Relevant bibliographies by topics / Floors, Concrete Thermal properties

Academic literature on the topic 'Floors, Concrete Thermal properties'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Floors, Concrete Thermal properties"

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Nagy, Balázs, and Dóra Szagri. "Hygrothermal Properties of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concretes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 824 (January 2016): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.824.579.

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This paper defines the hygrothermal material properties (thermal conductivity, density, specific heat capacity, vapor diffusion coefficient and resistance, moisture storage function, water absorption coefficient and liquid transport coefficient) of steel fiber reinforced concretes that are widely used for industrial floors, based on laboratory measurements. The measured and calculated material properties are necessary to carry out a dynamic heat and moisture simulation of a component or a building containing steel fiber reinforced concrete layers.
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Iravani, Ahmad, Volkert Feldrappe, Andreas Ehrenberg, and Steffen Anders. "Stability of concrete containing blast-furnace slag following exposure to cyclic elevated temperature." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 33 (March 3, 2022): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2022.33.0238.

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Concrete is widely used in constructions such as industrial floors or airducts in steel- and casting industry where it is often exposed to long-term or cyclic elevated temperatures. For these applications, thermal stability of concrete is of vital importance. The strength reduction dueto elevated temperatures depends on the temperature level and concrete composition. In this study, the effects of blast-furnace slag cement (CEM III/A) and basaltic aggregates were investigated at temperatures 250◦C to 700 ◦C in comparison to conventional Portland cement (CEM I) containing quarzitic aggregates. The concretes were cyclically exposed to high temperatures. Special attention was paid to mass loss, residual compressive and residual flexural strength depending on type of cement and aggregate as well as the number of thermal cycles. Mass loss and strength loss increased with increasing maximum temperature level, as expected. It was generally observed that concretes containing CEM III/A displayed significantly higher residual mechanical properties for almost all temperature levels. Concretes containing a combination of CEM III/Awith basaltic aggregates showed significantly higher stability at elevated temperatures compared to other concrete mixtures. It is further shown that apart from the maximum temperature the number of thermal cycles is important for the residual mechanical properties.
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Sedlmajer, Martin, and Jiri Zach. "Properties of Lightweight Concretes Made of Aggregate from Recycled Glass." Solid State Phenomena 249 (April 2016): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.249.67.

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The paper describes the basic properties of newly developed lightweight cement concrete containing lightweight aggregate based on recycled glass. The basic properties of concrete were observed, i.e. bulk density in fresh and hardened state and compressive strength. Given the low bulk density of the concretes being designed, thermal conductivity is also observed in order to assess the options off improving thermal insulation properties in a structure where such concrete may be used. Thermal insulation properties are the primary parameter in the implementation of floor or ceiling structure composition.
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Raczkiewicz, Wioletta, and Artur Wójcicki. "Implementation and usage aspects for floors in the residential houses." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900085.

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Concrete floors at the building’s rooms are made of concrete, as well as fibre-reinforced concrete, or with the reinforcement meshes of various kinds. On one hand, such aspects have an influence on technical capabilities, as well as cost and labour-consumption when making the floors; on the other hand, they influence operational properties. The floors, as a result of significant dimensions, are particularly vulnerable to cracks, following the overlapping effects of shrinkage and thermal strains, as well as mechanical loads. Detailed design guidelines concerning the implementation method and the recommended materials (application of the respective plasticising admixtures and reinforcement, various kinds of steel meshes or a distributed reinforcement as steel or polypropylene fibres) have been developed, in order to prevent the cases above. It is visible (according to a great deal of experimental research) that the abovementioned guidelines limit the undesired shrinkage effects. Nevertheless, average typical conditions for making the floors very often differ from those in the guidelines, which may lead to the appearance of future shrinkage cracks, irrespectively to the applied reinforcement. The paper presents conclusions from the analysis of research results for three types of concrete ground floors made in the detached residential house, in the same operational conditions, differing with the reinforcement applied. The research was conducted from the moment of implementation and then, during the initial operational period.
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E.V., Shipacheva, Pirmatov R. Kh., and Turdalieva M.K. "Heat Engineering Heterogeneity Of The Outer Walls Of Earthquake-Resistant Buildings." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 02, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume02issue12-01.

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When assessing the level of energy efficiency of civilian buildings, a special place is given to establishing the level of thermal protection of their external enclosing structures. Significant discrepancies in the results of theoretical and experimental studies of heat fluxes through the outer walls of buildings erected in seismic areas are associated with the design features of fences - the presence of reinforced concrete elements in them: anti-seismic belts at the level of floors, cores at intersections of walls and along the edges of large window openings ... In addition, in recent years, external walls have become widespread, which are filling of bricks or aerated concrete blocks between the main structural elements of the frame - monolithic reinforced concrete columns and crossbars. The introduction of reinforced concrete elements into the structure of the external wall fencing provides strength, rigidity and stability of buildings, guarantees its seismic resistance. At the same time, reinforced concrete inclusions are significant “cold bridges” in warmer brick or aerated concrete masonry. Such heat engineering heterogeneity of earthquake-resistant outer walls significantly complicates the process of determining their heat-shielding properties. This, in turn, leads to errors in the design of heating systems, which inevitably affects the thermal comfort of the premises, the formation of condensation and mold zones in the cold zones of the inner surface of the fences. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies to determine the heat-shielding properties of external heat-engineering heterogeneous walls of earthquake-resistant buildings. The most reliable method for calculating the reduced resistance to heat transfer of an inhomogeneous external structure and the coefficient of its thermal inhomogeneity have been established.
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Zach, Jiri, Martin Sedlmajer, Jan Bubenik, and Vitezslav Novak. "Utilization of Non-Traditional Fibers for Light Weight Concrete Production." Key Engineering Materials 760 (January 2018): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.760.231.

