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Academic literature on the topic 'Floc'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Floc"

1

Mehta, Ashish J., William H. McAnally, Farzin Samsami, and Andrew J. Manning. "REVISITING THE ROLE OF AGGREGATION IN THE SETTLING OF COHESIVE FLOCS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.sediment.17.

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The settling velocity is the single-most important property governing the transport of cohesive flocs in the marine environment. In that regard, the instantaneously changing diameter, density and shear strength of flocs are the defining properties which distinguish floc transport from that of cohesionless particles. Thus, consideration of aggregation, which includes the dynamics of floc growth and breakup due to floc-floc collisions as well as flow-induced shearing of flocs, is a critical component of floc transport modeling.

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Zhu, Zhongfan, Dingzhi Peng, and Jie Dou. "Changes in the two-dimensional and perimeter-based fractal dimensions of kaolinite flocs during flocculation: a simple experimental study." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 4 (November 28, 2017): 861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.603.

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Abstract In this study, Couette flow experiments were performed to estimate the temporal evolution of the 2D and perimeter-based fractal dimension values of kaolinite flocs during flocculation. The fractal dimensions were calculated based on the projected surface area, perimeter length and length of the longest axis of the flocs as determined by sampling observation and an image-processing system. The 2D fractal dimension, which relates the longest axis length and projected surface area of flocs, was found to decrease with the flocculation time, corresponding to the production of some porous flocs from the flow shear. This fractal dimension finally reached a steady state, which resulted from a dynamic equilibrium among the floc growth, floc breakage and floc restructuring. The perimeter-based fractal dimension, which characterizes the relationship between the projected surface area and the perimeter of flocs, increases with flocculation time because the flow shear increases the collisions among the primary particles, and some irregular flocs are formed. The perimeter-based fractal dimension reaches a steady level because of the balance among floc aggregation, breakage and restructuring. In addition, a stronger turbulent flow shear makes the steady state of fractal dimensions occur early during flocculation.

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Gorczyca, Beata, and Jerzy Ganczarczyk. "Flow Rates Through Alum Coagulation and Activated Sludge Flocs." Water Quality Research Journal 37, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2002.025.

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Abstract The liquid velocity inside alum and activated sludge flocs was calculated using the size, settling velocity and permeability of activated sludge flocs. The permeability of activated sludge flocs has been determined experimentally. The permeability of alum coagulation flocs was assumed to be half of the permeability of activated sludge flocs based on the size of the pores in these flocs. The average flow velocity inside an activated sludge floc was calculated to be 1575 µm/s, which is in the range of the flow experimentally measured inside biofilms at a distance of about 100 µm from the substratum by Beer et al. (1995). The flow inside an alum coagulation floc was calculated to be 318 µm/s. The flow velocity inside the same flocs estimated with Davies permeability model were 0.7 µm/s for activated sludge flocs and 20 µm/s for alum coagulation flocs. Therefore, the flow velocities estimated on the basis of experimentally determined permeability were much higher than the velocities calculated with Davies permeability model. Davies permeability model assumes homogeneous distribution of porosity inside an aggregate. Direct observations made during the analysis of floc sections have proven this assumption to be wrong. Flocs have fractal structure and the models predicting their permeability should be based on this feature. Flow rates through alum and activated sludge flocs predicted on the basis of the fractal model of a floc compared well with experimental results.

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Bache, D. H., and S. H. Al-Ani. "Development of a System for Evaluating Floc Strength." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 6-7 (June 1, 1989): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0255.

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A scheme is described as a basis for estimating floc strength by hydrodynamic shearing in a turbulent flow. Preliminary theory indicates the need to evaluate the floc size, its porosity (linked to its effective density in water) and the rate of energy dissipation in a turbulent flow (ɛ). The design and calibration of a vertical vibrating water column is described. Force transducer measurements gave estimates of (the average over the column) whereas a calorimetric technique and fluid tracer analysis provided additional information about ɛ as a function of vertical position. Flocs sedimenting through the column are subjected to increasing stress until a major rupture occurs. Preliminary experiments with clay-aluminium flocs provided insight into the factors controlling strength (σ) e.g. coagulant dose, size, and the number of primary particles within the floc (i) such that σ/i decreases with increasing floc diameter.

