Journal articles: 'Flight simulator'

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Oh, Chang-Geun. "Pros and Cons of A VR-based Flight Training Simulator; Empirical Evaluations by Student and Instructor Pilots." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641047.

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A medium-fidelity virtual reality (VR) flight simulator was developed to evaluate how aircraft pilots perceived simulated flights in the VR environment compared with conventional mockup-based simulators. In Experiment 1, student and instructor pilots conducted ten repeating flights in the simulator. Three extreme flight conditions were created, and participants rated perceptions of the extreme flights using multiple criteria. In Experiment 2, pilots manipulated G1000 electronic cockpit systems in the simulator during three repeating simulated flights and were asked to rate their perceptions of the manual controls. Participants perceived that the VR simulator was similar to or better than conventional simulators for all given Experiment 1 criteria and found that repetition made the operations easier. However, manipulating electronic cockpit systems was still not considered better than using conventional simulators, even though it became easier by repetition. Participants liked the 360-degree angle of visibility in the VR environment.

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Kennedy, R. S., G. O. Allgood, B. W. Van Hoy, and M. G. Lilienthal. "Motion Sickness Symptons and Postural Changes following Flights in Motion-Based Flight Trainers." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 6, no. 4 (December 1987): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026309238700600402.

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Navy pilots flew over 193 standard training mission scenarios while acceleration recordings in three linear dimensions (gx, gy, and gz) were made for two moving-base flight trainers. The pilots, who were of comparable age and experience in both groups, were interviewed for motion sickness symptomatology and were tested for ataxia after leaving the simulators. The aircraft simulated included a P-3C turboprop fixed-wing patrol aircraft (2F87F), and an SH-3 antisubmarine warfare helicopter (2F64C). Motion sickness incidence was high in the SH-3 simulator and nonexistent in the P-3C. Ataxia scores indicated departures, though not significant, from expected learning curve improvements after exposure in both simulators. Spectral analyses of the motion recordings revealed significant amounts of energy in the nauseogenic region of 0.2 Hz in the SH-3 simulator in the gz and gy, but not in the gx. The levels exceeded those recommended for ship motion exposures by Military Standard 1472C. The P-3C simulator had low levels of energy in these regions, and well below recommended levels. The data are discussed from the standpoint that simulator sickness in moving-base simulation may be, at least in part, a function of exposure to frequencies that make people seasick.

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Stein, Michael, and Maxi Robinski. "Simulator Sickness in Flight Simulators of the German Armed Forces." Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors 2, no. 1 (January 2012): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000022.

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We investigated simulator sickness in jet simulators without motion platforms (Eurofighter), and in a helicopter simulator (EC 135) as well as in a reconnaissance aircraft simulator (P-3C-Orion) with motion simulation. In addition, workload, visual fatigue, and vitality of pilots were measured. In contrast to jet simulators, where no flashbacks were reported, the EC 135 and the P-3C-Orion simulators proved to be problematic, causing severe simulator sickness symptoms or flashbacks. In all three studies, simulator sickness correlated positively with workload and visual fatigue, while correlating negatively with vitality. In line with previous findings, compared with no-motion simulators, motion-based simulators evoke simulator sickness more easily. Back assumptions that higher workload can reduce simulator sickness could not be proved, since positive correlations were found.

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Park, Seongjoon, Woong Gyu La, Woonghee Lee, and Hwangnam Kim . "Devising a Distributed Co-Simulator for a Multi-UAV Network." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 6196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216196.

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Practical evaluation of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) network requires a lot of money to build experiment environments, which includes UAVs, network devices, flight controllers, and so on. To investigate the time-sensitivity of the multi-UAV network, the influence of the UAVs’ mobility should be precisely evaluated in the long term. Although there are some simulators for UAVs’ physical flight, there is no explicit scheme for simulating both the network environment and the flight environments simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a novel co-simulation scheme for the multiple UAVs network, which performs the flight simulation and the network simulation simultaneously. By considering the dependency between the flight status and networking situations of UAV, our work focuses on the consistency of simulation state through synchronization among simulation components. Furthermore, we extend our simulator to perform multiple scenarios by exploiting distributed manner. We verify our system with respect to the robustness of time management and propose some use cases which can be solely simulated by this.

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Andrienko, Oleksandr, Mykola Huchenko, Volodymyr Zinchenko, and Oleksandr Zhorniak. "SOFTWARE-HARDWARE COMPLEX OF QUALIFICATION EVALUATION OF MI-171 HELICOPTER SIMULATOR." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, no. 3(17) (2019): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2019-3(17)-49-54.

