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Academic literature on the topic 'Floodplains'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Floodplains"

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Eder, Markus, Francesca Perosa, Severin Hohensinner, Michael Tritthart, Sabrina Scheuer, Marion Gelhaus, Bernd Cyffka, et al. "How Can We Identify Active, Former, and Potential Floodplains? Methods and Lessons Learned from the Danube River." Water 14, no. 15 (July 24, 2022): 2295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14152295.

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Floodplains are a fundamental source of multiple functions and services. Despite their various benefits, a dramatic reduction in floodplain areas has occurred in most large river systems over the last few centuries, and is still ongoing. Human modifications (such as river regulation, dam construction, and land use changes) due to economic growth, increasing population size, etc., were and still are drivers of major floodplain losses. Therefore, studies offering solutions for floodplain preservation and restoration are of great importance for sustainable floodplain management. This paper presents methods to identify active, former, and potential floodplains, and their application to the Danube River. We used hydraulic data, historical sources, and recent geospatial data to delineate the three floodplain types. Fifty hydraulically active floodplains larger than 500 ha were identified. According to our results, the extent of Danube floodplains has been reduced by around 79%. With the support of different representatives from the Danube countries, we identified 24 potential floodplains. However, the share of active and potential floodplains in relation to former floodplains ranges between 5% and 49%, demonstrating the huge potential for additional restoration sites. This analysis contributes to an understanding of the current and the past floodplain situation, increases awareness of the dramatic floodplain loss along the Danube, and serves as a basis for future floodplain management.
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Natho, Stephanie. "How Flood Hazard Maps Improve the Understanding of Ecologically Active Floodplains." Water 13, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13070937.

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Floodplains are threatened ecosystems and are not only ecologically meaningful but also important for humans by creating multiple benefits. Many underlying functions, like nutrient retention, carbon sequestration or water regulation, strongly depend on regular inundation. So far, these are approached on the basis of what are called ‘active floodplains’. Active floodplains, defined as statistically inundated once every 100 years, represent less than 10% of a floodplain’s original size. Still, should this remaining area be considered as one homogenous surface in terms of floodplain function, or are there any alternative approaches to quantify ecologically active floodplains? With the European Flood Hazard Maps, the extent of not only medium floods (T-medium) but also frequent floods (T-frequent) needs to be modelled by all member states of the European Union. For large German rivers, both scenarios were compared to quantify the extent, as well as selected indicators for naturalness derived from inundation. It is assumed that the more naturalness there is, the more inundation and the better the functioning. Real inundation was quantified using measured discharges from relevant gauges over the past 20 years. As a result, land uses indicating strong human impacts changed significantly from T-frequent to T-medium floodplains. Furthermore, the extent, water depth and water volume stored in the T-frequent and T-medium floodplains is significantly different. Even T-frequent floodplains experienced inundation for only half of the considered gauges during the past 20 years. This study gives evidence for considering regulation functions on the basis of ecologically active floodplains, meaning in floodplains with more frequent inundation that T-medium floodplains delineate.
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Grenfell, S., and M. Grenfell. "Characterising the late Quaternary facies stratigraphy of floodplains in South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 124, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 963–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.124.0056.

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Abstract South African river floodplains and their alluvial deposits reflect a diversity of geological and geographical drivers. We use a genetic geomorphic classification system originally developed for dryland wetlands to characterise geomorphic processes and potential successions of sedimentary fill for South African floodplains. Using case studies from the literature, we consider differences between alluvial rivers and mixed bedrock-alluvial rivers in the context of macro-scale geomorphic setting, and evaluate the impact of the setting on floodplain persistence and potential as a palaeo-environmental archive. Sedimentary facies associations represented in South African floodplains, including lateral and oblique accretion, channel, channel infill, levee vertical accretion, floodplain vertical accretion and debris flow deposits, are also evaluated. Floodplains of South Africa’s interior are typically mixed bedrock-alluvial as channel beds are set upon or close to bedrock and sediment thickness is limited. By contrast some floodplains in tectonic basin settings have sediment deposits exceeding 30 m in thickness. The resulting rivers are alluvial, and thus able to adjust their width, depth and slope to accommodate changes in discharge and sediment supply. Similarly, coastal floodplain rivers are alluvial due to downcutting during the last glacial maximum and subsequent sedimentary infilling as sea levels rose. When considering the potential of floodplains as palaeoarchives of environmental change, two considerations emerge. First, floodplain stratigraphy is not a response to a single variable due to complex process-form feedbacks. Rather, floodplain stratigraphy is an outcome of both autogenic and allogenic processes. Second, most South African floodplains are zones of sediment recycling, and as such, preservation potential is typically low. Thus, although floodplain settings of the interior may be a few million years old, the sediment within them may be only thousands to tens of thousands of years old. Our review indicates that research has historically focused on meandering river and mixed bedrock-alluvial anabranching river floodplains, while understanding of other floodplain sub-types remains limited.
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Gordon, Brad A., Olivia Dorothy, and Christian F. Lenhart. "Nutrient Retention in Ecologically Functional Floodplains: A Review." Water 12, no. 10 (October 4, 2020): 2762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102762.

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Nutrient loads in fresh and coastal waters continue to lead to harmful algal blooms across the globe. Historically, floodplains—low-lying areas adjacent to streams and rivers that become inundated during high-flow events—would have been nutrient deposition and/or removal sites within riparian corridors, but many floodplains have been developed and/or disconnected. This review synthesizes literature and data available from field studies quantifying nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal within floodplains across North America and Europe to determine how effective floodplain restoration is at removing nutrients. The mean removal of nitrate-N (NO3−-N), the primary form of N in floodplain studies, was 200 (SD = 198) kg-N ha−1 year−1, and of total or particulate P was 21.0 (SD = 31.4) kg-P ha−1 year−1. Based on the literature, more effective designs of restored floodplains should include optimal hydraulic load, permanent wetlands, geomorphic diversity, and dense vegetation. Floodplain restorations along waterways with higher nutrient concentrations could lead to a more effective investment for nutrient removal. Overall, restoring and reconnecting floodplains throughout watersheds is a viable and effective means of removing nutrients while also restoring the many other benefits that floodplains provide.
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Fernandes, João N., João B. Leal, and António H. Cardoso. "Influence of floodplain and riparian vegetation in the conveyance and structure of turbulent flow in compound channels." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 06035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184006035.

