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1
Nor Ain Kandari, Puteri, Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi, Pang Jyh Chyang, Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin, Muhammad Hafiz Md Saad, Azman Azid, Nur Surayya Mohd Saudi, and Muaz Mahmud. "Flood Risk Pattern Recognition Analysis in Klang River Basin." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.34 (December 13, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.34.23586.
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This study was implemented to identify the specific factors that lead to major contribution of floods in Klang River Basin. A thirty-year (1987-2017) database obtained from Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), the selected data was analyzed by using integrated Chemometric techniques. The finding from Correlation Analysis revealed strong correlation between stream flow and water level is more than 0.5 (= 0.799). The finding from Principal Component Analysis proved that the selected parameters were significant with the result of R2 > 0.7was applied as a main tool for further analysis. Based on the result, it revealed that stream flow and water level were the most significant hydrological factor that influenced flood risk pattern in Klang River basin. Based on the result from Statistical Process control (SPC), the finding showed that the Upper Control Limit (UCL) for water level was 30.290m. The plotted data which is more than 30.290 m can cause flood to occur in Klang River Basin. Thus, it is very important to continuously monitor and maintain the mitigation measure of flood in the study area to avoid flood to occur. This study also helps to provide visualization of flood pattern and show the optimal rates for the maximum limit for flood control in Klang River Basin.
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R, Rajendran. "Post Flood Study on the Incidence of Leptospirosis in Alappuzha District of Kerala, India." Journal of Communicable Diseases 53, no. 03 (September 30, 2021): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202148.
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Alappuzha district was severely affected by floods due to the intense rainfall in August 2018. A three member team with the assistance of local health workers was entrusted to assess the post flood situation and to assist the local health department to extend expertise mainly to control infectious diseases and propose suggestions regarding hygiene and sanitary measures to be taken for health and wellbeing of the community. Among the infectious diseases, Leptospirosis poses a significant public health issue in the flood affected areas of Alappuzha district. Majority of households had taken chemoprophylaxis for Leptospirosis as per standard protocol as also temporary rehabilitation camps in the flood affected areas. There was no episode of Acute Diarrheal Diseases (ADD), found in clusters in any of the areas. The number of dengue fever cases reported in post flood period was less when compared to previous year. Risk assessment is essential in post-disaster situations mainly concerned with the rapid implementation of control measures through refurbishment and improvement of health care delivery. The findings presented relate to an assessment carried out in Alappuzha district in September 2018 that included epidemiological situation analysis, appraisal of laboratory facilities for microbiology investigations, evaluation of health facilities and infrastructure available at Local Self Governments (LSGs).
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Afiqa Adila Zakaria, Nurul, Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi, Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin, and Muhammad Hafiz Md Saad. "Flood Risk Index Assessment: Case Study in Lenggor River Basin, Johor, Malaysia." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.34 (December 13, 2018): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.34.26875.
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The objective of this research is to determine the correlation of selected hydrological variables, to analyzed the significance factors influenced the occurrences of flood, to propose the flood control limit system and establish new flood risk index model in Lenggor River Basin based on secondary data derived from Department of Drainage and Irrigation (DID). Application of Chemometric technique such as Spearman’s Correlation Test, Principle Component Analysis, Statistical Process Control and Flood Risk Index created the most efficient results. Result shows water level has strong factor loading of 0.78 and significant for flood warning alert system application. The Upper Control Limit (UCL) for the water level in study area is 33.23m, while the risk index for the water level set by the constructed formula of flood risk index consisting 0-100. The results show 20.6% classified as High Risk Class with index range from 70 and above. Thus, these findings are able to facilitate state government to come out with a comprehensive plan of action in strengthening the flood risk management at Lenggor River basin, Johor.
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Afiqa Adila Zakaria, Nurul, Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi, Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin, and Muhammad Hafiz Md Saad. "Flood Risk Index Assessment: Case Study in Lenggor River Basin, Johor, Malaysia." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.34 (December 13, 2018): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.34.27388.
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The objective of this research is to determine the correlation of selected hydrological variables, to analyzed the significance factors influenced the occurrences of flood, to propose the flood control limit system and establish new flood risk index model in Lenggor River Basin based on secondary data derived from Department of Drainage and Irrigation (DID). Application of Chemometric technique such as Spearman’s Correlation Test, Principle Component Analysis, Statistical Process Control and Flood Risk Index created the most efficient results. Result shows water level has strong factor loading of 0.78 and significant for flood warning alert system application. The Upper Control Limit (UCL) for the water level in study area is 33.23m while the risk index for the water level set by the constructed formula of flood risk index consisting 0-100. The results show 20.6% classified as High Risk Class with index range from 70 and above. Thus, these findings are able to facilitate state government to come out with a comprehensive plan of action in strengthening the flood risk management at Lenggor River basin, Johor.
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Afiqa Adila Zakaria, Nurul, Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi, Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin, and Muhammad Hafiz Md Saad. "Flood Risk Index Assessment: Case Study in Lenggor River Basin, Johor, Malaysia." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.34 (December 13, 2018): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.34.27389.
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The objective of this research is to determine the correlation of selected hydrological variables, to analyzed the significance factors influenced the occurrences of flood, to propose the flood control limit system and establish new flood risk index model in Lenggor River Basin based on secondary data derived from Department of Drainage and Irrigation (DID). Application of Chemometric technique such as Spearman’s Correlation Test, Principle Component Analysis, Statistical Process Control and Flood Risk Index created the most efficient results. Result shows water level has strong factor loading of 0.78 and significant for flood warning alert system application. The Upper Control Limit (UCL) for the water level in study area is 33.23m while the risk index for the water level set by the constructed formula of flood risk index consisting 0-100. The results show 20.6% classified as High Risk Class with index range from 70 and above. Thus, these findings are able to facilitate state government to come out with a comprehensive plan of action in strengthening the flood risk management at Lenggor River basin, Johor.
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Kiluva, Mary, Wanyonyi E.S, and Wakhungu J.W. "Water Balance Evaluation for Flood Risk Reduction in the Yala River Basin, Western Kenya." Journal of Climate Change and Sustainability 4, no. 1 (June 2, 2022): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20987/jccs.02.06.2022.
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The Yala River Basin (YRB) in Western region of Kenya has in the past experienced climate and weather extreme events that include floods. Floods have triggered loss of lives, destruction of property, outbreak of water borne diseases and siltation of arable land. This study utilized the Nedbør-Afstrømnings-Model (NAM) hydrologic model (available in the NAM Module of the MIKE 11 hydrodynamic model) on the Yala River Basin (YRB) to generate flood flows for water balance evaluation. The study utilized satellite imagery data for the period 1984-2010 sourced from the Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development, rainfall (1980-2012) and river discharge (1947-2012) data sets from the Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD) and the Water Resources Management Authority (WARMA), respectively. Data quality control was statistically checked before sensitivity analysis, calibration, validation, and simulation of the flood flows. Daily water balance estimates for the Yala River Basin (YRB) over the period 1980-2010 were developed using the NAM hydrologic model. The results indicate that the mapped flood area extent varied by a value of 34.23 km2 over the period 1980-2010. The Yala River Basin (YRB) indicated an estimated inflow value of 4,814.72 MCM and outflow value of 4,578.23 MCM, with a coefficient of determination of 0.867. The difference between the inflow and outflow values was 236.49 MCM, that formed the flood flow or the water balance. This study concluded that the water balance value of 236.49 MCM was responsible for the floods recorded in the Yala River Basin (YRB) for the period 1980-2010, and it should be taken care of through flood risk reduction initiatives.
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Abd Halim, Marhanisa, Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi, Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin, Muaz Mahmud, Arvind Bala Krishnan, and Khairul Nizam Mohd Isa. "Assessment on Regional Flood Risk Trend in Northern Region of Malaysia: Case Study in Muda River Basin, Kedah." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.34 (December 13, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.34.23584.
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Flood is a major issue during monsoon season in Northern region of Malaysia especially in Muda River Basin. This study focused on the specific hydrology parameters that lead to the flood events in Muda River Basin, Kedah. There were 4 hydrologic parameters for thirty years of collected data from selected hydrology monitoring stations provided by Department of Irrigations and Drainage, Malaysia. The study applied Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and result shown that stream flow and suspended solid stand with highest correlation of coefficient variables with the changes of water level in the study area. Statistical Process Control (SPC) applied in this study was to determine the control limit for every selected parameter obtained from PCA. The Upper Control Limit value for water level reported from SPC analysis in the study area was 7.568m and starting from this level and above, the risk of flood is high to occur in the study area. This research proved that the flood risk model created in this study was accurate and flexible for flood early warning system at Muda River Basin.
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Mohammad Sofyan. "Community Satisfaction of the Urban Flood Control System Improvement Project (UFCSI)." Ilomata International Journal of Social Science 1, no. 1 (October 30, 2019): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52728/ijss.v1i1.36.
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The purpose of this study is to encourage ownership, responsibility and to develop stakeholders and policy makers for the river normalization program in the pre-construction, construction and post-construction stages. The use of the IPA method to measure community satisfaction in the quadrants on the Importance Performance Matrix map. The results of the study showed that the socialization from the Department of Water and Public Works, when the project was finished, was not in line with community expectations. Flood control projects that have been built, coordination with the contractor at the time of project implementation, socialization from the city government prior to project implementation, socialization from the city government when the project is finished, socialization from the river hall at the time before project implementation, socialization from the river hall at the time the project was completed, dissemination of information from the irrigation service prior to project implementation, and community involvement in project implementation. The process of land clearing, and the price agreement that has been reached. Improved land clearing, and price agreements that have been reached can be reconsidered because their impact on the benefits felt by the community is very small.