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Urgency of the research. Flight safety is an actual practical issue which solving influences the future of Ukraine as a transport state. As a consequence of technical progress aviation technology is becoming more and more sophisticated and reliable. However, the intensity of the impact on a person caused by various adverse factors, including information overloads, is constantly increasing. Statistics show that up to 80% of accidents and disasters occur due to pilot errors. The reason for about 35 % of these errors is lack of professional training, and about 40% of the errors are caused by inexperience of the crew. Target setting. The cost of aircraft, crew training and the "price" of error increase simultaneously. Cost of professional training of helicopter crews on complex flight simulators is an order of magnitude lower than on real helicopters. Therefore, today the focus of increasing the safety of flights is to improve the level of flight training and flight experience via the use of flight simulators with a high level of information adequacy to a real helicopter. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. In order to ensure the possibility of the trained crew to obtain the appropriate official documents stating their professional training level, the simulator must be certified according to national and international requirements, i.e. the adequacy of its handling qualities to the appropriate qualities of a simulated helicopter must be guaranteed. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The equipment allows simulating the conduct of the helicopter in all flight modes, including critical ones: control failure, landing in the mode of main lift rotor autorotation, etc., developing practical recommendations for the flight crew, as well as to train the flight crew to find ways out of emergencies. Receiving information about the flight mode, the parameters of the onboard systems, the external environment, etc., the crew envision the information flight model. The information model of the simulator should be as similar as possible to the information model of the real helicopter. Consequently, the basic components of the simulator are the imitation systems providing the influence of the information creating the adequate picture of the flight on sense organs of the crew, including eyesight – a visualization system, flight control equipment, etc.; hearing – a system of aviation noise simulation; vestibular apparatus – a motion generation system; tactile channel – a system for loading control levers. The research objective. The listed systems form the informational model of the simulator, which should be coordinated with the movement of the helicopter. A mathematical model of the helicopter movement dynamics and the models of the mentioned systems provide this coordination. To provide the operation of the complex flight simulator, nonlinear mathematical models of helicopter dynamics based on the modified discrete vortex method have been developed. The models describe the flow of the volumetric design of the propeller apparatus and allow simulating a real-time flight in different modes, including "post-stall" condition. The statement of basic materials. The principles and approaches to the qualification evaluation of complex flight helicopter simulators in accordance with the requirements of the EU (CS-FSTD (H)) and IKAO (Doc 9625) are analyzed. The performance capabilities of a complex full-flight Mi-171 helicopter simulator created by SPA "AVIA" are described. The necessity of certification of flight simulators in compliance with international standards is substantiated. The analysis of the validation procedure is performed. The structure and functioning of the software complex designed to automate validation tests are described. Conclusions. An algorithm for obtaining a conclusion on the test result for one of the tests is presented.

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Kumar, P. Suresh, and K. Senthil Kumar. "Airborne Sensor Model Position Fidelity Determination for Combat Aircraft Simulators." Advanced Materials Research 1016 (August 2014): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1016.429.

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Airborne sensors become a primary system in any combat program and the effectiveness depends on the coverage spectrum of the sensors and also the ability of flying machine. However evaluating the mission functionalities using sensors in flight involves tasks namely, Man Machine interface evaluation, Sensor function capability evaluation, System interface evaluation, Performance evaluation, pilot work load etc needs to carried out and the issues observed during the flight test needs to be cleared before accepting the system. It is one of the challenging task for any combat aircraft development program and proving require time, effort and also may lead to time and cost overrun. To minimize the effort one of the method adopted in recent flight development programs are using high fidelity sensor model to evaluate the mission function in the simulator which will reduce the actual test required in flight. Flight simulators during development of combat aircraft program have increased drastically in recent times with new technologies, possible to bring realism in a close room environment. However the success of any simulators depends on the fidelity of each subsystem integrated with in the simulator. Simulator contains simulation model which represents system in the aircraft world and the system which represents the outside world in a simulated manner. Mathematical based Avionics and weapon system Sensor simulation models is one of the major sub systems in any combat simulator and its level of usage depends on its fidelity. This paper proposes a unique and new methodology for evaluating the fidelity of simulated sensors used in the combat simulators. System identification technique allows generating mathematical model for dynamic systems having multiple input and output parameters. The developed model using System Identification Technique is a referent model through which the sensor model fidelity is evaluated.