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Along with energy savings for heating and cooling, the demand for thermal insulation materials is increasing and is an attempt to achieve good thermal insulation properties for some of the construction materials. In the field of porous and lightweight concrete, this is e.g. concrete for foundations, concrete for floor constructions or flat roofs. The problem with these concrete is a relatively rapid drop in mechanical properties in reducing bulk density, with using conventional silicate binders, especially in the area below 1000 kg/m3. The paper describes the possibility of using recycled organic fibers in combination with lightweight aggregates based on foam glass for the production of porous and lightweight concrete with a good ratio of mechanical and thermal insulation properties.
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Jeong, Young-Sun, and Hae-Kwon Jung. "Thermal Performance Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Floor Structure with Radiant Floor Heating System in Apartment Housing." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/367632.

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The use of the resilient materials in the radiant floor heating systems of reinforced concrete floor in apartment housing is closely related to the reduction of the floor impact sound and the heating energy loss. This study examined the thermal conductivity of expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam used for the resilient material in South Korea and analysed the thermal transfer of reinforced concrete floor structure according to the thermal conductivity of the resilient materials. 82 EPS specimens were used to measure the thermal conductivity. The measured apparent density of EPS resilient materials ranged between 9.5 and 63.0 kg/m3, and the thermal conductivity ranged between 0.030 and 0.046 W/(m·K). As the density of resilient materials made of expanded polystyrene foam increases, the thermal conductivity tends to proportionately decrease. To set up reasonable thermal insulation requirements for radiant heating floor systems, the thermal properties of floor structure according to thermal insulation materials must be determined. Heat transfer simulations were performed to analyze the surface temperature, heat loss, and heat flow of floor structure with radiant heating system. As the thermal conductivity of EPS resilient material increased 1.6 times, the heat loss was of 3.4% increase.
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Grynning, Steinar, Alessandro Nocente, Lars Gullbrekken, and Kjell Skjeggerud. "Thermal mass and thermal comfort in offices – experimental studies of a concrete floor." MATEC Web of Conferences 282 (2019): 02087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928202087.

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Previous studies demonstrated that the use of thermal mass in buildings can contribute to reduce the energy demand and improve the thermal comfort. The thermal mass effect strongly depends on the properties of the materials facing the internal environment. High thermal capacity and conductivity are vital to achieve the desired effects. Concrete have both and it is a common building material. However, scientifically sound experimental studies that quantify the effects in a controlled environment are scarce. The aim is to study the effects of thermal mass on indoor environment and comfort in a quantifiable way in an extensive experimental campaign where comparative measurements were carried out in The ZEB TestCell Laboratory in Trondheim, Norway. The facility consists of two identical real-weather exposed rooms the size of a single person office. One of the rooms was constructed with a 70 mm thick concrete flooring, the other with an 18 mm wood-flooring. Free-floating temperature propagations were measured in different natural ventilation scenarios. The results showed that peak temperatures were notably reduced in the test room with the concrete flooring. During the warmest periods, a temperature peak reduction of more than 10% was found compared to the wooden-floored room.
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Al-Jadiri, Rand Salih, Manolia Abed Al-Wahab Ali, and Qais Jawad Frayyeh. "Study some Mechanical and Thermal Properties of reinforced Perlite Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 924 (June 30, 2022): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-9os233.

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Expanded perlite as an aggregate in concrete may make insulating concrete and fire-resistant suitable for roof decks and other purposes. Expanded perlite aggregate (EPA) may be used with gypsum plasters and Portland cement to protect columns, beams, and external applications. Other building uses are chimney linings, under-floor insulation, ceiling tiles, gypsum boards, and roof insulation boards. The primary goal of this research is to learn more about the effects of employing perlite aggregate (EPA) as a partial or complete substitute for sand on various characteristics of expanded perlite concrete (EPC) at 7 and 28 days. Air-dry density, compressive strength, water absorption, flexural strength, and thermal conductivity are all investigated in this research. EPA replacement by volume of sand was used to create five EPC mixes with 0%, 25 %, 50 %, %, and 100%. The effects of introducing 0.5% polypropylene fiber on the characteristics of EPC mixes were investigated. To increase the EPC workability, superplasticizer was utilized, particularly at the higher EPA replacement levels. The test outcomes reveal that the measured mechanical and physical properties of EPC decrease when increasing the EPA content. Thermal insulation of EPC increases with increasing the percentage of perlite aggregate replacement. In addition, using polypropylene fibers in the EPC specimens cause a slight reduction in density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity compared to unreinforced specimens. Polypropylene fibers significantly increase in modulus of rupture reach 29% at 28 days, and increase in water absorption compared with unreinforced specimens.
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Fiala, Ctislav, Jaroslav Hejl, Vladimira Tomalova, Vlastimil Bilek, Tereza Pavlu, Tomáš Vlach, Martin Volf, Magdalena Novotna, and Petr Hajek. "Structural Design and Experimental Verification of Precast Columns from High Performance Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 1106 (June 2015): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1106.110.

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Paper presents some results of long-term research of a new optimized subtle precast construction system based on high performance silicate composites. The system is particularly aimed for building construction in passive or zero-energy standard. Subtle structural elements from high performance concrete (HPC) can be integrated into building envelope of energy efficient buildings with significant reduction of envelope structure and avoiding risk of thermal bridges. Significant advantages of subtle elements are material and energy savings during production, transport, manipulation and construction on building site.Paper presents experimental verification of connection between columns and beams ensured by Peikko ́s PCs corbels. Moreover, production of two prototypes of high performance fibre reinforced columns over two floors is presented. Prototypes were casted in ŽPSV a.s. plant, Litice nad Orlicí in June 2014. Complex LCA analysis of three various reinforced concrete columns was performed. Analysis covers construction life phase. Consequently, environmental impacts of assessed variants were compared and evaluated. Results show that it is possible to reduce some impacts on the environment from 16 up to 65% in comparison with common solution of reinforced concrete columns due to the utilization of excellent mechanical properties of high performance concrete that enables the design of subtle structural elements.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Floors, Concrete Thermal properties"

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Behrens, Christina. "Assessment of thermal properties of AAC masonry walls and panels." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1453187421&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Grange, Peter James Christopher. "Investigating the Commercial Viability of Stratified Concrete Panels." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7430.

