Relevant bibliographies by topics / Floral biology

Academic literature on the topic 'Floral biology'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Floral biology"

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Blanche, Dansereau, and Charest Pierre-Mathieu. "Biology of Floral Scent." HortScience 42, no. 1 (February 2007): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.1.183.

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., M. Hasanuzzaman, M. A. K. Mian ., H. F. El-Taj ., S. Huda ., and M. R. Amin . "Floral Biology of Snake Gourd." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 7, no. 4 (March 15, 2004): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2004.525.528.

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Li, Xiaobai, Aaron Jackson, Ming Xie, Dianxing Wu, Wen-Chieh Tsai, and Sheng Zhang. "Proteomic insights into floral biology." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics 1864, no. 8 (August 2016): 1050–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.02.023.

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Kadono, Yasuro, and Edward L. Schneider. "Floral biology ofTrapa natans var.japonica." Botanical Magazine Tokyo 99, no. 4 (December 1986): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02488722.

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Cresswell, James, D. G. Lloyd, and S. C. H. Barrett. "Floral Biology: Studies on Floral Evolution in Animal-Pollinated Plants." Journal of Ecology 85, no. 1 (February 1997): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2960635.

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Amos, Bonnie, David G. Lloyd, and Spencer C. H. Barrett. "Floral Biology: Studies on Floral Evolution in Animal-Pollinated Plants." Systematic Botany 22, no. 2 (April 1997): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2419471.

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Bertin, Robert, David G. Lloyd, and Spencer C. H. Barrett. "Floral Biology: Studies on Floral Evolution in Animal-Pollinated Plants." Ecology 78, no. 3 (April 1997): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2266077.

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Waser, Nickolas M. "Floral biology: Studies on floral evolution in animal-pollinated plants." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 12, no. 1 (January 1997): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(97)88396-6.

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Goldblatt, Peter, and John C. Manning. "FLORAL BIOLOGY OF BABIANA (IRIDACEAE: CROCOIDEAE): ADAPTIVE FLORAL RADIATION AND POLLINATION1." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 94, no. 4 (December 2007): 709–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/0026-6493(2007)94[709:fbobic]2.0.co;2.

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Barbola, Ivana de Freitas, Sebastião Laroca, Maria Christina de Almeida, and Elynton Alves do Nascimento. "Floral biology of Stachytarpheta maximiliani Scham. (Verbenaceae) and its floral visitors." Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 50, no. 4 (December 2006): 498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0085-56262006000400010.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Floral biology"

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au, Lynleys@calm wa gov, and Lynley M. Stone. "Floral Biology and Propagation of Blue-Flowered Conospermum Spp." Murdoch University, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040824.145625.