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Allerton, D. J. "Flight simulation - past, present and future." Aeronautical Journal 104, no. 1042 (December 2000): 651–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000096901.

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Abstract This paper outlines the development of flight simulators used in civil training, military training and in engineering simulation. It describes the evolution of flight simulators and the typical architecture of a modern flight simulator. The technical innovations, which have occurred in modelling, motion systems and visual systems are reviewed. The paper also reviews the transfer of training in flight simulation, the application of simulation to engineering design and outlines problems which are encountered in flight simulation. The paper concludes by reviewing the current trends in flight simulation.

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Perfect, P., M. D. White, G. D. Padfield, and A. W. Gubbels. "Rotorcraft simulation fidelity: new methods for quantification and assessment." Aeronautical Journal 117, no. 1189 (March 2013): 235–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000007983.

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AbstractFlight simulators are integral to the design/development, testing/qualification, training and research communities and their utilisation is ever expanding. The use of flight simulation to provide a safe environment for pilot training, and in research and development, must be underpinned by quantification of simulator fidelity. While regulatory simulator standards exist for flight training simulators and new standards are in development, previous research has shown that current standards do not provide a fully quantitative approach for assessing simulation fidelity, especially in a research environment. This paper reports on progress made in a research project at the University of Liverpool (Lifting Standards), in which new predicted and perceptual measures of simulator fidelity have been developed. The new metrics have been derived from handling qualities engineering practice. Results from flight tests on the National Research Council (Canada) Bell 412 ASRA research aircraft and piloted simulation trials using the HELIFLIGHT-R simulator at Liverpool are presented to show the efficacy of adopting a handling qualities approach for fidelity assessment. Analysis of the new metrics has shown an appropriate degree of sensitivity to differences between flight and simulation.

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Zhang, Ya Ni, Yan Li, and Ya Kui Gao. "Commercial Transport Aircraft Flight Simulator Flying Qualities Airworthiness Verification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 235 (November 2012): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.235.170.

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Flight simulation is a simulation of flight and various aspects of the flight environment. Flight simulation is used for a variety of reasons, including aircraft development and flight training. The engineering flight simulator is used for a certain commercial transport aircraft development. The aircraft adopts fly-by-wire flight control technology. The engineering flight simulator was mainly used as a platform to test flying quality of the aircraft. The simulator has actual aircraft cockpit with wide-field visual system mounted on large six degree of freedom(DOF) motion platform that feature comprehensive flight and systems models. In order to demonstrate the flying quality of the aircraft, Flying quality verification experiments were carried out on the simulator. This test provided a means by which one may evaluate flight characteristics for fly-by-wire flight control commercial transport aircraft. Experiment results were evaluated .

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Sultan, Cornel, Martin Corless, and Robert E. Skelton. "Tensegrity Flight Simulator." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 23, no. 6 (November 2000): 1055–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.4647.

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Sheng, Xiao Wei, Jun Wei Han, and Ming Hui Hao. "Sound Analysis and Synthesis for Audio Simulation System of Flight Simulator." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.708.

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Through simulating the feelings of vision, hearing, motion and force during flight, the flight simulator can build a realistic flight environment on the ground. Therefore, Flight simulators have an important role in pilot training field. Audio simulation system is a key component of the flight simulator, it has direct impact on the realism and immersion of flight simulation. In this paper, we introduced the development procedure of audio simulation system shortly. Software implementation and its key development technology were mainly focused for expressing the necessity of extracting sound sources from original cockpit recordings. Based on the development method and practical recording conditions, we dicussed sound short-time Fourier analysis and synthesis technology, and sound linear prediction analysis and synthesis technology in detail. The objective of using these technologies was to extract sound sources from original recordings and this was also the preparation step of sound simulation.

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Xiao, Zhi Jian, and Jiang Jun Xu. "Simulation and Design of Control and Display Unit for Full Flight Simulator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 526 (February 2014): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.526.273.

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In order to solve the problem of simulation difficulty of the control and display unit (CDU) for full flight simulator, it is real significance to design the CDU. The principles and design methods are expounded about the CDU in detail. The simulation CDU is tested on full flight simulator. The results show that the simulation CDU can establish flight plan, modify flight route, and set the performance parameters. The component has correct logic, high fidelity and reliable performance. The simulation CDU can meet full flight simulator design requirements.

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Luo, Peng, Ronghua Hu, Junlin Bai, and Yang Shu. "Research into the kinematic singularity problem of an all-attitude simulator and its control." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 46, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2020-0214.