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Buildings consume more than 30 percent of the primary energy worldwide with 65 percent of this attributed to heating ventilation and cooling. To help address this, stratified concrete panels (SCP) have been developed to provide insulation without compromising the thermal mass of concrete. SCP is created by vibrating a single concrete mix containing heavy and lightweight aggregates. Vibration causes the heavy aggregates drop to the bottom so that two distinct strata are formed; an internal structural/heavyweight layer providing thermal mass and an external lightweight layer for insulation. SCP incorporates waste products, for both financial and environmental gains, from which technical benefits also result. Stratified concrete panels have been made and tested during past research projects with results suggesting that SCP could be a competitive product in the residential construction industry, an area in which precast concrete systems have not been favoured in New Zealand. Consideration has been given to the specific rheological requirements of the concrete mix design and the hardened properties of the finished panels. This research considers the commercial viability of SCP using an industrial setting. For practicality of the setting, some materials were altered from past laboratory work to materials that are more easily sourced and better understood but with similar properties as those used previously. Several panels were cast at Stahlton precast yard in an effort to optimise the production process. Consistent results were not achieved and a range of stratification levels were produced. This showed that some capital investment is required to commercialise SCP to provide more energy for vibration such that sufficient stratification can be reliably attained. Two panels were then stood up in an exposed area with the exterior facing north to test for warping effects in a practical setting. No measurable warping occurred over this time which concurred with past work and long term readings that were taken of four year old panels. Structural, thermal and durability tests were carried out on panels with a range of stratification levels to assess the sensitivity of these properties to the level of stratification. From this it was found that the panels with better stratification had significantly better thermal properties than those with moderate to poor stratification. Generally the thermal targets for this project were not met with the total thermal resistance (R-values) not meeting current code requirements. In some cases structural properties were improved with better stratification as the structural layer was stronger through better consolidation. Delamination potential increased with stratification and with age. This requires further research to minimise this effect using fibres across the layer boundary. Porosity was increased in the structural layer in the poorly to moderately stratified panels as the structural layer was not consolidated enough due to lightweight aggregate contamination. As with any new innovation, market acceptance is largely governed by public perception. With appropriate marketing as a sustainable energy saving product, SCP has the potential to be competitive in the residential construction market with some capital investment.
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Hösthagen, Anders. "Thermal Crack Risk Estimation and Material Properties of Young Concrete." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och brand, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65495.

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This thesis presents how to establish a theoretical model to predict risk of thermal cracking in young concrete when cast on ground or an arbitrary construction. The crack risk in young concrete is determined in two steps: 1) calculation of temperature distribution within newly cast concrete and adjacent structure; 2) calculation of stresses caused by thermal and moisture (due to self-desiccation, if drying shrinkage not included) changes in the analyzed structure. If the stress reaches the tensile strength of the young concrete, one or several cracks will occur. The main focus of this work is how to establish a theoretical model denoted Equivalent Restraint Method model, ERM, and the correlation between ERM models and empirical experiences. A key factor in these kind of calculations is how to model the restraint from any adjacent construction part or adjoining restraining block of any type. The building of a road tunnel and a railway tunnel has been studied to collect temperature measurements and crack patterns from the first object, and temperature and thermal dilation measurements from the second object, respectively. These measurements and observed cracks were compared to the theoretical calculations to determine the level of agreement between empirical and theoretical results. Furthermore, this work describes how to obtain a set of fully tested material parameters at CompLAB (test laboratory at Luleå University of Technology, LTU) suitable to be incorporated into the calculation software used. It is of great importance that the obtained material parameters describe the thermal and mechanical properties of the young concrete accurately, in order to perform reliable crack risk calculations.  Therefore, analysis was performed that show how a variation in the evaluated laboratory tests will affect the obtained parameters and what effects it has on calculated thermal stresses.
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Khan, Arshad A. (Arshad Ahmad). "Concrete properties and thermal stress analysis of members at early ages." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29060.

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This research program presents an experimental study on the mechanical and thermal properties of different types of concretes at very early ages, (i.e., during hydration). These properties are investigated for temperature-matched curing, sealed curing and air-dried curing. Three types of concretes are studied including normal-strength (30 MPa), medium-strength (70 MPa) and high-strength (100 MPa) concretes. About 300 cylinders and 175 flexural beams were tested to determine the early-age mechanical properties including compressive stress-strain responses, gain of compressive strength, change in elastic modulus and variation of tensile strength. Creep frames and measuring devices were built to enable the experimental determination of early-age creep, with unloaded, companion specimens giving the corresponding shrinkage strains. A temperature-matched curing bath was developed to measure the heat of hydration and to subject 15 cylinders and 12 flexural beams to temperature-matched curing. The thermal properties investigated included the heat of hydration, the thermal conductivity, the specific heat and the coefficient of thermal expansion. Expressions are proposed to predict the development of compressive strength, elastic modulus and modulus of rupture as a function of the type of concrete and the type of curing.
Sub-routines were developed for a finite element thermal analysis program "DETECT" to predict the variation of temperatures during hydration. Additional sub-routines, using the maturity concept, predicted the compressive strength, elastic modulus and tensile strength of each element, in the time domain. An experimental study was performed to observe the effect of different curing conditions and early-form stripping on the temperature and strain development in structural concrete members. Comparisons are made between the measured and predicted temperatures in large concrete columns and precast tee beams and slabs.
Sub-routines were developed to enable incremental stress analysis in the time domain to account for the rapidly changing material properties and the influence of creep. Predictions of the risk of cracking were made and compared with observations from experiments on concrete elements during hydration. Parametric analyses were carried out to determine the influence of key thermal properties, time of formwork removal, creep, and concrete strength on the thermal gradients developed and the risk of thermal cracking.
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El-Khoja, Amal M. N. "Mechanical, thermal and acoustic properties of rubberised concrete incorporating nano silica." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18351.

