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Academic literature on the topic 'Floating offshore wind turbines'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Floating offshore wind turbines"

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Sclavounos, Paul. "Floating Offshore Wind Turbines." Marine Technology Society Journal 42, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533208786829151.

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Wind is a rapidly growing renewable energy source, increasing at an annual rate of 30%, with the vast majority of wind power generated from onshore wind farms. The growth of these facilities, however, is limited by the lack of inexpensive land near major population centers and the visual impact caused by large wind turbines.Wind energy generated from floating offshore wind farms is the next frontier. Vast sea areas with stronger and steadier winds are available for wind farm development and 5 MW wind turbine towers located 20 miles from the coastline are invisible. Current offshore wind turbines are supported by monopoles driven into the seafloor or other bottom mounted structures at coastal sites a few miles from shore and in water depths of 10-15 m. The primary impediment to their growth is their prohibitive cost as the water depth increases.This article discusses the technologies and the economics associated with the development of motion resistant floating offshore wind turbines drawing upon a seven-year research effort at MIT. Two families of floater concepts are discussed, inspired by developments in the oil and gas industry for the deep water exploration of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The interaction of the floater response dynamics in severe weather with that of the wind turbine system is addressed and the impact of this coupling on the design of the new generation of multi-megawatt wind turbines for offshore deployment is discussed. The primary economic drivers affecting the development of utility scale floating offshore wind farms are also addressed.
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Pham, Thanh-Dam, Minh-Chau Dinh, Hak-Man Kim, and Thai-Thanh Nguyen. "Simplified Floating Wind Turbine for Real-Time Simulation of Large-Scale Floating Offshore Wind Farms." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 4571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154571.

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Floating offshore wind has received more attention due to its advantage of access to incredible wind resources over deep waters. Modeling of floating offshore wind farms is essential to evaluate their impacts on the electric power system, in which the floating offshore wind turbine should be adequately modeled for real-time simulation studies. This study proposes a simplified floating offshore wind turbine model, which is applicable for the real-time simulation of large-scale floating offshore wind farms. Two types of floating wind turbines are evaluated in this paper: the semi-submersible and spar-buoy floating wind turbines. The effectiveness of the simplified turbine models is shown by a comparison study with the detailed FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence) floating turbine model. A large-scale floating offshore wind farm including eighty units of simplified turbines is tested in parallel simulation and real-time software (OPAL-RT). The wake effects among turbines and the effect of wind speeds on ocean waves are also taken into account in the modeling of offshore wind farms. Validation results show sufficient accuracy of the simplified models compared to detailed FAST models. The real-time results of offshore wind farms show the feasibility of the proposed turbine models for the real-time model of large-scale offshore wind farms.
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Barooni, Mohammad, Turaj Ashuri, Deniz Velioglu Sogut, Stephen Wood, and Shiva Ghaderpour Taleghani. "Floating Offshore Wind Turbines: Current Status and Future Prospects." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010002.

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Offshore wind energy is a sustainable renewable energy source that is acquired by harnessing the force of the wind offshore, where the absence of obstructions allows the wind to travel at higher and more steady speeds. Offshore wind has recently grown in popularity because wind energy is more powerful offshore than on land. Prior to the development of floating structures, wind turbines could not be deployed in particularly deep or complicated seabed locations since they were dependent on fixed structures. With the advent of floating structures, which are moored to the seabed using flexible anchors, chains, or steel cables, wind turbines can now be placed far offshore. The deployment of floating wind turbines in deep waters is encouraged by several benefits, including steadier winds, less visual impact, and flexible acoustic noise requirements. A thorough understanding of the physics underlying the dynamic response of the floating offshore wind turbines, as well as various design principles and analysis methods, is necessary to fully compete with traditional energy sources such as fossil fuels. The present work offers a comprehensive review of the most recent state-of-the-art developments in the offshore wind turbine technology, including aerodynamics, hydromechanics, mooring, ice, and inertial loads. The existing design concepts and numerical models used to simulate the complex wind turbine dynamics are also presented, and their capabilities and limitations are discussed in detail.
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Ahmad, Aabas. "Load Reduction of Floating Wind Turbines Using Tuned Mass Dampers." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 1298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38178.

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Abstract: Offshore wind turbines have the potential to be an important part of the United States’ energy production profile in the coming years. In order to accomplish this wind integration, offshore wind turbines need to be made more reliable and cost efficient to be competitive with other sources of energy. To capitalize on high speed and highquality winds over deep water, floating platforms for offshore wind turbines have been developed, but they suffer from greatly increased loading. One method to reduce loadsin offshore wind turbines is the application of structural control techniques usuallyused in skyscrapers and bridges. Tuned mass dampers are one structural control system that have been used to reduce loads in simulations of offshore wind turbines. This thesis adds to the state of the art of offshore wind energy by developing a set of optimum passive tuned mass dampers for four offshore wind turbine platforms and byquantifying the effects of actuator dynamics on an active tuned mass damper design. The set of optimum tuned mass dampers are developed by creating a limited degree-of-freedom model for each of the four offshore wind platforms
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Roddier, Dominique, and Joshua Weinstein. "Floating Wind Turbines." Mechanical Engineering 132, no. 04 (April 1, 2010): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-apr-2.

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This article discusses the functioning of floating wind turbines. The engineering requirements for the design of floating offshore wind turbines are extensive. Wind turbine design tools usually consist of an aerodynamic model (for flow around the blades) coupled with a structural code. Aero-elastic models used in the design of fixed turbines calculate all the necessary loading parameters, from turbine thrust and power generation, to blade and tower deflections. The design of floating structures usually involves hydrodynamics tools such as WAMIT Inc.’s software for studying wave interactions with vessels and platforms, or Principia’s DIODORE, to predict the hydrodynamic quantities, such as added mass, damping and wave exciting forces, which are used as a kernel in the time domain simulations. In marine projects, design tools typically need to be validated against model tests in a wave tank or basin. Such work is performed frequently, and scaling laws are very well defined.
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Li, Jiawen, Jingyu Bian, Yuxiang Ma, and Yichen Jiang. "Impact of Typhoons on Floating Offshore Wind Turbines: A Case Study of Typhoon Mangkhut." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9050543.