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Doho, Faiza Mahdi, Julius Afolabi Falola, and Sulaiman Yunus. "Vulnerability Dynamics and Urban Flood Hazardscape Pattern: A Geospatial Analysis in Gombe City, Nigeria." Geosfera Indonesia 7, no. 2 (August 28, 2022): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v7i2.28233.
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In many Nigerian states, urban flooding has resulted into the death of numerous people and destruction of properties worth billions of Naira. This study examined the vulnerability dynamics and urban flood hazardscape pattern within Gombe city with a view to providing bases for policy formulation (where necessary), enforcement and decision making on flood risk reduction for enable sustainable urban development. ASTER DEM and Landsat images (2000, 2010 and 2019) was used to generate Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and impervious surface areas. Rainfall data for 2000-2018 was used to examine rainfall trend using regression analysis. The result revealed that flood hazardscape and vulnerability dynamics are largely influenced by physical and social factors. The results for vulnerability dynamics shows that as at 2000, about 1.4km2 lies on the relatively low vulnerable area,4.1km2falls within the moderate, and about 14.6km2 falls on critical area. By 2010, only about 1km2 lies on the relatively low area, 5.2km2 occupied the moderate and about 15km2was found within the critically vulnerable area. In 2019, the vulnerability dynamics depicts that about 33.4km2, impervious surface (builtup area) existed, out of which 2.8km2 lies on the low vulnerable area, 9.4km2 on the moderately vulnerable and 21.2km2 in critically vulnerable areas. It is concluded that flood hazardscape and vulnerability dynamics in Gombe city is influenced by both physical and anthropogenic factors. It is recommended that planning departments should put into consideration urban flood hazardscape maps for future development so as to reduce the risk and control future exposure flood impact.
Keywords : Impervious surfaces; Feature extraction; Hazardscape; Urban flood; Vulnearbility dynamics
Copyright (c) 2022 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
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Khan, MNH, MY Mia, and MR Hossain. "Impacts of Flood on Crop Production in Haor Areas of Two Upazillas in Kishoregonj." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 5, no. 1 (August 7, 2012): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11581.
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Haor is basin like structure where water remains either stagnant or in flash flooding condition during the months of June to November. In Bangladesh, haor areas are covered by Boro rice and produce a large amount. Severe flood damage this boro crop, so that the study was conducted to know the land use pattern and impact of flood on boro rice production. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were collected as survey sampling method (questionnaire, FGD, PRA etc.) from Itna and Mithamoin Upazilla where total respondents were 119. Secondary data were collected from Upazilla Administrations and Department of Agricultural Extension. Mainly descriptive statistics were employed to analyzing the data using MS Excel and SPSS. Most of the respondents were farmer. Major portion of their cultivable land are low land. Rabi is the only cropping season and during Kharif 1, and Kharif 2 lands became fallow due to inundate on flood water. In rabi season boro is the main crop and damaged by flash flood due to unavailability of controlling measures. Flood control measures would be taken to prevent huge loss of boro rice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11581 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 193 198, 2012
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Mirahesti, Enov Sayu Mimanggar. "Evaluation of Pre-disaster Planning of Bengawan Solo River Flood Bojonegoro Regency Year 2014." Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi 4, no. 2 (February 5, 2017): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v4i2.2016.262-274.
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Early year of 2014 flood was ranked first in the natural disasters with 69 incidences. Bengawan Solo floods is an annual natural disastersin Bojonegoro. Study’s results in 2011 showed that RHA activities was not maximum that pre-disaster activities should be evaluated. Based on management functions, planning is the very first step. Evaluation of pre-disaster planning is the earliest thing to do to minimize the disasters impact. This study aimed to evaluate activities of floods pre-disaster planning in Bojonegoro year 2014. Data were collected by interview anddocument study. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that based on input components, SOP and facilities had met the standard, while the staff, the type of data, and funds had’nt metthe standard yet. Based on process component, contingency planning had been done according to the standard. Both geomedic mapping and identification of social and economic in the process of activities planning of prevention, mitigation, and disaster response preparedness actions didn’t conduct. Based on the output component, the health department already had a contingency plan, but didn’t have geomedic maps and prevention, mitigation, and disaster response preparedness actions plan. This study concluded that pre-disaster planning activities of Bojonegoro Regency Health Office wasn’t good. The suggestion given are control SOP, increase the staff amount, complete thedata types, allocate funds, make budgettaryplanning, provide vehicles, conduct identification of social and economic, give training to staffs, and make outline of the geomedicmap and prevention, mitigation, and disaster response preparedness actions plan.Keywords: planning, pre-disaster, floods
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Mirahesti, Enov Sayu Mimanggar. "Evaluation of Pre-disaster Planning of Bengawan Solo River Flood Bojonegoro Regency Year 2014." Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi 4, no. 2 (February 5, 2017): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v4i22016.262-274.
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Early year of 2014 flood was ranked first in the natural disasters with 69 incidences. Bengawan Solo floods is an annual natural disastersin Bojonegoro. Study’s results in 2011 showed that RHA activities was not maximum that pre-disaster activities should be evaluated. Based on management functions, planning is the very first step. Evaluation of pre-disaster planning is the earliest thing to do to minimize the disasters impact. This study aimed to evaluate activities of floods pre-disaster planning in Bojonegoro year 2014. Data were collected by interview anddocument study. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that based on input components, SOP and facilities had met the standard, while the staff, the type of data, and funds had’nt metthe standard yet. Based on process component, contingency planning had been done according to the standard. Both geomedic mapping and identification of social and economic in the process of activities planning of prevention, mitigation, and disaster response preparedness actions didn’t conduct. Based on the output component, the health department already had a contingency plan, but didn’t have geomedic maps and prevention, mitigation, and disaster response preparedness actions plan. This study concluded that pre-disaster planning activities of Bojonegoro Regency Health Office wasn’t good. The suggestion given are control SOP, increase the staff amount, complete thedata types, allocate funds, make budgettaryplanning, provide vehicles, conduct identification of social and economic, give training to staffs, and make outline of the geomedicmap and prevention, mitigation, and disaster response preparedness actions plan.Keywords: planning, pre-disaster, floods
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Kemerer, Jack A., Nancy Hendrickson, and Robert Mullinaux. "A CASE HISTORY: OIL SPILL ONTO THE PRADO FLOOD CONTROL BASIN, A FRESHWATER WETLANDS CLEANUP." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1985, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1985-1-325.
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ABSTRACT During January and February 1983, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted a Clean Water Act funded cleanup of several thousand gallons of crude oil spilled onto the Prado Flood Control Basin in Riverside County, California. The California Department of Fish and Game (CDF&G) requested EPA assistance in the cleanup after recovering over 100 oiled birds, many of which were dead or near death. Representatives from the EPA, the EPA Technical Assistance Team (TAT), and the U.S. Coast Guard Pacific Strike Team (PST) conducted aerial and surface surveys of the impacted area and determined that a speedy cleanup was required in this environmentally sensitive area. The responsible party indicated that his funds were insufficient to perform an adequate and expedient cleanup, necessitating a federally funded cleanup. A number of environmental factors and physical constraints affected the cleanup operation. The basin is a forested wetland supporting a wide variety of wildlife, including migratory waterfowl. The oil was concentrated at the center of the basin in thick willow brush. Removal of the oil had to be performed for the most part manually, with small, recreational-type aluminum boats that provided the only access to the contaminated area. The safety of workers in debris-laden boats had to be considered on several occasions during unfavorable weather conditions.
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BABU, RAM, DHYANI B L, NIRMAL KUMAR, and ROOPAK TANDON. "Rainfall intensity -duration-return period equations and nomographs for Tamil Nadu." Madras Agricultural Journal 88, june (2001): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00319.
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Rainfall intensity-duration-return period equations and nomographs for various stations are required for designing soil conservation and runoff disposal structures and also for planning flood control projects. Such relationships and nomographs for the state of Tamil Nadu were developed during 1978 for few stations namely Madras (Chennai), Tiruchirapalli and Kodaikanal. Presently, long period self recording rainfall data for 18 stations of Tamil Nadu State have been obtained from Indian Meteorological Department, Pune. Based on the data, the intensity-duration-return period equations and nomographs for all the 18 stations have been developed and discussed along with the general equation and nomograph for the State of Tamil Nadu.
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Knight, Robert L., Robert Adams, Colleen O’Brien, and Eduardo R. Davis. "Beltway 8 Wetland Water Quality Project: Constructed Wetlands for Storm Water Polishing and Wetland Mitigation Banking." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1626, no. 1 (January 1998): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1626-02.