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Fukushi, K., N. Tambo, and Y. Matsui. "A kinetic model for dissolved air flotation in water and wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 3-4 (February 1, 1995): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0514.

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A kinetic model for DAF is presented. The author's kinetic model consists of the equations for describing a process of bubble-floc collision and attachment in a mixing zone, and a rise velocity of bubble-floc agglomerates in a flotation tank. The attachment process is formulated on a population balance model with bubbles and flocs as a flocculation in a turbulent flow. The rise velocity of bubble-floc agglomerates is formulated with size of flocs and composition of flocs including the floc density function and attached bubble number. The experimental verification was carried out, using a batch flotation tested and a mini-plant with synthetic clay suspension and colored water. The results successfully verify the validity of the model. From a given condition such as floc size and attached bubble number, the rate and extent of removal by DAF can be readily assessed by the model. A single-collector collision model, often discussed in some occasions, seems to be not useful to describe the DAF process.

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Bache, D. H., E. Rasool, D. Moffat, and F. J. McGilligan. "On the Strength and Character of Alumino-Humic Flocs." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 9 (November 1, 1999): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0448.

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The paper describes the size, density and strength of flocs gained from a humic acid suspension coagulated with aluminium sulphate over a range of dose and pH. Flocs were generated on a continuous flow basis in an oscillatory mixer. Particle size measurements were gained using CCTV and image analysis. From this, a maximum floc size (d95) was identified. A second series of experiments examined the floc sizes of the bulk precipitate alone under equivalent conditions. It was found that the overall floc sizes of the two suspensions were broadly similar, suggesting that the floc strength was dominated by a common bonding mechanism irrespective of the presence of the humic colloids. Some features of the size distribution in response to dose and pH were attributed to the influence of surface charge. Upper floc sizes were proportional to the Kolmogorov length (η) with d95/η ∼1. For typical levels of mixing, the floc strength was estimated to be on the order of 0.1 N m−2. By analysing the breakage kinetics in energy terms and relating the strength to the density of individual floc, a physically-based structural model was developed to explain the response of the floc size to the prevailing state of mixing.

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Ren, T. T., F. Xiao, W. J. Sun, F. Y. Sun, K. M. Lam, and X. Y. Li. "Investigation of the shape change of bio-flocs and its influence on mass transport using particle image velocimetry." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 8 (February 8, 2014): 1648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.063.

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In this laboratory study, an advanced flow visualization technique – particle image velocimetry (PIV) – was employed to investigate the change of shape of activated sludge flocs in water and its influence on the material transport characteristics of the flocs. The continuous shape change of the bio-flocs that occurred within a very short period of time could be captured by the PIV system. The results demonstrate that the fluid turbulence caused the shift of parts of a floc from one side to the other in less than 200 ms. During the continuous shape change, the liquid within the floc was forced out of the floc, which was then refilled with the liquid from the surrounding flow. For the bio-flocs saturated with a tracer dye, it was shown that the dye could be released from the flocs at a faster rate when the flocs were swayed around in water. The experimental results indicate that frequent shape change of bio-flocs facilitates the exchange of fluid and materials between the floc interior and the surrounding water. This mass transfer mechanism can be more important than molecular diffusion and internal permeation to the function and behavior of particle aggregates, including bio-flocs, in natural waters and treatment systems.

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Jarvis, P., B. Jefferson, and S. A. Parsons. "Characterising natural organic matter flocs." Water Supply 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0064.

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Using a dynamic optical technique and settling column apparatus, natural organic matter floc structural characteristics were monitored and evaluated over a one year period to monitor the seasonal variation in floc structure at optimum coagulation dose and pH. The results show that flocs changed seasonally with different growth rates, size, response to shear and settling rate. Autumn and summer flocs were shown to be larger and less resistant to floc breakage when compared to the other seasons, suggesting reduced floc strength. Floc strength was observed to increase with smaller median floc size. The results of the settling tests indicated that the autumnal flocs were of a more open structure which helped to explain why they settled faster. In summary, the autumnal flocs had significantly different floc characteristics although it was difficult to relate the floc structure with the incoming water characteristics.

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Tsou, G. W., R. M. Wu, P. S. Yen, D. J. Lee, and X. F. Peng. "Advective Flow and Floc Permeability." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 250, no. 2 (June 2002): 400–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2002.8317.