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A typhoon is a restrictive factor in the development of floating wind power in China. However, the influences of multistage typhoon wind and waves on offshore wind turbines have not yet been studied. Based on Typhoon Mangkhut, in this study, the characteristics of the motion response and structural loads of an offshore wind turbine are investigated during the travel process. For this purpose, a framework is established and verified for investigating the typhoon-induced effects of offshore wind turbines, including a multistage typhoon wave field and a coupled dynamic model of offshore wind turbines. On this basis, the motion response and structural loads of different stages are calculated and analyzed systematically. The results show that the maximum response does not exactly correspond to the maximum wave or wind stage. Considering only the maximum wave height or wind speed may underestimate the motion response during the traveling process of the typhoon, which has problems in guiding the anti-typhoon design of offshore wind turbines. In addition, the coupling motion between the floating foundation and turbine should be considered in the safety evaluation of the floating offshore wind turbine under typhoon conditions.
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Pham, Thi Quynh Mai, Sungwoo Im, and Joonmo Choung. "Prospects and Economics of Offshore Wind Turbine Systems." Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology 35, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26748/ksoe.2021.061.

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In recent years, floating offshore wind turbines have attracted more attention as a new renewable energy resource while bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines reach their limit of water depth. Various projects have been proposed with the rapid increase in installed floating wind power capacity, but the economic aspect remains as a biggest issue. To figure out sensible approaches for saving costs, a comparison analysis of the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) between floating and bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines was carried out. The LCOE was reviewed from a social perspective and a cost breakdown and a literature review analysis were used to itemize the costs into its various components in each level of power plant and system integration. The results show that the highest proportion in capital expenditure of a floating offshore wind turbine results in the substructure part, which is the main difference from a bottom-fixed wind turbine. A floating offshore wind turbine was found to have several advantages over a bottom-fixed wind turbine. Although a similarity in operation and maintenance cost structure is revealed, a floating wind turbine still has the benefit of being able to be maintained at a seaport. After emphasizing the cost-reduction advantages of a floating wind turbine, its LCOE outlook is provided to give a brief overview in the following years. Finally, some estimated cost drivers, such as economics of scale, wind turbine rating, a floater with mooring system, and grid connection cost, are outlined as proposals for floating wind LCOE reduction.
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Maimon, Aurel Dan. "Floating offshore wind turbines - technology and potential." Analele Universităţii "Dunărea de Jos" din Galaţi. Fascicula XI, Construcţii navale/ Annals of "Dunărea de Jos" of Galati, Fascicle XI, Shipbuilding 43 (December 15, 2020): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/annugalshipbuilding.2020.43.11.

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"The main purpose of this paper is to present a short review of the actual progress on the floating offshore wind turbines. Floating offshore wind turbines have several advantages: overcoming the depth constraint, floating offshore wind turbines can be installed further offshore and therefore on the one hand have little or no visual impact from the coast, and on the other hand to take advantage of more constant and stronger winds, thus increasing the production efficiency of electricity. They are assembled to port and then transported to site with an ordinary tug, which can also bring them ashore for heavy maintenance or final dismantling. Floating wind power is the future of offshore wind power."
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Yang, Wenxian, Wenye Tian, Ole Hvalbye, Zhike Peng, Kexiang Wei, and Xinliang Tian. "Experimental Research for Stabilizing Offshore Floating Wind Turbines." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 21, 2019): 1947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101947.

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Floating turbines are attracting increasing interest today. However, the power generation efficiency of a floating turbine is highly dependent on its motion stability in sea water. This issue is more marked, particularly when the floating turbines operate in relatively shallow water. In order to address this issue, a new concept motion stabilizer is studied in this paper. It is a completely passive device consisting of a number of heave plates. The plates are connected to the foundation of the floating wind turbine via structural arms. Since the heave plates are completely, rather than partially, exposed to water, all surfaces of them can be fully utilized to create the damping forces required to stabilize the floating wind turbine. Moreover, their stabilizing effect can be further amplified due to the application of the structural arms. This is because torques will be generated by the damping forces via the structural arms, and then applied to stabilizing the floating turbine. To verify the proposed concept motion stabilizer, its practical effectiveness on motion reduction is investigated in this paper. Both numerical and experimental testing results have shown that after using the proposed concept stabilizer, the motion stability of the floating turbine has been successfully improved over a wide range of wave periods even in relatively shallow water. Moreover, the comparison has shown that the stabilizer is more effective in stabilizing the floating wind turbine than single heave plate does. This suggests that the proposed concept stabilizer may provide a potentially viable solution for stabilizing floating wind turbines.
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Raisanen, Jack H., Stig Sundman, and Troy Raisanen. "Unmoored: a free-floating wind turbine invention and autonomous open-ocean wind farm concept." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2362, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2362/1/012032.

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This paper contributes to emerging deep offshore wind literature by presenting the design for a novel free-floating offshore wind turbine for deep water use. The wind turbine uses one large underwater propeller to maintain its position and move as needed, while two small propellers turn the unit. This allows access to areas of high energy production potential in the open ocean out of reach to contemporary floating wind turbines, which are anchored to the seabed. An autonomous ocean-based wind farm concept is also presented. Together, the semi-autonomous wind turbines form a floating wind farm in the open ocean. A separate unit uses electricity from the wind turbines to produce climate-neutral fuels such as hydrogen (H2) and ammonia (NH3) for transport and eventual use.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Floating offshore wind turbines"

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Lindeberg, Eivind. "Optimal Control of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9933.