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The Harris County Flood Control District is implementing a wetland mitigation bank project that includes highway runoff as a significant water source. Part of this project is being implemented in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation through funding from the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act for water quality improvement. This collaborative effort includes treatment and final polishing of storm water runoff from a portion of Beltway 8, northeast of Houston, Texas. The project includes approximately 89 ha (220 acres) of storm water-polishing wetlands and associated wildlife habitat. The overall train of natural treatment processes includes a tie-in to the existing beltway storm sewer, a surge basin for initial collection and storage of storm water, a pump station and force mail allowing flexible water delivery to the rest of the system, a series of polishing ponds and polishing wetland marshes, and an interconnected array of habitat wetlands and swales including ponds, littoral marshes, and transitional wetland forest areas. Design of the polishing and treatment wetlands balances the multiple goals of water quality improvement, flood-flow retention, and creation of valuable wildlife habitat.
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Pramaningsih, Vita, Slamet Suprayogi, and Setyawan Purnama. "Strategy of Water Pollution Control Base On Social Economic Activitiy, in Karang Mumus River, Samarinda East Kalimantan, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 31 (2018): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183104007.
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Water Pollution in Karang Mumus River caused society behavior along the river. Daily activity such as bath, washing and defecate at the river. Garbage, sediment, domestic waste and flood are river problems should be solved. Purpose this research is make strategy of water pollution control in the Karang Mumus River. Method used observation in the field, interview to the society, industry, public activity along the river and government of environment department. Further create data using tool of Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) to get the strategy to control water pollution in the river. Actors have contribute pollution control are government, industry and society. Criteria to pollution control are society participation, low, human resources and sustainable. Alternative of pollution control are unit garbage storage; license loyalty for industry and waste; communal waste water installation; monitoring of water quality. Result for actor priority are government (0.4); Industry (0.4); Society (0.2). Result for priority criteria are society participation (0.338), low (0.288), human resources (0.205) and sustainable (0.169). Result for priority alternative are unit garbage storage (0.433); license loyalty for industry and waste (0.238); communal waste water installation (0.169); monitoring of water quality (0.161).
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Islam, SK Shaheenur, David M. Castellan, AHM Taslima Akhter, Md Mehedi Hossain, and Md Zakiul Hasan. "Animal anthrax in Sirajganj district of Bangladesh from 2010 to 2012." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 1, no. 3 (February 23, 2016): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v1i3.26444.
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A descriptive study was conducted using secondary surveillance data of animal anthrax from the Epidemiology Unit of Department of Livestock Services (DLS) for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. The objectives of this study were to describe the pattern of animal anthrax in Sirajgong district of Bangladesh from 2010 to 2012 and to assess the current use of anthrax vaccine (Vaccine Coverage) based on animal, time and place. The study found that the disease was more prevalent in this district at the beginning of the early monsoon (Month of May, June when flood water enters) and the late monsoon (Month of September, October, when flood water recedes). Cattle were the predominant animal species affected with anthrax in this district followed by goats and sheep. The overall mean case fatality rate was 30.19%. The numbers of reported anthrax outbreaks in cattle had declined each year with 111 in 2010, 32 in 2011 and 20 in 2012. The annual mean vaccination coverage during the same years was 44.29%, 46.23% and 37.88% respectively. To reduce the number of outbreaks in animals and humans in Sirajganj district the annual vaccination coverage requires improvement. Behavior change through building greater awareness of anthrax is also needed at the farmer level for control and eradication of anthrax in animals as well as human.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 387-395
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Viroj, Jaruwan, Julien Claude, Claire Lajaunie, Julien Cappelle, Anamika Kritiyakan, Pornsit Thuainan, Worachead Chewnarupai, and Serge Morand. "Agro-Environmental Determinants of Leptospirosis: A Retrospective Spatiotemporal Analysis (2004–2014) in Mahasarakham Province (Thailand)." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 6, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6030115.
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Leptospirosis has been recognized as a major public health concern in Thailand following dramatic outbreaks. We analyzed human leptospirosis incidence between 2004 and 2014 in Mahasarakham province, Northeastern Thailand, in order to identify the agronomical and environmental factors likely to explain incidence at the level of 133 sub-districts and 1982 villages of the province. We performed general additive modeling (GAM) in order to take the spatial-temporal epidemiological dynamics into account. The results of GAM analyses showed that the average slope, population size, pig density, cow density and flood cover were significantly associated with leptospirosis occurrence in a district. Our results stress the importance of livestock favoring leptospirosis transmission to humans and suggest that prevention and control of leptospirosis need strong intersectoral collaboration between the public health, the livestock department and local communities. More specifically, such collaboration should integrate leptospirosis surveillance in both public and animal health for a better control of diseases in livestock while promoting public health prevention as encouraged by the One Health approach.
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Lestari, Anna Puji, and Yuliyanto Budi Setiawan. "Transgender Narrative in Public Service Announcement." Jurnal ASPIKOM 5, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v5i2.706.
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After changing its city branding several times, Semarang now has a new city branding, namely "Semarang Variety of Culture." However, the city branding reaped contra from academics and cultural figures because Semarang was considered not sufficient yet in terms of representing its cultural diversity. Responding to this, the Semarang City Government and the Semarang City Public Works Department created a public service advertisement on CCTV socialization for flood control in the city of Semarang with a transgender figure as the ad star. This research was qualitative research designed with Seymour Chatman's Narrative Analysis. The research found a commodification and objectification of transgender people who imitated the feminine style of women in the advertisement. In other words, the public service announcement of Semarang CCTV socialization lowered the femininity, which is synonymous with women.The public service advertisement also violated the moral codes adopted by the majority of the Indonesian people.
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Kovin, O. N. "MONITORING STUDIES OF GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES OCCURRED AT THE LAKE MEAD AREA SINCE IMPOUNDMENT IN 1935 UNTIL BEGINNING OF XXI CENTURY." Вестник Пермского университета. Геология 20, no. 4 (2021): 344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/psu.geol.20.4.344.
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Reservoirs, constructed for flood control, irrigation purposes, electric power and drinking water supply, can trigger significant changes in the geological processes on their territory and surroundings, as well as in climate, biosphere, and environ. In the article presents the results of comprehensive monitoring studies of Lake Mead reservoir on the Colorado River, Nevada, conducted on the request of Bureau of Reclamation of the U.S. Department of the Interior. Lake Mead was created after construction of the Hoover Dam that is one of the first dams on the Colorado River. Experts from geology, geophysics, oceanography, hydrology, and ecology were involved in this study. In result of the comprehensive research, headed by USGS, data on the dynamics of bottom sediments were obtained and analyzed; geodetic measurements of subsidence and earthquakes registration were performed; the main contamination sources were revealed. Furthermore, analysis of collected data allowed estimating the reservoir life up to 400 years.
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RAJNI SHARMA, DIVYA S. KUMAR, A.S. BRAR, and SOM PAL SINGH. "Phenological behaviour of gobhi sarson (Brassica napus L.) and thermal indices as influenced by drip irrigation and fertigation schedules under semi-arid subtropical condition of Punjab." Journal of Agrometeorology 23, no. 4 (November 11, 2021): 416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v23i4.146.
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A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18, at the Research Farm of Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, to study the phenological behaviour of gobhi sarson (Brassicanapus L.) and thermal indices as influenced by drip irrigation (60, 80 and 100% of cumulative pan-evaporation, CPE) and fertigation schedules (60, 80 and 100 % recommended dose of fertilizers, RDF) in comparison with conventional flood irrigation and manual application of fertilizers i.e. absolute control. The pooled data revealed that Brassica irrigated through drip at 100 % of CPE took maximum number of days to attain 50% flowering, 50% siliqua formation and physiological maturity, followed by 80 and 60% of CPE. Higher fertigation levels also delayed the number of days taken to attain various phenological stages. Maximum seed yield was observed at 100% of CPE with 100% RDF which was statistically at par with 100% of CPE with 80% RDF and 80% of CPE with 80 or 100% RDF, but significantly higher than absolute control. Maximum accumulation of heat units along with heat use efficiency (1.49 kg grains ha-1 °C day hour-1) was also obtained at 100% of CPE with 100% RDF.
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Nwaogazie, Ify L., Masi G. Sam, and Chiedozie Ikebude. "Improving Indian meteorological department method for 24- hourly rainfall downscaling to shorter durations for IDF modelling." International Journal of Hydrology 5, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2021.05.00268.
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The development of Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) models for storm drain design and related flood mitigation structures requires rainfall amount and corresponding duration records. To achieve this purpose, three short duration downscaling methods from 24-hourly rainfall amount data were selected for improvement, namely: IMD, AIMD and MCIMD, with the CAMS method used as the experiment control. Three types of general PDF-IDF models (GEVT-1, LPT-3 and ND) were developed based on the downscaling methods yielding goodness of fit (R2) with very high correlation of 0.995–0.999 and model accuracy with mean square error (MSE) of 4.123–7.85. The PDF-IDF models predicted intensities plotted against durations for different return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years, showed visual differences in the predictive performance of the intensities derived from the downscaling methods. Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test of significance at 5% level carried out showed that no-significant difference exist for 15-60 minutes duration, while the difference was significant for durations between 90–300 minutes. The LPT-3 based on MCIMD yielded higher improved performance in prediction of intensities relative to the IMD. The level of improvement ranges from 35.17 to 52.26% and 25.0 to 39.89%; while that of AIMD ranges from 10.97 to 20.87% and 3.33 to 12.53% for 10 and 100 year return periods, respectively. The use of the IMD downscaling method with the LPT-3 PDF-IDF model for design purposes will be justified if modified with some percentage improvement or adjustment factor.