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The present study aims at understanding the changes in the channel conveyance and in the turbulent flow structure due to the presence of both submerged vegetation in the floodplains and riparian vegetation. An experimental campaign was carried out comprising uniform compound channels flows (i) without any kind of vegetation, (ii) with synthetic grass in the floodplains, (iii) with synthetic grass in the floodplains and rods in the interface between main channel and the floodplain and (iv) with synthetic grass in the floodplains and artificial shrubs in the interface between main channel and the floodplain. For comparison, the water depth in all flow cases was kept constant. Accurate acoustic Doppler velocimetry was used to evaluate the 3d velocity field and the turbulence structures characteristics.
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Scown, M. W., M. C. Thoms, and N. R. De Jager. "An index of floodplain surface complexity." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 1 (January 26, 2016): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-431-2016.

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Abstract. Floodplain surface topography is an important component of floodplain ecosystems. It is the primary physical template upon which ecosystem processes are acted out, and complexity in this template can contribute to the high biodiversity and productivity of floodplain ecosystems. There has been a limited appreciation of floodplain surface complexity because of the traditional focus on temporal variability in floodplains as well as limitations to quantifying spatial complexity. An index of floodplain surface complexity (FSC) is developed in this paper and applied to eight floodplains from different geographic settings. The index is based on two key indicators of complexity, variability in surface geometry (VSG) and the spatial organisation of surface conditions (SPO), and was determined at three sampling scales. FSC, VSG, and SPO varied between the eight floodplains and these differences depended upon sampling scale. Relationships between these measures of spatial complexity and seven geomorphological and hydrological drivers were investigated. There was a significant decline in all complexity measures with increasing floodplain width, which was explained by either a power, logarithmic, or exponential function. There was an initial rapid decline in surface complexity as floodplain width increased from 1.5 to 5 km, followed by little change in floodplains wider than 10 km. VSG also increased significantly with increasing sediment yield. No significant relationships were determined between any of the four hydrological variables and floodplain surface complexity.
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Hughes, Francine M. R. "Floodplain biogeomorphology." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 21, no. 4 (December 1997): 501–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339702100402.

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Floodplains are unique ecosystems because of their linear form, the sometimes extreme dynamism of their geomorphology and because they process large fluxes of energy and materials from upstream areas. This article focuses on the importance of hydrological inputs to floodplains through 1) their influence on the arrangement of landforms and vegetation communities and 2) the connections between flooding regimes and the regeneration and turnover time of floodplain vegetation. Many researchers have demonstrated close links between the arrangement of vegeta tion communities and sedimentary landform types, elevation, soil characteristics, tolerance to flooding and availability of soil moisture. It is suggested that plants on floodplains are found along a combined gradient of available moisture and oxygen which can be viewed simultaneously as a flooding frequency gradient and a complex soil moisture gradient. Discussion of experi mental work on floodplains demonstrates the importance of these gradients to a range of flood plain species in different environments. The relationships between these environmental gradients and the apparent high level of overlap between planform patterns of landforms and vegetation communities on floodplains are related to lag times in different parts of vegetation communities. Flood regimes greatly influence the availability of areas suitable for vegetation regeneration from year to year and the age structure of floodplain communities over decadal time frames. Biotic factors also influence biogeomorphological relationships on floodplains and range from sediment- trapping by vegetation to the impacts of beaver and grazing animals on floodplain hydrology and vegetation. Restoration of floodplains is high on the agenda in many countries and it is argued that, for sustainable results, restoration of hydrological pathways is essential. Planned flood releases below dams in several African countries have had varied success rates but the develop ment of models for managing flows to achieve different restoration targets is the start of an integrated approach to restoring complex floodplain ecosystems.
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Werther, Lukas, Natascha Mehler, Gerrit Jasper Schenk, and Christoph Zielhofer. "On the Way to the Fluvial Anthroposphere—Current Limitations and Perspectives of Multidisciplinary Research." Water 13, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 2188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162188.

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Floodplains represent a global hotspot of sensitive socioenvironmental changes and early human forcing mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the environmental conditions of preindustrial floodplains in Central Europe and the fluvial societies that operated there. Due to their high land-use capacity and the simultaneous necessity of land reclamation and risk minimisation, societies have radically restructured the Central European floodplains. According to the current scientific consensus, up to 95% of Central European floodplains have been extensively restructured or destroyed. Therefore, question arises as to whether or when it is justified to understand Central European floodplains as a ‘Fluvial Anthroposphere’. The case studies available to date show that human-induced impacts on floodplain morphologies and environments and the formation of specific fluvial societies reveal fundamental changes in the medieval and preindustrial modern periods. We aim to contribute to disentangling the questions of when and why humans became a significant controlling factor in Central European floodplain formation, and how humans in interaction with natural processes and other chains of effects have modified floodplains. As a conclusion, we superimpose emerging fields of research concerning the onset of the Fluvial Anthroposphere and provide 10 specific thematic objectives for future multidisciplinary work.
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Schoor, Margriet M. "The Relation between Vegetation and Hydrology/Geomorphology in the Gemenc Floodplain Forest, Hungary." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 3 (February 1, 1994): 289–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0122.

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In the Gemenc floodplain along the river Danube in Southern Hungary, six vegetation zones have been identified. Together with soil and geomorphological data, these vegetation zones are interpreted to form a hypothesis of succession for the Gemenc floodplain. As the Gemenc floodplain is comparable with the Dutch floodplains, from a hydrological, geomorphological and floristic point of view, the results can be used in plans for the rehabilitation of the floodplains of the river Rhine in the Netherlands.
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Brown, T. T., and C. A. Fuller. "Stress and parasitism of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in dry and floodplain environments." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 12 (December 2006): 1833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-183.

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We hypothesized that flooding represents an environmental stressor that might affect the corticosterone levels, parasite prevalence, and life history of small mammals living in floodplain environments. We compared populations of white-footed mice ( Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818)) on floodplains and dry areas. We found more males on floodplains (p = 0.008) and more females on dry areas (p = 0.005). There were no differences in mass (p > 0.05) or intestinal parasite prevalence (p = 0.665) between dry and floodplain habitats, but bot fly larvae were significantly more prevalent in males living on floodplains (p = 0.043). Floodplain animals had significantly higher levels of corticosterone than dry-area animals in fall, and lower levels in summer (F[1,20] = 4.483, p = 0.047). In addition, we found that animals with intestinal parasites had higher levels of corticosterone than those that were without parasites (p = 0.014) or that harbored bot fly larvae (p = 0.001). Floodplains seem to be harsher environments than dry areas, but this may be a result of differences in habitat rather than a direct result of flooding.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Floodplains"

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Holowaty, Nadja Deyglun. "Floodplain management in Quebec : a case study of the Mille Iles River floodplains." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63232.