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Very limited research studies have been conducted to examine the behaviour of rubberised concrete (RuC) with nano silica (NS) and addressed the acoustic benefits of rubberised concrete. The current research investigates the effect of incorporating colloidal nano silica on the mechanical, thermal and acoustic properties of Rubberised concrete and compares them with normal concrete (NC). Two sizes of rubber were used RA (0.5 – 1.5 mm) and RB (1.5 – 3 mm). Fine aggregate was replaced with rubber at a ratio of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% by volume, and NS is used as partial cement replacement by 0%, 1.5% and 3%. A constant water to cement ratio of 0.45 was used in all concrete mixes. Various properties of rubberised concrete, including the density, water absorption, the compressive strength, the flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and the drying shrinkage of samples was studied as well as thermal and acoustic properties. Experimental results of compressive strength obtained from this study together with collected comprehensive database from different sources available in the literature were compared to five existing models, namely Khatib and Bayomy- 99 model, Guneyisi-04 model, Khaloo-08 model, Youssf-16 model, and Bompa-17 model. To assess the quality of predictive models, influence of rubber content on the compressive strength is studied. An artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed to predict compressive strength of RuC using the same data used in the existing models. Three ANN sets namely ANN1, ANN2 and ANN3 with different numbers of hidden layer neurons were constructed. Comparison between the results given by the ANN2 model and the results obtained by the five existing predicted models were presented. A finite element approach is proposed for calculating the transmission loss of concrete, the displacement in the solid phase and the pressure in the fluid phase is investigated. The transmission loss of the 50mm concrete samples is calculated via the COMSOL environment, the results from the simulation show good agreement with the measured data. The results showed that, using up to 20% of rubber as fine aggregate with the addition of 3% NS can produce a higher compressive strength than the NC. Experimental results of this research indicate that incorporating nano silica into RuC mixes enhance sound absorption and thermal conductivity compared to normal concrete (NC) and rubberised concrete without nano silica. This work suggests that it is possible to design and manufacture concrete which can provide an improvement to conventional concrete in terms of the attained vibro-acoustic and thermal performance.
Libyan Ministry of Higher Education
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Othuman, Mydin Md Azree. "Lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) thermal and mechanical properties at elevated temperatures and its application to composite walling system." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/lightweight-foamed-concrete-lfc-thermal-and-mechanical-properties-at-elevated-temperatures-and-its-application-to-composite-walling-system(5a13ec7f-d460-4354-a296-6d1ffecff971).html.

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LFC is cementatious material integrated with mechanically entrained foam in the mortar slurry which can produce a variety of densities ranging from 400 to 1600 kg/m3. The application of LFC has been primarily as a filler material in civil engineering works. This research explores the potential of using LFC in building construction, as non-load-bearing partitions of lightweight load-bearing structural members. Experimental and analytical studies will be undertaken to develop quantification models to obtain thermal and mechanical properties of LFC at ambient and elevated temperatures. In order to develop thermal property model, LFC is treated as a porous material and the effects of radiant heat transfer within the pores are included. The thermal conductivity model results are in very good agreement with the experimental results obtained from the guarded hot plate tests and with inverse analysis of LFC slabs heated from one side. Extensive compression and bending tests at elevated temperatures were performed for LFC densities of 650 and 1000 kg/m3 to obtain the mechanical properties of unstressed LFC. The test results indicate that the porosity of LFC is mainly a function of density and changes little at different temperatures. The reduction in strength and stiffness of LFC at high temperatures can be predicted using the mechanical property models for normal weight concrete provided that the LFC is based on ordinary Portland cement. Although LFC mechanical properties are low in comparison to normal weight concrete, LFC may be used as partition or light load-bearing walls in a low rise residential construction. To confirm this, structural tests were performed on a composite walling system consisting of two outer skins of profiled thin-walled steel sheeting with LFC core under axial compression, for steel sheeting thicknesses of 0.4mm and 0.8mm correspondingly. Using these test results, analytical models are developed to calculate the maximum load-bearing capacity of the composite walling, taking into consideration the local buckling effect of the steel sheeting and profiled shape of the LFC core. The results of a preliminary feasibility study indicate that LFC can achieve very good thermal insulation performance for fire resistance. A single layer of 650 kg/m3 density LFC panel of about 21 mm would be able to attain 30 minutes of standard fire resistance rating, which is comparable to gypsum plasterboard. The results of a feasibility study on structural performance of a composite walling system indicates that the proposed panel system, using 100mm LFC core and 0.4mm steel sheeting, has sufficient load carrying capacity to be used in low-rise residential construction up to four-storeys.
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Bozkurt, Emrah Tanoğlu Metin. "Mechanical and thermal properties of non-crimp glass fiber reinforced composites with silicate nanoparticule modified epoxy matrix/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2006. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/makinamuh/T000517.pdf.

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Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, 2006
Keywords: polymer composites, Nanoparticles, glass fiber, mechanical properties, thermal properties. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-79).
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Chang, Lei. "Experimental Data on Fire-Resistance Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Structures with Example Calculations." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3003/.

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This thesis selects concrete, steel and their relation as research subjects, mainly commentary and discusses the property changes of steel and concrete materials under and after high temperature.The differences and comparisons of reasearch methods and ways between different researchers and different papers,particularly for chinese researches and chinese papers,and partly for comparison between chinese papers methods and Euro-Amercian papers methods about Fire Resistance Behavior of Reinforced Concrete will be summarized and analyzed.The researches on fire-resistance behavior of reinforced concrete become more and more important all over the world. And I would find differences between Chinese researches results, between Chinese researches results and other countries researches results.
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Maraveas, Chrysanthos. "Fire resistance of metal framed historical structures." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/fire-resistance-of-metal-framed-historical-structures(390efc49-7228-4ad1-a164-356213df96fb).html.