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Dangol, Dharma Raj, and Subodh Khanal. "Status of "Wetland ecology" education and research at the Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science of the Tribhuvan University, Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v3i1.41451.
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Wetlands are considered as the most productive ecosystems and cradles of biodiversity harboring a wide variety of flora and fauna. They maintain and provide a variety of environmental services to the human beings including fish and wildlife habitats, flood protection, erosion control and water quality maintenance (Tiner, 1989). Despite their value, wetlands have suffered from widespread destruction due to misuses and abuses (CP, 2005). Wetlands are threatened by population growth, increased exploitation of biological resources, timber harvest, pollution of various forms, development activities and other forms of mis-management (Kerr et al., 2002). So, wetlands need to be preserved and utilized wisely for the livelihood enhancement. To implement this task, countries need a sufficient number of experts and technical staff who are qualified and enthusiastic to work in the field of wetland conservation. So, the role of universities become crucial to launch academic programs for producing man power that can understand wetland ecology and their services and influence and make policy for wetland conservation and management. Because of their widespread distribution and biological, chemical, and physical complexity, wetlands are excellent “living laboratories” for teaching (Baldwin, 2007).
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Messaros, Roy C. "Application of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Water Budget Manual to Finderne Farms Wetland Mitigation and Assessment of Project Performance." Journal of Ecosystems 2013 (October 1, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/983438.
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The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, NY District’s wetland mitigation proposal for Finderne Farms in Bridgewater, NJ, was approved in August 2005 by the state regulatory agency. The design goal was to provide mitigation for wetlands impacted by the Green Brook Flood Control project at a ratio of 2 : 1. As part of the design process in 2001, the available historical hydrologic data was evaluated. At that time, the NJ Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) Water Budget Manual was not available as a tool for accessing an acceptable design hydroperiod. Construction of the Finderne mitigation site was completed in July 2006. A six-year postconstruction monitoring program has determined that certain areas at the site have not achieved the established wetland success criteria. In 2012, there was a 28% survival of planted woody vegetation and a 74% cover of invasive species within Creation Area 1, a palustrine forested wetland. With the advent of the Water Budget Manual, a reevaluation of the historical hydrologic data was performed. Based on this analysis, the hydroperiod and soil moisture conditions are not representative of sustainable wetlands. Adaptive management measures are currently being developed and evaluated to improve the hydrology, hydric soil conditions, and survival of target vegetation at the Finderne site.
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Ali, Muhammad Yousaf. "Comparative Study of Different Irrigation System for Cotton Crop in District Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 8, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.008.02.3366.
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The biggest responsibility of agriculture department is to produce food and cloth for huge population using the resource getting limited day by day. Water scarcity is most threatening among these limiting factors. New techniques are being developed day by day to utilize the water efficiently. Application of water only in the plant root zone will be one of the water saving technique to grow crops. This will control the losses due to evaporation and leaching. Irrigation to soil does not control the climate variables and precipitation cannot be substituted to irrigation. Sprinkler irrigation could be one of the way to utilize the water efficiently by in time application and reducing the losses of leaching and evaporation along with amelioration of micro climate of the crop. Canals and tube well water is conventionally given to crop through flood irrigation. These fields are in direct threat of evaporation and leaching resulting in excess water losses and damaging the soil quality. The study was designed taking cotton as experimental crop to calculate comparisons in plant growth parameters and yields along with water saving ability of different irrigation system. Maximum yield was obtained from sprinkler irrigation and water was saved under drip irrigation system.
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Huraira, Rifas Abi, and Seinulabdeen Nadhira Jahan. "Paddy Farmers’ Intention to Participate in Agriculture Takaful in Sri Lanka: A Case Study." Talaa : Journal of Islamic Finance 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54045/talaa.v1i2.345.
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Paddy Farmers’ Intention to Participate in Agriculture Takaful in Sri Lanka: A case study Agriculture sector provides significant contribution to the national development thorugh economic growth. Nearly 70% of total population live in rural regions entirely or partially reliant on agriculture industry. Agriculture including paddy cultivation is the main source of income in Sri Lanka which is vulnerable sector by variety of hazards including flood, drought, heavy rain, diseases, and insect infestation. The study aims to measure paddy farmers' intention to participate in agriculture takaful. It was carried out to identify the factors using theory of planned behaviour (TPB) which consists of three aspects namely attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control (PBC). Primary data were collected using questionnaire survey from 160 paddy farmers who were randomly selected from Sammanthurai. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to multiple regression analysis in order to determine the relationships between exogenous and endogenous variables. The results indicate that two factors namely attitude (p=0.000) and perceived behavioural control (p=0.000) have significant influence on paddy farmers' behavioural intention. Moreover, PBC is the highest predictor while subjective norm (p=0.311) has no impact on behavioural intention. This study contributes to takaful operators and takaful marketing department for strategic policies and decision making as well.
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Britch, Seth C. "EARTH FILL INCREASES EFFICACY AND LONGEVITY OF λ-CYHALOTHRIN RESIDUAL INSECTCIDE TREATMENT OF HESCO® BLAST WALL GEOTEXTILE." Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association 67, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v67i1.127634.
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The prevention of vector-borne disease to protect the health and readiness of United States forces in the field continues to be a high priority for the US Department of Defense. Previous studies have demonstrated that the risk of human contact with disease-vector mosquitoes and other biting flies can be reduced by applying an insecticide to perimeters of military materials such as camouflage netting or HESCO blast protection wall geotextile already in place around troops in the field. In this study we investigated whether residual pesticide efficacy will persist in the presence of earth fill that is required for operational use of HESCOs, using a warm temperate field site in north Florida. Results from laboratory bioassays measuring mosquito mortality and field collections of natural mosquito populations indicated superior efficacy and greater longevity of pesticide treated geotextile exposed to soil fill. These findings not only support immediate implementation of this technique in US military field scenarios, but also provide evidence that HESCO technology currently used in natural disaster flood control could be leveraged to protect civilian personnel from emerging floodwater mosquitoes.
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Zulkefli, Zainordin Firdaus, Mohd Hafiz Zawawi, Nurul Husna Hassan, Mohd Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol, Mohamad Aizat Abas, and Ahmad Zhafran Ahmad Mazlan. "Calculating the Moduli Elasticity For Reinforced Concrete Using New Rule of Mixtures Approach for the Dam Structure." MATEC Web of Conferences 217 (2018): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821704003.
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Dam is the important structure use for water domestic store, electricity power supply, irrigation and flood control. Dam deal with reinforced concrete as a main material in construction. the material considerable safe when ability to support external and internal load. the capability of dam material due to safety is effect by degradation. Prevention monitoring must be conducted for high risk structure. Thus, moduli elastic is a mechanical property to measure stiffness and had relationship between stress and strain of material. While non-destructive and destructive testing in site inspection does not include reinforce and give incorrect moduli elasticity. New approach rule of mixture (Rom) with solid work software refer to United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) standard design for small dam, give reliability monitoring with true sustain modulus elasticity of dam structure time by time. the concrete properties for sustain of moduli elasticity standard type gravity concrete dam value is 20.684 GPa. If the value decreases drastically from the standard, high precaution must be taken.
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Szydlowski, Michal, Romuald Szymkiewicz, Dariusz Gasiorowski, Jakub Hakiel, and Piotr Zima. "Hydraulic potential of the Lower Vistula (Poland)." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184003011.
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The Vistula is the largest river in Poland. Lower Vistula (part of the river discussed in this paper) is almost four hundred kilometers long river section extending from the tributary Narew to the outflow to the Baltic Sea. In the 17th century the Vistula was the most navigable river in Europe. After partitioning of Poland the Vistula lost its significance. Now the Lower Vistula should provide a navigation connection to the Europe forming water routes E70 and E40. However it does not meet the criteria required for the international waterways. Moreover, the river has a quite large hydro-energy potential. There have been many plans for the development of the Lower Vistula River so far. Unfortunately none of them has been implemented. In this paper, the authors would like to present their own arguments to reactivate the Lower Vistula Cascade (LVC) project. In order to analyse the LVC idea and Lower Vistula hydraulic potential, a numerical hydraulic model of the Lower Vistula was developed at the Department of Hydraulic Engineering of Gdansk University of Technology. Various aspects of the LVC concept, such a potential inland waterways, hydropower, flood control and water retention, are discussed in the article.
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Ovcharuk, V. A., and M. O. Martyniuk. "Application of the Operator Model for Determination of Maximum Modulus of Spring and Rain Floods at the Rivers within Vistula River Basin inside Ukraine." 36, no. 36 (December 28, 2021): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/1992-4224-2021-36-02.