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Blue-flowered Conospermum are endemic to Western Australia, and show great potential as cut flowers. Propagation from cuttings or seed proved difficult, and root initiation in vitro is problematic. This thesis examines the floral biology of the species and the possibility of using somatic embryogenesis to overcome propagation problems. A survey of explant tissue types for C. eatoniae and C. caeruleum was carried out to identify tissue that could be induced into embryogenic pathways. Vegetative, semi-floral and floral buds were initiated into culture from February to June, but were found unsuitable for embryogenesis, producing shoots, callus or dying in culture. Leaves from in vitro leaf cultures formed callus in the presence of 2,4-D and BAP, but were unable to differentiate into embryos in the presence of a variety of growth regulator combinations and concentrations. Immature zygotes died in culture. Direct embryogenesis and/or embryogenic callus was observed on mature zygotes of the species C. caeruleum, C. spectabile, C. dorrienii and C. brownii, and somatic embryos were maintained in culture for up to 18 months for C. caeruleum. Maturation and germination of somatic embryos proved difficult; treatments of cold, ABA, desiccation or mannitol did not induce maturation. It appears that developmental pathways in Conospermum are well defined and are difficult to alter in vitro. It was concluded that somatic embryogenesis has limited commercial potential in these species. Conospermum species have an active pollination mechanism where the style is held in a state of tension when the flower opens. When pressure is applied at the base of the style by an insect, the style flicks downwards, striking the insect pollinator and releasing pollen from the anther in a single dusty mass. However, the breeding systems of blue-flowered Conospermum have not previously been well explored. Flowers on a C. eatoniae inflorescence opened from the basal end upwards acropetally, with the terminal two or three buds never opening. Fruit and seed set occurred only from the basal one to three buds. Isolation of C. eatoniae and C. amoenum flowers showed they were unable to self-pollinate in the absence of insect pollinators. Experiments to determine the timing of the peak of stigmatic receptiveness were inconclusive. Pollen germinated and penetrated the stigma 0 ¡V 6 days after anther dehiscence. Pollen loads on the stigma did not relate to the number of pollen tubes observed down the style. Controlled pollinations of cultivated C. eatoniae at a field station using self and cross pollen, revealed compatibility with a range of pollen genotypes, as pollen tubes were observed extending down the style. However, late-acting incompatibility could not be ruled out as controlled crosses failed to set any seed as flowers were shed from the bush. DNA analysis of open pollinated C. eatoniae seed progeny from two plants from a field station and two plants in natural bushland revealed very different pollination habits. Plants from the field station showed no outcrossing, with progeny closely resembling the maternal parent, whereas plants from the wild population showed outcrossing with several different paternal parents. These results suggest self-pollinated seed can be reliably obtained in a plantation situation using stands of ramets of the same clone. Alternatively, assuming that the required insect pollinators are present in a cultivated stand, it should be possible to obtain cross pollinated seed by surrounding the maternal plant with the desired paternal parent. Unusual pollen behaviour was observed for many blue-flowered species, a white-flowered species of Conospermum, and close relative, Synaphea petiolaris. Up to three pollen tubes emerged from the triporate pollen in vitro, and at rates of up to 55 ƒÝms-1. This rate was maintained for only 2 s but is greater than 20 times faster than reported in the literature for any species, in vitro or in vivo. Pollen with multiple tubes was also observed on the stigma in vivo in C. amoenum flowers. Changing the osmotic pressure of the germination medium by altering sucrose concentration influenced the number of tubes to emerge from the pollen grain; generally the number of tubes decreased as sucrose increased. However, the rate of tube growth was unaffected. The addition of calcium channel blockers to the germination medium had no effect on Conospermum growth rate, nor did they eliminate pulses of tube growth. Observation of Conospermum pollen ultrastructure revealed similarities to Gramineae pollen. The tube cytoplasm was packed with vesicles filled with material of similar electron density to the cell wall. Few golgi were identified, and the apical end of the tube contained these vesicles, smaller secretory vesicles and mitochondria. This is atypical of the tip, which is normally free of large vesicles. Distinct zones in the cytoplasm were not identified, which is similar to Gramineae. Like the grasses, Conospermum appears to pre-manufacture cell wall material and store it in vesicles ready for rapid germination and extension. A biological function of multiple pollen tube emergence with such rapid growth was not elucidated. This research has shown Conospermum to be a complex and very interesting genus. Further investigation into the remarkable growth of multiple pollen tubes would enhance our knowledge of the biological processes involved in tube growth and the process of fast wall formation. The potential benefits to the cut flower industry of commercialising some of these species warrants further effort to find an efficient method of propagation. Introduction into horticulture may be the only means by which these threatened species will survive.
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Stone, Lynley M. "Floral biology and propagation of blue-flowered Conospermum spp." Stone, Lynley M. (2003) Floral biology and propagation of blue-flowered Conospermum spp. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/351/.

