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Academic literature on the topic 'Flood Frequency Curve'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Flood Frequency Curve"

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Ibeje, Andy Obinna, and Ben N. Ekwueme. "Regional Flood Frequency Analysis using Dimensionless Index Flood Method." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 2425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091627.

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Hydrologic designs require accurate estimation of quartiles of extreme floods. But in many developing regions, records of flood data are seldom available. A model framework using the dimensionless index flood for the transfer of Flood Frequency Curve (FFC) among stream gauging sites in a hydrologically homogeneous region is proposed. Key elements of the model framework include: (1) confirmation of the homogeneity of the region; (2) estimation of index flood-basin area relation; (3) derivation of the regional flood frequency curve (RFFC) and deduction of FFC of an ungauged catchment as a product of index flood and dimensionless RFFC. As an application, 1983 to 2004 annual extreme flood from six selected gauging sites located in Anambra-Imo River basin of southeast Nigeria, were used to demonstrate that the developed index flood model: , overestimated flood quartiles in an ungauged site of the basin. It is recommended that, for wider application, the model results can be improved by the availability and use of over 100 years length of flood data spatially distributed at critical locations of the watershed. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091627 Full Text: PDF
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Li, Jianzhu, Kun Lei, Ting Zhang, Wei Zhong, Aiqing Kang, Qiushuang Ma, and Ping Feng. "A framework for event-based flood scaling analysis by hydrological modeling in data-scarce regions." Hydrology Research 51, no. 5 (September 11, 2020): 1091–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2020.042.

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Abstract Flood scaling theory is important for flood predictions in data-scarce regions but is often applied to quantile-based floods that have no physical mechanisms. In this study, we propose a framework for flood prediction in data-scarce regions by event-based flood scaling. After analyzing the factors controlling the flood scaling, flood events are first simulated by a hydrological model with different areally averaged rainfall events and curve number (CN) values as inputs, and the peak discharge of each subcatchment is obtained. Then, the flood scaling is analyzed according to the simulated peak discharge and subcatchment area. Accordingly, the relationship curves between the scaling exponent and the two explanatory factors (rainfall intensity and CN) can be drawn. Assuming that the flood and the corresponding rainfall event have the same frequency, the scaling exponent with a specific flood frequency can be interpolated from these curves.
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Acreman, M. C., and A. Werritty. "Flood frequency estimation in Scotland using index floods and regional growth curves." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 78, no. 4 (1987): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026359330001124x.

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ABSTRACTThe index flood/regional growth curve method is the most commonly used procedure for estimating a design flood at an ungauged site in the United Kingdom when only the instantaneous peak discharge is required. This paper summarises recent work in Scotland in which the authors have refined the equations for estimating the index flood from the physical characteristics of the drainage basin and have proposed new methods for classifying basins to increase the hydrological homogeneity of the regions on which the growth curves are based. A new algorithm for estimating regional growth curves is reported which allows for correlation between flood magnitude at different sites. Simulation experiments are described which highlight the consequences of the data failing to meet the assumptions of the models used.
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Bomers, Anouk, Ralph M. J. Schielen, and Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher. "Decreasing uncertainty in flood frequency analyses by including historic flood events in an efficient bootstrap approach." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 8 (August 29, 2019): 1895–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1895-2019.

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Abstract. Flood frequency curves are usually highly uncertain since they are based on short data sets of measured discharges or weather conditions. To decrease the confidence intervals, an efficient bootstrap method is developed in this study. The Rhine river delta is considered as a case study. We use a hydraulic model to normalize historic flood events for anthropogenic and natural changes in the river system. As a result, the data set of measured discharges could be extended by approximately 600 years. The study shows that historic flood events decrease the confidence interval of the flood frequency curve significantly, specifically in the range of large floods. This even applies if the maximum discharges of these historic flood events are highly uncertain themselves.
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Kusumastuti, D. I., I. Struthers, M. Sivapalan, and D. A. Reynolds. "Threshold effects in catchment storm response and the occurrence and magnitude of flood events: implications for flood frequency." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 5 (October 23, 2006): 3239–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-3-3239-2006.

