Academic literature on the topic 'Floods Victoria'
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Journal articles on the topic "Floods Victoria"
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Erskine, Wayne D., Lisa M. Turner, and Teresa A. Rose. "Sedimentological and geomorphological effects of the 1997 and 1998 flood sequence on the Lower Snowy River, Victoria." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 128, no. 2 (2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs16010.
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Three floods with flood peak ratios (peak discharge/mean annual flood) ranging between 0.65 and 5.35 occurred on the lower Snowy River in Victoria between June 1997 and August 1998. The June 1998 flood was the largest event downstream of the Rodger River junction where the flood peak ratio was >4. Pre- and post-flood investigations were carried out at the three Snowy River benchmarking sites in Victoria (McKillops Bridge, Sandy Point and Bete Bolong) to determine the impact of the floods on channel-boundary sediments and morphology. Few significant changes in graphic grain-size statistics for channel-boundary sediments were found at McKillops Bridge and Sandy Point. At Bete Bolong, there were many significant changes in the grain-size statistics of both the bed material and bank sediment. The variance and mean of a number of benchfull and bankfull channel morphologic parameters (width, area, mean depth, maximum depth, width‒maximum depth ratio) did not change significantly at McKillops Bridge and Sandy Point. At Bete Bolong, benchfull mean depth and area increased significantly due to bed degradation. Floods with a flood peak ratio of at least 4 are important for mobilising channel-boundary sediments and hence modifying channel morphology on the lower Snowy River.
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Monson, Rebecca. "The 1998 Floods in the Tambo Valley." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 22, no. 3 (November 2004): 61–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072700402200305.
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This paper examines the flood event of June 1998 and its effect on residents of the upper Tambo Valley, in Victoria south east Australia. While the concept of vulnerability has been widely employed to understand disasters, this case study is unique in that it adopts a long-term historical perspective of vulnerability. It shows that rather than being the result of a chance occurrence of a natural event, the 1998 flood disaster was in fact foreseeable, and the culmination of various social, political, economic and environmental pressures, some of which had existed for well over a century.
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Hughes, Lesley, and Will Steffen. "Climate change in Victoria: trends, predictions and impacts." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 125, no. 1 (2013): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs13003.
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Australia’s climate is changing, consistent with global trends. Continental average temperatures have increased nearly 1°C since the early 20th century, with warming accelerating since the 1950s. The number of extreme hot days is increasing, whereas the number of cold days and frosts is decreasing. With an average temperature over 1.0°C above the long-term mean, 2005 was Australia’s warmest year on record; 2009 was the second warmest year on record. The decade 2000–2009 was Australia’s warmest. Rainfall has been decreasing in the south-west and south-east of Australia, but increasing in the north-west. The ocean is warming and sea levels are rising, consistent with global averages. Consistent with global and national trends, Victoria’s climate is already changing and will continue to do so, posing significant risks to the State. Over the past few decades Victoria has become hotter and drier, and these trends are likely to continue, together with an increasing intensity and/or frequency of extreme events, such as heatwaves, droughts, bushfires and floods, posing significant risks to the State’s infrastructure, coasts, ecosystems, agriculture and health.
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Williams, Martin A. J. "A river flowing through a desert: late Quaternary environments in the Nile basin – current understanding and unresolved questions." Journal of Palaeosciences 70, no. (1-2) (September 10, 2021): 267–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2021.22.
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Late Quaternary environments in the Nile Basin reflect the influence of the African summer monsoon upon plant cover, sediment yield and flood discharge in the Ethiopian and Ugandan headwaters of the Nile. Intervals of prolonged and very high Nile flow coincide with times of stronger summer monsoon and have been dated using a combination of 14C, OSL and 10Be methods. Periods of high Nile flow into the eastern Mediterranean coincide with the formation of highly organic sedimentary layers termed sapropels. Ages obtained so far for these times of sustained middle to late Pleistocene high flow in the Blue and White Nile are broadly coeval with sapropel beds S8 (ca 217 ka), S7 (ca 195 ka), S6 (ca 172 ka), S5 (ca 124 ka), S4 (ca 102 ka) S3 (ca 81 ka), S2 (ca 55–50 ka) and S1 (10–6.5 ka). Sapropel 5 (ca 124 ka) was synchronous with extreme Blue Nile floods and the formation of the 386 m lake in the lower White Nile Valley, as well as with a prolonged wet phase in the eastern Sahara. Fluctuations in Nile flow and sapropel formation reflect the influence of the precessional cycle upon the East African monsoon.
Between 75 ka and 19 ka the climate in the Nile headwaters region became progressively colder and drier. During the Last Glacial Maximum, Lake Tana in Ethiopia and Lake Victoria in Uganda became dry, flow in the White Nile was reduced to a trickle, and the Blue Nile and Atbara became highly seasonal bed–load rivers. The return of the summer monsoon at 14.5 ka ushered in extreme Blue Nile floods, widespread flooding across the Nile Basin and the formation of the 382 m lake in the lower White Nile Valley. There was a brief return to aridity during the Younger Dryas (12.8–11.5 ka), after which the climate again became wetter and widespread flooding in the Nile Valley resumed. The early Holocene floods were later followed by incision and creation of the modern relatively narrow flood plain.
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Rainbird, Robert H. "Anatomy of a large-scale braid-plain quartzarenite from the Neoproterozoic Shaler Group, Victoria Island, Northwest Territories, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 2537–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-201.