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Yang, Z., X. F. Peng, D. J. Lee, and S. Ay. "Advective flow in spherical floc." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 308, no. 2 (April 2007): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2007.01.023.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Floc"

1

Kim, Jinho. "Floc properties in stirred suspensions." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268458.

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Park, Chul. "Cations and activated sludge floc structure." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34253.

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This research was designed to investigate the effect of cations on activated sludge characteristics and also to determine their influence on digestion performance. For this purpose, cations in solution and in floc were evaluated along with various activated sludge characteristics and the collected waste activated sludge underwent both anaerobic and aerobic digestion. It was found that large amounts of biopolymer (protein + polysaccharide) remained in the effluent of WWTP that received high influent sodium but had low iron and aluminum in floc. However, sludges from plants with high sodium and high iron and aluminum dewatered well and produced high quality effluents, suggesting that iron and aluminum have significant positive effects on floc properties. Following anaerobic digestion, a significant increase in solution protein occurred and correlations between solution protein, ammonium production, percentile volatile solids reduction and iron in floc were obtained. These data indicate that iron-linked protein is released to solution when iron is reduced and its degradation is responsible for volatile solids reduction in anaerobic digestion. In aerobic digestion, polysaccharide in solution increased along with calcium, magnesium and inorganic nitrogen. This implies that divalent cation-bound biopolymer might be the primary organic fraction that is degraded under aerobic digestion. Combined (anaerobic/aerobic) digestion was performed and produced further volatile solids destruction with discrete cation and biopolymer response during each phase of digestion. These results support the theory that two types of organic matter with different cation bindings are present in floc and each type is degraded under different digestion processes.
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Selomulya, Cordelia Chemical Engineering &amp Industrial Chemistry UNSW. "The Effect of Shear on Flocculation and Floc Size/Structure." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18226.

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The effect of shear on the evolution of floc properties was investigated to analyse the flocculation mechanisms. Little fundamental attention has been given to the shear influence that often creates compact aggregates, while the floc characteristics might differ in other aggregating conditions. It is thus crucial to understand how flocs evolve to steady state, if their properties are to be 'tailored' to suit subsequent solids-liquid separation processes. In this work, flocculation of monodisperse latex particles of various sizes (60, 380, and 810 nm diameter) via electrolyte addition was carried out in a couette-flow and also in shear fields generated by an axial-flow impeller (Fluid foil A310) and a radial-flow impeller (Rushton R100) in standard mixing tanks. A small-angle light scattering technique was used to acquire information regarding the time variation of floc properties in a non-intrusive manner. The structure was quantified by a measure of fractal dimension, signifying the degree of floc compactness. Estimates of the average floc mass were also obtained from the aggregate scattering patterns. By monitoring the changes in floc structure and mass, corresponding to the size evolution; mechanisms of floc formation, fragmentation, and restructuring were identified. Aggregates of 60 and 380 nm particles were observed to grew larger initially, before decreasing to their equilibrium sizes at moderate shear rates (32 - 100 s-1) in a homogeneous shear environment. Floc restructuring at large length scales occurred extensively, and was responsible for the drop in size, particularly at the early stage of the process. Aggregates of 810 nm particles did not, however, display this behaviour. Flocs of larger primary particles were presumably susceptible to breakage rather than deformation, as they were weaker under comparable conditions. Denser aggregates were found when restructuring transpired, while comparatively tenuous flocs were observed when formation and breakage kinetics were the governing mechanisms. The disparity in floc behaviour at higher shear rates (246 s-1 - 330 s-1) was less apparent. The intense hydrodynamic stresses in those instances inevitably caused fragmentation, regardless of the intrinsic particle properties; hence the observed floc compaction was the product of break-up and re-aggregation. A population balance model, incorporating variation in floc structure, displayed comparable trends in size evolution; verifying that restructuring indeed took an important role under certain flocculation conditions. Similar phenomena were likewise observed with the flocculation in stirred tanks. The results reinforced findings in literature; that while circulation time controlled the process kinetics; the floc size was determined by the turbulent stresses. In addition, the maximum shear levels also influenced the floc structures, with denser aggregates produced in a shear field generated using the radial-flow impeller at equivalent energy dissipation per-unit mass. A correlation between non-dimensional floc factor that embodied the aggregate size and structure, and aggregation factor comprising the significant parameters from flocculation conditions, was proposed. The proposed relationship takes into account aspects such as the aggregate structure, interparticle forces, and particle concentration that are often overlooked in existing relationships, which usually only relate the maximum floc size to the applied energy dissipation rate. It thus provides an improved manner of presenting general flocculation data, as well as a means to predict floc properties produced under a specific aggregation condition. Future studies with increasingly complex systems that resemble real conditions are recommended in order to establish a practical understanding of the flocculation mechanisms, for the purpose of optimising the aggregate properties.