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All-attitude flight simulators can simulate flight attitude through three rotational degrees of freedom. In this paper, the inverse kinematics and singularity of the all-attitude simulator are analyzed. Because a singularity will reduce the fidelity of the flight attitude simulation, we investigated ways to resolve this problem. An approximate method for quickly quantifying singularities is proposed. Static damping and dynamic damping are designed to optimize the singularity of the all-attitude simulator and improve the fidelity of flight attitude simulation. Attitude data of typical flight movements, whose inverse kinematics has an obvious singular position, are used to test the two methods. The results of the simulation show that the two methods are feasible and effective, and that dynamic damping has better control over singular excesses than static damping.

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Gołębiewski, Michał, Marta Galant-Gołębiewska, and Remigiusz Jasiński. "Flight Simulator’s Energy Consumption Depending on the Conditions of the Air Operation." Energies 15, no. 2 (January 14, 2022): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020580.

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Protection of the natural environment is a key activity driving development in the transport discipline today. The use of simulators to train civil aviation pilots provides an excellent opportunity to maintain the balance between efficiency and limit the negative impact of transport on the environment. Therefore, we decided to determine the impact of selected simulations of air operations on energy consumption. The aim of the research was to determine the energy consumption of the flight simulator depending on the type of flight operation and configuration used. We also decided to compare the obtained result with the energy consumption of an aircraft of a similar class, performing a similar aviation operation and other means of transport. In order to obtain the results, a research plan was proposed consisting of 12 scenarios differing in the simulated aircraft model, weather conditions and the use of the simulator motion platform. In each of the scenarios, energy consumption was measured, taking into account the individual components of the simulator. The research showed that the use of a flight simulator has a much smaller negative impact on the natural environment than flying in a traditional plane. Use of a motion platform indicated a change in energy consumption of approximately 40% (in general, flight simulator configuration can change energy consumption by up to 50%). The deterioration of weather conditions during the simulation caused an increase in energy consumption of 14% when motion was disabled and 18% when motion was enabled. Energy consumption in the initial stages of pilot training can be reduced by 97% by using flight simulators compared to aircraft training.

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Huiru, Li. "Design and Implementation of Mechanical Instrument for Flight Simulator." MATEC Web of Conferences 291 (2019): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929101007.

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The mechanical simulation instrument of flight simulator can meet the display visual error specified by the new regulations. By studying the working principle of the flight simulator mechanical simulation instrument, it can be seen that the mechanical simulation instrument can be quickly converted into other instruments of the same series by changing the dial. Taking the oxygen pressure indicating instrument of flight simulator as an example, this paper introduces the design principle, design circuit diagram, design angle calculation and software architecture of the instrument. It was installed on the CJ1 flight simulator for transmission delay testing. Test results show that the simulation instrument can fully meet the regulatory requirements

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Hong, Liu. "Electric Servo Loading System Applied to Flight Simulator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.572.

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Flight simulator control loading system is an important part of the flight simulator, and it provides operating force people feeling system for Pilots. This paper introduces the working principle of digital control load system, and describes in detail the simulation and application of the electric servo loading system in the flight simulator. After tested the system has reached the ideal simulation results.

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Wei, Ming-Yen, Shen-An Fang, and Ji-Wei Liu. "Design and Implementation of a New Training Flight Simulator System." Sensors 22, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 7933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207933.

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Aircraft flight simulators have good cost efficiency, high reusability, and high flight safety. All airlines and aircraft manufacturing companies choose it as sophisticated training equipment for ground simulation, effectively reducing pilot training costs, ensuring personnel safety and aircraft wear and tear. The new simulator proposed in this paper combines a digital motion-cueing algorithm, flight software and motion platform to make pilots feel as if they are in the real world. By using EtherCAT technology to drive the motion-cueing platform, it can improve the data transmission speed of the simulator as well as the strong anti-interference ability of communication and the control operation efficiency. Therefore, the simulated flight subjects can perform long-distance and large-angle training. Next, a set of measurement systems was established to provide monitoring items including attitude, velocity and acceleration, which can be displayed on the screen and recorded on the computer in real time and dynamically. Finally, seven training subjects were implemented to demonstrate the feasibility and correctness of the proposed method.

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Liu, Xiao Feng, Jing Wei Yu, Hai Tao Wang, and Zhao Wen Fang. "Dynamic Analysis Helicopter Flight Simulator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1305.