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Floating Offshore Wind Power is an emerging and promising technology that is particularly interesting from a Norwegian point of view because of our long and windy coast. There are however still several remaining challenges with this technology and one of them is a possible stability problem due to positive feedback from tilt motion of the turbine tower. The focus of this report is to develope a simulator for a floating offshore wind turbine that includes individual, vibrating blades. Several controllers are developed, aiming to use the blade pitch angle and the generator power to control the turbine speed and output power, while at the same time limit the low-frequent motions of the tower and the high-frequent motions of the turbine blades. The prime effort is placed on developing a solution using Model Predictive Control(MPC). On the issue of blade vibrations no great progress has been made. It is not possible to conclude from the simulation results that the designed controllers are able to reduce the blade vibrations. However, the MPC controller works very well for the entire operating range of the turbine. A "fuzzy"-inspired switching algorithm is developed and this handles the transitions between the different operating ranges of the turbine convincingly. The problem of positive feedback from the tower motion is handled well, and the simulations do not indicate that this issue should jeopardize the viability of floating offshore wind turbines.

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Naqvi, Syed Kazim. "Scale Model Experiments on Floating Offshore Wind Turbines." Digital WPI, 2012. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1196.

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This research focuses on studying the feasibility of placing large wind turbines on deep-ocean platforms. Water tank studies have been conducted using the facilities at Alden Research Laboratories (ARL) on 100:1 scale Tension Leg Platform (TLP) and Spar Buoy (SB) models. Froude scaling was used for modeling the offshore wind turbine designs. Primary components of the platform turbine, tower, and cable attachments were fabricated in ABS plastic using rapid prototyping. A wireless data acquisition system was installed to prevent umbilical data cables from affecting the behavior of the platform when exposed to wave loading. In Phase I testing, Froude-scaled TLP and Spar Buoy models at a 100:1 scale were placed in a water flume and exposed to periodic waves at amplitudes ranging from 0.5 cm - 7.5 cm and frequencies ranging from 0.25 Hz - 1.5 Hz. The testing was conducted on simple tower and turbine models that only accounted for turbine weight at the nacelle. In Phase II testing, emphasis was placed on further testing of the tension leg platform as a more viable design for floating offshore wind turbines. The tension leg platform scale model was improved by adding a disc to simulate drag force incident at the top of the tower, as well as a rotor and blades to simulate the gyroscopic force due to turbine blade rotation at the top of the tower. Periodic wave motions of known amplitude and frequency were imposed on the model to study pitch, heave, roll, surge, sway motions and mooring cable tensions (in Phase II only) using accelerometers, inclinometers, capacitance wave gage, and load cells. Signal analysis and filtering techniques were used to refine the obtained data, and a Fourier analysis was conducted to study the dominant frequencies. Finally, Response Amplitude Operators (RAO's) were plotted for each data set to standardize the results and study the overall trend with respect to changes in wave amplitude and frequency. For Phase I testing, it is shown that surge motion of the platform dominates other motions for both the tension leg platform and spar buoy, and varying tether pretension has little effect on response amplitude operator values. For phase II testing, it was found that the introduction of thrust and gyroscopic forces increases sway and pitch motions as well as upstream tether forces. Coupling effects of pitch motion with roll and sway due to the presence of gyroscopic forces were also seen. The present experimental results can be used to validate the hydrodynamic kernels of linear frequency-domain models, time-domain dynamics models, and computational simulations on floating wind turbines. Numerical analysis and simulations have been conducted in a separate study at WPI. These simulations are comparable to the experimental results.
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Henderson, Andrew Raphael. "Analysis tools for large floating offshore wind farms." Thesis, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341705.

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Polverini, Silvia. "Analysis and control of floating offshore wind turbines." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13883/.

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With the continuous growing of wind energy as a clean source for electricity production there is an increasing interest in the location of wind turbines in offshore areas in which there are fewer space restrictions and less turbulent wind. This increases the interest to develop floating wind turbines, which are not mounted in the sea-bed and can be used in deep waters. For their low environmental impact, the demand for FOWTs could easily be fostered. Floating turbines are large and complex mechanical structures as a consequence it is necessary to adapt control strategies to these systems, to ensure acceptable loads in order to guarantee a long lifetime. In order to reduce fatigue loads, different design control approaches are studied. To design the control, simplified models are needed. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a simplified Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) model considering aero-dynamical loads to assess the performance of the system. The aerodynamic forces are derived and implemented in a more accurate simulator, FAST, to evaluate the overall loads acting on a FOWT. FAST is the acronym for Fatigue-Aerodynamics-Structure-Turbulence and it gives a full analysis of wind turbine models, using a high-fidelity numerical code. The developed FAST computer program simulator is applied to investigate the reliability of simplistic wind turbine models by using MATLAB and Simulink interfaces. Studying a simplification of the turbine model means identify the dominant physical dynamics behaviour that implies a good knowledge of wind turbine dynamics. The simplified model is useful when a linear control theory is applied. Due to the non-linearity of the problem, created by wind and sea kinematics, specific values are found using an empirical approach. Results are acceptable according to the approximations done. Further developments are considered to obtain a more detailed model of wind turbine and changes to control strategy.
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Ahmadi, Mehran. "Analysis and Study of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1376643304.

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Sönmez, Nurcan. "Investigating Wind Data and Configuration of Wind Turbines for a Turning Floating Platform." Thesis, KTH, Mekanik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-148957.