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The Neoproterozoic Kuujjua Formation is an up to 120 m thick, texturally submature quartzarenite typified by laterally persistent tabular planar cosets of simple and compound planar crossbedding, intercalated with rare, thin dolomitic siltstone lenses up to tens of kilometres wide. It is interpreted as the deposit of a big river, occupying a braid plain, at least 150 km wide, which flowed into the Amundsen Basin from the southeast. The dominant elements of this deposit are stacked tabular and laterally continuous compound crossbeds, interpreted as very large channel forms, which migrated mainly by lateral accretion of superposed small- to moderate-scale two-dimensional dunes. Simple planar crossbedding represents moderate to large two-dimensional periodic bedforms deposited in channels. Rare trough crossbedding represents three-dimensional dunes, which probably were deposited in narrow low-stage chutes that cut across the larger bedforms. Dolomitic siltstone lenses are interpreted as deposits of large flood basin playa lakes that were periodically rejuvenated by river floods. Unrestricted migration of the channels back and forth across the braid plain reworked many of the thin lake deposits and produced the observed multistoried sandstone sheet geometry. A prevailing arid climate is indicated by the occurrence of evaporite casts and pseudomorphs in the flood-basin deposits. The Kuujjua Formation shares features with deposits of the Brahmaputra River; however, there appear to be no modern analogues for the thick, large-scale braided-stream deposits that characterized many Proterozoic cratonic basins.
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Zalnezhad, Amir, Ataur Rahman, Mehdi Vafakhah, Bijan Samali, and Farhad Ahamed. "Regional Flood Frequency Analysis Using the FCM-ANFIS Algorithm: A Case Study in South-Eastern Australia." Water 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14101608.
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Regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA) is widely used to estimate design floods in ungauged catchments. Both linear and non-linear methods are adopted in RFFA. The development of the non-linear RFFA method Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) using data from 181 gauged catchments in south-eastern Australia is presented in this study. Three different types of ANFIS models, Fuzzy C-mean (FCM), Subtractive Clustering (SC), and Grid Partitioning (GP) were adopted, and the results were compared with the Quantile Regression Technique (QRT). It was found that FCM performs better (with relative error (RE) values in the range of 38–60%) than the SC (RE of 44–69%) and GP (RE of 42–78%) models. The FCM performs better for smaller to medium ARIs (2 to 20 years) (ARI of five years having the best performance), and in New South Wales, over Victoria. In many aspects, the QRT and FCM models perform very similarly. These developed RFFA models can be used in south-eastern Australia to derive more accurate flood quantiles. The developed method can easily be adapted to other parts of Australia and other countries. The results of this study will assist in updating the Australian Rainfall Runoff (national guide)-recommended RFFA technique.
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Nobert, Joel, Margaret Mugo, and Hussein Gadain. "Estimation of design floods in ungauged catchments using a regional index flood method. A case study of Lake Victoria Basin in Kenya." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 67-69 (2014): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2014.02.001.
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Khan, S. I., P. Adhikari, Y. Hong, H. Vergara, R. F Adler, F. Policelli, D. Irwin, T. Korme, and L. Okello. "Hydroclimatology of Lake Victoria region using hydrologic model and satellite remote sensing data." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 1 (January 14, 2011): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-107-2011.
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Abstract. Study of hydro-climatology at a range of temporal scales is important in understanding and ultimately mitigating the potential severe impacts of hydrological extreme events such as floods and droughts. Using daily in-situ data over the last two decades combined with the recently available multiple-years satellite remote sensing data, we analyzed and simulated, with a distributed hydrologic model, the hydro-climatology in Nzoia, one of the major contributing sub-basins of Lake Victoria in the East African highlands. The basin, with a semi arid climate, has no sustained base flow contribution to Lake Victoria. The short spell of high discharge showed that rain is the prime cause of floods in the basin. There is only a marginal increase in annual mean discharge over the last 21 years. The 2-, 5- and 10- year peak discharges, for the entire study period showed that more years since the mid 1990's have had high peak discharges despite having relatively less annual rain. The study also presents the hydrologic model calibration and validation results over the Nzoia basin. The spatiotemporal variability of the water cycle components were quantified using a hydrologic model, with in-situ and multi-satellite remote sensing datasets. The model is calibrated using daily observed discharge data for the period between 1985 and 1999, for which model performance is estimated with a Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSCE) of 0.87 and 0.23% bias. The model validation showed an error metrics with NSCE of 0.65 and 1.04% bias. Moreover, the hydrologic capability of satellite precipitation (TRMM-3B42 V6) is evaluated. In terms of reconstruction of the water cycle components the spatial distribution and time series of modeling results for precipitation and runoff showed considerable agreement with the monthly model runoff estimates and gauge observations. Runoff values responded to precipitation events that occurred across the catchment during the wet season from March to early June. The spatially distributed model inputs, states, and outputs, were found to be useful for understanding the hydrologic behavior at the catchment scale. The monthly peak runoff is observed in the months of April, May and November. The analysis revealed a linear relationship between rainfall and runoff for both wet and dry seasons. Satellite precipitation forcing data showed the potential to be used not only for the investigation of water balance but also for addressing issues pertaining to sustainability of the resources at the catchment scale.
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Parkinson, Debra, Alyssa Duncan, Jaspreet Kaur, Frank Archer, and Caroline Spencer. "Gendered aspects of long-term disaster resilience in Victoria, Australia." January 2022 10.47389/37, no. 37.1 (January 2022): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47389/37.1.59.
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Research conducted in 2018 documented the disaster experiences of 56 women and men in Australia aged between 18 and 93 years. This paper draws out the gendered factors that affected their resilience, and in so doing, begins to address the dearth of research related to gendered aspects of long-term disaster resilience. It is unique in capturing the voices of survivors who spoke of events 9 years after the 2009 Black Saturday fires and of earlier fires and floods in Victoria more than 50 years ago, including the 1983 Ash Wednesday fires. Over decades, gendered expectations of men and women significantly hindered resilience. Men spoke of the long-term cost to them of demands to ‘be strong’ in the worst of disasters and reasons they were reluctant to seek help afterwards. Women spoke of their contributions holding a lesser value and of discrimination. Discussions of violence against women and children after disaster, and suicide ideation in anticipation of future disasters offered critical insights. Protective factors identified by informants were not wholly intrinsic to their character but were also physical, such as essential resources provided in the immediate aftermath, and psychological and community support offered in the long-term. Factors that helped resilience departed from the ‘masculine’ model of coping post-disaster by moving away from a refusal to admit trauma and suffering, to community-wide resilience bolstered by widespread emotional, social and psychological support. Genuine community planning for disasters before they strike builds trust and offers insights for emergency management planners.