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Amornraksa, Suksun. "Development of magnetic floc technology for water treatment." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405033.

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McCabe, Jeremy Charles. "Observations of estuarine turbulence and floc size variations." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1790.

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Laboratory studies show that turbulence controls the size of flocs by disrupting those flocs which exceed a critical diameter. Estuarine floc sizes have been shown to vary with the spring/neap cycle and turbulence has been suggested as the mechanism. A survey of the tidal variations of cohesive sediment floc size distributions and turbulence parameters has been undertaken in the Tamar estuary in south-west Britain. In-situ particle size distributions have been obtained using a 'marinised' version of the 'Malvern' laser diffraction sizing system. Turbulent current speeds were obtained using 10 cm diameter annular electromagnetic current meters. Velocity data is analysed using the inertial dissipation method to provide turbulent dissipation rates. Turbulence and size data, along with profiles of current, salinity, temperature and suspended solids concentration, record the passage of turbidity maximum and salt intrusion over four complete tidal cycles. Time series of observed particle size distributions vary smoothly over timescales of about one hour and these variations are linked to the flow conditions. Eight subsections of the tidal cycle were selected over which size distributions and flow conditions were slowly varying and the size distributions were time averaged over these subsections, and the resulting distributions compared. Size distributions in the turbidity maximum are strongly influenced by the mean current speed and this is found to be due to the different resuspension characteristics of newly formed aggregates and consolidated primary particles. Distributions are less dependent on tidal range at other stages during the tidal cycle. The size dependence of settling velocities strongly influences the size distribution of particles reaching the bed during the final stages of erosion of the salt intrusion, when the salt/fresh interface descends at a rate less than the settling velocity of large flocs but greater than that of small particles. This tends to sharpen the downstream edge of the turbidity maximum and preferentially retain floc aggregates in the upper reaches of the estuary.

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Åkesson, Krister. "Floc behaviour in a twin-wire blade pressure pulse /." Stockholm, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-386.

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Jarvis, Peter. "The impact of natural organic matter on floc structure." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2004. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4559.

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The removal of natural organic matter (NOM) at water treatment works (WTW) is essential in order to prevent toxic compounds forming during subsequent disinfection. Coagulation and flocculation processes remain the most common way of removing NOM. The properties of the resulting flocs that form are fundamental to the efficient removal of organic material. Periods of elevated NOM loads at WTW can lead to operational problems as a result of the deterioration in floc structural quality. Assessment of floc physical characteristics can therefore be a crucial tool in order to determine and predict solid-liquid removal performance at WTW. Here the growth, size, breakage, strength, re-growth, fractal dimension and settling velocity were measured for flocs formed from a NOM rich water source. NOM floc structural characteristics were measured and evaluated over a one year period in order to monitor the seasonal variation in floc structure. The results showed that a significant improvement in floc size and strength was seen during autumn and summer months. It was subsequently shown that as the organic fraction in the floc increases the floc size, settling velocity and fractal dimension all decrease. A model was proposed showing how these changes were dependent upon the adsorption of NOM onto primary particle surfaces. A range of different chemical coagulant treatment options were applied for NOM removal and the resulting floc structure compared. Considering both floc structure and optimum NOM removal the treatment systems were of the following order (best to worst): MIEX® + Fe > Fe > Fe + polymer > Al > polyDADMAC. NOM floc re-growth was shown to be limited for all the treatment systems investigated. The practical implications of the results were: (1) The requirement for careful coagulant dosing or order to achieve optimum floc characteristics. (2) The use of a pre-treatment anionic ion-exchange stage prior to coagulation. (3) A comparison of alum and ferric based coagulants suggested the ferric coagulants gave better floc structure and improved NOM removal rates.