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For helicopter structural characteristics, this article focuses on the helicopter to take off, hover and other state aerodynamic analysis, the establishment of the fuselage-landing gear dynamics model; while the helicopter simulator simulation system are described, and the kinetic model was built simulation analysis, simulation results and the actual flight conditions consistent, indicating that the model is correct, there is a certain reference value.

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Qi, Pan Guo, D. C. Cong, H. J. Jiang, and Jun Wei Han. "Systems Analysis for Commercial Aircraft Flight Simulator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.522.

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Flight simulator is a complex man-in-the-loop (MIL) simulation system. With several decades of development, it has already become important tools of aircraft design and development, and necessary means of pilot training. And simulation credibility and reliability of the flight simulator have been considerably improved in comparison with the past. However, the system of flight simulator has become increasingly complex and difficult to be described clearly. This paper presents the concepts of conceptual layer and achieving layer, analyzes the composition and principle of the commercial aircraft flight simulator for pilot training from the two layers, describes the system architecture in detail. According to the system architecture, three aspects are very important to develop the flight simulator, the first is the fidelity of the simulation models, the second is the performance of cueing devices, and the last are the computing capacity of the host computers and the time delay over the communication networks.

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Aláez, Daniel, Xabier Olaz, Manuel Prieto, Pablo Porcellinis, and Jesús Villadangos. "HIL Flight Simulator for VTOL-UAV Pilot Training Using X-Plane." Information 13, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13120585.

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With the increasing popularity of vertical take-off and landing unmanned aerial vehicles (VTOL UAVs), a new problem arises: pilot training. Most conventional pilot training simulators are designed for full-scale aircrafts, while most UAV simulators are just focused on conceptual testing and design validation. The X-Plane flight simulator was extended to include new functionalities such as complex wind dynamics, ground effect, and accurate real-time weather. A commercial HIL flight controller was coupled with a VTOL convertiplane UAV model to provide realistic flight control. A real flight case scenario was tested in simulation to show the importance of including an accurate wind model. The result is a complete simulation environment that has been successfully deployed for pilot training of the Marvin aircraft manufactured by FuVeX.

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Kumar, Ashish, Sugjoon Yoon, and V. R. Sanal Kumar. "Mixed Reality Simulation of High-Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Dual-Head Electromagnetic Propulsion Devices for Earth and Other Planetary Explorations." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (May 28, 2020): 3736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113736.

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One of the major limitations of existing unmanned aerial vehicles is limited flight endurance. In this study, we designed an innovative uninterrupted electromagnetic propulsion device for high-endurance missions of a quadcopter drone for the lucrative exploration of earth and other planets with atmospheres. As an airborne platform, this device could achieve scientific objectives better than state-of-the-art revolving spacecraft and walking robots, without any terrain limitation. We developed a mixed reality simulation based on a quadcopter drone and an X-Plane flight simulator. A computer with the X-Plane flight simulator represented the virtual part, and a real quadcopter operating within an airfield represented the real part. In the first phase of our study, we developed a connection interface between the X-Plane flight simulator and the quadcopter ground control station in MATLAB. The experimental results generated from the Earth’s atmosphere show that the flight data from the real and the virtual quadcopters are precise and very close to the prescribed target. The proof-of-concept of the mixed reality simulation of the quadcopter at the Earth atmosphere was verified and validated through several experimental flights of the F450 spider quadcopter with a Pixhawk flight controller with the restricted endurance at the airfield location of Hangang Drone Park in Seoul, South Korea. We concluded that the new generation drones integrated with lightweight electromagnetic propulsion devices are a viable option for achieving unrestricted flight endurance with improved payload capability for Earth and other planetary explorations with the aid of mixed reality simulation to meet the mission flight path demands. This study provides insight into mixed reality simulation aiming for Mars explorations and high-endurance missions in the Earth’s atmosphere with credibility using quadcopter drones regulated by dual-head electromagnetic propulsion devices.

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Shen, Dong Kai, Zheng Hua Liu, and Shi Zhang Liu. "Friction Compensation Based Acceleration Feedback Control for Flight Simulator." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1702.

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The flight simulator is one kind of servo system with uncertainties and disturbances. To obtain high low-velocity performance and good robustness for the flight simulator, we present a novel robust controller based on the acceleration feedback and Disturbance Observer. Firstly, the plant model and the framework of the novel controller are described. Secondly, the principle and the design process of the acceleration feedback controller are analyzed and expatiated respectively. Finally, simulation results on the flight simulator show that the acceleration feedback controller can compensate nonlinear friction problems and the system performance can be improved. Therefore both robustness and high performance of the flight simulator are achieved. It is an applied technology for the control of servo system, such as the flight simulator.