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Wake interactions on a floating platform for offshore wind energy applications were investigated.The study is performed in collaboration with Hexicon AB which has a patent family for innovative floating platforms, which are able to turn automatically. The Jensen model is used for wake effect calculations and the simulations were performed in MATLAB. The present study starts with wind speed and wind direction data analysis for the specific site that Hexicon AB plans to construct its first platform. Data analysis is followed by wake interaction studies for H4-24MW type Hexicon AB platform. Wake interaction simulations were performed for three different cases. Fixed turbine and platform, Nacelle yawing and fixed platform and Nacelle yawing and turned platform. Different cases were investigated in order to see wake interactions for different wind directions. Wind direction effect on wake interactions were performed between _90_ and 90_ with an increment of 10_. After having the simulation results for Nacelle yawing and turned platform case the results were compared with ANSYS - CFX simulations results. The results didn’t match exactly but they were very close, which is an indicator to the validity of the Jensen Model. After finding out the possible behavior of wake interactions for different wind directions, power calculations were performed for the same three cases. In order to perform the power calculations the wake interactions for different wind directions were taken into account. In case of platform turning it was assumed that power losses were caused both by wake interactions and in case of thrusters activation. The losses that would be caused by different thrust forces on the turbine blades were not included. The last study was performed to suggest different layouts. In the second case, Nacelle yawing and fixed platform, it was found out that nacelle yawing for most of the angles is not possible because it creates wake regions in front of the rotor area. It was decided to propose new turbine configurations on the platform which are tolerant to different nacelle yawing angles. The simulations were run without considering any constructions limitations, meaning that the availability of platform structure was not included. The study is ended by performing some probabilistic results for platform turning behavior.
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Proskovics, Roberts. "Dynamic response of spar-type offshore floating wind turbines." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26017.

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In recent years there has been a significant increase in the interest in floating offshore wind turbines from the wind energy industry, governments and academia. Partially driven by the recent nuclear disaster in Japan, but also by the lack or complete absence of shallow waters in various countries around the globe (making fixed offshore wind turbines infeasible), multiple different topology floating offshore wind turbines have been proposed and, in some cases, prototypes built and installed offshore. The most well-known of these is Hywind by Statoil, which has been operational off the coast of Norway since the end of 2009. While small scale prototypes had been installed even before Hywind, for example Blue-H in 2007, no guidelines have yet emerged that would give recommendations and guiding principles in designing new floating offshore wind turbines. The aim of this thesis is to provide some knowledge base for future design of floating offshore wind turbines by looking at what simplifications could be made and what effect these would have on the preliminary designs of new floating offshore wind turbines. This thesis starts by comparing different topology floating offshore wind turbines and choosing one, deemed the most promising, as the base case scenario for use in the subsequent analysis and calculations. This thesis also looks at the importance of unsteady representations of the aerodynamics compared with quasi-steady when designing a new floating offshore wind turbine, by comparing quasi-steady aerodynamic loads first with fully-attached unsteady loads and later with fully-unsteady (fully-attached, separated and dynamic stall). A chapter is allocated to identifying which degree-of-freedom of loading is the most damaging to the system, as floating offshore wind turbines operate in very harsh and unstable environments. Once identified, this knowledge can be used to further improve floating offshore wind turbines, hence making them even more feasible. Finally, the wind turbine previously chosen as a base case has its floating support shortened and four different draft designs proposed that would allow it to be deployed in medium-to-deep waters, in which fixed supports for wind turbines are not economical.
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Nematbakhsh, Ali. "A Nonlinear Computational Model of Floating Wind Turbines." Digital WPI, 2013. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/170.

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The dynamic motion of floating wind turbines is studied using numerical simulations. Floating wind turbines in the deep ocean avoid many of the concerns with land-based wind turbines while allowing access to strong stable winds. The full three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved on a regular structured grid, using a level set method for the free surface and an immersed boundary method for the turbine platform. The tethers, the tower, the nacelle and the rotor weight are included using reduced order dynamic models, resulting in an efficient numerical approach which can handle nearly all the nonlinear wave forces on the platform, while imposing no limitation on the platform motion. Wind is modeled as a constant thrust force and rotor gyroscopic effects are accounted for. Other aerodynamic loadings and aero-elastic effects are not considered. Several tests, including comparison with other numerical, experimental and grid study tests, have been done to validate and verify the numerical approach. Also for further validation, a 100:1 scale model Tension Leg Platform (TLP) floating wind turbine has been simulated and the results are compared with water flume experiments conducted by our research group. The model has been extended to full scale systems and the response of the tension leg and spar buoy floating wind turbines has been studied. The tension leg platform response to different amplitude waves is examined and for large waves a nonlinear trend is seen. The nonlinearity limits the motion and shows that the linear assumption will lead to over prediction of the TLP response. Studying the flow field behind the TLP for moderate amplitude waves shows vortices during the transient response of the platform but not at the steady state, probably due to the small Keulegan-Carpenter number. The effects of changing the platform shape are considered and finally the nonlinear response of the platform to a large amplitude wave leading to slacking of the tethers is simulated. For the spar buoy floating wind turbine, the response to regular periodic waves is studied first. Then, the model is extended to irregular waves to study the interaction of the buoy with more realistic sea state. The results are presented for a harsh condition, in which waves over 17 m are generated, and linear models might not be accurate enough. The results are studied in both time and frequency domain without relying on any experimental data or linear assumption. Finally a design study has been conducted on the spar buoy platform to study the effects of tethers position, tethers stiffness, and platform aspect ratio, on the response of the floating wind turbine. It is shown that higher aspect ratio platforms generally lead to lower mean pitch and surge responses, but it may also lead to nonlinear trend in standard deviation in pitch and heave, and that the tether attachment points design near the platform center of gravity generally leads to a more stable platform in comparison with attachment points near the tank top or bottom of the platform.
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Homer, Jeffrey R. "Physics-based control-oriented modelling for floating offshore wind turbines." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54891.