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Abstract. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the effects of selected catchment storage thresholds upon runoff behaviour, and specifically their impact upon flood frequency. The analysis is carried out with the use of a stochastic rainfall model, incorporating rainfall variability at intra-event, inter-event and seasonal timescales, as well as infrequent summer tropical cyclones, coupled with deterministic rainfall-runoff models that incorporate runoff generation by both saturation excess and subsurface stormflow mechanisms. Changing runoff generation mechanisms (i.e. from subsurface flow to surface runoff) associated with a given threshold (i.e. saturation storage capacity) are shown to be manifested in the flood frequency curve as a break in slope. It is observed that the inclusion of infrequent summer storm events increases the temporal frequency occurrence and magnitude of surface runoff events, in this way contributing to steeper flood frequency curves, and an additional break in the slope of the flood frequency curve. The results of this study highlight the importance of thresholds on flood frequency, and provide insights into the complex interactions between rainfall variability and threshold nonlinearities in the rainfall-runoff process, which are shown to have a significant impact on the resulting flood frequency curves.
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Kusumastuti, D. I., I. Struthers, M. Sivapalan, and D. A. Reynolds. "Threshold effects in catchment storm response and the occurrence and magnitude of flood events: implications for flood frequency." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 4 (August 20, 2007): 1515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1515-2007.

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Abstract. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the effects of selected catchment storage thresholds upon runoff behaviour, and specifically their impact upon flood frequency. The analysis is carried out with the use of a stochastic rainfall model, incorporating rainfall variability at intra-event, inter-event and seasonal timescales, as well as infrequent summer tropical cyclones, coupled with deterministic rainfall-runoff models that incorporate runoff generation by both saturation excess and subsurface stormflow mechanisms. Changing runoff generation mechanisms (i.e. from subsurface flow to surface runoff) associated with a given threshold (i.e. saturation storage capacity) is shown to be manifested in the flood frequency curve as a break in slope. It is observed that the inclusion of infrequent summer storm events increases the temporal frequency occurrence and magnitude of surface runoff events, in this way contributing to steeper flood frequency curves, and an additional break in the slope of the flood frequency curve. The results of this study highlight the importance of thresholds on flood frequency, and provide insights into the complex interactions between rainfall variability and threshold nonlinearities in the rainfall-runoff process, which are shown to have a significant impact on the resulting flood frequency curves.
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Aprilia, R., E. Hidayah, and D. Junita K. "Frequency ratio application for mapping flood susceptibility in Welang Watershed, East Java." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 930, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/930/1/012095.

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Abstract Flood is one of the disaster threats downstream of Welang river, Pasuruan. A flood susceptibility map is needed to anticipate floods disasters. This research aimed to map flood Susceptibility in the Welang watershed using a Geographical Information System. In determining flood hazard, the Frequency Ratio (FR) approach was used. Flood locations were identified from the interpretation of field survey data as training data and model validation. The data were represented in a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) map, geological data, land use, river data, and Landsat Satellite Imagery and processed into a spatial database on the GIS platform. The factors that caused flooding consisted of Flood inventory, slope, Elevation, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Flow Accumulation, Distance to the river, River Density, Rainfall, Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Landuse. The map results with acceptable accuracy showed that the FR model gained an Area Under Curve (AUC) value of 90%, and the incidence for the Area Under Curve ( AUC ) was 93%. It is known that 1% of the flood-prone area is very high. The local Government can use the research to minimize the risk of flooding in the Welang watershed.
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Kuczera, George. "Correlated Rating Curve Error in Flood Frequency Inference." Water Resources Research 32, no. 7 (July 1996): 2119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96wr00804.

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Muzik, I., and S. J. Pomeroy. "A geographic information system for prediction of design flood hydrographs." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): 965–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-108.

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A geographic information system (GIS) supporting a flood hydrograph prediction software package is described. The hydrograph prediction method is based on the convolution of excess rainfall with a synthetic unit hydrograph, derived by the Soil Conservation Service runoff curve number and a regional dimensionless unit hydrograph method, respectively. The GIS uses a raster method to store the following data: land use and land cover, soil type, rainfall intensity–frequency–duration statistics, runoff curve numbers (CN), regional dimensionless unit hydrograph, and regional lag-time relationship. The GIS has also the capability of computing a number of watershed and hydrologic parameters required for predictions, such as a watershed average rainfall and CN value, area, centroid, stream length, etc. Most of the data for such computations are input from a digitizer. Substantial time and cost savings are possible once the data base has been created. Application of the system is illustrated by an example of predicting flood frequency curves for selected watersheds in Alberta's Rocky Mountain foothills. Key words: geographic information system, flood hydrograph, curve number, hydrologic simulation, flood frequency.
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Qiao, Changlu, Guotao Cai, Yanxue Liu, Junfeng Li, and Fulong Chen. "Study of the Flood Frequency Based on Normal Transformation in Arid Inland Region: A Case Study of Manas River in North-Western China." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (July 13, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5229348.