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Purpose. To substantiate the calculated characteristics of the slope influx and channel runoff, as well as to create a modern methodological basis for rationing the characteristics of the maximum runoff of spring and rain floods in the Vistula River basin within Ukraine. Methods. For calculating the maximum runoff of spring and rain floods, statistical processing of data series was performed according to the method of moments and the maximum likelihood method. The three-parametric gamma distribution was used to calculate the runoff layers and water discharges with a rare probability of exceeding. An operator model developed by E.D. Gopchenko (2001) and modified by V.A. Ovcharuk (2017) was used as a calculation to determine the characteristics of the maximum river runoff. To calculate the duration of the slope influx, a complex method was used using the software complex "Caguar", developed at the Department of Land Hydrology of OSENU. Results. The standard statistical characteristics of the time series of the maximum runoff of spring and rain floods are determined, they were used in further calculations to determine the maximum water runoff and runoff layers with a rare probability of exceeding. The paper substantiates and generalizes on the territory all parameters of the basic operator model of maximum runoff formation: coefficients of time non-uniformity of slope influx and duration of slope influx are determined, transformation function is calculated and maximum modules of slope influx for spring and rain floods are determined. Most of the calculated parameters are generalized by territory using GIS or calculation equations with the minimum amount of required input data. Conclusions. As a result of the study, a regional methodology was developed to determine the maximum runoff of spring and rain floods on the rivers of the Vistula River basin. In contrast to previous developments by domestic authors, the advantage is that the use of the operator model allows the use of a single formula, regardless of the genesis of the maximum runoff and catchment area. The obtained results of the research can be used in the planning of hydraulic engineering construction and flood control measures in the Vistula River basin within Ukraine in order to minimize losses and protect the population from the dangerous effects of water. The proposed model can be used for other areas
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Mostofa, Bornali, Md Zahir Raihan, Mohammad Forhad Hossain, Taneya Farhana, Md Mukul Mia, and Md Abdul Kader. "Effects of long-term mineral fertilization and manuring on rice-rice cropping pattern in sub-tropical floodplain soil." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 1, no. 2 (November 23, 2015): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v1i2.25615.
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An experiment was carried out both boro season (FebruaryJune, 2013) and aman season (July-December, 2013) in the permanent experimental field of the Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. The objectives of present research work were tosee the effects of long-term fertilization and manuring on soil fertility and yield of boro and aman rice in flood plain (Subtropical) soil (AericHaplaquepts). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There were 10 treatment combinations viz, Control, N, NP, NK, NPK, NZn, NS, NSZn, NPKSZn and NPK+FYM. The results indicated that the yield contributing characters and yield of BRRI dhan28 (Boro rice) and BR11 (Aman rice) were significantly increased due to different treatments. For boro rice, the highest plant height (cm), 1000-grain weight (g), effective tiller hill-1 and biological yield (t ha-1) were found in NPKSZn treatment. The highest grain yield and straw yield of boro ricewere also observed in NPKSZn treatment. Grain yield was increased by 71%, 119%, 127%, 132%, 133%, 144%, 161% and 200% over Control in NZn, NS, NK, N, NP, NPK+FYM, NPK, NSZn and NPKSZn treatments, respectively. Straw yield was increased by 82%, 83%, 98%, 110%, 112%, 139%, 145%, and 167% over Control in N, NP, NPK+FYM, NZn, NK, NPK, NSZn, NS and NPKSZn treatments, respectively. Again for aman rice, the highest number of unfilled grain panicle-1, grain yield (t ha-1) and harvest index (%) were recorded in NPKSZn treatment. Grain yield was increased by 79%, 85%, 87%, 97%, 116%, 117%, 159% and 165% over Control in NP, NZn, N, NPK, NPK+FYM, NK, NSZn, NS and NPKSZn treatments, respectively. Straw yield was increased by 119%, 121%, 135%, 142%, 149%, 152%, 200%, 217%, and 246% over Control in NP, N, NPK, NPK+FYM, NK, NZn, NPKSZn, NSZn and NS treatments, respectively.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(2): 222-229
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Ramadhini, Meraty, and Bangun Muljo Sukojo. "Analisa NDVI Citra Satelit Landsat Multi Temporal Untuk Pemantauan Deforestasi Hutan Kabupaten Aceh Utara." Jurnal Inotera 2, no. 1 (July 29, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31572/inotera.vol2.iss1.2017.id16.
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One of the functions of the forest is natural disaster such as flood control and the landslide that is how these forests absorb water into the root of the tree. Most forests in North Aceh Regency is protected forest which has undergone deforestation due to the presence of illegal logging and opening of new land like planting oil palm that impact against water infiltration. This research was conducted to identify deforestation forests in 2000, 2003 and 2015 using the techniques of remote sensing by satellite images landsat landsat 7 and 8. The method used was algorithm NDVI to get the classification of forest distribution and the level of deforestation forests based on the density of the vegetation from the Forestry Department 2003. Analysis of the rate of deforestation and loss of vast forests is done by leveraging the value of NDVI and other supporting data.The results showed that the NDVI value for forest distribution based on vegetation density in 2000 was -0,620438 � 0,628743, in 2003 between -0,364238 � 0,530055 and in 2015 between -0,274592 � 0,642049. The rate of deforestation in the district of North Aceh based on the value of the vegetation index (NDVI) yields 3 classes of deforestation are severe deforestation, light deforestation and not deforested, in 2000 there was deforestation of 25,62%, in 2003 it was 99,91% and in 2015 amounted to 15,89%, most deforestation occurs in production forests.
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Chen, Hao, Zongxue Xu, Yang Liu, Yixuan Huang, and Fang Yang. "Urban Flood Risk Assessment Based on Dynamic Population Distribution and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 16406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416406.
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Floods are one of the most common natural disasters that can cause considerable economic damage and loss of life in many regions of the world. Urban flood risk assessment is important for urban flood control, disaster reduction, and risk management. In this study, a novel approach for assessing urban flood risk was proposed based on the dynamic population distribution, improved entropy weight method, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the principle of maximum membership, and the spatial distribution of flood risk in four different sessions or daily time segments (TS1–TS4) in the northern part of the Shenzhen River Basin (China) was assessed using geographic information system technology. Results indicated that risk levels varied with population movement. The areas of highest risk were largest in TS1 and TS3, accounting for 7.03% and 7.07% of the total area, respectively. The areas of higher risk were largest in TS2 and TS4, accounting for 4.54% and 4.64% of the total area, respectively. The findings of this study could provide a theoretical basis for assessing urban flood risk management measures in Shenzhen (and even throughout China), and a scientific basis for development of disaster prevention and reduction strategies by flood control departments.
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Feryadi, Agus, and Nurly Gofar. "EFFECT OF CHANGING IN FREE WATER LEVEL ON THE STABILITY OF RIVER EMBANKMENT." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/jts.v18i1.3933.
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The construction of Levee or river embankment is one method adopted for flood control in Palembang. The stability of the embankment is affected by water seepage inside the embankment due to several factors including rainfall as well as the repeated rise and fall of water surface in the sea due to gravity of moon and sun. Palembang is located 106 km from the east coast of Sumatra, thus the free water surface in Musi river and its tributaries is affected by the sea level. The stability of the levee is affected by the repeated change in the water level which induces changing seepage direction. This paper discusses the stability of levees constructed along Sungai Lacak, one of Musi river tributaries. In this case the stability of the existing levees was evaluated for different conditions of free water level i.e. normal, low tide and high tide. Analysis was also conducted for the case when the levee was constructed following the guidance in Standard Nasional Indonesia (SNI 1724-2015) and Guidelines of Public Work Department (2017). Improvement on the stability was obtained if the embankment was to be rebuilt according to the specification given in the standard. The presence of riprap protects the embankment from the effect of changing seepage direction due to the rise and fall of water level, thus increased the safety factor of the ideal levee during high tide from 1.270 to 2.325.
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Shi, Yong, Jiahong Wen, Jianchao Xi, Hui Xu, Xinmeng Shan, and Qian Yao. "A Study on Spatial Accessibility of the Urban Tourism Attraction Emergency Response under the Flood Disaster Scenario." Complexity 2020 (December 3, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9031751.
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With the ultrahigh-speed, large-scale development of tourism and the increasing frequency, intensity, and scope of extreme natural hazards in the context of climate warming, tourism has entered a high-risk era. Based on the central urban area within the outer ring of Shanghai as the research area and the tourism attraction as the research object, this paper takes the flood scenario simulation combined with GIS network analysis to evaluate the spatial accessibility of the emergency response of urban key public service departments (120) under current and future river flood scenarios in different return periods. The results of the study show that, (1) under the current and future flood scenarios, the submergence range is mainly distributed within 2 ∼ 3 km along the banks of the Huangpu River, and it tends to increase from north to south; (2) there are 6, 9, and 21 tourism attractions in the emergency blind area under the once-in-a-century floods in 2010, 2030, and 2050 and 98, 105, and 112 tourism attractions in the emergency blind area under the once-in-a-millennium floods in 2010, 2030, and 2050, respectively; (3) in the flood scene, local road traffic in the inundation area is interrupted by water, and 120 first aid cannot get or be delayed to some tourist attraction (blind area); and (4) in 2030, under the normal and flooding scenarios, 120 first aid in the downtown area of Shanghai has the fastest route to tourism attractions according to the speed of S1, S2, S3, and S4. The flooding intensity (range and water depth), road traffic conditions (vehicle flow speed), and the number and location of key public service departments jointly determine the service scope and response time of medical emergency in urban floods. Since the flood control area of the central city in Shanghai is mainly distributed in the 2 ∼ 3 km area on both banks of the Huangpu River, the impact of flood on the emergency medical service in the entire central city is limited, mainly in some hospitals in the riverside area, where 120 emergency vehicles are unable or delayed to reach some tourism attractions. The research indicates that the quantitative assessment method of spatial accessibility of the emergency response under flood scenario simulation has important scientific value and practical significance, which can provide decision-making basis for emergency management of tourism in China’s urban flood disaster.