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As offshore wind technology advances, floating wind turbines are becoming larger and moving further offshore, where wind is stronger and more consistent. Despite the increased potential for energy capture, wind turbines in these environments are susceptible to large platform motions, which in turn can lead to fatigue loading and shortened life, as well as harmful power fluctuations. To minimize these ill effects, it is possible to use advanced, multi-objective control schemes to minimize harmful motions, reject disturbances, and maximize power capture. Synthesis of such controllers requires simple but accurate models that reflect all of the pertinent dynamics of the system, while maintaining a reasonably low degree of complexity. In this thesis, we present a simplified, control-oriented model for floating offshore wind turbines that contains as many as six platform degrees of freedom, and two drivetrain degrees of freedom. The model is derived from first principles and, as such, can be manipulated by its real physical parameters while maintaining accuracy across the highly non-linear operating range of floating wind turbine systems. We validate the proposed model against advanced simulation software FAST, and show that it is extremely accurate at predicting major dynamics of the floating wind turbine system. Furthermore, the proposed model can be used to generate equilibrium points and linear state-space models at any operating point. Included in the linear model is the wave disturbance matrix, which can be used to accommodate for wave disturbance in advanced control schemes either through disturbance rejection or feedforward techniques. The linear model is compared to other available linear models and shows drastically improved accuracy, due to the presence of the wave disturbance matrix. Finally, using the linear model, we develop four different controllers of increasing complexity, including a multi-objective PID controller, an LQR controller, a disturbance-rejecting H∞ controller, and a feedforward H∞ controller. We show through simulation that the controllers that use the wave disturbance information reduce harmful motions and regulate power better than those that do not, and reinforce the notion that multi-objective control is necessary for the success of floating offshore wind turbines.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Castillo, Florian Thierry Stephan. "Floating Offshore Wind Turbines : Mooring System Optimization for LCOE Reduction." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284565.

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Offshore wind has a large potential in terms of electricity production and is becoming an important focus of interest for massive expansion of wind power. While encountering harsh environmental conditions and facing challenges in deployment and maintenance, offshore wind turbines benefit a lot from higher and more regular wind speeds if compared to conventional onshore wind turbine sites. Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT) in deep waters offer the possibility to increase the accessibility and unleash an enormous resource base by cost-competitive solutions further away from the shore. However, associated costs are still relatively high compared to other sources of energy. These costs could be reduced by developing technological breakthroughs and improving design processes. The work presented in this report is part of the H2020 EU project COREWIND, aiming to reduce FOWT costs by optimizing the mooring system technology and by introducing dynamic moor cable solutions. The main objective of this study in particular is to develop an optimization tool for the design of a cost-effective and reliable mooring system for floating offshore wind turbines. The scope of the study implies the development of an optimization strategy, involving Isight - a Dassault System software used for the analysis. The work also involves OrcaFlex, a finite-element software developed by Orcina, applied in dynamic analysis methods. A Python-based code was created to realize the coupling between the two software tools. OrcaFlex simulation models were built for two test cases provided by the project partners, validation of these models was performed based on results obtained using FAST. Finally, results obtained for a case study using one floater and one location of the COREWIND project are also presented and analyzed. The case study involves the development of a mooring system using the hereby validated optimization tool; and is testing its integrity on critical design load cases. The work has shown how an optimization tool could be constructed and applied to improve design process and reduce costs.
Havsbaserad vindkraft har en stor potential när det gäller elproduktion och intresset för dess utveckling växer enormt för att kunna möjliggöra en enorm expansion av ren förnyelsebar energiproduktion. Samtidigt som havsbaserade vindturbiner stöter på tuffa miljöförhållanden och möter utmaningar vid utbyggnad och underhåll, de jämna och pålitliga vindresurserna till havs är en stor fördel som kan tas tillvara. Ju längre fjärran från kusten desto högre och mer regelbundna vindhastigheterna blir jämfört med vindkraftverk på land, samtidigt som havsgrunden blir djupare och svårare för turbinbyggnad. Flytande havsbaserade vindkraftverk (Floating Offshore Wind Turbines, FOWT) i djupa vatten ger möjlighet att öka tillgängligheten och frigöra en enorm resursbas genom kostnadseffektiva lösningar längre ut till havs. De tillhörande kostnaderna är dock fortfarande relativt höga jämfört med andra energikällor. Dessa kostnader kan minskas genom vidareutvecklingen av tekniska genombrott och förbättrade designprocesser. Examensarbetet härmed är en del av H2020 EU-projektet COREWIND, som syftar till att minska FOWT-kostnaderna genom optimering av förtöjningssystemstekniken och genom införandet av dynamiska förtöjningslösningar. I synnerhet, det huvudsakliga målet för denna studie är att utveckla ett optimeringsverktyg för design av kostnadseffektiva och pålitliga ankarsystem för flytande havsbaserade vindkraftverk. Studiens omfattning inkluderar utvecklingen av en optimeringsstrategi som involverar Isight – en mjukvara från Dassault Systems som använts för analysen. Arbetet involverar också OrcaFlex, en programvara för finite element analys som utvecklats av Orcina, tillämpad i dynamiska analysmetoder. En Python-baserad kod skapades för att förverkliga kopplingen mellan de två programvaruverktygen. OrcaFlex-simuleringsmodeller byggdes för två testfall, validering av dessa modeller utfördes baserat på resultat erhållna med hjälp av FAST. Slutligen presenteras och analyseras resultat som erhållits för en fallstudie med en flottör och en särskild position för COREWIND-projektet. Fallstudien involverar utvecklingen av ett förtöjningssystem med det härmed validerade optimeringsverktyget; och testar dess integritet i kritiska belastningsförhållanden. Arbetet har visat hur ett optimeringsverktyg kan konstrueras och tillämpas för att förbättra designprocessen och minska kostnaderna.
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Books on the topic "Floating offshore wind turbines"

1

Robertson, Amy N. Loads analysis of several offshore floating wind turbine concepts. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Energy Efficienty and Renewable Energy, 2011.