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Flood disaster is one of the natural disasters which cause the most serious economic losses, the most casualties, and the greatest social impact. Flood frequency analysis is very important for reducing flood disaster. In this paper, based on the flood data of Manas River and tools of Box–Cox and Johnson normal transformation, the nonparametric statistical method for flood frequency analysis is studied in order to analyze the adaptability between it and the rivers in arid region of north-western China. The calculation result of the fitness index is divided into two parts: high flood discharge and low flood discharge. One of the two evaluation indexes has an advantage in fitting, and the number of advantages of the three methods in each part has been counted. After analysis, for the flood peak discharge frequency of rivers in arid region of north-western China, the frequency curve of Johnson transformation fits best with empirical data. The high flood discharge advantage is 6, and the low flood discharge is 4. For the flood volume frequency of rivers in arid region of north-western China, Box–Cox transform fits well with empirical data at the high flood discharge frequency curve, and its advantage is 12; Johnson transformation has a better fit between the low flood discharge frequency curve and empirical data, and its advantage is 12. Therefore, it is the way of improving the precision of flood frequency analysis to use the method of P-III distribution and normal transformation comprehensively.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flood Frequency Curve"

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Mason, David W. "Modelling the effect of flood plain storage on the flood frequency curve." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386709.

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A stochastic rainfall-runoff model has been developed to generate synthetic series of floods, which are routed through idealised channel-flood plain configurations using a hydraulic flood routing model. Results are presented which show the effect of varying six geometrical parameters which are thought to be important in the transformation of flood frequency curves.
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Tanaka, Tomohiro. "Extreme flood frequency analysis and flood risk curve development considering spatiotemporal rainfall variability." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217150.

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Moaven-Hashemi, A. "A simulation analysis of climatic and basin factors affecting the flood frequency curve." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405333.

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A single site Neyman-Scott point process model of rainfall, with convective and stratiform cells (Cowpertwait, 1994; 1995), has been employed to generate synthetic rainfall inputs to a rainfall runoff model. The time series of the potential evapotranspiration (ETp) demand has been represented through an AR(n) model with seasonal component, while a simplified version of the ARNO rainfall-runoff model (Todini, 1996) has been employed to simulate the continuous discharge time series. The model incorporates a saturation excess runoff production component, and a routing component based on a network width function and a linear parabolic transfer function. All these models have been parameterised in a realistic manner using observed data and results from previous application, to obtain ‘reference’ parameter sets. Continuous hourly time series of rainfall and potential evapotranspiration, of length 10000 years, have been generated using the reference parameter sets for both models. They have been then used as inputs to the rainfall runoff model, and an hourly time series of discharges has been generated from which the annual maximum flood peaks have been extracted and plotted against the Gumbel variate. Subsequently, perturbations to the model parameters have been made through two approaches: a) the analysis initially was performed by perturbing the parameters one-at-a-time and the sensitivities of the generated annual maximum rainfall and flood frequency curves (unstandardised, and standardised by the mean) have been assessed graphically and with the assistance of several statistics (a) of the annual maximum rainfall and peak flood values and (b) of the soil moisture content at the storm arrival time. Overall, the sensitivity analysis described in this research suggests that the soil moisture regime, and, in particular, the probability distribution of soil moisture content at the storm arrival time, can be considered as a unifying link between the perturbation to the several parameters and their effects on the standardised and unstandardised ffcs, thus revealing the physical mechanism through which their influence is exercised. However, perturbations to the parameters of the linear routing component affect only the unstandardised ffc; b) the second approach which can be considered as a full sensitivity analysis, the effect of model parameters on the ffc has been assessed through an analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the results obtained from a formal experimental design, where all the parameters are allowed to vary simultaneously, thus providing deeper insight into the interactions between the different factors. This approach allows a wider range of climatic and basin conditions to be analysed and suggests that further investigations are needed to understand better the factors affecting the links between climate and basin characteristics and the ffc properties. Finally, as a complementary study, the simulation modelling approach is evaluated using several properties of the streamflow and annual maximum flood.
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MISHRA, Binaya Kumar. "Enhanced regional frequency analysis for design flood estimation by incorporating NRCS-runoff curve number and synthetic data." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/126503.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第14932号
工博第3159号
新制||工||1474(附属図書館)
27370
UT51-2009-M846
京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻
(主査)教授 寶 馨, 教授 中北 英一, 准教授 立川 康人
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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MASOERO, ALESSANDRO. "Water Resources and Flood Hazard Assessment with Consideration of Anthropic Effects." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2534513.