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Wolfe, Brian Paul. "Floodplains and the Proximate Principle: A Case for Floodplain Linear Parks in Roanoke, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33151.

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The intention of this paper is to argue a position for the use of floodplain linear parks as a means of urban flood mitigation. Current approaches often focus on protecting existing and future structures via the use of costly-engineered solutions such as dams and floodwalls. My argument is that the same money can be used to restore the floodplain by removing such structures and establishing a park system that will serve as a valuable public amenity, while allowing flooding to occur with minimal damage produced. In the long run, such a park will provide a greater return on the investment than other potential solutions. A discussion of the â Proximate Principleâ will describe how this works. From an environmental perspective, the importance of such a park will be discussed by placing it in the context of the green infrastructure concept, which is essentially an umbrella term for ongoing efforts to better integrate human and natural systems. Three case studies are presented that demonstrate examples of such park systems and the effects they had on local economies and communities. These studies begin demonstrating the social connotations for such a project as well. Throughout this paper, ties are made to the city of Roanoke, Virginia (where the project portion of this thesis takes place) to demonstrate the relevance of floodplain linear parks to the city. All arguments made are supported by a conceptual floodplain park plan for the city of Roanoke.
Master of Landscape Architecture
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Sims, Neil C., and n/a. "The landscape-scale structure and functioning of floodplains." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050706.095439.

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Floodplains are amongst the most productive and biodiverse ecosystems. The structure and functioning of floodplains is controlled by the interaction of intermittent inundation with the floodplain landscape. These interactions create highly complex and dynamic ecosystems that are difficult to study at large scales. Consequently, most research of floodplains has been conducted at small spatial and temporal scales. Inundation of floodplains can extend over many square kilometres, however, which unifies the floodplain landscape into an integrated ecosystem operating at the landscape scale. The lack of data and poor understanding of the landscape-scale structure and functioning of floodplains limits the possibility of managing floodplains sustainably as pressure for exploitation of their resources increases. This thesis quantifies the landscape-scale relationship between the frequency and patterns of inundation, the composition and structure of the landscape, and the functioning of the floodplain landscape in terms of the distribution and dynamics of plant growth vigour over an area of approximately 376,000 ha on the Lower Balonne Floodplain; highly biodiverse, semi-arid floodplain ecosystem that straddles the state border between New South Wales and Queensland approximately 500 km inland from the eastern coast of Australia. Mean annual rainfall at St.George, to the north of the study area, is approximately 400�450 mm per year, and median annual evaporation is approximately 2000 mm per year. Plants and animals on the floodplain are therefore heavily dependent upon flooding for survival. This project is based on the analysis of 13 Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite images captured over a 10-year period during which land and water resource development increased substantially. There is now concern that development activities have affected the functioning of the floodplain to the detriment of the natural environment and agricultural productivity. The impacts from these activities on the functioning of the floodplain are not yet known, however. Inundation of the Lower Balonne Floodplain was mapped using a two-part process involving a band ratio to identify deep clear water, and a change detection analysis to identify areas of shallower inundation. This analysis shows that, in contrast with most floodplains, the main flowpath of the Lower Balonne Floodplain runs along its central axis away from river channels, which flow along the floodplain�s outer edges. Inundation propagates from the centre of the floodplain out towards river channels as flood discharge volumes increase. Variations in the spatial pattern of inundated patches within the inundated extent create distinctive aquatic habitat and connectivity conditions at different flow levels. These can be described in terms of three connectivity phases: (I) Disconnected, in which isolated patches of inundation occur at low flows and river channels are hydrologically dislocated from the floodplain; (II) Interaction, where increased hydrological connectivity between inundated patches, and between the floodplain and the river channels at moderate flows, may enable significant exchange of materials, organisms and energy; and (III) Integration, in which almost the entire floodplain landscape is connected by open water during large magnitude floods. There is an abrupt transition in inundation patterns as flows increase between 60,000 ML day-1 and 65,000 ML day-1 (ARI 2 to 2.3 years) in which inundation patterns transform from being relatively disconnected into a highly integrated network of patches. These patterns may have significant consequences for the structure and functioning of the floodplain. Increases in flows across this small range may therefore mark an important ecological flow threshold on this system. Water resource development impacts have changed the relative frequency of flows on the Lower Balonne Floodplain, which will probably affect the sequence of connectivity phases over time. The most likely impact of these changes will be to create a floodplain that is drier overall than under natural flow conditions, and that has a smaller and wetter area of high inundation frequency. The relationship between inundation and the structure of the floodplain landscape was examined by comparing a landcover map showing the distribution and character of 10 landcover types to the inundation frequency maps. Landcover types were mapped from a multi-date Reference Image composite of seven images captured over a period of 10 years. The Reference Image improves landcover discrimination by at least 14% over classification of a single-date image, and has an overall accuracy between 82.5% and 85% at the landscape-scale. The Reference Image shows that the landscape of the Lower Balonne Floodplain is a highly fragmented mosaic of diverse landcover types distributed in association with inundation frequency. Stratifying the floodplain into zones of frequent and rare inundation shows that frequently inundated areas have a less fragmented but less diverse landscape structure than rarely inundated areas. Assessment of the functioning of each landcover types within the floodplain ecosystem, based on landscape pattern metric analysis, indicates that the function of landcover types also changes between inundation frequency zones. Most importantly, these changes include a transformation of the matrix landcover type, which controls the character and dynamics of the ecosystem overall, from Open Grassland to Coolibah Open Woodland in the frequently inundated zone. The landscape structure of the Lower Balonne Floodplain has been affected by development impacts, which include clearing of native vegetation, isolation of parts of the floodplain from natural inundation events by the construction of levee banks and drainage channels, and grazing impacts. Changes to the inundation regime may also affect the structure of the floodplain landscape. Over the long term, these changes are likely to create a larger area of Open Grassland and a smaller area of Coolibah Open Woodland as the zone of frequent inundation becomes smaller and wetter. To examine the functioning of the floodplain ecosystem, the inundation maps were compared to remotely sensed indexes of plant growth vigour at the landscape and landcover-type scales. The dynamics of plant growth vigour over time are influenced by factors operating at the regional, landscape and patch scales. Evaporation is the major control of growth vigour levels at the landscape scale, but each landcover type has a distinctive pattern of growth vigour dynamics that is related to its composition and location, and possibly its landscape structure. The association between the spatial distribution of plant growth vigour and inundation frequency is non-linear, with the highest growth vigour occurring where inundation occurs approximately once per year. This indicates a subsidy-stress interaction with water in which plant growth vigour is limited by soil anoxia in areas of frequent or long term inundation, and by drought stress in rarely inundated areas. A landscape-scale model of growth vigour dynamics, founded on the principles of Hierarchical Patch Dynamics and Landscape Ecology, was created from growth vigour measurements of each landcover type over time. This model was used to examine possible impacts of development activities on the functioning of the floodplain ecosystem. This model shows that the response of plant growth vigour development activities can be complex and subtle, and include a change in mean long-term growth vigour and an increased susceptibility to drought. The model also indicates that periods of high growth vigour can occur in substantially altered floodplain ecosystems. The model was also used to explore the levels of landcover change that might cause a threshold change in the functioning of the ecosystem, which may substantially alter the disturbance-response characteristics of the floodplain ecosystem. The model indicates a threshold change when the extent of Open Grassland is reduced by 30% of its extent in 1993, in which plant growth vigour response to disturbance is virtually inverted from that observed in the images. The temporal variability of plant growth vigour levels increases as the extent of Open Grassland is further reduced. This thesis makes a number of important contributions to our understanding of floodplain structure and functioning. It includes the development of new techniques suited to studying large diverse and complex landscapes at the landscape scale from satellite images, and provides quantitative data describing the links between the structure of floodplain landscapes and their functioning at the landscape scale. This work improves the understanding of floodplain ecosystems by integrating models of floodplain structure and functioning, which have been developed largely from smaller-scale studies of temperate and tropical floodplains, with landscape-scale measurements of this semi-arid system. This thesis also has implications for the Lower Balonne Floodplain by improving the level of information about this important ecosystem and providing baseline data against which the condition of the floodplain can be assessed in future.
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Natho, Stephanie. "Modelling nutrient retention in floodplains." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16854.