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.), ed. Challenges in simulation of aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, and mooring-line dynamics of floating offshore wind turbines. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 2011.

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Masciola, Marco. Investigation of a FAST-OrcaFlex coupling module for integrating turbine and mooring dynamics of offshore floating wind turbines: Preprint. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 2011.

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.), ed. Offshore code comparison collaboration, continuation phase II: Results of a floating semisubmersible wind system : preprint. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2012.

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.), ed. Model development and loads analysis of an offshore wind turbine on a tension leg platform with a comparison to other floating turbine concepts: April 2009. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, 2010.

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Castro-Santos, Laura, and Vicente Diaz-Casas, eds. Floating Offshore Wind Farms. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27972-5.

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Cruz, Joao, and Mairead Atcheson, eds. Floating Offshore Wind Energy. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29398-1.

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Ferrer, Esteban, and Adeline Montlaur, eds. CFD for Wind and Tidal Offshore Turbines. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16202-7.

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Offshore wind: A comprehensive guide to successful offshore wind farm installation. Waltham. MA: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2012.

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Lesny, Kerstin. Foundations for offshore wind turbines: Tools for planning and design. Essen: VGE Verlag GmbH, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Floating offshore wind turbines"

1

Karimirad, Madjid. "Floating Offshore Wind Turbines." In Offshore Energy Structures, 53–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12175-8_4.

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Santos, Fernando P., Ângelo P. Teixeira, and Carlos Guedes Soares. "Operation and Maintenance of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines." In Floating Offshore Wind Farms, 181–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27972-5_10.

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Jiang, Zhiyu, Xiangqian Zhu, and Weifei Hu. "Modeling and Analysis of Offshore Floating Wind Turbines." In Advanced Wind Turbine Technology, 247–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78166-2_9.

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Utsunomiya, T., I. Sato, T. Shiraishi, E. Inui, and S. Ishida. "Floating Offshore Wind Turbine, Nagasaki, Japan." In Large Floating Structures, 129–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-137-4_6.

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Leimeister, Mareike. "Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Systems." In Reliability-Based Optimization of Floating Wind Turbine Support Structures, 45–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96889-2_3.

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Peiffer, Antoine, and Dominique Roddier. "Floating Wind Turbines: The New Wave in Offshore Wind Power." In Alternative Energy and Shale Gas Encyclopedia, 69–79. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119066354.ch6.

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Bachynski, Erin E. "Fixed and Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Support Structures." In Offshore Wind Energy Technology, 103–42. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119097808.ch4.

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Utsunomiya, Tomoaki, Iku Sato, and Takashi Shiraishi. "Floating Offshore Wind Turbines in Goto Islands, Nagasaki, Japan." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 103–13. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5144-4_6.

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Utsunomiya, Tomoaki, Iku Sato, and Takashi Shiraishi. "Floating Offshore Wind Turbines in Goto Islands, Nagasaki, Japan." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 359–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8743-2_20.

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Chen, Jianbing, Yupeng Song, and Jie Li. "Structural Global Reliability Analysis of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines." In Handbook of Smart Energy Systems, 1–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72322-4_91-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Floating offshore wind turbines"

1

Bosch, C. "Machine Learning for Wind Turbine Fault Prediction through the Combination of Datasets from Same Type Turbines." In Floating Offshore Energy Devices. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901731-7.

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Abstract. Early fault detection in wind turbines is key to reduce both costs and uncertainty in the generation of energy and operation of these structures. The isolation of many wind farms, especially those offshore, makes scheduled maintenance very costly and on many occasions inefficient. In addition, the downtime of these structures is typically long and a predictive solution is much needed to 1) help prepare for the maintenance procedure beforehand, for instance to avoid delays when waiting for the required resources and components for maintenance to be available and, 2) avoid the possibility of more destructive system failures. Predicting failures in such complex systems requires modeling of multiple components in isolation and as a whole. Physics-based and data-based models are used for this purpose, which have been proven useful in this regard. Specifically, Machine Learning algorithms are proven to be a valuable resource in a wide range of problems in this industry, however a solution capable of accurately predicting the range of faults of a particular type of wind turbine is still a challenge. In this paper, we will introduce the capabilities of machine learning for wind turbine fault prediction, as well as a technique to predict different types of faults. We will compare the performance of two well established machine learning algorithms (namely K-Nearest Neighbour and Random Forest classifiers) on real wind turbine data which have produced great levels of prediction accuracy. We also propose data augmentation methods to help enhance the training of ML models when wind turbine data is scarce by merging data from turbines of the same type.
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Dao, P. B. "Cointegration Modelling for Health and Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbines - An Overview." In Floating Offshore Energy Devices. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901731-2.

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Abstract. The cointegration method has recently attracted a growing interest from scientists and engineers as a promising tool for the development of wind turbine condition monitoring systems. This paper presents a short review of cointegration-based techniques developed for condition monitoring and fault detection of wind turbines. In all reported applications, cointegration residuals are used in control charts for condition monitoring and early failure detection. This is known as the residual-based control chart approach. Vibration signals and SCADA data are typically used with cointegration in these applications. This is due to the fact that vibration-based condition monitoring is one of the most common and effective techniques (used for wind turbines); and the use of SCADA data for condition monitoring and fault detection of wind turbines has become more and more popular in recent years.
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Jodha, Shweta, Vibha Dinesh Sharma, and Arundhathi Arul. "Review on Floating Offshore Wind Turbines." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31391-ms.