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Allerton, D. J. "The case for flight simulation in general aviation." Aeronautical Journal 106, no. 1065 (November 2002): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000018261.

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AbstractThis paper sets out the case to extend the role of flight simulation in general aviation. It outlines the benefits that flight simulation has brought to airline safety but observes that the majority of pilots worldwide receive no simulator-based training or checking. The paper reviews the potential benefits of synthetic training and provides an analysis of accidents in general aviation to show that a significant reduction in fatal accidents is achievable by instituting recurrent pilot checks in a flight simulator, similar to the simulator checks undertaken by airline pilots. The paper summarises the advances in simulator technology which have occurred in recent years and outlines a scheme to fund the introduction of flight training devices in general aviation, based on compulsory recurrent checks for PPL and CPL pilots. The paper surmises that flight simulation offers a practical means to reduce the accident rate in general aviation and concludes by outlining a financial case to fund the introduction of mandatory simulation-based recurrent checks in general aviation.

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Allerton, D. J. "The case for flight simulation in general aviation." Aeronautical Journal 106, no. 1065 (November 2002): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000011611.

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AbstractThis paper sets out the case to extend the role of flight simulation in general aviation. It outlines the benefits that flight simulation has brought to airline safety but observes that the majority of pilots worldwide receive no simulator-based training or checking. The paper reviews the potential benefits of synthetic training and provides an analysis of accidents in general aviation to show that a significant reduction in fatal accidents is achievable by instituting recurrent pilot checks in a flight simulator, similar to the simulator checks undertaken by airline pilots. The paper summarises the advances in simulator technology which have occurred in recent years and outlines a scheme to fund the introduction of flight training devices in general aviation, based on compulsory recurrent checks for PPL and CPL pilots. The paper surmises that flight simulation offers a practical means to reduce the accident rate in general aviation and concludes by outlining a financial case to fund the introduction of mandatory simulation-based recurrent checks in general aviation.

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Zhang, Lei, H. Z. Jiang, and H. R. Li. "PC-Based Human-In-the-Loop Simulation for Flight." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.476.

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The development of a flight simulator is a challenging work because of its complexity and tremendous cost. We implement a prototype composed of PC cluster and have proved its coordination character as a flight training device. This paper describes the architecture of the flight simulator, the software development tools and hardware platform. These software and hardware constitute a PC based simulation environment and make the expense of the simulation application affordable. We also present the simulation modeling process. For the integrity of the cueing system, we designed a virtual prototype of motion system and connected it to the flight simulator. The integrated system gave us a chance to testify the coordination of the simulator. The verification method and result are presented to show the feasibility of the design based on PC.

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Li, Zhao Hui, and Gang Li. "Extending FMCS Test for Flight Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 88-89 (August 2011): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.88-89.72.

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By means of a simulator we could expand the test research scope which could not be reached with flight tests, and recover and repeat some special domain of the test course, and make many kinds of experiments about FMCS properties, functions and with embedded failures by combining simulation tests with practical structure. The reliability and creditability of simulation results could be increased under real FMCS in conjunction with semi-entity simulation. Simulators combining a real FMCS with digital simulation have been used extensively for evaluating the large matrix of FMCS contents.

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Deters, Robert W., Glen A. Dimock, and Michael S. Selig. "Icing Encounter Flight Simulator." Journal of Aircraft 43, no. 5 (September 2006): 1528–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.20364.

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Siota, Toshiharu. "Visual simulations. Flight simulator." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 43, no. 1 (1989): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.43.21.

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Wang, Tao, Ming Chao Zhu, Sheng Li Yin, and Hong Guang Jia. "Precision Analysis of Simulation Systems with Hardware-in-Loop Caused by Performance of Three-Axis Virtual Flight Motion Simulator." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 4860–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.4860.

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Simulation systems with hardware-in-loop are composed by three-Axis virtual flight motion simulator, simulation computer, load torque simulator, and visual simulation systems. Three-Axis Virtual Flight Motion Simulator are used to simulate the attitude of missile in simulation system with hardware-in-loop, so its performance influenced the result of simulation directly. This paper mainly analyzed the factors which influenced the performance of a three-Axis virtual flight motion simulator which we are used now in the lab, then analyzed the entire simulation system’s error caused by these factors through numerical simulation method. By analysis we can see that bandwidth is the main factor influenced the precision of simulation systems with hardware-in-loop, mechanical device installation error and measurement error may also cause some errors of the systems at the same time.