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Mistry, Shivangi, and Falguni Parekh. "Flood Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Network." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1086, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1086/1/012036.
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Abstract The process of assessing the timing, amount, and period of flood events based on observed features of a river basin is known as flood forecasting. Floods cause lots of damage to properties and create a risk to human life. Flood forecasting is critical for developing appropriate flood risk management strategies, reducing flood hazards, evacuating people from flood-prone areas. The main objective of this study is to apply artificial neural networks for forecasting of river flow in the Deo River, located in Gujarat. Rainfall and discharge are the parameters considered for model development. The developed model is validated to test the accuracy of the model. Trained and validated models are evaluated using performance indices. Six alternative flood prediction models have been developed using ANN. These models are developed based on various training algorithms. A single layer feed forward back-propagation neural network with six different training algorithms (Scaled conjugate gradient, Levenberg Marquardt, Resilient back-propagation, Conjugate gradient, and Cascade forward back propagation, Bayesian regularization) was developed, with 70% of the data used for training and 30% for validation. The created models’ performance is assessed using statistical performance parameters. The best performance was obtained with an ANN model developed using the Cascade forward back-propagation training algorithm, which had a coefficient of correlation (r) of 0.83, a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.70, and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 5.58 for training and a coefficient of correlation (r) of 0.89, a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.70, and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 7.27 for validation. The forecast inflow is very close to the observed values. This study shows that ANN can be used to successfully predict floods, and the model developed can be used by flood control departments across the country for flood forecasting.
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TENGİLİMOĞLU, Emre Safa, and Bülent BULDU. "THE EFFECTS OF FOREST FIRES IN THE SUMMER 2021 ON FIRE FIGHTINGS ANTALYA FIRE DEPARTMENT EXAMPLE." SOCIAL SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 7, no. 32 (July 15, 2022): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31567/ssd.671.
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Disasters (earthquake, flood, tsunami, forest fires, etc.) experienced in the world due to global warming and climate changes continue to increase. Unfortunately, these disasters, which have increased in the world, have also been reflected in our country. Forest fires in the period of July-August 2021 are among the largest recorded forest fires in history. Forest fires in the period of July-August 2021 are among the largest recorded forest fires in history. Between these dates, a total of 135 thousand hectares of land, including the rural area, unfortunately burned in the forest fires in the province of Antalya. During the fire, evacuation was carried out in nearly 50 neighborhoods. Unfortunately, the fire turned into a Level 3 disaster and hundreds of buildings were damaged. The fact that the damaged buildings were heavily damaged and moderately damaged increased the size of the material damage. Unfortunately, 250 people were injured and 7 people died in the fires. The fire also adversely affected wildlife, and as a result, hundreds of small and large animals living in the forest lost their lives, along with hundreds of small cattle and sheep. Fire brigades from all over our country, especially the Antalya Fire Brigade, participated in the intervention efforts to forest fires in order to extinguish this fire without losing time and take it under control. Disaster Management; It can be defined as an integrated struggle process that includes all the necessary factors to reduce the damage caused by the negative effects of disasters and to carry out preventive works, to intervene in the negative situations after the disaster in an effective, fast and timely manner, to reduce the effects of the disaster and to create a safe and new living space for the society. In other words, disaster management is the responsibility of all public institutions and non-governmental organizations in order to reduce the damages of the disaster, to carry out preventive works, to take the precautions before, during and after the disaster, and to plan, coordinate, direct, support and effectively implement the necessary works. It is a multi-disciplinary, multi-actor, multi-faceted, dynamic and integrated risk governance process that requires organizations to use their opportunities and resources in line with the targeted strategic priorities and objectives. Antalya Fire Department has an experienced and dynamic structure in responding to forest fires. It intervened with all its devotion to the forest fires in the summer of 2021 and prevented the fire from causing further damage. Whatever the reason, forest fires turn into disasters when they negatively affect human settlements and the entire ecosystem in the region where they occur. A fact that we experience a lot is the fact that forest fires repeat themselves or have a rotating period. In other words, forest fires are constant and will continue to happen. Therefore, we can deduce that forest fires that occur in certain regions at certain periods or at periodic intervals will repeat themselves. Even in the most developed countries of the world, forest fires unfortunately repeat themselves in certain periods. But we should not forget that a disaster that has happened to us is also an opportunity for a possible disaster that may happen to us later. We need to take advantage of this opportunity and pass the stages of preparedness, mitigation, recovery and response more efficiently before a disaster occurs.
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Chen, Junfei, Qian Li, Huimin Wang, and Menghua Deng. "A Machine Learning Ensemble Approach Based on Random Forest and Radial Basis Function Neural Network for Risk Evaluation of Regional Flood Disaster: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010049.
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The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is one of the most developed regions in China. This is also a flood-prone area where flood disasters are frequently experienced; the situations between the people–land nexus and the people–water nexus are very complicated. Therefore, the accurate assessment of flood risk is of great significance to regional development. The paper took the YRD urban agglomeration as the research case. The driving force, pressure, state, impact and response (DPSIR) conceptual framework was established to analyze the indexes of flood disasters. The random forest (RF) algorithm was used to screen important indexes of floods risk, and a risk assessment model based on the radial basis function (RBF) neural network was constructed to evaluate the flood risk level in this region from 2009 to 2018. The risk map showed the I-V level of flood risk in the YRD urban agglomeration from 2016 to 2018 by using the geographic information system (GIS). Further analysis indicated that the indexes such as flood season rainfall, urban impervious area ratio, gross domestic product (GDP) per square kilometer of land, water area ratio, population density and emergency rescue capacity of public administration departments have important influence on flood risk. The flood risk has been increasing in the YRD urban agglomeration during the past ten years under the urbanization background, and economic development status showed a significant positive correlation with flood risks. In addition, there were serious differences in the rising rate of flood risks and the status quo among provinces. There are still a few cities that have stabilized at a better flood-risk level through urban flood control measures from 2016 to 2018. These results were basically in line with the actual situation, which validated the effectiveness of the model. Finally, countermeasures and suggestions for reducing the urban flood risk in the YRD region were proposed, in order to provide decision support for flood control, disaster reduction and emergency management in the YRD region.
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Zhai, Chang, Zhonghui Zhang, Guangdao Bao, Dan Zhang, Ting Liu, Jiaqi Chen, Mingming Ding, Ruoxuan Geng, and Ning Fang. "Comparing the Urban Floods Resistance of Common Tree Species in Winter City Parks." Land 11, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122247.
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The rapid urbanization process and high-intensity construction mode have greatly changed the underlying surface structure and spatial distribution of the natural land surface, further amplified the possibility of urban floods, and made urban security face more serious threats. Urban forest could help to mitigate urban floods through water holding and interception by its unique structures, especially the litter layer. This paper compared the ability of different forest tree species on urban floods mitigation, through analyzing their litter accumulation, litter water holding characteristics, and water interception features of different decomposed layers. The results concluded that Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. (QM) forest, Betula platyphylla Sukaczev (BP) forest, Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. (LG) forest, and Picea koraiensis Nakai (PK) forest were the best choices for improving urban floods resistance in a high-urbanization winter city, for they had larger litter mass and higher maximum water holding and interception capacity. The corresponding results of this study could help environmental management departments worldwide in the selection of tree species in urban greening projects focusing on urban flood control.
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Zapanta, Ma Justina, A. De Guzman, P. K. Ching, V. C. De los Rey, M. N. Sucaldito, and E. Tayag. "An Outbreak of Leptospirosis in Davao City of Philippines, 2013: An Investigation of the Risky Behaviors that Led to the Resurgence." Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal 7, no. 4 (December 30, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.59096/osir.v7i4.263282.
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On 7 Feb 2013, the National Epidemiology Center in the Philippines Department of Health received a report on increasing number of leptospirosis cases in Davao City after the monsoon flooding. Leptospirosis has been endemic in Davao City and a leptospirosis outbreak occurred in 2011 after a flashflood in the city. Objectives of our investigation were to determine existence of the outbreak, identify source and mode of transmission, and find out risk factors. We reviewed medical records of local hospitals and conducted active case finding in the affected communities. A suspect leptospirosis case was a resident in one of nine flooded districts of Davao City who had fever for two days or more and any of the following: myalgia, conjunctival suffusion, jaundice, anuria/oliguria, hematuria or calf pain from 6 Jan to 15 Feb 2013. Serum samples were collected for laboratory confirmation by microscopic agglutination test and polymerase chain reaction. Key informants were also interviewed. Total 64 suspect leptospirosis cases with six deaths (CFR = 9.4%) were identified. Ages ranged from 14-73 years (median = 33 years), with 86% as males. Among 42 cases, 64% were positive for leptospira spp. Majority of the cases (82%) waded in the flood without any post-exposure prophylaxis and 63% had open wounds on lower extremities when exposed to floodwater. The most affected age group was 21-30 years old (33%). The case-control study showed that wading in floodwater (OR = 11, 95% CI = 1.45-458.37), swimming in floodwater (OR = 3, 95% CI = 1.31-8.00), having contact with moist soil (OR = 3, 95% CI = 1.13-6.49) and having open wounds (OR = 11, 95% CI = 3.61-36.63) were risk factors. Therefore, it was confirmed that there was a resurgence of leptospirosis in Davao City. Intensive health education activities, emphasizing protective clothing and prophylactic treatment might reduce risk for leptospirosis and future outbreaks.