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Abstract This paper provides a literature review of the research work done on floating offshore wind turbines, while discussing their technical, economic and environmental aspects. Through this study, research work in this technology is reviewed and future work recommendations are suggested. Centuries before, wind energy paved our way into the vast oceans. Its efficient utilization in the form of sails, helped us conquer the oceans with ships. Unfortunately, wind energy lost its charm in the oil era. But now as we realign our priorities for a greener future, wind energy is yet again turning out to be a reliable energy source. It can be our tool to shift to a cleaner energy supply and realize global renewable energy targets. To make the fossil-to-wind transition possible, the innovative concept of floating offshore wind energy is providing a sophisticated mechanism to harness the wind energy exponentially and will definitely help the mankind to reinforce a sustainable grip on the oceans once again. Floating wind turbines present an economical and technically feasible approach to access the deeper water sites to obtain the rich resource of wind power. Therefore, they have the potential to be the next generation of wind technology. With the installed floating wind power capacity to increase to 250 GW by 2050 (DNV GL Report- Floating Wind: The Power to Commercialize, 2020)[23], it is safe to say, the future is floating.
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Peña-Sanchez, Y. "Frequency-Domain Identification of Radiation Forces for Floating Wind Turbines by Moment-Matching." In Floating Offshore Energy Devices. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901731-9.

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Abstract. The dynamics of a floating structure can be expressed in terms of Cummins’ equation, which is an integro-differential equation of the convolution class. In particular, this convolution operator accounts for radiation forces acting on the structure. Considering that the mere existence of this operator is highly inconvenient due to its excessive computational cost, it is commonly replaced by an approximating parametric model. Recently, the Finite Order Approximation by Moment-Matching (FOAMM) toolbox has been developed within the wave energy literature, allowing for an efficient parameterisation of this radiation force convolution term, in terms of a state-space representation. Unlike other parameterisation strategies, FOAMM is based on an interpolation approach, where the user can select a set of interpolation frequencies where the steady-state response of the obtained parametric representation exactly matches the behaviour of the target system. This paper illustrates the application of FOAMM to a UMaine semi-submersible-like floating structure.
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Boutrot, Jonathan, and Aude Leblanc. "Certification Scheme for Offshore Floating Wind Turbines." In ASME 2018 1st International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2018-1011.

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Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWT) are promising Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) technologies. Considering the emerging stage of development of MRE technologies, no dedicated certification scheme has been developed so far by international organizations. Technical specifications are under development in the framework of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Technical Committee (TC) 88 and IEC Renewable Energy (IECRE). Within IECRE, the Marine Energy Operational Management Committee (ME OMC) is in charge of the development of a conformity assessment system dedicated to Floating Wind Turbines. In this context, Bureau Veritas (BV) has issued a Guidance Note NI631 Certification Scheme for Marine Renewable Energy Technologies and also the NI572 for the Classification and Certification of FOWT to support technology developers and speed up commercial phases. The note NI631 describes the different schemes of MRE certification, whereas the NI572 details the technical requirements for FOWT. This paper will provide an overview of the certification schemes applicable to FOWT technologies, addressing prototype, component, type and project certification. Main objective, scope, intermediary steps to be completed and resulting certificates will be detailed for each certification scheme, as well as their interactions. A methodology relying on the qualification of new technology process will be detailed when no guidelines or standards are available for the most innovative parts of a FOWT, or when existing standards from related sectors, such as wind energy, shipping or offshore Oil&Gas, require adaptations to fit their requirements to the specific MRE conditions.
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Thys, Maxime, Alessandro Fontanella, Federico Taruffi, Marco Belloli, and Petter Andreas Berthelsen. "Hybrid Model Tests for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines." In ASME 2019 2nd International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2019-7575.

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Abstract Model testing of offshore structures has been standard practice over the years and is often recommended in guidelines and required in certification rules. The standard objectives for model testing are final concept verification, where it is recommended to model the system as closely as possible, and numerical code calibration. Model testing of floating offshore wind turbines is complex due to the response depending on the aero-hydro-servo-elastic system, but also due to difficulties to perform model tests in a hydrodynamic facility with correctly scaled hydrodynamic, aerodynamic and inertial loads. The main limitations are due to the Froude-Reynolds scaling incompatibility, and the wind generation. An approach to solve these issues is by use of hybrid testing where the system is divided in a numerical and a physical substructure, interacting in real-time with each other. Depending on the objectives of the model tests, parts of a physical model of a FOWT can then be placed in a wind tunnel or an ocean basin, where the rest of the system is simulated. In the EU H2020 LIFES50+ project, hybrid model tests were performed in the wind tunnel at Politecnico di Milano, as well as in the ocean basin at SINTEF Ocean. The model tests in the wind tunnel were performed with a physical wind turbine positioned on top of a 6DOF position-controlled actuator, while the hydrodynamic loads and the motions of the support structure were simulated in real-time. For the tests in the ocean basin, a physical floater with tower subject to waves and current was used, while the simulated rotor loads were applied on the model by use of a force actuation system. The tests in both facilities are compared and recommendations on how to combine testing methodologies in an optimal way are discussed.
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Sebastian, Thomas, and Matthew Lackner. "Offshore Floating Wind Turbines - An Aerodynamic Perspective." In 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-720.

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Chen, Xiaohong, and Qing Yu. "Design Requirements for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11365.