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This thesis focuses on fire resistance of 19th century cast iron framed structures. Based on material property data obtained from a comprehensive literature review, upper and lower bound relationships of the thermal and mechanical properties of 19th century fireproof floor construction materials have been derived. Because these materials have large variability, a sensitivity analysis has been undertaken to investigate the most effective ways of representing such variability. The sensitivity analysis has indicated that the elevated mechanical properties of cast iron should be reliably quantified. The thermal expansion of cast iron can be taken as equal to that of steel as in EN1993-1-2. Variabilities in other material properties have modest effects on fire resistance of cast iron structures and can be safely modeled according the Eurocode material models for similar modern materials (using thermal properties of modern steel for cast iron, using thermal properties of modern concrete for the insulation materials of cast iron structures). In order to resolve some of the uncertainties in mechanical properties of cast iron at elevated temperatures, a total of 135 elevated temperature tests have been performed, including tension and compression tests, transient state and steady state tests, tests after cooling down and thermal expansion tests. These test results have been used to establish the elevated temperature stress-strain-temperature relationships in tension and compression. Afterwards, calculation methods are developed to calculate the bending resistance of cast iron beams and compression resistance of cast iron columns at elevated temperatures. For cast iron beams, a fibre model has been developed to calculate elevated temperature moment capacity of cast iron beams in jack arch construction, taking into consideration non-uniform temperature distributions in the cross-section. The fibre model divides the cross section into a large number of fine layers and for a given curvature and neutral axis position calculates the strain, the temperature, the stress and the force of each layer. It has been found that under historically applied load, the fire resistance of such beams can be 60 minutes or higher. The Monte Carlo simulation method has been used to take into account the variabilities of important mechanical properties of cast iron at elevated temperatures; Young’s modulus, 0.2% proof stress, ultimate strength, corresponding strain at ultimate strength and failure strain in tension and Young’s modulus, proportional limit and 0.2% proof stress in compression. This has enabled material safety factors of 1.50, 2.50, 4.50 and 5.50 to be proposed for target failure probabilities of 10-1, 10-2, 10-3 and 10-4 respectively. For cast iron columns, a finite element model, built using the commercial software ABAQUS, has been used to examine the effects of changing different design parameters (column slenderness, member imperfection, cross section imperfection, degree of axial restraint, load factor and load eccentricity) on fire resistance of cast iron columns. Validation of the finite element model was by comparison of the simulation results against six fire resistance tests, three on unprotected and three on protected cast iron columns. The results of this numerical parametric study indicate that the fire resistance of cast iron columns is generally higher than that of modern steel columns because the applied loads on cast iron columns are lower and cast iron columns have thicker sections than modern steel columns. Comparison of the numerical parametric study results with the calculation results using the steel column design method in EN1993-1-2 has found that the EN 1993-1-2 calculation results are generally on the safe side.
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SANTOS, WILSON N. dos. "Contribuicao ao estudo da condutividade termica do material ceramico concreto refratario utilizando a tecnica de fio quente com ajustes por regressao nao linear." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1988. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9901.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Books on the topic "Floors, Concrete Thermal properties"

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Bahnfleth, William P. Three-dimensional modelling of heat transfer from slab floors. Champaign, Ill: US Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, 1989.

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R, Naik Tarun, American Society for Testing and Materials. Committee C-9 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates., and Symposium on Temperature Effects on Concrete (1983 : Kansas City, Mo.), eds. Temperature effects on concrete: A symposium sponsored by ASTM Committee C-9 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, Kansas City, MO, 21 June 1983. Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1985.

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Woodson, R. Dodge. Radiant floor heating. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010.

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V, Zhukov V. Termostoĭkostʹ zhelezobetonnykh konstrukt͡s︡iĭ. Kiev: "Budivėlʹnyk", 1991.

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Shengxing, Wu, ed. Da ba hun ning tu zao qi re, li xue te zheng ji kai lie ji li. Zhengzhou Shi: Huang He shui li chu ban she, 2010.

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Trapeznikov, L. P. Temperaturnai͡a︡ treshchinostoĭkostʹ massivnykh betonnykh sooruzheniĭ. Moskva: Ėnergoatomizdat, 1986.

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Nat͡sievskiĭ, I͡Uriĭ Danilovich. Povyshenie teplozashchitnykh svoĭstv paneleĭ iz legkogo betona. Kiev: "Budivelʹnyk", 1986.

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James, Timothy B. Heat transmission coefficients for walls, roofs, ceilings, and floors. Atlanta, Ga: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 1993.

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Malhotra, Ashok. Brick veneer concrete masonry unit backing. Ottawa: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, 1997.

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Woodson, R. Dodge. Radiant floor heating. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Floors, Concrete Thermal properties"

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Wyrzykowski, Mateusz, Agnieszka Knoppik, Wilson R. Leal da Silva, Pietro Lura, Tulio Honorio, Yunus Ballim, Brice Delsaute, Stéphanie Staquet, and Miguel Azenha. "Thermal Properties." In Thermal Cracking of Massive Concrete Structures, 47–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76617-1_3.

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McNamee, Robert Jansson, Pierre Pimienta, and Roberto Felicetti. "Thermal Properties." In Physical Properties and Behaviour of High-Performance Concrete at High Temperature, 61–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95432-5_4.

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Niaki, Mostafa Hassani, and Morteza Ghorbanzadeh Ahangari. "Thermal Properties of Polymer Concrete." In Polymer Concretes, 121–32. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003326311-7.

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Benboudjema, Farid, Jérôme Carette, Brice Delsaute, Tulio Honorio de Faria, Agnieszka Knoppik, Laurie Lacarrière, Anne Neiry de Mendonça Lopes, Pierre Rossi, and Stéphanie Staquet. "Mechanical Properties." In Thermal Cracking of Massive Concrete Structures, 69–114. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76617-1_4.