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Blue-flowered Conospermum are endemic to Western Australia, and show great potential as cut flowers. Propagation from cuttings or seed proved difficult, and root initiation in vitro is problematic. This thesis examines the floral biology of the species and the possibility of using somatic embryogenesis to overcome propagation problems. A survey of explant tissue types for C. eatoniae and C. caeruleum was carried out to identify tissue that could be induced into embryogenic pathways. Vegetative, semi-floral and floral buds were initiated into culture from February to June, but were found unsuitable for embryogenesis, producing shoots, callus or dying in culture. Leaves from in vitro leaf cultures formed callus in the presence of 2,4-D and BAP, but were unable to differentiate into embryos in the presence of a variety of growth regulator combinations and concentrations. Immature zygotes died in culture. Direct embryogenesis and/or embryogenic callus was observed on mature zygotes of the species C. caeruleum, C. spectabile, C. dorrienii and C. brownii, and somatic embryos were maintained in culture for up to 18 months for C. caeruleum. Maturation and germination of somatic embryos proved difficult; treatments of cold, ABA, desiccation or mannitol did not induce maturation. It appears that developmental pathways in Conospermum are well defined and are difficult to alter in vitro. It was concluded that somatic embryogenesis has limited commercial potential in these species. Conospermum species have an active pollination mechanism where the style is held in a state of tension when the flower opens. When pressure is applied at the base of the style by an insect, the style flicks downwards, striking the insect pollinator and releasing pollen from the anther in a single dusty mass. However, the breeding systems of blue-flowered Conospermum have not previously been well explored. Flowers on a C. eatoniae inflorescence opened from the basal end upwards acropetally, with the terminal two or three buds never opening. Fruit and seed set occurred only from the basal one to three buds. Isolation of C. eatoniae and C. amoenum flowers showed they were unable to self-pollinate in the absence of insect pollinators. Experiments to determine the timing of the peak of stigmatic receptiveness were inconclusive. Pollen germinated and penetrated the stigma 0 - 6 days after anther dehiscence. Pollen loads on the stigma did not relate to the number of pollen tubes observed down the style. Controlled pollinations of cultivated C. eatoniae at a field station using self and cross pollen, revealed compatibility with a range of pollen genotypes, as pollen tubes were observed extending down the style. However, late-acting incompatibility could not be ruled out as controlled crosses failed to set any seed as flowers were shed from the bush. DNA analysis of open pollinated C. eatoniae seed progeny from two plants from a field station and two plants in natural bushland revealed very different pollination habits. Plants from the field station showed no outcrossing, with progeny closely resembling the maternal parent, whereas plants from the wild population showed outcrossing with several different paternal parents. These results suggest self-pollinated seed can be reliably obtained in a plantation situation using stands of ramets of the same clone. Alternatively, assuming that the required insect pollinators are present in a cultivated stand, it should be possible to obtain cross pollinated seed by surrounding the maternal plant with the desired paternal parent. Unusual pollen behaviour was observed for many blue-flowered species, a white-flowered species of Conospermum, and close relative, Synaphea petiolaris. Up to three pollen tubes emerged from the triporate pollen in vitro, and at rates of up to 55 mcgms-1. This rate was maintained for only 2 s but is greater than 20 times faster than reported in the literature for any species, in vitro or in vivo. Pollen with multiple tubes was also observed on the stigma in vivo in C. amoenum flowers. Changing the osmotic pressure of the germination medium by altering sucrose concentration influenced the number of tubes to emerge from the pollen grain; generally the number of tubes decreased as sucrose increased. However, the rate of tube growth was unaffected. The addition of calcium channel blockers to the germination medium had no effect on Conospermum growth rate, nor did they eliminate pulses of tube growth. Observation of Conospermum pollen ultrastructure revealed similarities to Gramineae pollen. The tube cytoplasm was packed with vesicles filled with material of similar electron density to the cell wall. Few golgi were identified, and the apical end of the tube contained these vesicles, smaller secretory vesicles and mitochondria. This is atypical of the tip, which is normally free of large vesicles. Distinct zones in the cytoplasm were not identified, which is similar to Gramineae. Like the grasses, Conospermum appears to pre-manufacture cell wall material and store it in vesicles ready for rapid germination and extension. A biological function of multiple pollen tube emergence with such rapid growth was not elucidated. This research has shown Conospermum to be a complex and very interesting genus. Further investigation into the remarkable growth of multiple pollen tubes would enhance our knowledge of the biological processes involved in tube growth and the process of fast wall formation. The potential benefits to the cut flower industry of commercialising some of these species warrants further effort to find an efficient method of propagation. Introduction into horticulture may be the only means by which these threatened species will survive.
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Buchmann, Stephen L. "Floral Biology of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis), an Anemophilous Plant." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554232.

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Simmondsia chinensis is a widespread perennial plant native to the Sonoran Desert of the United States and northern Mexico. Individuals are dioecious with small unisexual flowers borne on separate plants. The plants are strictly wind-pollinated (anemophilous). Honey bees (Apis mellifera) and native bees often collect large amounts of pollen from male plants but are never found visiting female plants, as there are no floral attractants or rewards in the form of volatiles or nectar, in the green apetalous female flowers. Male plants produce copious amounts of pollen, up to an estimated 523 g/plant, [0.5-2.4 mg/flower, or 8.3-48.9 mg/inflorescence]. Per anther there are from 11,000 to 18,000 pollen grains. The pollen is small, smooth with little exine sculpturing and averages 34μ in equatorial diameter. There is almost no surface oily pollenkitt on the grains. Anthers dehisce and pollen is shed during the entire day, but with an early afternoon peak from 1300 to 1500 MST. This corresponds to peak atmospheric concentrations of 60-63 grains/cubic meter during this period. Seasonal data for Jojoba aerial pollen concentrations and selected hourly values for certain days are also presented for 1982 and 1983 in a native stand. Data on floral number, floral ontogeny, stigmatic receptivity, and seeds per fruit, are also presented for Jojoba.
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Venturieri, Giorgini Augusto. "Floral biology of cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum (Willdenow ex Sprengel) Schumann)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386982.