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Tryhorn, Lee, Amanda Lynch, Rebecca Abramson, and Kevin Parkyn. "On the Meteorological Mechanisms Driving Postfire Flash Floods: A Case Study." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 5 (May 1, 2008): 1778–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr2218.1.
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Abstract This paper describes work to improve the understanding of the broad range of factors affecting the occurrence of postfire flooding, with emphasis on an event that occurred in the Alpine Shire, Victoria, Australia, in 2003. Analysis and mesoscale modeling of the conditions surrounding the event suggests that the drivers of the extreme rainfall event were above-average precipitable water in the atmosphere, significant values of CAPE, producing strong updrafts within the thunderstorm capable of supporting large quantities of suspended water droplets, and thunderstorm cell regeneration in the same area. However, atmospheric instability was further enhanced by anabatic breezes, above-average boundary layer moisture, and increased surface heating resulting from reduced surface albedo and soil moisture of the recently burned fire surface. Flash flooding resulted, due to 1) the storm cells likely being pulse wet microbursts, 2) cell regeneration over the same area (very little horizontal movement), and 3) the small catchment size. It is likely that a further contributor to the observed flash flood was the reduced infiltration often observed in recently burned catchments; these factors will be explored in a subsequent hydrologic study. It is intended that the mechanisms elucidated in this study will assist in emergency preparedness in the Alpine Shire. Given the warmer conditions expected with near-term anthropogenic climate change for the Alpine Shire, and the concomitant increase in fires, this causal relationship, even for a relatively rare event, has implications for emergency managers and Alpine Shire residents.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Floods Victoria"
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Haddad, Khaled. "Design flood estimation for ungauged catchments in Victoria ordinary & generalised least squares methods compared /." View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/30369.
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Thesis (M.Eng. (Hons.)) -- University of Western Sydney, 2008.A thesis submitted towards the degree of Master of Engineering (Honours) in the University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, School of Engineering. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ballinger, Andrea Alleyne. "Influence of habitat variability on macroinvertebrate biodiversity in river red gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis floodplain forest." Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5768.
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Argent, Robert Murray. "Dendroclimatological investigation of river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnhardt)." Connect to thesis Access electronic version, 1995. http://thesis.lib.unimelb.edu.au/adt-root/public/adt-VU2001.0019/index.html.
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Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [279]-287) This thesis examines the growth ring structure of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnhardt and investigates links between ring features and the climatic conditions under which growth took place. Samples of E. camaldulensis from the Barmah Forest (near the River Murray in northern Victoria) were used in the study. E. camaldulensis growth is linked to periodic flooding, and the Barmah Forest contains sites that are frequently flooded. Wood samples were obtained from sites subject to different average flooding frequencies. Trees used in the study grew out of natural regeneration in the 1920's and 1930's and from regeneration trials in the early 1960's. Initial investigation of E. camaldulensis samples revealed ring-like features that were able to be traced on samples by eye. Microscopic investigation showed that there existed considerable variations in the properties of individual rings at different positions on the samples, and that the boundaries between rings were often indistinct. Further examination of E. camaldulensis microstructure was performed on samples from two trees that grew on sites with significantly different flooding regimes. These samples possessed features that formed rings, with rings being successfully matched between samples taken from different heights in the trees. As the complex microstructure of E. camaldulensis did not lend itself to standard dendroclimatological techniques, methods were developed to facilitate the comparison and matching of rings. These methods were also used in the successful matching of ring patterns with the output from a simple climate-based tree growth model. Two sets of E. camaldulensis samples (BS1, with 33 samples, and BS2, with 39 samples) were studied to assess the level of individual variability in ring patterns, and to provide a representative ring pattern for climate comparison. Following the development of methods for identifying samples with similar ring patterns, a subset of similar samples was selected from the BS1 set. A member of this subset was selected to provide a ring-width pattern upon which a representative pattern of ring features for BS1 was based. The rings of the BS2 samples possessed poorer ring definition than the BS1 samples and provided no new or different information. Consequently, the representative ring pattern for BS1 was used in a dendroclimatological investigation for the site. The ring pattern was matched with the output from two tree growth event models. Although rings were matched with growth events over a 27 year period, the high variability of individual ring features prevented matching of particular types of ring features with particular types of climatic events. An investigation of numerical methods for matching ring patterns with ring or growth event patterns, and for identifying samples with similar ring patterns, was performed using signal smoothing and filtering techniques and a dynamic time-warping procedure. Ring matching and identification of similar ring patterns was found to be most successful on samples where the ring patterns, expressed as continuous signals, had similar mean and amplitude values. The techniques were unsuccessful in the matching of signals of different form, such as continuous ring pattern signals and discontinuous growth event signals.
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Phoon, Syin Yi. "Application of global circulation model results on hydrological conceptual models that simulate future river flows feeding Lake Victoria, East Africa." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443641.
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Dell'Oro, Trent Arthur. "Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotope and trace element geochemistry of the Natkusiak Formation continental flood basalts of the Neoproterozoic Franklin large igneous province, Victoria Island, Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43518.