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Obwohl es sehr detaillierte Studien zur Nährstoffretention in einzelnen Auen und Feuchtgebieten gibt, ist die Bedeutung von Auen für die Nährstoffbilanz auf Landschaftsebene wenig untersucht. Dies liegt an dem geringen Wissensstand über die wichtigsten Parameter der Nährstoffretention, nämlich die überflutete Auenfläche sowie die in die Aue strömende Nährstofffracht. Zusätzlich gibt es bislang keinen Ansatz, demzufolge beide Parameter abhängig vom Abfluss, und damit variabel für verschiedene zeitliche Einheiten, berechnet werden können. Aus diesem Grund analysiert diese Arbeit die Überflutungshäufigkeiten der Auen von drei Flüssen, Elbe, Main und Rhein. Darauf aufbauend wird eine Abhängigkeit zwischen der überfluteten Fläche und dem Abfluss empirisch abgeleitet, die auf detaillierten Berechnungen der etablierten Software Flys basieren. Ausgehend auf diesen im Folgenden generalisierten Ergebnissen werden eine letztendlich Ereignis basierte mittlere überflutete Auenfläche sowie einströmende Nährstofffracht abhängig vom jeweiligen Abfluss berechnet. Diese und weitere Geoinformationsdaten wie auch Pegel und Gütedaten finden Eingang in jährliche und monatliche empirische Retentionsmodelle. Die berechnete Nährstoffretention in den Auen ist abhängig von der hydrologischen Konnektivität der Auen und dem tatsächlichen Abfluss. Deshalb wird letztendlich das weiterentwickelte Konzept der Ereignis bezogenen Nährstoffretention angewendet und als am realistischsten in Kombination mit hydro-exponentiellen Retentionsmodellen erachtet. Für die naturnahe Elbe werden in Monaten mit Hochwässern bis zu 9% bzw. 10% Retention der transportierten TP bzw. der NO3-N Fracht berechnet. Die Übertragbarkeit dieser Ergebnisse auf eine deutschlandweite Kulisse ist durch die generalisierten Methoden geschaffen. Die vorliegende Arbeit leistet damit einen Beitrag, die Bedeutung der Auen für die Nährstoffbilanz auf Landschaftsebene abhängig von hydrologischen Gegebenheiten zu quantifizieren.
Although there are detailed studies on nutrient retention in single wetlands and floodplains, the role of riparian floodplains for nutrient retention is not investigated very well on a landscape scale, since knowledge on the most important parameters for nutrient retention, inundated floodplains and incoming load, is insufficient. Additionally, a method for describing these parameters as discharge dependent variables is missing. Therefore, the present work analyzes the flooding frequencies on floodplains of three study rivers, Elbe, Main and Rhine. The relation of inundated floodplain extent and current discharge conditions based on detailed results of the established Software Flys is deduced empirically. Based on these subsequently generalized results, finally event related average inundated floodplain extent respectively, incoming nutrient loads are calculated by considering the effects of the hydrologic conditions of each river system. Therefore, available geodata as well as data on water quality and discharge is processed and serves as input data for yearly and monthly empirical retention models. The calculated nutrient retention in floodplains varies with hydrological connectivity of the floodplain to the surface waters as well as with the current hydrologic condition of the river system. For this reason the finally developed concept of event related nutrient retention is suggested as the most realistic in combination with hydro-exponential retention models. The Elbe floodplains are the most natural, and in years with high floods nutrient retention in the floodplains contributes up to 9% respectively 10% of the monthly transported load of TP and NO3-N, which is significant. The transfer of the results to a German-wide application is possible due the generalization of the methods carried out. With the presented results the hydrology dependent role of floodplains for nutrient balances in river systems can be quantified on a landscape scale.
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Shepherd, V. "Beetle diversity of chalk river floodplains." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1420432/.