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Studies on water resources are rarely developed in basins where anthropic impact is negligible; therefore, the flow values are seldom ''natural'' and are often significantly affected by the interference of human works. These alterations of the natural discharges can be due to the presence, along the river network, of interfering hydraulic structures. Interactions between these infrastructures and the natural streamflow are certainly in need of further attention. Two main issues have been studied here in detail: i) the impact on water availability and the variability caused by water abstractions and ii) the flood attenuation effect induced by existing reservoirs, that produces flood hazard mitigation downstream. When working in a regional analysis framework, input data and results should represent the natural conditions. Hence, the alterations due to hydraulics structures embedded into the river network should be removed or introduced carefully. For instance, regional estimates of flood peak discharges do not consider the flood attenuation operated by the existing reservoirs. Nevertheless dams have a significant impact, especially in the nearest areas downstream, that should be accounted for. For the Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta Regions, this flood peak attenuation effect has been studied in detail to provide a correct starting point for further flood hazard studies. On the other hand, to assess the impact of water abstractions on daily discharge data, basic indices of alterations have been defined and an innovative correction model to reconstruct the natural streamflow statistics has been proposed. Non-impacted discharge characteristics are needed to provide a correct regional estimate of water resources availability and, consequently, of the gross hydropower potential. For water use planning purposes or to define the residual hydropower potential, the correction model proposed can also be used backward, adding anthropic effects to non-impacted values of discharge. The relevance of the proposed approach and methods in regional analysis of extreme and average flows is something that can be better recognized only with the effort of systematically characterizing the infrastructures that interfere with the natural hydrology along the river network. The applications made in this work were made possible by a cooperative effort addressed to the realization of a comprehensive Hydrological and Infrastructures Information System for the Regione Piemonte, that constitutes an important laboratory for hydrological simulations in a real world of heavily altered natural processes.
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Ledingham, Jamie Andrew. "The estimation of flood frequency curves by mapping from rainfall frequency curves." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1320.

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Recent large flooding events have reinforced the need for prudent flood risk management. The July 2007 floods in Yorkshire and the Midlands and the November 2009 floods in the Lake District have highlighted the current vulnerability of key infrastructure and the built environment in the UK to flooding. This existing flood risk is coupled with concerns over the potential impacts of future climate change on flood regimes. Therefore, there is a need to develop tools and methodologies to assess the potential impact of likely climate change on flood risk. The link between large rainfall and flow events is first examined, as well as an assessment of the seasonality of these events. This reveals a distinct east-west split in the seasonal concentration of flooding. This work provides a basis for the development of a statistical modelling technique which estimates a catchment flood record on an event basis. The model uses estimates of the flood generating storm and the antecedent conditions to estimate a flow magnitude. The modelled flood record is then transformed into a flood frequency curve using an appropriate statistical method. Extensive testing of the model has assessed its robustness to the length of flood record used in fitting and its sensitivity to the input climate data. Several case studies using the UKCP weather generator show how the method works as well as providing an indication of how future climate changes may affect the flood frequency curve. The frequency curve mapping method developed here performs best on catchments whose flood regime is driven by rainfall. The use of a simple antecedent rainfall accounting method has been shown to perform as well as a quasi-physical soil moisture estimation method. The research undertaken offers several possibilities to develop understanding of flood frequency curves in catchments with short gauged records. This new methodology has the potential for further development and can be used to explore a wide range of future scenarios.
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Guse, Björn Felix. "Improving flood frequency analysis by integration of empirical and probabilistic regional envelope curves." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4926/.