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The Neoproterozoic (ca. 723 Ma) Franklin large igneous province (LIP) located on Victoria Island, Arctic Canada, consists of the Natkusiak Formation continental flood basalts and a sill-dominated feeder system exposed in the Minto Inlier. The Franklin LIP is temporally linked with the breakup of Laurentia from Siberia and the Sturtian glaciation or “Snowball Earth”. Recent mapping shows that the Natkusiak Formation, preserved in two lobes (northern and southern), has a thin basal unit, ~50 m thick, followed by two ~500 m thick cycles (1 and 2) of basaltic sheet-flows. Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic compositions, major element oxides, and trace element concentrations of the Natkusiak basalts allow for the characterization of mantle source components and the extent of crustal contamination. Four geochemical groups (southern low- and high-Ti basalts; northern low- and high-Ti basalts) are defined. The basal basalts (low-Ti, 1.0-1.2 wt.% TiO₂) are distinguished from the overlying cycle 1 and 2 basalts (high-Ti, 1.2-1.8 wt.% TiO₂). The high-Ti basalts are characterized by a narrow range in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sri (0.7027-0.7045), high εNdi and εHfi, and relatively low ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pbi, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pbi, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pbi compared to the low-Ti basalts (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sri = 0.7033-0.7057). The northern (low- and high-Ti) basalts are isotopically distinct from the southern (low- and high-Ti) basalts with lower εNdi values for a given ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sri. The chemistry of the coeval Franklin intrusions mainly overlaps that of the northern basalts and they show only limited isotopic correlation with the southern basalts, which indicates that the southern basalts were fed from a separate feeder system. Significant major and trace element and isotopic differences between the low- and high-Ti basalts are inconsistent with the effects of crustal contamination and are related to different mantle source compositions, with a garnet-bearing source for the low-Ti basalts and a spinel-bearing source for the high-Ti basalts. A shift in mantle source region, likely reflected by an episode of syn-volcanic extension, occurred after the emplacement of the low-Ti basalts, which represent the earliest volcanic products of the Franklin LIP.
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Bickert, Stefanie. "Floras rastlose Töchter hinter dem Gartentor : die Entwicklung weiblichen Selbstbewusstseins im Hausgarten des 19. Jahrhunderts." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6817/.
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Die Dissertation untersucht von Autorinnen (Louisa Johnson, Jane Loudon, Maria Theresa Earle, Gertrude Jekyll, Elizabeth von Arnim) verfasste Ratgeberliteratur zum Hausgarten für ein weibliches Lesepublikum, mit dem Anspruch an eine praktische Gartentätigkeit, im Zeitraum von 1839 bis 1900. Die Genderperspektive steht hieraus folgend im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit. Der Fokus auf die bürgerliche Mittelklasse ergibt sich aus der Autorinnenperspektive und der angesprochenen Leserschaft. Die Behandlung des Gartens wird einer Analyse unterzogen, die nach der weiblichen Sicht auf den Garten und einem spezifisch weiblichen Selbstverständnis der garteninteressierten bzw. gärtnernden Frauen fragt.
In ihrer Beschäftigung mit dem Garten leisten die Frauen einen Beitrag zur Konzeption von männlich und weiblich, zur Bewertung von Geschlechternormen und deren Verhandlung. Das Schreiben und Lesen über den Garten sowie hieraus resultierende Handlungen waren mit der Konstruktion weiblicher Identität verknüpft. In ihrer befreienden Konzeption des Gartens heben sich diese Frauenstimmen zu Weiblichkeitsvorstellungen von anderen gesellschaftlichen zugeschriebenen Wirkungsbereichen ab. An die bürgerliche Frau herangetragene Rollenerwartungen werden in den Werken weder affirmativ bestätigt noch offen subversiv hinterfragt. Es handelt sich vielmehr um ein subtiles Unterlaufen durch das Anbieten von Handlungsfeldern, die dem Wunsch nach Selbstverwirklichung und Selbstbestimmung entgegen kamen. Im Garten als vermeintlich kleinem, hausnah-restriktivem Kontext nehmen die Frauen neue Rollen an und variieren diese. Der Beschäftigung mit dem Garten kommt daher ein protofeministischer Charakter vor dem Einsetzen der Ersten Frauenbewegung zu, so dass von einem Gartenfeminismus als Instrument zur weiblichen Bewusstwerdung gesprochen werden kann.The thesis takes a close look at gardening literature by several women writer’s (Louisa Johnson, Jane Loudon, Maria Theresa Earle, Gertrude Jekyll, Elizabeth von Arnim) in the Victorian period, focusing on practical gardening activities. Central to its theme is its gender perspective within the garden context, predominantly in the middle classes. The garden is analysed in various contexts focusing on a specific female view on gardening as seen in the texts and a growing female self-awareness that results from their involvement with the garden. In making the garden their subject, these writers actively construct notions of male and female. Writing and reading about the garden and the resulting practices are linked to the construction of a female identity and ultimately open up gender roles. The liberating construction of the garden within the texts differs from the conception of other socially accepted areas of female involvement in the period of examination. Received gender roles are neither overtly affirmed nor subversively challenged in the texts. Their approach is more of a subtle reconstruction by offering a new and wider range of activities that acknowledge a female desire for self-determination and fulfilment. In the garden as an allegedly small and restrictive site close to the home, women are able to diversify given stereotypes and take on new roles. Gardening as a leisure or professional occupation therefore holds proto-feminist implications even before the beginning of the First Women’s Movement, so that we can speak of a garden feminism instrumental to a negotiation of female gender roles.
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Haddad, Khaled, University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, and School of Engineering. "Design flood estimation for ungauged catchments in Victoria : ordinary and generalised least squares methods compared." 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/30369.