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Monira, Serajam, Mohamed Ahmed Mohamud, Mahadia Faiza Shifa, Bitopi Biswas, and Md Aminul Hoque. "Performance of Different Percentage of Urea as Foliar Fertilizer on Growth and Development of Rice (Rabi dhan1)." Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 3, no. 8 (August 30, 2023): 324–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2023.v03i08.009.
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Nitrogen can dramatically stimulate plant productivity as well as yield potential of intensified agriculture system. The unavailability of Nitrogen fertilizer specially urea during critical period (sowing season, drought, flood.) hamper the rice production. It is noticed in literature that the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizer increased if it is applied in plants through foliage along with soil application. Present research work was planned to evaluate this theme so that the loss of yield due to unavailability of urea can be reduced by foliar application at various growth stages of rice. A research work was conducted to examine the “Performance of different percentage of urea as foliar fertilizer on growth and development of rice (Rabi dhan 1).” at the Agronomy and Agricultural extension Department Field, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh from December 2022-May 2023. Rabi Dhan-1 rice variety with six different percentage of urea as foliar application were used for this experiment. 1. T1= N0% Control, 2. T2= 65% of recommended dose (N 50% as SA + 15% as FA), 3. T3= 70% of recommended dose (N50% as SA + 20% as FA), 4. T4= 75% of recommended dose (N50 % as SA + 25 % as FA), 5. T5= 80% of recommended dose (N60% as SA + 20% as FA) , 6. T6= N100% Soil application (Traditional practice). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The significant effect of liquid fertilizer was found on almost all the parameters under studied. All the phenological and growth parameters showed the highest performance in T4 = 75% of recommended dose (N50 % as SA+ 25 % as FA) and lowest in T1= N0% Control. The result showed that the phenological characters like plant height, total number of tiller hill-1 was highest inT4 while the lowest was in T1. Plant height was increased with the increase of the age of plants. Chlorophyll content increased slowly at the early stage of crop growth and later declined. All the yield contributing characters like plant height, total number of tiller hill-1, effective tiller hill-1, panicle length, number of grains panicle-1, number of filled grain panicle-1, 1000 grain weight and grain yield were varied significantly due to different doses of fertilizer application.
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Tavares, Antonio Clarette Santiago, Sergio Nascimento Duarte, Nildo Da Silva Dias, Francisco Vanies Da Silva Sá, Jarbas Honório de Miranda, and Cleyton Dos Santos Fernandes. "PRODUÇÃO E MATURAÇÃO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR SUBMETIDA A ENCHARCAMENTO EM DIFERENTES ESTÁDIOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO." IRRIGA 22, no. 1 (June 18, 2018): 154–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2017v22n1p154-166.
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PRODUÇÃO E MATURAÇÃO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR SUBMETIDA A ENCHARCAMENTO EM DIFERENTES ESTÁDIOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO ANTONIO CLARETTE SANTIAGO TAVARES1; SERGIO NASCIMENTO DUARTE2; NILDO DA SILVA DIAS3; FRANCISCO VANIES DA SILVA SÁ4; JARBAS HONÓRIO DE MIRANDA2 E CLEYTON DOS SANTOS FERNANDES5 Agrônomo, Prof. Doutor, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, IFNMG, Campus Almenara. antonioirrigacao@yahoo.com.br.2Engenheiro Agrônomo, Prof. Associado 2, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, ESALQ/USP. snduarte@usp.br, jhmirand@usp.br3Agrônomo, Prof. Doutor, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, UFERSA/CCA, Mossoró, RN. nildo@ufersa.edu.br.4 Doutorando, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG. vanies_agronomia@hotmail.com5Graduando, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, UFERSA/CCA, Mossoró, RN. cleyton1959@hotmail.com 1 RESUMO É de interesse agronômico conhecer os mecanismos fisiológicos das plantas mesófitas sob aeração deficiente no solo. Desse modo, esse trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a produção e a maturação da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp, cultivar RB867515) sob cultivo inundado com diferentes velocidades de rebaixamento do nível freático, em três estádios de desenvolvimento de um ciclo de cana planta. Um experimento em ambiente protegido foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial (5 x 3 + 1) x 4, isto é, 5 velocidades de rebaixamento do nível freático (30 cm em 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 dias) e 3 estádios de desenvolvimento (67, 210 e 300 dias após o plantio - DAP) + um tratamento controle (Irrigação sem inundação do solo) com 4 repetições. As análises dos resultados indicaram que o encharcamento não influenciou o acúmulo de biomassas seca e total dos colmos das plantas de cana-de-açúcar, expressando a tolerância desta cultura ao estresse hipóxico. A reversão em biomassa seca dos ponteiros se expressa como um dos mecanismos de tolerância ao estresse hipóxico. Apenas as plantas das parcelas inundadas aos 305 DAP submetida à velocidade de rebaixamento 0,3 m em 12 dias, não apresentou índice de maturação apropriado para a colheita. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Saccharum spp., drenagem, estresse hipóxico, nível freático. TAVARES, A.C.S, DUARTE, S.N., DIAS, N. da S., SÁ, F.V. da S., MIRANDA, J. H. de, FERNANDES, C. dos S. YIELD AND MATURITY OF SUGARCANE UNDER WATERLOGGING IN DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENT STAGES 2 ABSTRACT It’s interesting to know about the physiological mechanisms of mesophytes plants under soils with deficient drainage. Our objective was to investigate the effects of downgrade rate of water table on yield and maturity of sugarcane (Saccharum spp, cultivate 867515) in three developmental stages of a sugarcane cycle cultivation. The plants were cultivated in a greenhouse in an experimental area of the Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz" - ESALQ / USP in Piracicaba-SP. The experiment was carried out applying the flood irrigation system in 3 stages of development (67, 210 and 300 Days After Planting - DAP) with 5 downgrade rate of water table (3, 6, 9; 12 and 15 days) and control (no flood irrigation system). The flooding did not affect the green, dry and total biomass accumulation of sugarcane stems, expressing their tolerance to hypoxic stress. Investment in pointers biomass expressed as mechanisms of tolerance to hypoxic stress. 340 days after sowing only the first and second stems of the plant exhibited satisfactory maturation index harvesting. Keywords: drainage, hypoxic stress, water table.
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Peng, Yinni, and Susanne Y. P. Choi. "Mobile Phone Use among Migrant Factory Workers in South China: Technologies of Power and Resistance." China Quarterly 215 (July 23, 2013): 553–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741013000738.
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AbstractComparing ethnographic and interview data in three contrasting production arrangements in a labour-intensive factory in South China, this article argues that while the mobile phone constitutes a new contested terrain on the shop floor and facilitates control and resistance between capital and labour simultaneously, the dynamics of control and resistance is contingent upon the exact arrangements of production. While the management strictly prohibit line operators in the assembly line department from using their mobile phones, they turn a blind eye towards mobile phone use among workers in the hardware department, and mandate mobile workers who are not fixed at work stations in both departments to use mobile phones. Diverse managerial control tactics have generated different patterns of worker resistance. Workers in the assembly line department employ strategies to evade managerial surveillance and continue to use mobile phones at work covertly. They also contest the double standards of mobile phone use displayed by the management. Workers in the hardware department challenge the boundaries of legitimate mobile phone use, and mobile workers use tactics to escape being tracked down by the management via their mobile phones. Mobile phones also facilitate the strategy of resistance through exit among all workers.
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Sun, Qun, and Xin Wu Zhan. "Research of the Flood Control Rainfall and Flood Regime Information System for Poyang Lake Region Based on GIS." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2765.
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In order to promote development of economy of Poyang Lake region and provide the information of rainfall and flood regime promptly for all levels of departments, the author firstly has designed the project for the system, which includes six modules; secondly has developed and established the system based on ArcGIS by the language of Visual Basic which is object-oriented and visual, the technique of COM which is the current software development technique at present and SQL Server2000 as database server; at last the system has been applied in Poyang Lake area. The application has evinced that it can be used to query real-time and historical information of rainfall and flood regime conveniently and give help for front office to make right project for flood control, which will decrease casualty and property damage to the max.
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Simova, Iskra, Borislav Ganev, Rositsa Velichkova, and Elitsa Gieva. "A concept for flood early warning." E3S Web of Conferences 404 (2023): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340401002.
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Bulgaria is exposed to a number of natural hazards and risks negative consequences have a significant impact on the environment and the population, industry, infrastructure, cultural heritage, etc. Floods are the second most common disaster in Bulgaria. In the present work a statistical analysis of the floods in Bulgaria for the period 2010-2020 is made. The present paper also proposes an idea for an early warning system for floods. The idea is to work on early forecasting, which will help to timely notify municipalities and regional fire departments in order to quickly control the floods and its consequences.
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Kurugundla, C. N., B. Mathangwane, S. Sakuringwa, and G. Katorah. "Alien Invasive Aquatic Plant Species in Botswana: Historical Perspective and Management." Open Plant Science Journal 9, no. 1 (June 14, 2016): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874294701609010001.