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Cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum), one of the most profitable crops of Amazonia, is now attracting world-wide attention as an exotic fruit, used in juices, ice cream and sweets. It is a shade tolerant tree that can be grown as a component of agroforestry systems. Nevertheless it is still a wild species and little is known about its biology. Floral biology of cupuassu was studied in Belem-Brazil during 2 floweringfruiting seasons between June 1991 and December 1993. Flowering occurs in the drier period of the year. Flowers commence opening at any time of the day, but open fully at the end of afternoon. The anthers dehisce and the stigmas are receptive as soon as the flowers are fully open. Stigmas remain receptive until 10:00 am the following day. Throughout this period, the pollen grains remain viable. The flowers have a complex morphology which favours allogamy. The species is also self-incompatible. Experimental pollinations, using compatible pollen grains, have shown that a flower which receives 60 compatible pollen grains has 20% probability of setting fruit; a flower which receives more than 400 pollen grains always sets fruit. However, only around 2% of naturally pollinated flowers receive more than 60 pollen grains. A stingless bee, Plebeia minima, is considered an effective pollinator of cupuassu. Another stingless bee, Trigonisca pediculana, also visits cupuassu flowers. Both bees are small insects, which are unlikely to fly very far. Ants (Wasmannia sp.) and weevils (Baris sp.) were considered secondary pollinators, unlikely to promote effective pollinationsFruits mature during the wet period of the year, approximately 5.5 months after the flowers open. The limited and irregular fruit set is probably caused by scarcity of pollinators. The transformation of cupuassu to a plantation crop will therefore require conditions which favour natural pollinators and their access to receptive and compatible flowers
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Fonseca, Marina de Magalhães da. "Biologia reprodutiva de Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3076.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Os estudos de biologia reprodutiva são fundamentais para a conservação e manejo das espécies de plantas, uma vez que o período reprodutivo é uma fase de grande importância para a dinâmica das populações e sobrevivência das espécies . Esta dissertação teve como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento da morfologia floral, biologia floral e reprodutiva de Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick, além de identificar os agentes polinizadores e suas relações com as flores. O trabalho foi realizado em dois países, no Uruguai (em La Paloma, Departamento de Rocha) e no Brasil (em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul). Foram identificadas as fases de floração, antese masculina e feminina. Foi estimado o número de flores masculinas e femininas por ráquila na inflorescência, e a relação existente entre flores masculinas e femininas. Foi verificada a coloração das ráquilas e das flores. As flores foram caracterizadas quanto à sua morfologia e morfometria. Foram identificadas as ordens de insetos que visitaram as inflorescências, a relação dos insetos com as flores, os recursos florais coleta dos e o período de visitação durante as fases de floração. As flores de Butia odorata são unissexuais, hipóginas, actinomorfas, diclamídeas e sésseis. As flores masculinas e femininas ocorrem na mesma inflorescência e possuem formatos distintos, sendo as primeiras muito mais numerosas do que as segundas. As flores masculinas estão dispostas por toda a ráquila, com maior concentração do meio para o ápice, as flores femininas são encontradas do meio para a base da ráquila, formando tríades com duas masculinas. Existe variabilidade genética para cor e tamanho de ráquilas e para cor das flores em inflorescências de B. odorata. A espécie apresenta mecanismos de protandria. Uma grande diversidade de espécies de insetos das ordens Hymenoptera, Coleoptera e Diptera visitam as inflorescências. Durante a antese masculina, as ordens Hymenoptera e Coleoptera são mais frequentes, enquanto que durante a antese feminina a ordem Hymenoptera se destaca. Os insetos são atraídos pelos recursos como pólen e néctar disponibilizados pelas flores. A compreensão sobre a biologia reprodutiva, apresentado nos dois capítulos da dissertação, serve de alicerce para a preservação do butiá, pois este conhecimento é de grande importância para traçar estratégias de conservação e uso de recursos genéticos e programas de melhoramento.
Studies of reproductive biology are essential for the conservation and management of plant species, once the reproductive period is a time of great importance for the population dynamics and species survival. This dissertation had as objective to contribute to uderstanding floral morphology, floral and reproductive biology of Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick. Also, to identify the pollinators and their relationship with the flowers. The study was conducted in two Countries, Uruguay (La Paloma, Rocha Department) and Brazil (Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State). Stages of flowering, and male and female anthesis were identified. The number of male and female flowers per rachille in the inflorescence, and the ratio between male and female flowers were estimated. The coloring of rachilles and flowers was verified. The morphology and morphometry of flowers were characterized. Orders of insects that visited the inflorescences, the relationship of insects with flowers, the collected floral resources and the period of visitation during the stages of flowering were identified. Flowers of Butia odorata are unisexual, hypogynous, actinomorphic, dichlamydeous and sessile. The male and female flowers occur on the same inflorescence and have different formats, being the male more numerous than the female. The male flowers are arranged throughout the rachille, with higher concentration from the middle to the apex. The female flowers are found from the middle to the base of rachille, forming triads with two male flowers. There is genetic variability for color and size of rachilles and for color of flowers on inflorescences of B. odorata. The species has mechanisms of protandry. A great diversity of insects' species, belonging to the Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera orders visit the inflorescences. During male anthesis, the Hymenoptera and Coleoptera orders are more frequent, whereas during female anthesis the Hymenoptera order stands. The insects are attracted by the resources such as pollen and nectar provided by the flowers. The understanding of the reproductive biology, presented in two chapters of this dissertation, serves as the foundation for the preservation of butiá, because this knowledge is of great importance to devise strategies for the conservation and use of genetic resources and breeding programs.
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Bomfim, Isac Gabriel Abrahão. "Uso de abelhas sem ferrão (Meliponinae:Apidae) em casa de vegetação para polinização e produção de frutos com e sem semente de minimelancia [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. &Nakai]." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/17026.