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Design flood estimation in small to medium sized ungauged catchments is frequently required in hydrologic analysis and design and is of notable economic significance. For this task Australian Rainfall and Runoff (ARR) 1987, the National Guideline for Design Flow Estimation, recommends the Probabilistic Rational Method (PRM) for general use in South- East Australia. However, there have been recent developments that indicated significant potential to provide more meaningful and accurate design flood estimation in small to medium sized ungauged catchments. These include the L moments based index flood method and a range of quantile regression techniques. This thesis focuses on the quantile regression techniques and compares two methods: ordinary least squares (OLS) and generalised least squares (GLS) based regression techniques. It also makes comparison with the currently recommended Probabilistic Rational Method. The OLS model is used by hydrologists to estimate the parameters of regional hydrological models. However, more recent studies have indicated that the parameter estimates are usually unstable and that the OLS procedure often violates the assumption of homoskedasticity. The GLS based regression procedure accounts for the varying sampling error, correlation between concurrent flows, correlations between the residuals and the fitted quantiles and model error in the regional model, thus one would expect more accurate flood quantile estimation by this method. This thesis uses data from 133 catchments in the state of Victoria to develop prediction equations involving readily obtainable catchment characteristics data. The GLS regression procedure is explored further by carrying out a 4-stage generalised least squares analysis where the development of the prediction equations is based on relating hydrological statistics such as mean flows, standard deviations, skewness and flow quantiles to catchment characteristics. This study also presents the validation of the two techniques by carrying out a split-sample validation on a set of independent test catchments. The PRM is also tested by deriving an updated PRM technique with the new data set and carrying out a split sample validation on the test catchments. The results show that GLS based regression provides more accurate design flood estimates than the OLS regression procedure and the PRM. Based on the average variance of prediction, standard error of estimate, traditional statistics and new statistics, rankings and the median relative error values, the GLS method provided more accurate flood frequency estimates especially for the smaller catchments in the range of 1-300 km2. The predictive ability of the GLS model is also evident in the regression coefficient values when comparing with the OLS method. However, the performance of the PRM method, particularly for the larger catchments appears to be satisfactory as well.Master of Engineering (Honours)
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Shaamhula, Loide Victoria. "Community response to annual flooding and Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRR) : the case of Oshakati Town / Loide Victoria Shaamhula." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15547.
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Disaster risk Reduction (DRR) is well known and practiced in many nations.
Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRR) is a sub-component of DRR
which is slowly being practiced in most at risk communities. However, there are still
gaps regarding the principles and guidelines that guide the process of CBDRR. This
study stipulates numerous guiding principles that govern the processes of CBDRR
activities. These are: traditional knowledge, understanding of community members,
capacity of community members, community participation, political will and training of
community members. Furthermore the study used the guidelines to evaluate which
activities by the Oshakati community members relate to the principles and guidelines
of CBDRR as a way of reducing the risk of recurring floods in the community.
Through focus group discussions and semi-structured individual interviews, it was
found that the community members in Oshakati adhere to most principles of CBDRR
such as the use of traditional knowledge, community members having the capacity to
work together to solve common societal problems and to understand community
structures. However, guidelines such as community participation, political will and
training of community members were not adhered to due to various challenges such
as the lack of institutional capacity and limited resources. The findings further
stipulate that those guidelines were not adhered to due to inadequate knowledge on
DRR and lack of support from the local government due to limited availability of
resources. The study recommends that in order for the local government to reduce
the risk of recurring floods in the community, the local government need to build
capacity of its personnel working directly with DRR aspects. These can be achieved
through a shift in the approach of responding to flooding to being proactive, creating
awareness regarding the hazard and ensuring genuine participation of community
members into local government CBDRR activities.M Development and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Wang, Jin. "Development of a decision support system for flood forecasting and warning – a case study on the Maribyrnong River." Thesis, 2007. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/1473/.
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Floods are one of the most costly types of natural disasters in Australia and other parts of the world. It was reported that the average annual cost of flood damage in Australia was about $300 million as at 1994. However, the effects of flooding can be mitigated, and thereby reduce the loss of life and damage to property. Flood mitigation measures can be categorised into two groups. The first group, the structural measures, involves civil works in the flood plain and/or catchment. The second group, the non-structural measures, includes flood forecasting, flood warning and emergency planning, planning controls and acquisition of flood prone land within the catchment, and providing flood insurance to affected people. The flood damage mitigation in the catchment or basin depends on complex social, economical and environmental conditions. It is not always feasible to completely control or manage flood damage through structural measures due to economic, technological, environmental and social constraints. Therefore, non-structural measures such as flood forecasting and warning often play an important role in minimizing flood damage, especially, when there are no feasible structural measures that can be implemented. While planning, design, construction and operation of most structural measures can be done using definite mechanisms, the decisions of non-structural measures, especially flood forecasting and warning, are complex and are not uniquely defined. Therefore, such decisions require the aid of mathematical model results, and require both quantitative and qualitative decision modelling steps. Thus, these decisions can be effectively obtained through the use of a Decision Support System. The Decision Support Systems (DSSs) have recently become popular in making decisions related to complex water resource problems. However, the design and the development of some of these applications do not contain all essential elements of a modern-day DSS, such as effective databases and file management facilities, user-friendly interfaces, appropriate simulation models, spatial and graphical data display and analysis modules, and facilities for effective decision making. Moreover, the theory of DSS and computer science has developed rapidly since the initial development of some of these applications. Furthermore, only a few applications of DSS in flood control and warning exists in the literature. These applications cited in the literature mostly deal with planning aspects of flood control, and not real-time flood forecasting and warning. Therefore, considering the above facts, it is timely and necessary to develop an effective DSS to facilitate decision making of flood warning using all recent advances in DSS theory and computer science, and combining all necessary and desirable elements of a DSS into one system. The Maribyrnong River basin is a medium size catchment located in the northwest of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia. Its low-lying flood plains along the lower sections of the river have been frequently being inundated by floods. A flood warning system