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Anthropogenic land use changes have increasingly altered and fragmented floodplain landscapes. While the impacts of these alterations are being recognised for many plant and vertebrate taxa, limited information is available for highly diverse invertebrate families. Using a variety of approaches to diversity measurement, this thesis investigates carabid and staphylinid beetle assemblages across a range of chalk floodplain habitats in Norfolk, England. It aims to establish the roles anthropogenic and environmental factors play in shaping their communities in order to inform tailored conservation practices. Site management was identified as the dominant influence on beetle assemblages, underpinning the development of distinct communities amongst floodplain meadow, fen and woodland habitats. Surrounding landscape configuration also influenced beetle assemblages, confirming the wide-ranging, multi-faceted impacts of anthropogenic land use changes. Beetle communities in floodplain woodlands were both specimen- and species-rich across the highly heterogeneous forest microhabitats hosted within. Functional diversity analysis highlighted the vulnerability of certain functional groups to management and fragmentation. It confirmed the importance of conserving remaining remnants of natural floodplain woodlands to support vulnerable beetle communities. Floodplain fens harboured rare species, while their overall beetle diversity was surprisingly low. This was attributed to their limited habitat extent, fragmented distribution, and potentially legacies of past land use. This thesis suggests that traditional management regimes must be maintained in fen habitats, and their connectivity promoted, to safeguard and restore the unique biological communities supported within. Anthropogenic land use changes have increasingly altered and fragmented floodplain landscapes. While the impacts of these alterations are being recognised for many plant and vertebrate taxa, limited information is available for highly diverse invertebrate families. Using a variety of approaches to diversity measurement, this thesis investigates carabid and staphylinid beetle assemblages across a range of chalk floodplain habitats in Norfolk, England. It aims to establish the roles anthropogenic and environmental factors play in shaping their communities in order to inform tailored conservation practices. Site management was identified as the dominant influence on beetle assemblages, underpinning the development of distinct communities amongst floodplain meadow, fen and woodland habitats. Surrounding landscape configuration also influenced beetle assemblages, confirming the wide-ranging, multi-faceted impacts of anthropogenic land use changes. Beetle communities in floodplain woodlands were both specimen- and species-rich across the highly heterogeneous forest microhabitats hosted within. Functional diversity analysis highlighted the vulnerability of certain functional groups to management and fragmentation. It confirmed the importance of conserving remaining remnants of natural floodplain woodlands to support vulnerable beetle communities. Floodplain fens harboured rare species, while their overall beetle diversity was surprisingly low. This was attributed to their limited habitat extent, fragmented distribution, and potentially legacies of past land use. This thesis suggests that traditional management regimes must be maintained in fen habitats, and their connectivity promoted, to safeguard and restore the unique biological communities supported within. This study highlights the importance of adopting habitat-specific conservation objectives to ensure the persistence of specialist species, whilst maintaining a matrix of different floodplain habitats to preserve wider catchment diversity. As anthropogenic impacts on floodplain environments will continue, the potential role of beetles in biodiversity research and conservation, and in particular of staphylinid beetles that dominate the floodplain ground fauna, warrants increasing interest and recognition.
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Brill, Katie Ellen. "Impacts of inundation and season on greenhouse gas fluxes from a low-order floodplain." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19213.

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The global climate is changing and much of this is attributed to the greenhouse effect, which has been exacerbated by increased anthropogenic releases of greenhouse gases (GHGs). However, important GHGs, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4), are produced naturally in the soil during the metabolism of many soil microbial and plant communities. The generation rate of GHGs depends on many factors, including soil community composition, nutrient availability, temperature, and soil moisture. Predicted climate variability is expected to alter temperature and rainfall patterns, which can impact the factors regulating natural generation of GHGs. With changing fluxes of GHGs, the natural feedback loops between GHG generation and climate may change. Increased emissions from natural sources would exacerbate climate change, whereas decreased emissions may mitigate its impacts. Floodplains may be particularly susceptible to climate change, as their biogeochemical processing is driven by hydrology. For this study, ten mesocosms were installed on the floodplain of Stroubles Creek in southwest Virginia. A flood event was simulated in half of these mesocosms in both early spring and mid-summer, which represent extremes in soil moisture and primary productivity on the floodplain. Headspace gases were monitored for CO, N2O, and CH4. Efflux of CO2 and N2O was higher in summer than spring, and also increased following wetting events. Methane production was greater in the spring, with no detectable change with wetting. Increases in summer rainfall events could increase the release of important GHGs to the atmosphere, potentially at levels significant to climate change.
Master of Science
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Leigh, Catherine. "Floodplain River Function in Australia's Wet/Dry Tropics, With Special Reference to Aquatic Macroinvertebrates and the Gulf of Carpentaria." Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367453.

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This thesis provides significant insight into our understanding of river function in highly seasonal systems. In north Australia’s vast wet/dry tropics, large rivers and associated wetlands are regarded among the continent’s most biologically diverse and ecologically healthy. Until recently however, research on the hydrology, biodiversity and function of Australian rivers has focussed on the south. My thesis investigates floodplain river function in Australia’s wet/dry tropics, more specifically in the Gulf of Carpentaria drainage division, and is the first to present a dynamic conceptual model of river function for these systems. Three major themes reside within riverine ecology: flow, pattern and process. These themes feature within existing conceptual models of large river function, for example, the River Continuum Concept, the Flood Pulse Concept and the Riverine Productivity Model. These themes and models were used as a template to explore river function in the study region: flow, as broad-scale hydrology and more localised hydrological connectivity; patterns, as spatiotemporal variation in aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity; and processes, as organic carbon flow through aquatic macroinvertebrate food webs. The flow regime is major driver of river function, and as such, a multivariate analysis of daily flow data from large, Gulf of Carpentaria rivers was conducted. Two major classes of river were found, each with a distinct flow regime type: ‘tropical’ rivers were characterised by flow regularity and permanent hydrological connection, ‘dryland’ rivers by high levels of flow variability and ephemerality, similar to rivers in Australia’s central and semi-arid zones. However, both river types experienced seasonal change, associated with higher flow magnitudes in the wet and lower flow magnitudes in the dry, with ‘dryland’ rivers typified by greater numbers of zero flow days. These features—flow regularity and permanence for ‘tropical’ rivers, flow variability and absence for ‘dryland’ rivers, and wet/dry seasonality for both river types—were proposed as the broad-scale hydrological drivers of river function in the Gulf region and are expected to be found as important drivers throughout the wet/dry tropics.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Pernik, Maribeth. "Mixing processes in a river-floodplain system." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19514.

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Rose, Michael. "Phosphorous dynamics in periodically flooded and drained riparian soils." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367719.

