was the true pope. The effects of the schism upon the highly organized administration of the church were disastrous, as were its effects upon society in general. Countless clerics fought over claims to benefices with appointees from the other obedience; the revenues of the church, quite impressive in the

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Laviosa, Flavia, and Anastasia Grusha. "New Italian Cinema Events in Russia: Interview with Viviana del Bianco." Journal of Italian Cinema & Media Studies 11, no. 3 (2023): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jicms_00205_7.

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The New Italian Cinema Events (NICE) was established in the United States in 1990, in 1993 in Russia and, over the years, in many other countries. Viviana del Bianco, artistic director of NICE, illustrates the history of this festival and explains the reasons of the success of the festival which launches young Italian filmmakers, thus giving them the opportunity to establish an international artistic reputation. In this interview, del Bianco also explains the genesis and cultural impact of the Contemporary Russian Film Festival in Florence established in 2019 which promotes the work of new Rus

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Di Maria, Salvatore. "Machiavelli's Ironic View of History: The Istorie Florentine." Renaissance Quarterly 45, no. 2 (1992): 248–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2862748.

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A few years ago, Felix Gilbert, after a brief survey of various studies on Machiavelli's Istorie fiorentitte (1520-24), noticed the need to focus on the work's historical significance, and proposed a reading that goes beyond the mere narrative account of the rise and development of the city of Florence. Having shown that the work's structure follows the cyclical theory of history prevalent in Renaissance historiography, Gilbert goes on to suggest that Machiavelli anticipates Florence's rise from its present decline: “It would seem possible to suggest therefore that Machiavelli intended to repr

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