has been established in 1975 after a major flood in 1974 to minimise flood damage in the lower part of the catchment. This system uses several numerical models such as the RORB model and the HEC-2 model for flood forecasting. However, there is no single computer-based system that integrates these models to facilitate analysis of different scenarios in controlling and managing the flood damage, and in making objective and effective decisions. Furthermore, the use of these separate models is time consuming and can lead to errors in transferring information from one model to another. Therefore, a computer-based DSS for flood forecasting and warning in the Maribyrnong River basin would enhance the effectiveness of flood warning in this catchment. As part of this research, the author has defined the DSS as an interactive computer-based system that helps decision-makers to use data and models to solve semi-structured problems effectively. This DSS should allow the user to participate in principal steps of the decision making process, to simulate many steps in the process of decision making, to investigate alternative scenarios, to seek the overall goal for decision, and to improve the effectiveness of decision making. The author also suggested a DSS in water resources, which in most cases deals with spatial data display and analysis, should include five essential components: a database subsystem, a modelbase subsystem, an interface subsystem, a decision support subsystem, and a spatial and graphic data display and analysis subsystem. Most previous research work on DSS development, especially in the area of water resources do not give details of the conceptual system design and details of the subsystems. This thesis provides the details of the conceptual system designs of all subsystems and their major functions. These approaches will help further system development of the DSS of this thesis. The general concept used in this thesis can be used for DSS studies in other water resource studies and in other fields. Based on well-designed system, a unique decision support system, DSSFCMR (Decision Support System for Flood Control in the Maribyrnong River basin) was developed in this thesis to help decision making in flood forecasting and warning from data entry to search of final decisions. The DSSFCMR consists of five subsystems, namely Database Management System (DBMS), Modelbase, Spatial and Graphic Data Display and Analysis (SGDDA), Decision Support, and Interface. The DSSFCMR can consider various forecast rainfall depths in three different forecast periods. The developed Database subsystem can perform various tasks for database management related to flood warning. The URBS hydrological and HEC-RAS hydraulic models in the Modelbase subsystem are used to calculate flood hygrographs and corresponding flood water levels along the flood prone area respectively. Based on the calculated water levels, the shapefile for flood inundated area is instantly created, which is then used for spatial analysis of the flood inundated area through the developed interactive map interface. Two separate methods were developed in the SGDDA subsystem to perform spatial data display and analysis of the flood inundated area for use by different users (with different computer skills) and/or for organizations with different levels of resources. The process of complicated data transfer within DSSFCMR (e.g. the peak discharge to the flood water level, then flood water level to the shapefile of flood area) is automated by the developed system functions. The technology developed for decision choice support in this study helps to locate the required scenarios from many scenario results using the database technology. All functions are properly integrated together for the benefit of the user to make the decisions effectively. The use of DSSFCMR to provide decision support for flood forecasting and warning in the Maribyrnong River basin was illustrated. The application was on the flood event that occurred on 04 October 1983, but under 1997 topographical conditions. Essentially, the application concentrated on flood forecasting and warning decisions at a particular time during the event. The system effectively performed calibration of the URBS and HEC-RAS models, forecasting of flood hydrographs, calculation of flood water levels, spatial data display of flood inundated areas and decision selection support for flood warning at this particular time. Generally, the developed system DSSFCMR can efficiently forecast flood hydrographs and calculate the flood water levels; the process of complex data transfer is done automatically and quickly; the data can be displayed flexibly in various formats; the system is easy to use by different users with different computer skills; the user can use DSSFCMR to investigate decision making variables related to flood warning (e.g. people relocation) conveniently and quickly. In summary, this system helps the decision maker to make the decisions in relation to flood forecasting and warning in the Maribyrnong River basin effectively.
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Jensen, Christopher Allen. "A hydrologic assessment of using low impact development to mitigate the impacts of climate change in Victoria, BC, Canada." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4211.
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The purpose of this study is to determine if Low Impact Development (LID) can effectively mitigate flooding under projected climate scenarios. LID relies on runoff management measures that seek to control rainwater volume at the source by reducing imperviousness and retaining, infiltrating and reusing rainwater. An event-driven hydrologic/hydraulic model was developed to simulate how climate change, land use and LID scenarios may affect runoff response in the Bowker Creek watershed, a 10km2 urbanized catchment located in the area of greater Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The first part of the study examined flood impacts for the 2050s (2040-2069) following the A2 emissions scenario. For the 24-hour, 25-year local design storm, results show that projected changes in rainfall intensity may increase flood extents by 21% to 50%. When combined with continued urbanization flood extents may increase by 50% to 72%.
The second part of the study identified potential locations for three LID treatments (green roofs, rain gardens and top soil amendments) and simulated their effect on peak in-stream flow rates and flood volumes. Results indicate that full implementation of modeled LID treatments can alleviate the additional flooding that is associated with the median climate change projection for the 5-year, 10-year and 25-year rainfall events. For the projected 100-year event, the volume of overland flood flows is expected to increase by 1%. This compares favourably to the estimated 29% increase without LID. In term of individual performance, rain gardens had the greatest hydrologic effect during more frequent rainfall events; green roofs had minimal effect on runoff for all modelled events; and top soil amendments had the greatest effect during the heaviest rainfall events.
The cumulative performance of LID practices depends on several variables including design specifications, level of implementation, location and site conditions. Antecedent soil moisture has a considerable influence on LID performance. The dynamic nature of soil moisture means that at times LID could meet the mitigation target and at other times it may only partially satisfy it. Future research should run continuous simulations using an appropriately long rainfall record to establish the probabilities of meeting performance requirements.
In general, simulations suggest that if future heavy rainfall events follow the median climate change projection, then LID can be used to maintain or reduce flood hazard for rainfall events up to the 25-year return period. This study demonstrates that in a smaller urban watershed, LID can play an important role in reducing the flood impacts associated with climate change.Graduate
Books on the topic "Floods Victoria"
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Lazcano, J. La gran victoria patriótica sinaloense: General Antonio Rosales Flores. Culiacán Rosales, Sinaloa]: Centro de Estudios Históricos del Noroeste A.C., Campus Culiacán, 1996.
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Kevork, Thomajan Puzant, and Floyd, Wells & Co., eds. Authentic Victorian stoves, heaters, ranges, etc. New York: Dover Publications, 1988.
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Imperialism at home: Race and Victorian women's fiction. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, 1996.