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The aim of the research was to evaluate the processes that determine P stability in riparian floodplain soils, with emphasis on chemical transformations in flood-drained calcareous soil. Flooding of soil columns showed an increase in P solubility (from 0.01 to 1.2 μg ml-1) largely due to the reductive dissolution of Fe minerals (solution Fe increased from < 0.05 to > 50 μg ml-1) and increased solubility of Ca-P minerals (solution Ca increased from < 100 to > 1000 μg ml-1). The periodic drainage of the flooded soil exported the equivalent of approximately O.l5 kg ha-1 (over six flood-drain cycles). Exported P correlated with soil solution P immediately before drainage (r2 = 0.99; P < 0.001). After drainage, there was a reversal of the reactions described above, with solution Fe, Ca and P returning to preflooding levels. Over the course of the 6 flood-drain cycles inorganic P became more stable, with Ca-P and Fe-P pools increasing (from 9 and 11 % respectively both to 14 % of TP) at the expense of labile pools. Similar patterns of P release and retention were observed during batch incubation studies of aerobic - anaerobic cycles using moist soil samples. Solution P and Fe were strongly correlated in both non-calcareous (r2 = 0.96) and calcareous (r2 = 0.73) soils. The role of Ca-P mineral solubility was disguised by the dissolution of calcium carbonate. Drying of the soil can lead to P release on re-wetting (up to eight-fold). This is most likely due to a release of P from ruptured microbial cells and transformations of Fe mineral surfaces. Monitoring suggested that all of these processes were active in the field, as the water table advanced and receded, though more slowly than in the laboratory. Over a four month flood-drain cycle losses of dissolved P from the floodplain were estimated at 0.034 kg ha-1. It is unlikely that this is significant relative to upstream inputs of P to the river from point sources and other types of agricultural land in the River Thames catchment.
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Taylor, Mark P. "Holocene sedimentation in River Severn catchments." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337496.

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Books on the topic "Floodplains"

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Team, Interagency Floodplain Management Review Committee (U S. ). Scientific Assessment and Strategy. Science for floodplain management into the 21st century: Report of the Interagency Floodplain Management Review Committee to the Administration Floodplain Management Task Force. Washington, D.C: The Committee, 1994.

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Canada. Environment Canada. Inland Waters Directorate. An economic assessment of the flood-plain zoning program in the Outaouais Region. S.l: s.n, 1988.

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United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Jacksonville District., Ayres Associates, and St. Johns River Water Management District (Fla.), eds. Nassau River comprehensive floodplain management study. [Palatka, Florida: St. Johns River Water Management District, 1999.

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Felipe, Marques José Ribamar, Lopes César Augusto Carneiro, Martinez Gladys Beatriz, and Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal da Amazônia Oriental (Brazil), eds. Produção animal nas várzeas do rio Amazonas. Belém, PA: Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, 2003.

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Interagency Floodplain Management Review Committee (U.S.). Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team. Science for floodplain management into the 21st century: Report of the Interagency Floodplain Management Review Committee to the Administration Floodplain Management Task Force. Washington, D.C: The Committee, 1994.

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A, Kelmelis John, Franzier Ann G, Freeman Gary E, Interagency Floodplain Management Review Committee (U.S.). Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team, and Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team Workshop on Hydrology, Ecology, and Hydraulics (1994 : Sioux Falls, S.D.), eds. Science for floodplain management into the 21st century. [Washington, D.C.?]: Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team, 1994.

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1938-, Morisset Pierre, Canada. Inland Waters Directorate. Quebec Region. Water Planning and Management Branch., and Canada Environment Canada, eds. An Economic assessment of the flood-plain zoning program in the [Outaouais Region]. Sainte-Foy, Quebec: Inland Waters Directorate, Quebec Region, Water Planning and Management Branch, 1988.

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Montana. Dept. of Natural Resources and Conservation. Highground. Helena, Mont: Dept. of Natural Resources and Conservation, 2004.

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United States. Soil Conservation Service. Village of Manlius, Bureau County, Illinois: Floodplain management reconnaissance study. Champaign, Ill: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Illinois Department of Transportation, Division of Water Resources, 1985.

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B, Marriott Susan, Alexander Jan 1962-, and Geological Society of London, eds. Floodplains: Interdisciplinary approaches. London: Geological Society, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Floodplains"

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Braslavskaya, T. Yu. "Floodplains." In European Russian Forests, 477–507. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1172-0_6.

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Zerbe, Stefan. "Rivers and Floodplains." In Restoration of Ecosystems – Bridging Nature and Humans, 209–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65658-7_10.

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Taki, Kentaro. "Flood Management Policy in Shiga Prefecture, Japan: Implementation Approach of a Risk-Based Flood Management System at Catchment Scale." In Ecological Research Monographs, 43–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6791-6_4.

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AbstractShiga Prefectural Government uses “site safety level” to assess the flood risk of major floodplains in the prefecture in order to implement an integrated floodplain management system in society. Site safety level is determined based on a risk matrix expressing the relationship between the frequency of inundation and the degree of damage at sites surrounding a river channel complex. A department has been set up for floodplain management separate from river management. The Department of Floodplain Management promotes disaster mitigation measures, such as land use and construction regulations, and conservation of traditional flood control facilities, including flood prevention forests, open levees, and ring levees. Such traditional facilities are highly functional as green infrastructure because they are focused not only on disasters but also on a daily basis in order to wisely utilize local ecosystem service.
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Wantzen, Karl M., Mercedes R. Marchese, Marinez I. Marques, and Leandro D. Battirola. "Invertebrates in Neotropical Floodplains." In Invertebrates in Freshwater Wetlands, 493–524. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24978-0_14.

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Pinay, Gilles, Tim Burt, and Bruna Gumiero. "Floodplains in River Ecosystems." In Water Quality Measurements, 1–15. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470863781.ch1.

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Mant, Jenny, Andrew B. Gill, Martin Janes, and Di Hammond. "Restoration of Rivers and Floodplains." In Restoration Ecology, 214–32. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118223130.ch17.

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Furch, Karin, and Wolfgang J. Junk. "Physicochemical Conditions in the Floodplains." In Ecological Studies, 69–108. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03416-3_4.

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Mitsch, William J. "Reconnecting Rivers to Their Floodplains." In Memoirs of an Environmental Science Professor, 65–72. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003374619-6.

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Junk, Wolfgang J. "General Aspects of Floodplain Ecology with Special Reference to Amazonian Floodplains." In Ecological Studies, 3–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03416-3_1.

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Nishihiro, Jun, Shohei Koike, and Atsushi Ono. "Biodiversity Conservation through Various Citizen Activities in a Flood Control Basin." In Ecological Research Monographs, 225–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6791-6_14.