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Flood design necessitates discharge estimates for large recurrence intervals. However, in a flood frequency analysis, the uncertainty of discharge estimates increases with higher recurrence intervals, particularly due to the small number of available flood data. Furthermore, traditional distribution functions increase unlimitedly without consideration of an upper bound discharge. Hence, additional information needs to be considered which is representative for high recurrence intervals. Envelope curves which bound the maximum observed discharges of a region are an adequate regionalisation method to provide additional spatial information for the upper tail of a distribution function. Probabilistic regional envelope curves (PRECs) are an extension of the traditional empirical envelope curve approach, in which a recurrence interval is estimated for a regional envelope curve (REC). The REC is constructed for a homogeneous pooling group of sites. The estimation of this recurrence interval is based on the effective sample years of data considering the intersite dependence among all sites of the pooling group. The core idea of this thesis was an improvement of discharge estimates for high recurrence intervals by integrating empirical and probabilistic regional envelope curves into the flood frequency analysis. Therefore, the method of probabilistic regional envelope curves was investigated in detail. Several pooling groups were derived by modifying candidate sets of catchment descriptors and settings of two different pooling methods. These were used to construct PRECs. A sensitivity analysis shows the variability of discharges and the recurrence intervals for a given site due to the different assumptions. The unit flood of record which governs the intercept of PREC was determined as the most influential aspect. By separating the catchments into nested and unnested pairs, the calculation algorithm for the effective sample years of data was refined. In this way, the estimation of the recurrence intervals was improved, and therefore the use of different parameter sets for nested and unnested pairs of catchments is recommended. In the second part of this thesis, PRECs were introduced into a distribution function. Whereas in the traditional approach only discharge values are used, PRECs provide a discharge and its corresponding recurrence interval. Hence, a novel approach was developed, which allows a combination of the PREC results with the traditional systematic flood series while taking the PREC recurrence interval into consideration. An adequate mixed bounded distribution function was presented, which in addition to the PREC results also uses an upper bound discharge derived by an empirical envelope curve. By doing so, two types of additional information which are representative for the upper tail of a distribution function were included in the flood frequency analysis. The integration of both types of additional information leads to an improved discharge estimation for recurrence intervals between 100 and 1000 years.
Abschätzungen von Abflüssen mit hohen Wiederkehrintervallen werden vor allem für die Bemessung von Extremhochwässern benötigt. In der Hochwasserstatistik bestehen insbesondere für hohe Wiederkehrintervalle große Unsicherheiten, da nur eine geringe Anzahl an Messwerten für Hochwasserereignisse verfügbar ist. Zudem werden zumeist Verteilungsfunktionen verwendet, die keine obere Grenze beinhalten. Daher müssen zusätzliche Informationen zu den lokalen Pegelmessungen berücksichtigt werden, die den Extrembereich einer Verteilungsfunktion abdecken. Hüllkurven ermitteln eine obere Grenze von Hochwasserabflüssen basierend auf beobachteten maximalen Abflusswerten. Daher sind sie eine geeignete Regionalisierungsmethode. Probabilistische regionale Hüllkurven sind eine Fortentwicklung des herkömmlichen Ansatzes der empirischen Hüllkurven. Hierbei wird einer Hüllkurve einer homogenen Region von Abflusspegeln ein Wiederkehrintervall zugeordnet. Die Berechnung dieses Wiederkehrintervalls basiert auf der effektiven Stichprobengröße und berücksichtigt die Korrelationsbeziehungen zwischen den Pegeln einer Region. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine Verbesserung der Abschätzung von Abflüssen mit großen Wiederkehrintervallen durch die Integration von empirischen und probabilistischen Hüllkurven in die Hochwasserstatistik. Hierzu wurden probabilistische Hüllkurven detailliert untersucht und für eine Vielzahl an homogenen Regionen konstruiert. Hierbei wurden verschiedene Kombinationen von Einzugsgebietsparametern und Variationen von zwei Gruppierungsmethoden verwendet. Eine Sensitivitätsanalyse zeigt die Variabilität von Abfluss und Wiederkehrintervall zwischen den Realisationen als Folge der unterschiedlichen Annahmen. Die einflussreichste Größe ist der maximale Abfluss, der die Höhe der Hüllkurve bestimmt. Eine Einteilung in genestete und ungenestete Einzugsgebiete führt zu einer genaueren Ermittlung der effektiven Stichprobe und damit zu einer verbesserten Abschätzung des Wiederkehrintervalls. Daher wird die Verwendung von zwei getrennten Parametersätzen für die Korrelationsfunktion zur Abschätzung des Wiederkehrintervalls empfohlen. In einem zweiten Schritt wurden die probabilistischen Hüllkurven in die Hochwasserstatistik integriert. Da in traditionellen Ansätzen nur Abflusswerte genutzt werden, wird eine neue Methode präsentiert, die zusätzlich zu den gemessenen Abflusswerten die Ergebnisse der probabilistischen Hüllkurve – Abfluss und zugehöriges Wiederkehrintervall - berücksichtigt. Die Wahl fiel auf eine gemischte begrenzte Verteilungsfunktion, die neben den probabilistischen Hüllkurven auch eine absolute obere Grenze, die mit einer empirischen Hüllkurve ermittelt wurde, beinhaltet. Damit werden zwei Arten von zusätzlichen Informationen verwendet, die den oberen Bereich einer Verteilungsfunktion beschreiben. Die Integration von beiden führt zu einer verbesserten Abschätzung von Abflüssen mit Wiederkehrintervallen zwischen 100 und 1000 Jahren.
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Guse, Björn Felix [Verfasser], and Bruno [Akademischer Betreuer] Merz. "Improving flood frequency analysis by integration of empirical and probabilistic regional envelope curves / Björn Felix Guse ; Betreuer: Bruno Merz." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1218391049/34.

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Brockman, Ruth Roseann. "HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY RELATIONSHIPS AND REGIONAL CURVES FOR THE INNER AND OUTER BLUEGRASS REGIONS OF KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/56.