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Kenya. Ministry of Water Resources Management and Development., Associated Programme on Flood Management., and World Meteorological Organization, eds. Strategy for flood management for Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. Geneva: World Meteorological Organization, 2004.
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Wells & Co. Floyd (Corporate Author) and Puzant Kevork Thomajan (Editor), eds. Authentic Victorian Stoves, Heaters, Ranges... (Dover Pictorial Archive Series). Dover Pubns, 1988.
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personalizados, cuadernos. Victoria un Gran Cuaderno Forrado de Flores Personalizado para Mujeres y niñas un Diario para Victoria Cuaderno Escolar: Cuaderno Escola, Perfecto Regalo. Independently Published, 2020.
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Engwerda, Robert. Mosquito Creek 1855: Flood, Murder, Betrayal - There's More Than Money on the Victorian Goldfields. Penguin Books, Limited, 2010.
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Braddon, Mary Elizabeth. Aurora Floyd. Edited by P. D. Edwards. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199555161.001.0001.
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abstract ‘With Lady Audley’s Secret, Mary Elizabeth Braddon had established herself, alongside Wilkie Collins and Mrs Henry Wood, as one of the ruling triumvirate of ‘sensation novelists’. Aurora Floyd (1862–3), following hot on its heels, achieved almost equal popularity and notoriety. Like Lady Audley, Aurora is a beautiful young woman bigamously married and threatened with exposure by a blackmailer. But in Aurora Floyd, and in many of the novels written in imitation of it, bigamy is little more than a euphemism, a device to enable the heroine, and vicariously the reader, to enjoy the forbidden sweets of adultery without adulterous intentions. Passionate, sometimes violent, Aurora does succeed in enjoying them, her desires scarcely chastened by her disastrous first marriage. She represents a challenge to the mid-Victorian sexual code, and particularly to the feminine ideal of simpering, angelic young ladyhood. P. D. Edward’s introduction evaluates the novel’s leading place among ‘bigamy-novels’ and Braddon’s treatment of the power struggle between the sexes, as well as considering the similarities between the author and her heroine.
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Penney, Joel. Toward a Critical Literacy of the Citizen Marketer Approach. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190658052.003.0006.
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This concluding chapter addresses the controversy of “slacktivism” and argues that mediated symbolic action does not necessarily become a substitute for other forms of political participation. However, it does present several notable risks: in addition to potentially exacerbating political polarization and partisanship, it may also attenuate the connection between symbolic victories in the media and complex political realities on the ground. The challenge, then, for those who adopt these practices is to work to retain and strengthen connections between style and substance, which requires introspection about the political content they spread to others and what they hope to achieve by doing so. In addition, a critical literacy of citizen marketing must also include an enhanced awareness of the broader power structures that bear upon it, from elite attempts to shape peer-to-peer political messaging flows to serve institutional agendas to gaps in technological access and skills that reproduce digital inequality.
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Alexander-Floyd, Nikol G. Re-Imagining Black Women. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479855858.001.0001.
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Re-Imagining Black Women dissects “post-politics”—the repertoire of dominant fantasies, frames, and narratives that hope for an afterlife beyond the social activism of the mid-twentieth century. This push for post-politics, such as post-feminism or post-racial thinking, serves as a form of race, gender, and class management that is uniquely suited for this neoliberal era. Alexander-Floyd centers black women as subjects, locating Moynihan’s black cultural pathology melodrama as the earliest basis for neoliberalism’s focus on self-regulation, solidifying patriarchal family formations, and the splitting of groups into virtuous victors who are worthy citizen subjects versus villainous, abject others in need of rehabilitation. Forging a unique methodology that fuses insights and approaches from political science, women’s studies, black studies, media studies, and most notably psychoanalysis, Re-Imagining Black Women provides a tour-de-force of black politics, exposing and addressing gender and other elements repressed or disavowed in the study of US race and politics. Each chapter traces the interplay of melodrama and liminality, examining political figures, such as Condoleezza Rice and Barack Obama and his My Brother’s Keeper initiative; cultural sites, such as The Help and Tyler Perry’s Madea; white male rape of black women and the social contract; and black women and the MeToo movement. This study helps to explain how some people were seduced by post-racial, post-feminist fantasies, exposing the primary ways in which they still operate. Re-Imagining Black Women also discusses post-politics in the COVID-19 era. It is a pioneering work that helps readers understand contemporary culture and politics and equips them to navigate turbulent political futures.
Book chapters on the topic "Floods Victoria"
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Marchant, David R., Stewart S. R. Jamieson, and David E. Sugden. "The geomorphic signature of massive subglacial floods in Victoria Land, Antarctica." In Geophysical Monograph Series, 111–27. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010gm000943.
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Jachimiak, Peter Hughes. "Meadows, Relics, and Victorian Dolls' Houses." In The Routledge Handbook of Pink Floyd, 403–22. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367338282-29.
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Brosh, Liora. "Recovering Victorian Ideals: The Mill on the Floss." In Screening Novel Women, 65–82. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230582415_4.
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Miller, M. A. "Mill on the Floss, The (Eliot)." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Victorian Women's Writing, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02721-6_452-1.
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Miller, M. A. "Mill on the Floss, The (Eliot)." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Victorian Women’s Writing, 1067–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78318-1_452.
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Kearsley, Michael J. C., and Tina J. Ayers. "Riparian vegetation responses: Snatching defeat from the jaws of victory and vice versa." In The Controlled Flood in Grand Canyon, 309–27. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm110p0309.
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da Correa, Delia Sousa. "The Mill on the Floss: ‘A Mind Susceptible to Music’." In George Eliot, Music and Victorian Culture, 102–29. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230598010_4.
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Lovell, Heather. "Networks." In Understanding Energy Innovation, 17–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6253-9_2.