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AbstractFlood control basins (FCBs) are artificially constructed facilities with the potential to conserve the biodiversity of floodplain ecosystems. However, the intensity of disturbance in FCBs is generally lower than that in natural floodplains; thus, habitats for plants with disturbance-dependent life histories and for animals that use temporary waters or mudflats can be lost in the years following FCB construction. Here, the Asahata FCB in Shizuoka city, Japan, was studied as an example, where the species diversity of wetland plants has been conserved as a result of diverse activities. Although most activities had objectives other than biodiversity conservation, they contributed to conserving plant diversity and providing habitats for endangered plants. The FCB is a green infrastructure that not only enables flood control but also supports activities for various purposes. Additionally, its proper use contributes to biodiversity conservation.
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Conference papers on the topic "Floodplains"

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SÂRBU, Daniela, Mihaela DULĂU, Stelian STĂNESCU, Ileana TĂNASE, and Marinela MOLDOVEANU. "Identification and Evaluation of Potential Floodplain Areas Using the Floodplain Evaluation Matrix - Romanian Case Study." In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2021 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2021_10.

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A large number of floodplains got lost due to settlements, infrastructure and agriculture. The reconnection of floodplains plays a significant role considering water retention potential and other aspects such as biodiversity conservation, improvement of water status and river morphology. The delineation and evaluation of potential floodplains and their reconnection capacity require the consideration of the multiple parameters to characterize the effectiveness of floodplains in terms of hydrology/hydraulics, ecology and sociology. In order to delineate floodable area within the lower part of the Desnatui river an unsteady 1D hydrodynamic model has been built up and calibrated, using HEC-RAS software. The Floodplain Evaluation Matrix tool has been applied taking into account the following categories of parameters: hydrology (peak reduction ΔQ, flood wave translation Δt), hydraulics (water level Δh), ecology (connectivity of floodplain water bodies, existence of protected species) and socio-economics (potentially affected buildings, land use). The results showed that identified floodplain areas have high demand for restoration.
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McKenna, Jason R., Kevin B. Parkman, Joseph B. Dunbar, John Lopez, and Mara Johnson. "Geophysical response of floodplains." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2007. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2792721.

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Rochford, F. "Floodplains and sustainable development." In SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING 2013. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp130121.

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Roth, Lawrence H., and Jessica J. Ludy. "Towards Resilient and Sustainable Floodplains." In International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481202.042.

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Martin, J. Michael, and Mark E. Everett. "Hydraulic architecture of alluvial floodplains." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2021. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/sageep.33-100.

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Ellard, Mark, Thomas Amstadt, and Joshua Spence. "Innovative Percolation Modeling for Floodplains." In Watershed Management Conference 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41143(394)115.

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Florea, Lee, and Sarah Burgess. "KARST TERRAINS AS FORGOTTEN FLOODPLAINS." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-383653.

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Ivanova, Natalia. "Some aspects of the water salinity dynamics in the floodplain ecosystems." In International Conference of Young Scientists on Meteorology, Hydrology and Environmental Monitoring. Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/icys-mhem.2023.032.

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Global climate change, often low water content of rivers, as well as changes in the hydrological regime of water bodies as a result of various anthropogenic activities are displayed in the change in the hydrochemical regime of water bodies, namely in the increase in the total dissolved solids and salinity of water. The processes of salinization of freshwater water bodies, their reasons and possible consequences for the environment and humans have being actively researched in recent years. Fluctuations in the water surface level and temporary drying of water bodies can be one of the factors affecting the change in salinity of water in a water body. Significant level fluctuations are characteristic of floodplain ecosystems, for example, for the Stentsivsko-Zhebriyansky Plavni (floodplains) (SZhP), which are the object of research in this work. The purpose of the work is to conduct monitoring studies and analyze the dynamics of water salinity in the floodplain ecosystem of the SZHP. The methods used are expedition research, measurement of salinity and the total dissolved solids using the AZ-8603 multifunctional conductometer, as well as analysis of previous research. Stentsivsko-Zhebriyansky Plavni are especially valuable wetlands of the lower Danube River in terms of biodiversity. Their modern total area is about 78.11 km2, of which 72,34 km2 have been part of the Danube Biosphere Reserve (Ukraine) since 1998. This is a complex of water bodies, watercourses and wetlands, formed approximately 2 000 years ago. These wetlands are floodplains of the lower Danube River, as well as its tributaries - the small steppe rivers Murza, Laptysh, Chatal, Dunaets. Among the reservoirs of the SZhP, it is worth noting the Velykiy and Maly Soloni, Pozhezhny, Grabovsky and Zhebriyansky estuaries. Since 1978, due to the construction of the Danube-Sasyk canal, the SZhP was divided into two parts - Stentsivsky (43 km2) and Zhebriyansky(28 km2). Today, the only combination of parts is a siphon-type duiker with a cross section of 8 m2 under the channel, which is often clogged with reed rhizomes, plant residues, garbage and does not perform its functions. Today, the flow from the floodplains into the sea is regulated, and the inflow of seawater into the wetlands is almost impossible. But at the same time, the total dissolved solids and salinity of water in different parts of the floodplains are higher than the indicators of fresh water – in the winter of 2023, the water salinity ranged from 2.93 g/dm3 near the duiker on the side of the Zhebriyansky plavni to 6.02 g/dm3 near lock № 5 (near the Primorske-Vylkove freeway). In the winter and spring of 2023, the complete drying of reservoirs was observed in some areas. In May 2023, the flow of Danube water into the flood plain was restored. As a result, the water level rose by an average of 0.3 m. At the same time, the salinity of the water near the duiker decreased to 0.81-0.83 g/dm3 (June 2023), and near lock № 5 to 2.12-2.15 g/dm3. At the same time, in different parts of the Zhebriyansky estuary, the indicator fluctuated within the range of 0.82-1.69 g/dm3, while in the bottom layer the indicator increased by 10-110 mg/dm3. In the part of Zhebriyansky floodplains separated by an earth dam, which dried up in winter, the water salinity was 5.77 g/dm3, and in the coastal zone of the Velykiy Soloni Estuary, which was also waterless as early as April 2023, it was 9.99-17.8 g/dm3. Such significant water salinity affects both the hydroecosystem and coastal vegetation, and should be taken into account when choosing to maximize certain ecosystem services during the economic use of these water bodies.
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Han, Fengxiang X., Yi Su, and David L. Monts. "Current Mercury Distribution and Bioavailability in Floodplain Soils of Lower East Fork Popular Creek, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40260.