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Dolzhenko, N., and E. Mailyanova. "Aviation simulator software, typical functions and its development prospects." Bulletin of the National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan 82, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47533/2020.1606-146x.132.

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Flight simulators have been used for more than eighty years. The development of aircraft simulators that simulate the pilot’s work in the cockpit, the conditions of take-off, flight, landing, as well as the work of the dispatcher to train and maintain the professional level of aviation specialists is being addressed worldwide[1]. Training complexes can be divided into several parts, one of which is software. The instructor’s workstation software allows him to set various parameters of take-off, flight and landing conditions, as well as monitor and control the simulator subsystems. The article discusses typical functions of simulator software and prospects for the training development on flight simulators.

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Fowlkes, J. E., R. S. Kennedy, and M. G. Lilienthal. "Postural Disequilibrium following Training Flights." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 5 (September 1987): 488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100501.

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The use of flight simulators for training military aircrew and commercial pilots has been increasing dramatically since World War II. However, the advantages of simulator training, such as cost-effectiveness and variety of missions which can be safely flown, may be offset by the occurrence of ataxia and other symptoms associated with simulator training. The present paper reports on postural disequilibrium following training in eight Navy flight simulators. Tests of standing steadiness were administered to 726 Naval and Marine Corps aviators prior to and then just following their regular flight training. Statistically significant ataxic effects were found following simulator exposure. The implications of these data for safety are discussed.

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Shen, Dong Kai, Jing Jing Wang, and Zheng Hua Liu. "Robust BackStepping Control Based DRNN for Flight Simulator." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1708.

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Flight motion simulator is one kind of servo system with uncertainties and nonlinearities. To acquire higher frequency response and good robustness for the flight simulator, we present a Backstepping controller based on a Diagonal Recurrent Neural Network (DRNN) to work out this problem. For one thing, the design procedure of the robust Backstepping controller is described. Subsequently, the principle and the design steps of DRNN are analyzed and expatiated respectively. In the end, simulation results on the flight motion simulator show that robust backstepping control based on DRNN can compensate for external disturbances and enhance robustness of the system control performance. Therefore both robustness and high performance of the flight motion simulator are achieved.

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Pavel, M. D., M. White, G. D. Padfield, G. Roth, M. Hamers, and A. Taghizad. "Validation of mathematical models for helicopter flight simulators past, present and future challenges." Aeronautical Journal 117, no. 1190 (April 2013): 343–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000008058.

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Abstract At the heart of a flight simulator resides the mathematical representation of aircraft behaviour in response to control inputs, atmospheric disturbances and system inputs including failures and malfunctions. While this mathematical model can never be wholly accurate, its fidelity, in comparison with real world behaviour, underpins the usefulness of the flight simulator. The present paper examines the state of the art achieved in validating mathematical models for helicopter simulators, addressing the strengths and weaknesses of the present European standard for the qualification of helicopter flight simulators, JAR FSTD-H (previously JAR-STD-1H/2H/3H). Essential questions are examined, such as: What is the required model fidelity to guarantee a simulation is sufficiently representative to be fit for purpose? Are the tolerances set in the current standards fine enough that they lead to only minor changes in handling qualities? What is an acceptable tuning process for the simulation? What is the effect of modelling fidelity on the overall pilot control strategy? What is the relationship between the settings of the simulator cueing environment and the behaviour of the pilot? What is the industrial experience on qualification of flight simulators that might usefully inform developments? Many of these questions were addressed in Europe in a previous GARTEUR Action Group (AG) HC/AG-12 the results of which are documented in this paper. Solutions are proposed for improving the current JAR-FSTD standard with respect to validation of mathematical models.

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Jin, Rong. "Design of vehicular flight test simulation platform for a civil airplane." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2336, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2336/1/012018.

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Abstract During the flight test process of newly developed civil airplane, flight tests are often carried out at several typical airports according to different tasks such as high humidity, high temperature and low temperature tests. Using a vehicular flight test simulator to support flight test task not only can address the needs of multi-regional flight test tasks, but also can provide effective support for ensuring flight test safety and improving flight test efficiency. Aiming at the vehicular flight test simulation platform, an extendable vehicle platform is designed to make it has enough inner space to build the flight test simulator. Moreover, according to the uniqueness of the vehicular platform, the visual subsystem and simulation cockpit subsystem are optimal designed. Based on the details above, the overall design of the platform is formed.