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Mallon, James M. "Floc structure and the improvement of chemical water cleaning." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324839.

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Collier, Nicholas Charles. "The encapsulation of iron hydroxide floc in composite cement." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434632.

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Baghaei-Yazdi, Nader. "Simulation of floc blanket clarification using granular fluidised beds." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394585.

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Books on the topic "Floc"

1

Hariadi, Agustinus. Optimisation and measurement of floc size in wastewaters. Manchester: UMIST, 1995.

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Brown, Harry James. Floc generation by chemical neutralization of acid mine drainage. S.l: s.n, 1994.

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3

Lee, Boon Chong. The influence of nutrients on floc physicochemical properties and structure in activated sludge processes. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999.

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4

Scott, Heather Elizabeth. The effect of physicochemical properties of microbial floc on UV disinfection of secondary wastewater. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2002.

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5

Whittaker, Dean. The effect of phosphorus on-phosophorus metabolism, metals accumulation and floc properties in activated sludge processes. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2002.

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Bobillo, Fernando. Uncertainty Reasoning for the Semantic Web II: International Workshops URSW 2008-2010 Held at ISWC and UniDL 2010 Held at FLoC, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Pritchard, Ceri Elen. A biomechanical analysis of the double flic-flac. Cardiff: S.G.I.H.E., 1985.

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8

Chen, Shumin. Floc size and aspects of flocculation processes of suspended particulate matter in the North Sea area =: Vlokgrootte en aspecten van flocculatie processen van gesuspendeerd particulair materiaal in het Noordzee gebied. [Utrecht: Faculteit Aardwetenschappen, Universiteit Utrecht, 1995.

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Vondee, Norma. Flow. London: University of East London, 1998.

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Mihaly, Csikszentmihalyi. Flow. New York: HarperCollins, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Floc"

1

Mühle, Klaus, and Klaus Domasch. "Floc Strength in Bridging Flocculation." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, 105–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76093-8_8.

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Gomes, Jewel Andrew, Md Islam, Paul Bernazzani, George Irwin, Dan Rutman, David Cocke, and Mohammad R. Islam. "Recapturing Metals from Electrocoagulation Floc." In Supplemental Proceedings, 203–10. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062111.ch21.

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Rott, Ulrich. "Magnetic Floc Separation in Chemical Phosphate Removal." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment II, 497–505. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77827-8_33.

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Moudgil, B. M., and S. Behl. "Ultrapurification of Fine Powders by Floc Flotation." In Surfactants in Solution, 457–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3836-3_31.

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Rebhun, Menahem. "Floc Formation and Breakup in Continuous Flow Flocculation and in Contact Filtration." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, 117–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76093-8_9.

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Droppo, I. G., G. G. Leppard, D. T. Flannigan, and S. N. Liss. "The Freshwater Floc: A Functional Relationship of Water and Organic and Inorganic Floc Constituents Affecting Suspended Sediment Properties." In The Interactions Between Sediments and Water, 43–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5552-6_5.

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Ohgaki, Shinichiro, and Prasang Mongkonsiri. "Effects of Floc-Virus Association on Chlorine Disinfection Efficiency." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, 75–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76093-8_5.

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Ives, Kenneth J. "Pebble Matrix Filtration — A New Way of Floc Separation." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, 93–103. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76093-8_7.

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Bache, D. H., E. Rasool, C. Johnson, and J. F. McGilligan. "Temperature Influences and Structure in the Sweep Floc Domain." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment IV, 31–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61196-4_3.

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Lips, A., and D. Underwood. "Measurement of Floc Structure by Small Angle Laser Light Scattering." In Modern Aspects of Colloidal Dispersions, 215–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6582-2_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Floc"

1

Kumar, Remya G., Ariel Ruiz, and Kyle B. Strom. "A Digital Floc Camera for Nonintrusive Measurement of Floc Parameters." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)330.

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Zhaohui, Chai, Yang Guolu, and Chen Meng. "Study on Fractal of Silt Floc Pores and the Settling Character of Silt Floc." In 2010 International Conference on Digital Manufacturing and Automation (ICDMA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdma.2010.371.