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The objectives of this study were to investigate the current status of mercury distribution, speciation and bioavailability in the floodplain soils of Lower East Fork Poplar Creek (LEFPC) after decades of US Department of Energy’s remediation. Historically as part of its national security mission, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Y-12 National Security Facility in Oak Ridge, TN, USA acquired a significant fraction of the world’s supply of elemental mercury. During the 1950s and 1960s, a large amount of elemental mercury escaped confinement and is still present in the watershed surrounding the Y-12 facility. A series of remediation efforts have been deployed in the watersheds around the Oak Ridge site during the following years. The sampling fields were located in a floodplain of LEFPC of Oak Ridge, TN, USA. A series of surface soils (10–20 cm) were sampled from both wooded areas and wetland/grass land. Two 8×8 m fields were selected in the woodland. Five profiles each consisting of three layers were randomly taken from each field. The three layers were the surface layer at 0–10cm, subsurface layer at 50–60 cm, and bottom layer at 100–110 cm. Soil in both wood and wetland areas was well developed with a clear B horizon. The present study clearly shows that the total mercury in floodplain soils of LEFPC significantly decreased after the series of remediation. This study confirmed the long-term effectiveness of these remediation actions, especially after excavation of highly contaminated floodplain soils. However, the average total mercury level of all soil samples collected are in the range of 50–80 mg/kg, still significantly above toxic level (&gt; 5mg/kg). Furthermore, contrary to conventional believing, the major mercury form in current soils of this particular area of floodplain of LEFPC is mainly in non-cinnabar mercury bound in clay minerals (after decades of remediation). The floodplains can act both as a medium-term sink and as long-term sources. Native North American earthworms (Diplocardia spp.) and adjacent soils were taken from each spot in each field. Our results show strong linear relationships between mercury concentrations in earthworms (both mature and immature groups) and non-cinnabar mercury form, while cinnabar mercury is less bioavailable to native earthworms. Earthworms may be used as a potential mercury ecological bio-indicator (bio-marker) for demonstrating mercury bioavailability and ecotoxicity in the ecosystem. The long-term stability, mobility and bioavailability of mercury contaminants in these floodplains still needs to be monitored continuously and closely.
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Rocha, Geraldo César. "Fertile Soils from the Amazon Floodplains." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)209.

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Reports on the topic "Floodplains"

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Fendorf, Scott, Marco Keiluweit, Rene Boiteau, and Christian Dewey. Final Technical Report: Deciphering controls on metal migration within floodplains. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2281024.

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Swanson, David. Tree investigations in the Noatak National Preserve, Alaska, 2011?2022: Old-growth and new forests. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301700.

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Tree rings in the Noatak National Preserve provide information about the growth of trees at the cold limit of tree survival in northwestern North America. The present study was based on cores and other tree measurements (tree basal area, height, and number per unit area) of white spruce (Picea glauca) and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) trees taken from 39 permanent monitoring plots (34 with coreable trees) at three locations in the Preserve. The tree rings widths were measured and then normalized using a 50-year smoothing spline to remove the effects of growth variations through the life cycles of the trees. Old-growth white spruce forests, which here include numerous trees over 200 years old and some that are more than 300 years old, form open stands on well-drained slopes. Stands of younger trees that became established in the 1900s are present near elevational tree-line, and in small groves on tussock tundra. These younger stands are interpreted primarily as the result of forest expansion due to climate warming, though re-establishment of trees after wildfire is also possible in the tussock tundra. On river floodplains and terraces, stands of both white spruce and balsam poplar were also initiated in the 1900s, but here the youth of the trees is probably due to colonization of new areas exposed by river channel migration. Both the old-growth and younger forests showed continuing growth (as expressed by an increase in stand basal area) between our initial visit in 2011 and re-visit in 2021 or 2022, with the greatest increases occurring on floodplains. Tree rings showed much year-to-year variation in width, but the effect of individual cold summers was surprisingly weak. Some of the major global climate perturbations due to volcanic eruptions were visible in the tree ring record, but the resulting ring growth was generally no worse than other bad growth years within a few decades of the volcanic event. Tree ring width was statistically correlated more closely with the average warmth of several preceding growing seasons (as expressed by the annual sum of thaw degree-days) than with the current year?s or the previous year?s warmth alone. This is probably due to the cumulative effect of several years? warmth (or cold) on the conditions in the tree rooting zone, on the amount of foliage available for photosynthesis, and the level of stored reserves in the tree.
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Van Lonkhuyzen, R., S. Yin, and I. Hlohowskyj. A survey of the wetlands and floodplains of the borrow area and wetland/shorebird complex for the remedial action at the chemical plant area of the Weldon Spring Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/26529.

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McFarlane, Aaron, Nia Hurst, Carina Jung, and Charles Theiling. Evaluating soil conditions to inform Upper Mississippi River floodplain restoration projects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48451.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has designed and constructed thousands of acres of ecosystem restoration features within the Upper Mississippi River System. Many of these projects incorporate island construction to restore geomorphic diversity and habitat, including floodplain forests. Soils are the foundation of the ecological function and successful establishment of floodplain forests as they are the basis through which plants obtain water and nutrients and provide critical ecosystem services. To improve floodplain forest island restoration outcomes, three natural and four recently (<10 years) constructed restoration sites were studied to compare soil physical, chemical, microbial, and fungal characteristics. Constructed islands had lower soil organic matter and dissolved organic carbon and differed in nutrient concentrations, bacterial assemblages, and fungal communities compared to reference sites. However, soil enzyme activity and some microbial community characteristics were functionally similar between the natural and created sites. Results align with previously established restoration trajectory theories where hydrological and basic microbial ecosystem functions are restored almost immediately, but complex biologically mediated and habitat functions require more time to establish. Data from this and future studies will help increase the long-term success of USACE floodplain forest restoration, improve island design, and help develop region-specific restoration trajectory curves to better anticipate the outcomes of floodplain forest creation projects.
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undefined, undefined, and undefined. Estimating the Water Requirements for Plants of Floodplain Wetlands. The Nature Conservancy, May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3411/col.05280048.

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Yeager, Kevin M. Floodplain sedimentology and sediment accumulation assessment – Savannah River Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1234549.

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Payne, Barry S., and Andrew C. Miller. Mussels Associated with Floodplain Channels Connected to the Apalachicola River. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403666.

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Afonina, Ekaterina Yu, and Mydygma Ts Itigilova. Zooplankton in Small Floodplain Lakes of the Ilya River Basin. LJournal, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/2500-1701-2017-12-1-121-128.

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9

Schattman, Rachel. Farming the floodplain: New England river governance in a changing climate. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.6949554.ch.

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River governance is notoriously complex. Climate change will alter how people interact with rivers. Will current river governance structures serve us in the future? Or is it time to reconsider our current rules and regulations?
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10

Moran, Mark, Todd Griffith, and Al Stroh. The Iowa City 100-Year Floodplain : Land Uses and Management Options. University of Iowa, May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/71vc-0fln.

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