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Aquatic ecosystems in Botswana have been under threat by the aquatic alien invasive plant species viz., salvinia Salvinia molesta Mitchell, water lettuce Pistia stratiotes L., and water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laub. While salvinia has been termed the major threat to the Botswana wetlands, water lettuce and water hyacinth are considered to be of minor importance. This review presents the species biology, distribution, historical spread, negative impacts, control achieved right from their discovery in the country by referring to their control and management in the world. Having infested the Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers in the 1970s, salvinia was initially tried by the use of herbicides, paraquat and glyphosate, between 1972 and 1976. With the discovery of the host specific biological control weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands in 1981, the weevil was introduced by Namibians on Kwando and Chobe Rivers in 1983 and by Botswana in 1986 in the Okavango Delta. While the control was slowly establishing in Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers, it became apparent that lakes and perennial swamps within and outside Moremi Game Reserve of the Okavango Delta were infested with salvinia from 1992 onwards. With continuous and sustained liberation of the weevil in the Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers and in the Okavango Delta between 1999 and 2000, salvinia control was achieved by 2003, and since then the weevil constantly keeps the weed at low levels. The success is mainly due to sustainable monitoring through the application of physical and biological control methods. However, salvinia is still threatening the Okavango Delta due to factors such as tourism activities, boat navigation fishing and transporttion by wild animals. The first occurrence of water lettuce was recorded on Kwando and Chobe Rivers in 1986. Its biocontrol weevil Neohydronomous affinis Hustache was released in the year 1987. The weevil became extinct in Selinda Canal and Zibadianja Lake on Kwando River due to dry and wet events for over 10 years and the weed had been under control biologically on Chobe River. Having surface covered the Selinda and a part of the Zibadianja in high flood and rainfall in 1999/2000 season, research was undertaken to contain water lettuce, which led to its eradication by 2005. Regular physical removal of the water lettuce prior to fruit maturity is an effective method of control or eradicating the weed in seasonal water bodies. The Limpopo Basin (shared by Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique) has become vulnerable to water hyacinth infestation. Water hyacinth infested the trans-boundary Limpopo River in 2010 sourced from Hartbeesport Dam on Crocodile River in South Africa. Botswana and South Africa have been consulting each other to implement integrated control of the weed jointly in the Limpopo River. Water hyacinth could be a continuous threat to the dams and the rivers in the Limpopo basin if its control is not taken seriously. These three species are found growing in Botswana in a range of pH between 4.5 and 10.3 and in the range of conductivities between 20 and 580 µS cm-1. Range of soluble nitrates, phosphates and potassium in the habitats of salvinia infestations were 0.02 to 1.5, 0.01 to 1.78 and 0.3 to 6.92 mg L-1 respectively. Water lettuce infestation in the seasonal Selinda Canal had a maximum of 4.7 mg L-1 nitrates, 2.8 mg L-1 phosphates and 7.9 mg L-1 potassium. Nevertheless, these three nutrients were in the range of 0.41 to 9.56 mg L-1, 0.2 to 2.9 mg L-1, and 7.7 to 11.53 mg L-1 respectively in the Limpopo River where water hyacinth infestations were observed. These nutrients were considerably high during decomposition phase of biological control of weeds. The Government of Botswana “regulates the movement and importation of boats and aquatic apparatus, to prevent the importation and spread of aquatic weeds both within and from the neighboring countries” by “Aquatic Weed (Control) Act” implemented in 1986. These measures, combined with communities, conservation groups, NGOs and public awareness campaigns, have highlighted the gravity of aquatic weeds spreading into wetlands, dams and other water bodies. In conclusion, the Government of Botswana is committed and supportive through the Department of Water Affairs in protecting the wetlands of the country efficiently and prudently.
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Barr, Kelli L., Rodney X. Sturdivant, Denise N. Williams, and Debra Harris. "Bacteria Associated with Healthcare-Associated Infections on Environmental Samples Obtained from Two Fire Departments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 11885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211885.
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(1) Background: Firefighters spend about 64% of their time responding to medical emergencies and providing medical care without a patient history, which can render them vulnerable to healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Infection prevention, control, and surveillance systems have been instituted at hospitals. However, the prevalence of firefighters’ exposure to HAI is unknown. The objective of this study was to document evidence of HAI on surfaces in fire stations and engines to inform disinfection procedures and identify which pathogens might contribute to occupational exposures. (2) Methods: High-touch or high-use surfaces of two fire departments were sampled during five separate occasions. One fire station from one fire department was sampled over a 4-week period, whereas four fire stations were sampled from a different fire department only once. Sampled surfaces included: entryway floor, washing machine, medical bag, back seat of engine, keyboard of reporting computer, engine console, and uniform pants. (3) Results: Multiple statistical models determined that bacterial contamination was similar between the two fire departments and their stations. Keyboards were the most contaminated surface for all fire stations and departments, E. coli was the most common bacteria detected, and C. difficile was the least detected bacteria. Adjustments for rates of contamination found that contamination rates varied between fire stations. (4) Conclusions: Comprehensive environmental sampling and clinical studies are needed to better understand occupational exposures of firefighters to HAI.
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Zhang, Dandan, Juqin Shen, Pengfei Liu, Qian Zhang, and Fuhua Sun. "Use of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and Environmental Gini Coefficient for Allocation of Regional Flood Drainage Rights." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062063.
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To solve the flood drainage conflict among different regions of the water basin when the flood occurs, it is of great significance to study the allocation of flood drainage rights. The allocation of flood drainage rights requires flood management departments to consider the influences of socioeconomic differences among different regions on flood control operations to realize sustainable development. Under the pattern of the total amount allocation of “watershed–administrative regions”, the evaluation index system of flood drainage rights allocation incorporated four aspects: natural conditions, level of social development, level of economic development, and technology and management. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) was used to calculate the weight coefficient of each allocation index and the initial distribution’s proportion of the total amount in each region. Land area, population, gross domestic product (GDP), and sewage treatment capacity were selected as the evaluation indexes of the environmental Gini coefficient, and the environmental Gini coefficient method was used to evaluate and adjust the initial allocation of each region. Taking the allocation of flood drainage rights in the Taihu Basin as a case study, the final allocation results were obtained after initial allocation and feedback optimization. By evaluating the environmental Gini coefficient of each evaluation index, it is concluded that the final allocation could meet the requirements of fair allocation in each administrative region and be effectively implemented. Optimal allocation of the flood drainage rights in the Taihu Basin can contribute to overall flood control management, the reduction of flood disasters, and the stable development of society in the basin.
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Affiyanti, Melati Nur, Aprilia Tri Purwandari, and Ahmad Juang Pratama. "Perancangan SOP dan Tata Letak Lantai Produksi Pada LCC Respira V.01 PAPR (Powered Air Purifying Respirator)." JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/sst.v6i1.655.
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<p><strong>The production process of a tool is very important in a manufacturing company, especially in producing medical equipment. The use of medical masks by health workers in handling COVID-19 patients for hours will make medical personnel uncomfortable when wearing them, one of which is congestion. Therefore, the LCC RESPIRA V.01 PAPR (Powered Air Purifying Respirator) was produced, designed by Mr. Ahmad Juang Pratama, who is a lecturer at Al Azhar University Indonesia. In the production of LCC RESPIRA V.01, a standardization of the production process is needed, so that the reliability of the product can be guaranteed. For this reason, the design of the SOP (Standard Operational Procedure) and the layout of the production floor are carried out in the production process of the LCC RESPIRA V.01 tool. The results of this study include the design of a production SOP in which several departments take part in it, namely team leader, head of the production, production operator, research and development department, head of the warehouse, and quality control department. Besides, a production floor layout design is obtained, where the total production floor area is 8.2 x 6.0 m2 with manual and trolley material handling types.</strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong> – <em>C</em><em>ovid-19, </em><em>L</em><em>ayout production floor, </em><em>M</em><em>edical equipment, </em><em>S</em><em>tandard operational procedure</em></p>
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Duan, Yuefang, Shaopeng Chen, Yan Zeng, and Xuetong Wang. "Factors That Influence the Livelihood Resilience of Flood Control Project Resettlers: Evidence from the Lower Yellow River, China." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 2671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032671.
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Land requisition and resettlement of migrants are two major parts of flood control projects. After a large land area was allocated for flood control projects, livelihood resilience of resettlers became a great challenge. In this paper, Puyang County, Taiqian County, and Fan County, Henan Province, China, are chosen for a household survey. An index system to assess farming households’ livelihood resilience is constructed. After that, regression analysis and variance analysis are adopted to examine influencing factors of resettlers’ livelihood resilience. Results suggest the following: (1) Livelihood resilience of resettled farming households is on the whole lower than that of non-resettled farming households; (2) Response to policies, family scale, livelihood strategy, and skill training are major influencing factors of resettled farming households’ livelihood resilience; (3) Compared with other types of farming households, livelihood resilience of farming households with land expropriated is significantly different. In order to enhance resettlers’ livelihood resilience, the government should expand the application scope of follow-up support policies of reservoir resettlement, enhance capability construction of resettlement management departments, strengthen support for resettlers’ employment, combine resettlement with rural revitalization strategy, and improve the social security system for flood control project resettlers.