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BOMFIM, Isac Gabriel Abrahão. Uso de abelhas sem ferrão (Meliponinae:Apidae) em casa de vegetação para polinização e produção de frutos com e sem semente de minimelancia [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. &Nakai]. 2013. 140 f. Tese (doutorado em zootecnia)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2013.
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The aim of this thesis was to investigate the viability of using the stingless bees, Melipona subnitida and Scaptotrigona sp. nov. for pollination and fruit production of seeded and seedless mini watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) under greenhouse conditions. To this end, the floral biology and pollination requirements of seeded and seedless mini watermelon varieties were investigated, as well as the adaptive and foraging behavior of both meliponines. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse situated in the city of Fortaleza-CE. The results revealed that the varieties studied were monoecious plants with diclinous flowers, and that the stigma of its pistillate flowers remained receptive throughout the anthesis, which was from 05:25 h to 14:20 h. The seeded varieties set fruits by geitonogamous and xenogamous pollination, within the same variety and between different diploid genotypes. In contrast, the seedless genotypes set fruits only by cross-pollination with pollen from seeded varieties. M. subnitida did not show any interest in the crop, under the experimental conditions. On the other hand, Scaptotrigona sp. nov. adapted well to the confinement and collected floral resources since the second day after its introduction. Scaptotrigona sp. nov. showed an essential behavior for the pollination of mini watermelon, as they visited, for direct collection of nectar, staminate and pistillate flowers of both diploid and triploid genotypes. The quantity and the quality of fruits resulting from the pollination of this bee did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from the hand pollination. It was concluded that M. subnitida did not adapt to the mini watermelon cultivation in protected environment with cooling system, and the introduction of Scaptotrigona sp. nov. colonies, for pollination purposes, is viable in the commercial exploitation of seeded and seedless mini watermelon under greenhouse conditions.
O objetivo desta tese foi investigar a viabilidade da utilização dos meliponíneos, jandaíra (Melipona subnitida) e Scaptotrigona sp. nov. na polinização e produção de frutos de minimelancia (Citrullus lanatus) com e sem semente, sob cultivo protegido. Para tanto, foram investigados a biologia floral, os requerimentos de polinização das variedades de minimelancia, bem como o comportamento de adaptação e forrageamento, e a eficiência de polinização desses meliponíneos sob ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido em uma casa de vegetação localizada no município de Fortaleza-CE. Os resultados revelaram que as variedades estudadas eram plantas monóicas com flores díclinas, e que o estigma de suas flores pistiladas permaneceu receptivo durante toda antese, a qual foi de 05:25 h às 14:20 h. As variedades com semente produziram frutos por meio da geitonogamia e da xenogamia, dentro da mesma variedade e entre diferentes genótipos diplóides. Diferentemente, os genótipos sem semente apenas formaram frutos por meio da polinização cruzada com pólen proveniente de variedades com semente. A abelha jandaíra não demonstrou nenhum interesse pela cultura diante das condições experimentais. Por outro lado, a abelha Scaptotrigona sp. nov. se adaptou bem ao confinamento e coletou recursos florais desde o segundo dia após sua introdução. Scaptotrigona sp. nov. mostrou comportamento essencial para a polinização da minimelancia, pois visitou, para coleta direta de néctar, flores estaminadas e pistiladas tanto dos genótipos diplóides quanto dos genótipos triplóides. A quantidade e qualidade dos frutos resultantes da polinização por essa abelha não diferiram significativamente da obtida pela polinização manual (P > 0,05). Conclui-se que a espécie de abelha M. subnitida não se adaptou ao cultivo de minimelancia em ambiente protegido com sistema de arrefecimento, e que a introdução de colônias Scaptotrigona sp. nov., para fins de polinização, é viável na exploração comercial da minimelancia com e sem semente em ambiente protegido.
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Myers, Marleen. "Molecular genetics of the floral response in Xerophta humilis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4306.