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Wagh, Chandrashekhar D., Gandhi Indu Siva Ranjani, and Abhishek Kamisetty. "Thermal Properties of Foamed Concrete: A Review." In RILEM Bookseries, 113–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51485-3_9.

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Beddu, Salmia, Amalina Basri, Daud Mohamad, Nur Liyana Mohd Kamal, Nur Farhana, Zakaria Che Muda, Zarina Itam, Sivakumar Naganathan, Siti Asmahani Saad, and Teh Sabariah. "Thermal Properties of Concrete Containing Cenosphere and Phase Change Materials." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 143–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5041-3_10.

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Abd-Elaal, E., S. A. Al-Bataineh, J. E. Mills, J. Whittle, and Y. Zhuge. "Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Rubberised Concrete With Non-thermal Plasma Treatment." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 23–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7603-0_3.

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Arkulis, Mikhail, Gennadii Dubskiy, Oxana Logunova, Galina Trubitsina, and Georgy Tokmazov. "Results of Measuring the Thermal Concrete Properties by the Impulse Method." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 109–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83917-8_10.

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Wisner, Gregor, Frauke Bunzel, Steffen Sydow, Elisabeth Stammen, and Klaus Dilger. "Wood Foam and Textile Reinforced Concrete in Sandwich Elements and Self-Supporting Modules to Modernize Intermediate Ceilings in Old-Building Renovation." In Performance, Properties, and Resiliency of Thermal Insulations, 76–93. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp162920200008.

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Tsioulou, Ourania, Jesutomisin Ayegbusi, and Andreas Lampropoulos. "Experimental Investigation on Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of a Novel Aerogel Concrete." In High Tech Concrete: Where Technology and Engineering Meet, 125–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59471-2_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Floors, Concrete Thermal properties"

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Da Costa Santos, Ana Caroline, and Paul Archbold. "Mechanical Properties and Fracture Energy of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Basalt Fibres." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.316.

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Fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) is widely employed in the construction industry, with assorted fibre types being used for different applications. Typically, steel fibres give additional tensile strength to the mixture, while flexible fibres may be used in large sections, such as floor slabs, to control crack width and to improve the handling ability of precast sections. For many reasons, including durability concerns, environmental impact, thermal performance, etc, alternatives to the currently available fibres are being sought. This study examines the potential of using basalt fibres, a mineral and natural material, as reinforcement of concrete sections in comparison to steel fibres and plain concrete mix. Mixes were tested containing 0.5% and 1.0% of basalt fibres measuring 25mm length, 0.5% of the same material with 48mm length and steel fibres measuring 50mm by 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2% of the concrete volume. For the mechanical performance analysis, the 3-point bending test was led and the fracture energy, Young’s modulus and tensile strength in different moments of the tests were calculated. When compared to the control mixtures and the steel-fibre-reinforced concrete, the mixes containing basalt had a reduction in their elastic modulus, representing a decrease in the concrete brittleness. At the same time, the fracture energy of the mixtures was significantly increased with the basalt fibres in both lengths. Finally, the flexural strength was also higher for the natural fibre reinforced concrete than for the plain concrete and comparable to the results obtained with the addition of steel fibres by 0.15%.
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Honoré, Mathilde, Thibaut Lecompte, and Sylvie Pimbert. "Properties of <i>Phragmites australis</i> for Insulating Concrete Application." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.332.

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The common reed, Phragmites australis, is a plant species quite similar to the currently used bio-based aggregates and available on most continents. The purpose of this work is to characterise this common reed and compare its properties to other plants already studied for building use. This study presents the different properties focussing on Phragmites australis chemical composition, hydrophobicity nature and how this character could be explained. To that end, wettability and also water adsorption measurements were carried out on plant flour and aggregates in comparison to miscanthus, wood and hemp shiv properties. Formulations based on reeds of different origins and using different binders (lime and earth) were tested in compression and with thermal conductivity measurements in order to evaluate the behaviour of the reed as a material for building use.
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"Polymer-Modified Concrete Overlays on Industrial Asphalt Floors." In SP-166: Properties and Uses of Polymers in Concrete. American Concrete Institute, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/1402.

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Scuderi, Giuliana. "Seashells and Oyster Shells: Biobased Fine Aggregates in Concrete Mixtures." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.146.

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The construction industry is the largest global consumer of materials, among which sand plays a fundamental role; now the second most used natural resource behind water, sand is the primary component in concrete. However, natural sand production is a slow process and sand is now consumed at a faster pace than it’s replenished. One way to reduce consumption of sand is to use alternative materials in the concrete industry. This paper reports the exploratory study on the suitability of aquaculture byproducts as fine aggregates in concrete mixtures. Seashell grit, seashell flour and oyster flour were used as sand replacements in concrete mixtures (10%, 30% and 50% substitution rates). All the mixtures were characterized in fresh and hardened states (workability, air content, compressive strength and water absorption). Based on compressive strength, measured at 7 and 28 days, seashell grit provided the most promising results: the compressive strength was found to be larger than for conventional concrete. Moreover, the compressive strength of the cubes was larger, when larger percentages of seashell grit were used, with the highest value obtained for 50% substitution. However, for oyster flour and seashell flour, only 10% sand substitution provided results comparable with the control mixture. For the three aggregates, workability of concrete decreases with fineness modulus decrease. For mixtures in which shell and oyster flour were used with 30% and 50% substitution percentages, it was necessary to increase the quantity of mixing water to allow a minimal workability. In conclusion, considering the promising results of the seashell grit, it is suggested to study further the characteristic of the material, also considering its environmental and physical properties, including acoustic and thermal performances. Higher substitution percentages should also be investigated. This research adds to the relevant literature in matter of biobased concrete, aiming at finding new biobased sustainable alternatives in the concrete industry.
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Seng, Billy, Camille Magniont, Sandra Spagnol, and Sylvie Lorente. "Evaluation of Hemp Concrete Thermal Properties." In 2016 Intl IEEE Conferences on Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced and Trusted Computing, Scalable Computing and Communications, Cloud and Big Data Computing, Internet of People, and Smart World Congress (UIC/ATC/ScalCom/CBDCom/IoP/SmartWorld). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uic-atc-scalcom-cbdcom-iop-smartworld.2016.0154.