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Hydraulic geometry relationships and regional curves are used in natural channel design to assist engineers, biologists, and fluvial geomorphologists in the efforts undertaken to ameliorate previous activities that have diminished, impaired or destroyed the structure and function of stream systems. Bankfull channel characteristics were assessed for 14 United States Geological Survey (USGS) gaged sites in the Inner Bluegrass and 15 USGS gaged sites in the Outer Bluegrass Regions of Kentucky. Hydraulic geometry relationships and regional curves were developed for the aforementioned regions. Analysis of the regression relationships showed that bankfull discharge is a good explanatory variable for bankfull parameters such as area, width and depth. The hydraulic geometry relationships developed produced high R2 values up to 0.95. The relationships were also compared to other studies and show strong relationships to both theoretical and empirical data. Regional curves, relating drainage area to bankfull parameters, were developed and show that drainage area is a good explanatory variable for bankfull parameters. R2 values for the regional curves were as high as 0.98.
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Book chapters on the topic "Flood Frequency Curve"

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Hashino, Michio. "Stochastic Formulation of Storm Pattern and Rainfall Intensity-Duration Curve for Design Flood." In Hydrologic Frequency Modeling, 303–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3953-0_21.

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Farquharson, F. A. K., C. S. Green, J. R. Meigh, and J. V. Sutcliffe. "Comparison of Flood Frequency Curves for Many Different Regions of the World." In Regional Flood Frequency Analysis, 223–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3959-2_18.

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Wilson, E. M. "International Flood Frequency Growth Curves." In Engineering Hydrology, 268–73. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20610-0_11.

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Bénina, Touaibia, Khelfi Mohamed El Amine, and Saeid Eslamian. "Establishment of Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves in Algeria." In Flood Handbook, 343–56. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003262640-21.

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Hardy, Thomas A. "Stage-Frequency Curves for Flooding Due to Wave Overtopping of Seawalls." In Flood Hydrology, 231–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3957-8_19.

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Brema, J., and Minnu K. Benny. "Modelling and Assessment of Flood Discharge Based on Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves in Kuttanad District, Kerala, India." In Groundwater Resources Development and Planning in the Semi-Arid Region, 485–512. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68124-1_25.

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"flood-frequency curve." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 538. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_61669.

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"Frequency Curve Fitting." In Flood Risk Assessment and Management, edited by Dawei Han, 34–43. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/978160805047511101010034.

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Colopy, Cheryl. "Poisoned Blessings." In Dirty, Sacred Rivers. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199845019.003.0023.

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“Any water-related stress you can imagine, we have. Abundance, shortage, pollution. We have them all,” a young woman named Afifa Raihana told me on my first trip to Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Afifa was working for the World Bank at that time, coordinating environmental initiatives, having earlier worked as a journalist. The list of water-related problems in Bangladesh is long and sometimes contradictory: waterlogging as well as desertification, floods along with shortages. Bangladesh sees frequent cyclones and storm surges; it copes with salinity and sedimentation of riverbeds. Industrial chemicals, agricultural runoff, and urban sewage pollute the nation’s ponds and rivers. The problems sometimes stem from the sheer abundance of water in this nearliquid land. In the monsoon, a quarter of the land is regularly inundated. When rivers flood, two-thirds of the land may be covered by water—drowning people and their animals, displacing families, destroying crops. This is the bottom of the Ganges watershed; any water and sediment that has not been held back upstream comes to rest here or washes into the Bay of Bengal. On occasion the abundance is a curse, but usually it is a blessing. Maniruzzaman Miah told me that drought is a far greater threat here than floods, which are essential for growing rice and jute and for keeping the water table high. “Rain and the need for rain. That is what Bangladesh is all about. Floods are part of the ecosystem.” The oddly shaped country that is now Bangladesh was once part of a prosperous realm stretching from Bihar to the Bay of Bengal. Bengal, which was partitioned in 1948—half to India, half to Pakistan—was known as the best-educated, most literate, most cultured part of India. It was a grain basket, a seat of Buddhist learning in ancient times, and later had a well-developed textile industry until England’s East India Company strangled it to promote English-made textiles. Britain essentially launched control of the subcontinent from the east. Calcutta was the seat of British power until 1911, when the capital was moved to Delhi.
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Moges, Semu Ayalew, and Meron Teferi Taye. "Regional flood frequency curves for remote rural areas of the Nile River Basin: The case of Baro-Akobo drainage basin, Ethiopia." In Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability, 385–93. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815998-9.00030-0.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flood Frequency Curve"

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"Development of an improved flood frequency curve applying Bulletin 17B guidelines." In 21st International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2015). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2015.l6.alam.