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Boyd, Amy Elizabeth. "Evolution of floral traits: Biogeography, pollination biology and phylogenetics in Macromeria viridiflora." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279781.

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Macromeria viridiflora is an herbaceous perennial in which floral traits vary geographically. In my dissertation research, I analyzed geographic variation in plant morphology and pollinator assemblages. I conducted experiments to determine the breeding system of the plants, and used visitation rate and pollen deposition to compare effectiveness of floral visitors as pollinators. I analyzed aspects of pollinator attractants and rewards in the flowers and placed this into the context of pollinator syndromes. In addition, I used phylogenetic analysis of the genus to determine polarity of change in corolla size within the species. Analysis of morphometric data from eight sites across the range of the species revealed significant among-population variation in vegetative and floral traits. Flower size variation is particularly strong and follows a latitudinal cline. Hawkmoths and hummingbirds were the main floral visitors throughout the range. The large-bodied hummingbirds visiting plants in the southern regions are not present in the northern regions, where flowers are visited by hummingbirds with barely half the body size and much shorter bills. This difference in bill size of hummingbird pollinators mirrors the geographic variation in flower size in M. viridiflora, suggesting that pollinator-mediated selection may be acting upon the species. Flowers of M. viridiflora have several characteristics that fit both the hummingbird and hawkmoth pollinator syndromes, namely copious sucrose-rich nectar and long floral tubes. However, they also have characteristics that correspond with a single major pollinator. This plant therefore presents a compromise floral syndrome that attracts two classes of pollinators. Breeding system studies showed that whereas plants are self-compatible and occasionally produce seed autogamously, pollinators are important for reproductive success in the plants. Combining visitation rate and pollen deposition as measures of pollinator effectiveness, hummingbirds were found to be the most effective pollinators at both sites. Phylogenetic analysis produced a single most parsimonious tree that supports the monophyly of the genus. Mapping of corolla size onto the phylogeny indicates that floral size has changed many times within the genus, and that very large corolla size in southern populations of Macromeria viridiflora has been derived from a smaller-flowered ancestor.
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Mickeliunas, Ludmila. "Biologia floral e reprodutiva e anatomia do labelo de Cyrtopodium polyphyllum Vell. (Orchidaceae, cyrtopodiinae)." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315389.