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Jovanović, Balša, Negar Elhami Khorasani, Thomas Thienpont, Ranjit Kumar Chaudhary, and Ruben Van Coile. "Probabilistic models for thermal properties of concrete." In 11th International Conference on Structures in Fire (SiF2020). Brisbane, Australia: The University of Queensland, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/363ff91.

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"Thermal Stresses in Polymer Concrete Overlays." In SP-166: Properties and Uses of Polymers in Concrete. American Concrete Institute, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/1383.

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Albero, Vicente, Ana Espinós, Enrique Serra, Manuel L. Romero, and Antonio Hospitaler. "Experimental study on the thermal behaviour of fire exposed slim-floor beams." In 12th international conference on ‘Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures’ - ASCCS 2018. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/asccs2018.2018.8288.

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Steel-concrete composite beams embedded in floors (slim-floors) offer various advantages such as the floor thickness reduction or the ease of installation of under-floor technical equipment. However, this typology presents important differences in terms of thermal behaviour, as compared to other composite beams, when exposed to elevated temperatures. These differences are due to their special configuration, being totally contained within the concrete floor depth. Moreover, the current European fire design code for composite steel-concrete structures (EN 1994-1-2) does not provide any simplified thermal model to evaluate the temperature evolution of each slim-floor part during a fire. Additionally, only a few experimental studies can be found which may help understand the thermal behaviour of these composite beams. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the thermal behaviour of slim-floor beams. Electrical radiative panels were used in the test setup to produce the thermal heating. The thermal gap between the lower flange of the steel profile and the bottom steel plate was studied, being found to be one of the most influential elements over the cross-section temperature gradient. The experimental campaign was developed by varying the cross-section configuration in order to evaluate the influence of this parameter over the slim-floor thermal behavior. Finally, the experiments carried out were used to develop and calibrate a finite element thermal model which may help in further research on the thermal behaviour of slim-floor composite beams.
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Kobus, Chris J., and J. David Schall. "Thermal Properties of a Concrete Aerogel Paste Composite." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88660.

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This paper details the design of an experiment to indirectly measure the thermal conductivity, k, of prototype samples consisting of various mixtures of aerogel and concrete for the purpose of better insulative value and lighter weight. A “hot box” apparatus was designed based on ASTM C1363. It was constructed primarily out of 2” rigid extruded polystyrene insulation and designed to force the majority of the heat generated in the enclosure through the concrete composite test samples. Several samples with well documented k values were tested to calibrate the apparatus. After calibration, three prototype aerogel composite samples were tested. The results showed that the higher the ratio of aerogel to concrete yielded a lower thermal conductivity as would be expected. The sample with no aerogel yielded a k-value of 0.0936 Btu/hrft°F, whereas a sample with 1.5 parts of aerogel-to-concrete mix yielded a 0.0488 Btu/hrftoF k-value. The average uncertainty is ± 28.8%. This is a first step in determining the feasibility of this unique composite concrete mix into new and existing construction.
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Pecháčková, Kateřina, Pavel Florian, Zbyšek Pavlík, and Oldřich Zmeškal. "Thermal properties of high performance fiber reinforced concrete." In THERMOPHYSICS 2018: 23rd International Meeting of Thermophysics 2018. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5047631.

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Reports on the topic "Floors, Concrete Thermal properties"

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Baral, Aniruddha, Jeffery Roesler, and Junryu Fu. Early-age Properties of High-volume Fly Ash Concrete Mixes for Pavement: Volume 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-031.

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High-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) is more cost-efficient, sustainable, and durable than conventional concrete. This report presents a state-of-the-art review of HVFAC properties and different fly ash characterization methods. The main challenges identified for HVFAC for pavements are its early-age properties such as air entrainment, setting time, and strength gain, which are the focus of this research. Five fly ash sources in Illinois have been repeatedly characterized through x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, and laser diffraction over time. The fly ash oxide compositions from the same source but different quarterly samples were overall consistent with most variations observed in SO3 and MgO content. The minerals present in various fly ash sources were similar over multiple quarters, with the mineral content varying. The types of carbon present in the fly ash were also characterized through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, loss on ignition, and foam index tests. A new computer vision–based digital foam index test was developed to automatically capture and quantify a video of the foam layer for better operator and laboratory reliability. The heat of hydration and setting times of HVFAC mixes for different cement and fly ash sources as well as chemical admixtures were investigated using an isothermal calorimeter. Class C HVFAC mixes had a higher sulfate imbalance than Class F mixes. The addition of chemical admixtures (both PCE- and lignosulfonate-based) delayed the hydration, with the delay higher for the PCE-based admixture. Both micro- and nano-limestone replacement were successful in accelerating the setting times, with nano-limestone being more effective than micro-limestone. A field test section constructed of HVFAC showed the feasibility and importance of using the noncontact ultrasound device to measure the final setting time as well as determine the saw-cutting time. Moreover, field implementation of the maturity method based on wireless thermal sensors demonstrated its viability for early opening strength, and only a few sensors with pavement depth are needed to estimate the field maturity.
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Roberson, Madeleine, Kathleen Inman, Ashley Carey, Isaac Howard, and Jameson Shannon. Probabilistic neural networks that predict compressive strength of high strength concrete in mass placements using thermal history. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44483.