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Osorio, A. L. N. A., and D. S. Reis. "A Bayesian Approach for the Evaluation of Rating Curve Uncertainties in Flood Frequency Analyses." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479858.050.

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Nehrke, Seth M., and Larry A. Roesner. "Influence of Extended Detention BMPs and Traditional Flood Controls on the Flow Frequency Curve of Urban Runoff." In Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage (9ICUD). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40644(2002)184.

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Goldman, David M. "Quantifying Uncertainty in Estimates of Regulated Flood Frequency Curves." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)273.

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Khandel, Omid, and Mohamed Soliman. "Deep Learning Based Framework for Long-term Management of Bridges Considering Climate Change Effects." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2624.

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<p>Hydraulic-related hazards (e.g., flood and scour) are recognized as the leading stressors that threat the safety of bridges during their service life. In addition, climate change has been recently recognized as a significant factor that can drive changes to the frequency and intensity of hydraulic-related hazards. Consequently, current design, management, and decision-making methodologies should adapt to these changes to ensure the satisfactory performance of bridges under these hazards. This paper presents a multi-hazard probabilistic framework that can help bridge officials and decision makers to establish flood fragility curves with respect to service life and variability of the future floods. In this paper, downscaled climate data, adopted from the global climate models, are employed to predict future flood hazards at a given location. Time-variant scour depth profiles based on the predicted streamflow data are then estimated and used to predict the future condition of the bridge. Deep learning networks and finite element modeling are then employed to quantify the structural performance of the investigated bridge under applicable hazards. The proposed framework is illustrated on an existing bridge in Oklahoma.</p>
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Stoyanova, Vesela, Snezhanka Balabanova, Georgy Koshinchanov, Valeriya Yordanova, and Silviya Stoyanova. "A COMBINED HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDRAULIC MODEL FOR FLOOD APPLIED TO THE DOWNSTREAM KAMCHIA RIVER." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/3.1/s12.02.

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Future climate scenarios of the Global Circulation model (GCM) show an increased frequency of heavy rainfall events, which may lead to more severe floods. It is also expected that more and more areas will suffer due to flooding as a result of growing urbanization. Public attention has increased in many parts of the world in recent years and calls have been made to improve flood warnings, including the United States, the European Union and Australia (Hapuarachchi, H.A.P, and Q.J. Wang 2008). To respond and manage flood hazard there is a need to provide a high spatial resolution flood forecast and with sufficient lead time. This study presents an approach for creation of a forecast model based on the analysis of historical hydrometeorological data from conventional and automatic monitoring networks of the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in Bulgaria. The study area is the downstream Kamchia river watershed. Real-time water level observations and calculated discharges based on temporary rating curves are used to dynamically adjust the runoff forecasting. In this paper an approach for combining a hydrological model (TOPKAPI) and a twodimensional hydraulic model (HEC-RAS) for flood simulation is presented. Hydrological modelling is used for forecasting the outflow at a hydrometric station (43800) on Kamchia River near the village of Grozdyovo. The 2D hydraulic HEC-RAS model is used for simulating rainfall - runoff process in Kamchia watershed downstream of the village of Grozdyovo and the results from the hydrological modeling are used as an input data. In this paper the results of using operational hydrological data and forecast precipitation totals for flood simulation is presented.
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Soong, T. W., and T. D. Straub. "Flood-Frequency Curves Estimated by Regional Regression Equations and Simulated Flood Series in the Ungaged Areas of Blackberry Creek Watershed, Illinois." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)357.

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Bačić, Mario, Meho Saša Kovačević, Danijela Jurić Kaćunić, Lovorka Librić, Marijan Car, Kenneth Gavin, Irina Stipanović, and Cormac Reale. "Classification of a flood protection infrastructure based on its vulnerability to various loads." In 7th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2022.1471.

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The intensity and frequency of flood events is increasing due to climate change impact and accompanying precipitation extremes. However, the impact of a given flood event depends critically on the resilience of the flood defence system, primarily a network of earth embankments and riverbanks. The paper presents the efforts conducted within the ongoing project oVERFLOw, where advanced methodology for vulnerability assessment of critical infrastructure is designed to identify the weakest link in flood protection network. The methodology utilizes the results of advanced asset condition assessment procedures, while sets of relevant loads cover wide range of possible actions for ultimate limit state. As the main output of vulnerability assessment activities, fragility curves are developed. Based on the vulnerability assessment results, the classification and development of inventory of critical infrastructure follows. The validation of methodology is demonstrated on the network of riverbanks and embankments protecting the city of Karlovac from the influence of Kupa river.
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Feng, Zhanjun, Weibin Wang, Wenqiang Tong, Keyi Yuan, Zandong Han, and Yifang Chen. "Storage Tank Floor and Wall Defect In-Situ Inspection With Ultrasonic Guided Wave Technique." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31065.