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Orientador: Marlies Sazima
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O gênero Cyrtopodium Schltr. apresenta cerca de 42 espécies, sendo que 28 delas ocorrem no Brasil. Entre essas espécies Cyrtopodium polyphyllum Vell. (Sinônimo: Cyrtopodium paranaense Schltr.) ocorre, principalmente, na região litorânea do sul e sudeste brasileiros. As duas populações estudadas ocorrem na planície litorânea de Picinguaba e Praia da Fortaleza, Ubatuba-SP. Em ambas as regiões foram estudadas a fenologia, a morfologia floral, a anatomia do labelo, bem como observados os visitantes florais e identificados os mecanismos de polinização de C. polyphyllum. Também foram feitos experimentos para verificar o sistema reprodutivo da espécie. A quantidade de sementes potencialmente viáveis obtidas em cada tratamento, bem como a taxa de frutificação em ambiente natural foram determinadas para avaliar o sucesso reprodutivo. Os resultados dos estudos anatômicos foram comparados com os de outra espécie de Cyrtopodiinae, Grobya amherstiae Lindl. Cyrtopodium polyphyllum não oferece recursos aos seus polinizadores, que são atraídos às flores por engano. Cyrtopodium polyphyllum ocorre simpatricamente e, aparentemente, mimetiza flores de outras espécies que oferecem recursos, como Crotalaria incana (Fabaceae) e Stigmaphyllon sp. (Malpiguiaceae). Além da polinização por fator biótico, algumas flores de C. polyphyllum são autopolinizadas por gotas de chuva, um mecanismo que até então não havia sido descrito para Cyrtopodiinae. Cyrtopodium polyphyllum é autocompatível, mas dependente de polinizadores para a transferência de pólen. O grau de autocompatibilidade varia bastante entre as populações estudadas. Os frutos formados através das autopolinizações manuais, das polinizações cruzadas, assim como os desenvolvidos em condições naturais, apresentam alta taxa de sementes potencialmente viáveis e algumas exibem poliembrionia. Um estudo anatômico das glândulas florais presentes no labelo de Cyrtopodium polyphyllum e Grobya amherstiae foi efetuado com o propósito de relacionar a função desempenhada por estas estruturas com o processo de polinização. Ambas as espécies apresentam osmóforos, estruturas responsáveis pela produção dos odores característicos de cada espécie. Cyrtopodium polyphyllum possui dois tipos de osmóforos: um composto por papilas unicelulares, distribuídas pela superfície adaxial do labelo, e outro composto por emergências pluricelulares, presentes na região do calo do labelo. Em G. amherstiae os osmóforos são compostos por uma única camada de células epidérmicas, e ocorrem em toda a superfície abaxial do labelo. Grobya amherstiae apresenta, ainda, elaióforos, sendo um no ápice do labelo e outro na base da coluna. O elaióforo do ápice do labelo é de estrutura mista, composto por tricomas unicelulares glandulares e epiderme em paliçada, enquanto o da base da coluna é tricomáceo, apresentando apenas tricomas glandulares. Além de osmóforos e elaióforos, G. amherstiae apresenta também um guia de óleo na superfície adaxial do labelo formado por células papilosas
Abstract: The genus Cyrtopodium comprises about 42 species, with 28 occurring in Brazil. Among these species, Cyrtopodium polyphyllum (Synonym: Cyrtopodium paranaense Schltr.) occurs mainly on sandy soils in ¿restinga¿ vegetation along the coast of south and southern of Brazil. Large populations are found in the Natural Reserve of Picinguaba and at Praia da Fortaleza, municipality of Ubatuba, State of São Paulo, regions where this specie was studied. In both study sites were studied the phenology, floral morphology, lip anatomy, as well as recorded the floral visitors and identified the pollination mechanisms of C. polyphyllum. Also were performed treatments to verify the reproductive system of this specie. The quantity of potentially viable seeds obtained in each treatment, as well as the fruit set in natural habitat was recorded in order to evaluate the reproductive success. The results of the anatomic studies were compared with other Cyrtopodiinae specie, Grobya amherstiae Lindl. Cyrtopodium polyphyllum offers none reward to their pollinators, which are attracted to flowers by deceit. Cyrtopodium polyphyllum occur sympatrically and apparently mimicry flowers of other reward producing species, as Crotalaria incana (Fabaceae) and Stigmaphyllon sp. (Malpiguiaceae). Besides of the pollination by a biotic factor, some flowers of C. polyphyllum are pollinated by raindrops, a pollination mechanism not described to Cyrtopodiinae yet. Cyrtopodium polyphyllum is selfcompatible but pollinator-dependent. The tax of self-incompatibility is different between the two studied populations. The fruits formed from manual self-pollinations, crosspollinations, as well as developed under natural conditions, show an elevated tax of potentially viable seeds and sometimes present poliembriony. An anatomical study of the floral glands gifts in lip of Cyrtopodium polyphyllum and Grobya amherstiae were performed with the intention to relate the function played for these structures with the pollination process. Both species presents osmophores, structures responsible by the production odors, which are characteristic of each species. Cyrtopodium polyphyllum presents two types of elaiophores: one is composed by unicellular papillae, distributed along adaxial surface of the lip, and other composed by multicellular papillae arranged on the lip callous. In G. amherstiae the osmophores are composed by a singular layer of epidermic cells, and occurs along of all abaxial surface of the labellum. Grobya amherstiae also presents an elaiophore on the lip apices and on column basis. The elaiophore of the lip apices is a mixed structure, composed by unicellular glandular trichomes and a paliçade epidermis, although the elaiophore of the column basis is trichomatic, presenting only glandular trichomes. Besides of osmophores and elaiophores, G. amherstiae also presents an oil guide on adaxial surface of the labellum made by papillose cells
Mestrado
Mestre em Biologia Vegetal
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Mal, Tarun K. "Population biology and floral variation in Lythrum salicaria, a heterostylous colonizing weed." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ30286.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Floral biology"

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Lloyd, David G., and Spencer C. H. Barrett, eds. Floral Biology. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1165-2.

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Dudareva, N. A. Biology of floral scent. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2006.

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The biology of island floras. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Bramwell, David, and Juli Caujape-castells, eds. The Biology of Island Floras. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511844270.

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Institut kompleksnogo analiza regionalʹnykh problem DVO Rossiĭskoĭ akademii nauk., ed. Flora Malogo Khingana. Vladivostok: Dalʹnauka, 2002.

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Clapham, A. R. Flora of the British Isles. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

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Goodrich, Sherel. Uinta Basin flora. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service-Intermountain Region, in cooperation with USDA Forest Service-Ashley National Forest and USDI Bureau of Land Management-Vernal District, 1986.

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Semir, Vladímir de. Salvar la flora y la fauna. Barcelona: Edibook, 1993.

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Association, British Naturalists', ed. British Naturalists' Association guide to wildlife in towns. Marlborough: Crowood, 1986.