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AbstractSocial scientists study many different types of networks, from policy networks to sociotechnical networks, in order to better understand processes of change. These diverse networks have a number of characteristics in common, including interconnectedness, flows, and fragility. Exploring these characteristics in relation to smart grids helps us to better understand the social nature of energy sector innovation. In this chapter, I use these themes and concepts to assess three examples: international smart grid policy networks; a local community network on Bruny Island, Australia; and a fragile network, the digital metering programme in the State of Victoria, Australia.
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Wood, Madeleine. "Elizabeth Gaskell and George Eliot—Mourning and Elegy: North and South and The Mill on the Floss." In Parents and Children in the Mid-Victorian Novel, 261–310. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45469-2_6.
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Willems, Julie, Cathy Haigh, Marianne Tare, Margaret Simmons, David Reser, Adelle McArdle, and Shane Bullock. "Toward Sustainable Teaching: Staff Perceptions of the Delivery of a Rural Medical Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic." In Higher Education - Reflections From the Field [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109417.
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What can be learned through teaching and learning in crises, such as bushfires, floods, and the global COVID-19 disruption? How can insights gained be applied to prepare for inevitable future disruption to normal operation, especially in regions identified to be prone to natural hazards? In 2021, focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with academics, clinical tutors, and professional staff members to explore staff perceptions in a regional medical school in eastern Victoria, Australia, about their experiences of teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Strategies are suggested to sustain teaching in times of crisis or natural disaster to future-proof against inevitable change including protocols, policy, staff checklists, and staff continuing professional development.
Conference papers on the topic "Floods Victoria"
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"Trend analysis of flood data in Australia: a case study for Victoria." In 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2013). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2013.l1.hossain.
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Jung Cho, Yoon, and Il Yeong Kim. "Victorian Masculinity in George Eliot’s the Mill on the Floss." In 2nd International Conference on Research in Humanities. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icrh.2019.11.760.
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Narciso, Isabella Gadotti, and Eunice Helena Sguizzardi Abascal. "O ANDAR TÉRREO NA CIDADE CONTEMPOR NEA: Os casos do Brascan Century Plaza e o Edifício Pátio Victor Malzoni." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Bogotá: Universidad Piloto de Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.10289.
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This article consists of a brief presentation of the results obtained in a research carried out on the appropriation of ground floors architectures areas in corporate buildings in the city of São Paulo, with a focus on the cases of Brascan Century Plaza and Pátio Victor Malzoni Building. Based on the importance of the ground floor of a building, the quality of the design of the ground floor added to a proposal for urban design with elements capable of encouraging appropriations and fruition are decisive factors to establish the public character of a space, mainly in dense areas of great cities. The guiding question is, in turn, to show how the architectures on the ground floors of these projects can become relevant examples of spaces for improving the urban experience.
Keywords: Apropriation, corporative buildings, ground floor, urban experience.
Topic: Public space and urban design in contemporary metropolis. Este artigo consiste na breve exposição de resultados obtidos em uma pesquisa realizada sobre a apropriação de térreos de edifícios corporativos na cidade de São Paulo, com o foco nos casos do Brascan Century Plaza e do Edifício Pátio Victor Malzoni. Partindo em torno da importância do andar térreo de uma edificação, afirma-se a qualidade do projeto do pavimento térreo, somada à uma proposta de desenho urbano com elementos capazes de incentivar as apropriações e a fruição, são fatores decisivos para estabelecer o caráter público de um espaço, principalmente em áreas adensadas de grandes cidades. A questão norteadora é mostrar como as arquiteturas dos andares térreos desses projetos podem vir a ser exemplos pertinentes de espaços para a melhoria da experiência urbana.
Palavras-chave: Apropriação, edifícios corporativos, andar térreo, experiência urbana.
Bloco temático: Espacio público y proyecto urbano en la metrópolis contemporánea.
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Kundu, P. M., and L. O. Olang. "The impact of land use change on runoff and peak flood discharges for the Nyando River in Lake Victoria drainage basin, Kenya." In WATER AND SOCIETY 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ws110081.
Full textReports on the topic "Floods Victoria"
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Williamson, N., J. Bédard, L. Ootes, R. Rainbird, B. Cousens, and A. Zagorevski. Volcanostratigraphy and significance of the southern lobe Natkusiak Formation flood basalts, Victoria Island, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/292706.
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Khan Mohmand, Shandana, and Miguel Loureiro. Key Considerations: Supporting Better Governance of Flood Relief Efforts in Pakistan. SSHAP, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.036.
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Relief, rehabilitation, and recovery from climate emergencies require getting the governance of disaster and crisis management right. In Pakistan, there are five actions where response actors can either contribute directly, or facilitate action to enable effective interventions: Support the collection, coordination, and dissemination of data relating to the crisis; Help regenerate multi-sectoral cooperation and partnerships; Assist the vertical integration of institutions at the sub-national level; Urge coordinated resources across response actors: donors, government officials, and civil society; Strengthen social protection systems in the longer term. Most of these are familiar to those that work on humanitarian crises in Pakistan, but they represent unresolved bottlenecks in responding effectively to a crisis. Getting these areas of action right is critical for the current crisis and to prepare for other expected and accelerating climate emergencies. To expand on these five elements, this brief draws on the authors' experiences of national and international responses to previous disasters and their aftermaths in Pakistan. It was written by Shandana Khan Mohmand and Miguel Loureiro at the Institute of Development Studies, and was reviewed by Saba Aslam (Institute of Business Administration, Karachi), Luqman Hakeem, (UNICEF), Hayley MacGregor (IDS), Annie Wilkinson (IDS) and Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica), and edited by Victoria Haldane (Anthrologica). This brief was commissioned by and remains the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Bank Premises Department - Note Issue Department - Fitzroy - Victoria Parade - Flood Lighting - Basement - 1944. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/24584.
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Bank Premises Department - Note Issue Department - Fitzroy - Victoria Parade - Concrete Floors, Damaged - Resurfacing - 1933-1934. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/24505.
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