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Large storage tanks for oil storage are widely used in petrochemical industry. Corrosion in the tank floor and wall is a serious threat for environmental and economic safety. Owing to their unique potential for long-range, in-plane propagation through plates, Ultrasonic Guided Waves (UGW) offer an obvious solution in the development of an on-board structural health-monitoring (SHM) system, providing assessment of structural integrity for storage tank floor and wall defect in-situ inspection. This paper presents this application by focusing on their propagation through the plate structure. Even very small mechanical discontinuity or geometry change of plate structure, e.g. corrosion defect on tank floor, will influence the propagation characteristic of the guided waves. These effects are measured as mode changes, frequency shifts or filtering, reflection and diffraction of new ultrasonic modes or overall distortion of the original ultrasonic signals. By capturing and analyzing these changes we can deduct the corrosion defect of the tank floor and wall which causes the ultrasonic signal change and interactions. The T/R transducers are required to be attached on the outer edge of the tank floor and outer surface of the tank wall. The technique is developed based on the Lamb wave transmission tomography. Starting from the dispersion curve and choosing the appropriate wave mode, the propagation of the guided waves in the tank floor and wall has been carried out through numerical simulation and the experiment has been conducted for verification using the full-size oil storage tank. The low frequency guided waves can propagate longer distance in planar and tubular structures. The later has been already used in pipeline inspection. The complexity of the application of ultrasonic guided wave in tank floor inspection lies in the object containing multiple lap joint welds along the large diameter of the tank (up to 100 m) and the complicated reconstruction of the two-dimensional defect distribution information. The main scope of the investigation was the application of the ultrasonic transmission tomography for localization of non-uniformities of inside tank floor, taking into account ultrasonic signal losses due to the loading with oil on the top and ground support at the bottom for the tank floor, and the loading with oil inside for the vertical tank wall.
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Shen, Ying-Hsiu, Yin-Nan Huang, and Ching-Ching Yu. "Seismic Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Nuclear Power Plants Using Response-Based Fragility Curves." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-29116.

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Seismic probabilistic risk assessment (SPRA) has been widely used to compute the frequencies of core damage and release of radiation of a nuclear power plant (NPP). In 2011, Huang et al. (2011a, 2011b) published a SPRA methodology with the following characteristics different from the widely used Zion method: (a) seismic fragility curves are defined as a function of structural response parameters, such as floor spectral acceleration and story drift; (b) nonlinear response-history analysis is used to estimate statistical distributions of seismic demands for structural and non-structural components of NPPs; (c) Monte Carlo simulation is used to determine damage states of structural and non-structural components. In the study presented in this paper, the seismic risk of a sample NPP was evaluated using the methodology of Huang et al. (2011a, 2011b). The seismic risk was quantified using the annual frequency of unacceptable performance defined by a sample accident sequence for a sample NPP. The values of seismic risk computed using the methodology of Huang et al. (2011a, 2011b) and Boolean Algebra were compared to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the methodology of Huang et al. (2011a, 2011b). The two procedures generate similar risk values and the methodology of Huang et al. (2011a, 2011b) is more efficient than the procedure using Boolean Algebra.
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Reports on the topic "Flood Frequency Curve"

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Wagner, Anna, Christopher Hiemstra, Glen Liston, Katrina Bennett, Dan Cooley, and Arthur Gelvin. Changes in climate and its effect on timing of snowmelt and intensity-duration-frequency curves. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41402.

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Snow is a critical water resource for much of the U.S. and failure to account for changes in climate could deleteriously impact military assets. In this study, we produced historical and future snow trends through modeling at three military sites (in Washington, Colorado, and North Dakota) and the Western U.S. For selected rivers, we performed seasonal trend analysis of discharge extremes. We calculated flood frequency curves and estimated the probability of occurrence of future annual maximum daily rainfall depths. Additionally, we generated intensity-duration-frequency curves (IDF) to find rainfall intensities at several return levels. Generally, our results showed a decreasing trend in historical and future snow duration, rain-on-snow events, and snowmelt runoff. This decreasing trend in snowpack could reduce water resources. A statistically significant increase in maximum streamflow for most rivers at the Washington and North Dakota sites occurred for several months of the year. In Colorado, only a few months indicated such an increase. Future IDF curves for Colorado and North Dakota indicated a slight increase in rainfall intensity whereas the Washington site had about a twofold increase. This increase in rainfall intensity could result in major flood events, demonstrating the importance of accounting for climate changes in infrastructure planning.
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