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Hendrix, Sherman Samuel. Marine flora and fauna of the eastern United States: Platyhelminthes:Monogenea. Seattle, Wash. (7600 Sand Point Way NE, BIN C 15700, Seatle 98115- 0070): U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service ; Springfield, Va., 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Floral biology"

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Vogel, S. "Floral Biology." In Flowering Plants · Monocotyledons, 34–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03533-7_4.

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Sprengel, Christian Konrad. "Discovery of the Secret of Nature in the Structure and Fertilization of Flowers." In Floral Biology, 3–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1165-2_1.

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Galen, Candace. "The Evolution of Floral Form: Insights from an Alpine Wildflower, Polemonium viscosum (Polemoniaceae)." In Floral Biology, 273–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1165-2_10.

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Schemske, Douglas W., Jon Ågren, and Josiane Le Corff. "Deceit Pollination in the Monoecious, Neotropical Herb Begonia oaxacana (Begoniaceae)." In Floral Biology, 292–318. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1165-2_11.

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Fritz, Anna-Lena, and L. Anders Nilsson. "Reproductive Success and Gender Variation in Deceit-Pollinated Orchids." In Floral Biology, 319–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1165-2_12.

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Barrett, Spencer C. H., David G. Lloyd, and Juan Arroyo. "Stylar Polymorphisms and the Evolution of Heterostyly in Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae)." In Floral Biology, 339–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1165-2_13.

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Inoue, Ken, Masayuki Maki, and Michiko Masuda. "Evolution of Campanula Flowers in Relation to Insect Pollinators on Islands." In Floral Biology, 377–400. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1165-2_14.

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Vogel, Stefan. "Christian Konrad Sprengel’s Theory of the Flower: The Cradle of Floral Ecology." In Floral Biology, 44–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1165-2_2.

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Herrera, Carlos M. "Floral Traits and Plant Adaptation to Insect Pollinators: A Devil’s Advocate Approach." In Floral Biology, 65–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1165-2_3.

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Wilson, Paul, and James D. Thomson. "How Do Flowers Diverge?" In Floral Biology, 88–111. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1165-2_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Floral biology"

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"Dynamical modeling of the floral transition in legumes." In SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/sbb-2019-33.

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Lowe, Abigail, Laura Jones, Col Ford, Matthew Hegarty, Simon Creer, and Natasha de Vere. "Investigating the value of gardens for providing floral resources to pollinating insects." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107582.

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Wang, Ding-Kang, Shu-Hua Zhai, Bin Wang, and Gui-Fang Sun. "Floral structure and pollination in relation to fruit set in cynanchum otophyllum schneid." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Systems Biology (ISB). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isb.2011.6033152.

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Venkatasubbu, Thirulogachandar. "Floral development and growth dynamics are influenced by the spatio-temporal mitotic activity of the inflorescence meristem in barley." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1332422.

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Wang, Xiujuan, Amélie Mathieu, Paul-Henry Cournède, Jean-Michel Allirand, Alexandra Jullien, Philippe de Reffye, and Bao Gui Zhang. "Stochastic Models in Floral Biology and its Application to the Study of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Fertility." In 2009 Third International Symposium on Plant Growth Modeling, Simulation, Visualization and Applications (PMA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pma.2009.12.

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Коломеец, И. Ф., Н. В. Быковская, and С. С. Перелыгина. "Интеграция в изучении дисциплин «География» и «Биология» на примере урока «Флора и фауна Дальнего Востока»." In Животный и растительный мир Дальнего Востока. Publishing House of the Far Eastern Federal University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/7444-4911-7/16-19.

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Обсуждается интегрированный урок с точки зрения преподавания географии и биологии. Ключевые слова: интеграция дисциплин «География» и «Биология», интегрированный урок, флора и фауна Дальнего Востока. An integrated lesson is discussed from the point of view of teaching geography and biology. Keywords: integration of disciplines «Geography» and «Biology», integrated lesson, flora and fauna of the Far East.
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Dai, Qun-Wei, and Fa-Qin Dong. "Biology Response of One Kind of Human Normal Flora under Different Static Magnetic Fields." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162452.

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Isnaini, Yupi, Mahat Magandhi, and Sahromi. "Exploration of flora diversity in Sebangka Island for Batam Botanic Gardens." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGY AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICOBAS). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5115663.

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Zviahintseva, K. O., and H. O. Kazarinova. "Ecological component of adventive element of Kharkiv urban flora (Ukraine)." In Challenges, threats and developments in biology, agriculture, ecology, geography, geology and chemistry. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-111-4-15.

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Tälle, Malin, Balázs Deák, Peter Poschlod, Orsolya Valkó, Lars Westerberg, and Per Milberg. "Effects of mowing frequency on grassland flora and fauna: implications for the conservation of semi-natural grasslands in Europe." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107584.

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