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This study explored the use of artificial neural networks to predict UHPC compressive strengths given thermal history and key mix components. The model developed herein employs Bayesian variational inference using Monte Carlo dropout to convey prediction uncertainty using 735 datapoints on seven UHPC mixtures collected using a variety of techniques. Datapoints contained a measured compressive strength along with three curing inputs (specimen maturity, maximum temperature experienced during curing, time of maximum temperature) and five mixture inputs to distinguish each UHPC mixture (cement type, silicon dioxide content, mix type, water to cementitious material ratio, and admixture dosage rate). Input analysis concluded that predictions were more sensitive to curing inputs than mixture inputs. On average, 8.2% of experimental results in the final model fell outside of the predicted range with 67.9%of these cases conservatively underpredicting. The results support that this model methodology is able to make sufficient probabilistic predictions within the scope of the provided dataset but is not for extrapolating beyond the training data. In addition, the model was vetted using various datasets obtained from literature to assess its versatility. Overall this model is a promising advancement towards predicting mechanical properties of high strength concrete with known uncertainties.
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Baral, Aniruddha, Jeffrey Roesler, M. Ley, Shinhyu Kang, Loren Emerson, Zane Lloyd, Braden Boyd, and Marllon Cook. High-volume Fly Ash Concrete for Pavements Findings: Volume 1. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-030.

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High-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) has improved durability and sustainability properties at a lower cost than conventional concrete, but its early-age properties like strength gain, setting time, and air entrainment can present challenges for application to concrete pavements. This research report helps with the implementation of HVFAC for pavement applications by providing guidelines for HVFAC mix design, testing protocols, and new tools for better quality control of HVFAC properties. Calorimeter tests were performed to evaluate the effects of fly ash sources, cement–fly ash interactions, chemical admixtures, and limestone replacement on the setting times and hydration reaction of HVFAC. To better target the initial air-entraining agent dosage for HVFAC, a calibration curve between air-entraining dosage for achieving 6% air content and fly ash foam index test has been developed. Further, a digital foam index test was developed to make this test more consistent across different labs and operators. For a more rapid prediction of hardened HVFAC properties, such as compressive strength, resistivity, and diffusion coefficient, an oxide-based particle model was developed. An HVFAC field test section was also constructed to demonstrate the implementation of a noncontact ultrasonic device for determining the final set time and ideal time to initiate saw cutting. Additionally, a maturity method was successfully implemented that estimates the in-place compressive strength of HVFAC through wireless thermal sensors. An HVFAC mix design procedure using the tools developed in this project such as the calorimeter test, foam index test, and particle-based model was proposed to assist engineers in implementing HVFAC pavements.
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Wei, Fulu, Ce Wang, Xiangxi Tian, Shuo Li, and Jie Shan. Investigation of Durability and Performance of High Friction Surface Treatment. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317281.

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The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) completed a total of 25 high friction surface treatment (HFST) projects across the state in 2018. This research study attempted to investigate the durability and performance of HFST in terms of its HFST-pavement system integrity and surface friction performance. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the physical and mechanical properties of epoxy-bauxite mortar. Field inspections were carried out to identify site conditions and common early HFST distresses. Cyclic loading test and finite element method (FEM) analysis were performed to evaluate the bonding strength between HFST and existing pavement, in particular chip seal with different pretreatments such as vacuum sweeping, shotblasting, and scarification milling. Both surface friction and texture tests were undertaken periodically (generally once every 6 months) to evaluate the surface friction performance of HFST. Crash records over a 5-year period, i.e., 3 years before installation and 2 years after installation, were examined to determine the safety performance of HFST, crash modification factor (CMF) in particular. It was found that HFST epoxy-bauxite mortar has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) significantly higher than those of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures and Portland cement concrete (PCC), and good cracking resistance. The most common early HFST distresses in Indiana are reflective cracking, surface wrinkling, aggregate loss, and delamination. Vacuum sweeping is the optimal method for pretreating existing pavements, chip seal in particular. Chip seal in good condition is structurally capable of providing a sound base for HFST. On two-lane highway curves, HFST is capable of reducing the total vehicle crash by 30%, injury crash by 50%, and wet weather crash by 44%, and providing a CMF of 0.584 in Indiana. Great variability may arise in the results of friction tests on horizontal curves by the use of locked wheel skid tester (LWST) due both to the nature of vehicle dynamics and to the operation of test vehicle. Texture testing, however, is capable of providing continuous texture measurements that can be used to calculate a texture height parameter, i.e., mean profile depth (MPD), not only for evaluating friction performance but also implementing quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) plans for HFST.
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FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION FOR ULTRA-HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE-FILLED DOUBLE-SKIN TUBES EXPOSED TO FIRE. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.263.

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Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) or ultra-high-strength concrete (UHSC) are alternatively used to reduce construction materials, thereby achieving more sustainable constructions. Moreover, engaging the advantages of concrete cores and outer steel tubes in concrete-filled steel tubes (CFST) or ductile concrete-filled double-skin tubes (CFDST) is of great interest for the better performance of such members under fire. Nevertheless, current design provisions do not provide design models for UHPC-filled double-skin tubes under fire, and existing finite-element (FE) methodologies available in the literature may not accurately simulate the behaviour of CFDST exposed to fire. Therefore, this paper develops a comprehensive FE protocol implementing the scripting technique to model CFDST members for heat transfer and coupled (simultaneously or sequentially) thermal-stress analyses. Various modelling parameters incorporated in the proposed FE routine include the cross-sectional geometry (circular, elliptical, hexagonal, octagonal, and rectangular), the size (width, diameter, and wall thickness), interactions, meshing, thermal- and mechanical-material properties, and boundary conditions. The detailed algorithm for heat transfer analysis is presented and elaborated via a flow chart. Validations, verifications, and robustness of the developed FE models are established based on extensive comparison studies with existing fire tests available in the literature. As a result, and to recognize the value of the current FE methodology, an extensive parametric study is conducted for different affecting parameters (e.g., nominal steel ratio, hollowness ratio, concrete cylindrical strength, yield strength of metal tubes, and width-to-thickness ratio). Extensive FE results are used for optimizing the fire design of such members. Consequently, a simplified and accurate analytical model that can provide the axial load capacity of CFDST columns under different fire ratings is presented
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