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Chen, Wenqiang, Maoning Guan, Lu Wang, Rukhsana Ruby, and Kaishun Wu. "FLoc: Device-free passive indoor localization in complex environments." In ICC 2017 - 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2017.7997098.

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Lu Minggang, Sun Yi, and Tang Liang. "Multi-target tracking-based detection of floc settling velocity." In Instruments (ICEMI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2011.6037950.

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Lee, Soo Bum, and Virgil D. Gligor. "FLoc : Dependable Link Access for Legitimate Traffic in Flooding Attacks." In 2010 IEEE 30th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdcs.2010.78.

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Ogino, Tomoya, Hiroyuki Oyama, and Toru Sato. "Direct observation of behavior of mud floc in water flows." In OCEANS 2016 - Shanghai. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceansap.2016.7485525.

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Hassanpourfard, Mahtab, Zahra Nikakhtari, Ranajay Ghosh, Siddhartha Das, Thomas Thundat, and Aloke Kumar. "Video: Bacterial floc mediated rapid streamer formation in creeping flows." In 68th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics. American Physical Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/aps.dfd.2015.gfm.v0069.

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Qiu, Zumin, Dongjing Liu, and Ru Zhang. "Simulation of two-dimensional floc growth using improved DLA model." In 2011 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Computing, Control and Industrial Engineering (CCIE 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccieng.2011.6008004.

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Qiu, Zumin, Dongjing Liu, Zongjian He, and Yanfen Wu. "Simulation of three-dimensional floc growth using improved DLA model." In 2011 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Computing, Control and Industrial Engineering (CCIE 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccieng.2011.6008005.

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"Pretreatment of Coal Power Plant RO Retentate using AR floc 100." In Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa). Eminent Association of Pioneers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118241.

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Reports on the topic "Floc"

1

Sherwood, Christopher R. Nepheloid Layer Measurements and Floc Model for OASIS. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573128.

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Sherwood, Christopher R. Nepheloid Layer Measurements and Floc Model for OASIS. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada557177.

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3

Lee, Soo B., and Virgil D. Gligor. FLoc: Dependable Link Access for Legitimate Traffic in Flooding Attacks. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada582042.

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Lee, Soo B., and Virgil D. Gligor. FLoc : Dependable Link Access for Legitimate Traffic in Flooding Attacks. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada580050.

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5

Hill, Paul S., and Timothy G. Milligan. Floc Dynamics, Sediment Flux, and Facies Generation on the Continental Shelf. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada625974.

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Hill, Paul S., and Timothy G. Milligan. Floc Dynamics and Facies Generation on the Margins of the Adriatic Sea. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627761.

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Milligan, Timothy G., and Paul S. Hill. Floc Dynamics and Facies Generation on the Margins of the Adriatic Sea. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada634874.

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Hill, Paul S., and Timothy G. Milligan. Floc Dynamics and Facies Generation on the Margins of the Adriatic Sea. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada615072.

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9

Venkatesh, Mukund C. Optimization of the Mini-Flo flow cytometer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/388136.

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Patel, Reena. Complex network analysis for early detection of failure mechanisms in resilient bio-structures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41042.

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Abstract:

Bio-structures owe their remarkable mechanical properties to their hierarchical geometrical arrangement as well as heterogeneous material properties. This dissertation presents an integrated, interdisciplinary approach that employs computational mechanics combined with flow network analysis to gain fundamental insights into the failure mechanisms of high performance, light-weight, structured composites by examining the stress flow patterns formed in the nascent stages of loading for the rostrum of the paddlefish. The data required for the flow network analysis was generated from the finite element analysis of the rostrum. The flow network was weighted based on the parameter of interest, which is stress in the current study. The changing kinematics of the structural system was provided as input to the algorithm that computes the minimum-cut of the flow network. The proposed approach was verified using two classical problems three- and four-point bending of a simply-supported concrete beam. The current study also addresses the methodology used to prepare data in an appropriate format for a seamless transition from finite element binary database files to the abstract mathematical domain needed for the network flow analysis. A robust, platform-independent procedure was developed that efficiently handles the large datasets produced by the finite element simulations. Results from computational mechanics using Abaqus and complex network analysis are presented.

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