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This paper presents the research in support of the development of design requirements for floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). An overview of technical challenges in the design of FOWTs is discussed, followed by a summary of the case studies using representative FOWT concepts. Three design concepts, including a Spar-type, a TLP-type and a Semisubmersible-type floating support structure carrying a 5-MW offshore wind turbine, are selected for the case studies. Both operational and extreme storm conditions on the US Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) are considered. A state-of-the-art simulation technique is employed to perform fully coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic analysis using the integrated FOWT model. This technique can take into account dynamic interactions among the turbine Rotor-Nacelle Assembly (RNA), turbine control system, floating support structure and stationkeeping system. The relative importance of various design parameters and their impact on the development of design criteria are evaluated through parametric analyses. The paper also introduces the design requirements put forward in the recently published ABS Guide for Building and Classing Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Installations (ABS, 2013).
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Hopstad, Anne Lene Haukanes, Kimon Argyriadis, Andreas Manjock, Jarett Goldsmith, and Knut O. Ronold. "DNV GL Standard for Floating Wind Turbines." In ASME 2018 1st International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2018-1035.

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The first issue of the DNV Offshore Standard, DNV-OS-J103 Design of Floating Wind Turbine Structures, was published in June 2013. The standard was based on a joint industry effort with representatives from manufacturers, developers, utility companies and certifying bodies from Europe, Asia and the US. The standard represented a condensation of all relevant requirements for floaters in existing DNV standards for the offshore oil and gas industry which were considered relevant also for offshore floating structures for support of wind turbines, supplemented by necessary adaptation to the wind turbine application. The development of the standard capitalized much on experience from development projects going on at the time, in particular the Hywind spar off the coast of western Norway, the WindFloat off the coast of Portugal and the Pelastar TLP concept. In July 2018, DNV GL published a revision of DNV-OS-J103 as a part of the harmonization of the DNV GL codes for the wind turbine industry after the merger between Det Norske Veritas (DNV) and Germanischer Lloyd (GL) in the fall of 2013. The standard was re-issued as DNVGL-ST-0119 Floating wind turbine structures. This new revision reflects the experience gained after the first issue in 2013 as well as the current trends within the industry. Since 2013, numerous guidelines addressing the design of floating structures for offshore wind turbines have been published by various certifying bodies, and an IEC technical specification on the subject is under way. In addition, several prototypes have been installed and the first small array of floating wind turbines, Hywind Scotland pilot park, are currently in operation. The most important updates in the revision of the standard include formulation of floater-specific load cases, requirements to be fulfilled to support the exemption for design of unmanned floaters with damage stability, and replacement of current consequence-class based requirements for design fatigue factors with low-consequence based factors dependent on the accessibility for inspection and repair, the aim being a safety level against fatigue similar to that which is currently targeted for bottom-fixed structures. Other topics which have been considered in the revision are the floater motion control system and its possible integration with the control and protection system for the wind turbine, the issue of how to deal with slack in tendons in the station keeping system, corrosion, anchor design and power cable design. In parallel to the revision of the standard, a new service specification for certification of floating wind turbines has been developed by DNV GL, identified as DNVGL-SE-0422 Certification of floating wind turbines. For technical requirements, the service specification refers to the revised standard, DNVGL-ST-0119. The technical paper summarizes the updates and changes in the revised standard, in addition to the content of the new service specification.
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Jeon, Minu, Seunghoon Lee, and Soogab Lee. "Wake Influence on Dynamic Characteristics of Offshore Floating Wind Turbines." In 33rd Wind Energy Symposium. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-1203.

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Reports on the topic "Floating offshore wind turbines"

1

Jonkman, Jason, Alan D. Wright, Gregory Hayman, and Amy N. Robertson. Full-System Linearization for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines in OpenFAST: Preprint. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1489323.

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Griffith, D. Todd, Matthew F. Barone, Joshua Paquette, Brian Christopher Owens, Diana L. Bull, Carlos Simao-Ferriera, Andrew Goupee, and Matt Fowler. Design Studies for Deep-Water Floating Offshore Vertical Axis Wind Turbines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1459118.

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Ennis, Brandon Lee, and D. Todd Griffith. System Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis for Floating Offshore Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1466530.

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Wang, Wei, Michael Brown, Matteo Ciantia, and Yaseen Sharif. DEM simulation of cyclic tests on an offshore screw pile for floating wind. University of Dundee, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001231.

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Screw piles need to be upscaled for offshore use e.g. being an alternative foundation and anchor form for offshore floating wind turbines, although the high demand of vertical installation forces could prevent its application if conventional pitch-matched installation is used. Recent studies, using numerical and centrifuge physical tests, indicated that the vertical installation force can be reduced by adopting over-flighting which also improved axial uplift capacity of the screw pile. The current study extends the scope to axial cyclic performance with respect to the installation approach. Using quasi-static discrete element method (DEM) simulation it was found that the over-flighted screw pile showed a lower displacement accumulation rate, compared to a pitch-matched installed pile, in terms of load-controlled cyclic tests. Sensitivity analysis of the setup of the cyclic loading servo shows the maximum velocity during the tests should be limited to avoid significant exaggeration of the pile displacement accumulation but this may lead to very high run durations.
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Branlard, Emmanuel, Matthew Hall, Andrew Platt, Amy Robertson, Greg Hayman, and Jason Jonkman. Implementation of Substructure Flexibility and Member-Level Load Capabilities for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines in OpenFAST. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1665796.

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Roald, L., J. Jonkman, and A. Robertson. Effect of Second-Order Hydrodynamics on a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1132170.

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Jonkman, J. M. Dynamics Modeling and Loads Analysis of an Offshore Floating Wind Turbine. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/921803.

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Gevorgian, Vahan. Grid Simulator for Testing a Wind Turbine on Offshore Floating Platform. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1036049.

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Bull, Diana L., Matthew Fowler, and Andrew Goupee. A Comparison of Platform Options for Deep-water Floating Offshore Vertical Axis Wind Turbines: An Initial Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1150233.

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Kim, MooHyun. Development of mooring-anchor program in public domain for coupling with floater program for FOWTs (Floating Offshore Wind Turbines). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1178273.

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