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Liu, Xiang Ming, and Xi Juan Hu. "Analysis and Research on Structural Dynamics of Three-Axis Flight Simulator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 65 (June 2011): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.65.57.

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This paper mainly aims at analyzing and researching on the dynamic characteristics of the three-axis flight simulator based on O-U-T type, by using multi-physical field analysis ALGOR. The paper gives out the low-order natural frequencies of three-axis simulator and its corresponding vibration modes under real load, and also presents the dynamic characteristics of harmonic response, transient response and response spectrum analysis under the influences of constraint and excitation. From the simulation results, found structure design and material property greatly affect on the dynamic performances of the simulator, confirmed the structure can meet its performance indicators and frequency response requirements. This is not only provide the evidence for structural optimization design and option evaluation of other similar simulation turntables, but also can be served as a useful reference for designing and debugging the control system of the simulators.

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Pradhan, Gaurav N., Raquel C. Galvan-Garza, Alison M. Perez, Jan Stepanek, and Michael J. Cevette. "Visual Vestibular Conflict Mitigation in Virtual Reality Using Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 93, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5921.2022.

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BACKGROUND: Virtual reality (VR) is an effective technique to reduce cost and increase fidelity in training programs. In VR, visual and vestibular cues are often in conflict, which may result in simulator-induced motion sickness. The purpose of this study is to investigate the integration of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) with a VR flight training simulator by assessing flight performance, secondary task performance, simulator sickness and presence.METHODS: There were 20 participants who performed 2 separate VR flight simulation sessions, with and without GVS (control). Flight performance, secondary task performance, and electrogastrogram were measured during VR flight simulation. The standardized simulator sickness and presence questionnaires were administered.RESULTS: Electrogastrogram measures such as dominant power instability coefficient (DPIC) and percentages of bradygastric waves (%B) were lower in the GVS session than the control session in the flight simulation (DPIC: 0.44 vs. 0.54; %B: 21.2% vs. 30.5%) and postflight (DPIC: 0.38 vs. 0.53; %B: 22.8% vs. 31.4%) periods. Flight performance (#hit-gates) was improved in the GVS session compared to the control (GVS: 17, Control: 15.5). Secondary task performance (%hits) was improved with GVS for the Easy task (GVS: 55.5%, Control: 43.1%).DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates the potential of synchronizing GVS with visual stimuli in VR flight training to reduce visual-vestibular sensory conflict to improve fidelity and performance. These results provide initial evidence, but continued research is warranted to further understand the benefits and applications of GVS in VR simulator training.Pradhan GN, Galvan-Garza RC, Perez AM, Stepanek J, Cevette MJ. Visual vestibular conflict mitigation in virtual reality using galvanic vestibular stimulation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(5):406–414.

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Tahir, Muhammad, Rabia Noor Enam, Syed Muhammad Nabeel Mustafa, and Rehan Qureshi. "An Android Based Flight Simulator using VR Technology." Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Technology 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51846/vol4iss2pp131-138.

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For training young pilots. Flight simulators enhance the safety measures, as the risk factor of severe injuries are eliminated since the training is now synthetic. However, flight simulators also require large space, large budget and does have many high end requirements, which are to be met in order to make the simulator respond and perform identical to that of a real aircraft. Flight simulators does have their hardware constraints and because of these limitations, the simulators are not of generic nature that supports different sort of aircrafts. In this paper, the simulator environment is deployed in virtual reality to simulate the similar controls on a stereoscopic environment. Deployment of the simulator is such, that experience of flying an aircraft from cockpit will give a sensational view to the user. Virtual reality is used in learning purpose, as normal person can experience what it will be like, to fly an aircraft

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Plastun, Tatiana, and Andrii Bykov. "Creation and analysis of a flight attendant platform." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: Dynamics and Strength of Machines, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-9130.2021.1.238969.

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Flight simulators have been used for a long time to train pilots of any type of aircraft. This type of training is more economical. The flight simulator improves control skills in extreme situations with minimal risks for the future pilot. Training on a flight simulator makes it possible to reproduce adverse weather conditions at any time. The pilot is on the ground in a special cockpit, which is mounted on a movable platform. This system is needed to ensure flight conditions as close to real as possible. The subject of the research in the article is an aviation simulator on the Stewart platform. The aim is to create and analyze an flight simulator platform using software. The paper presents the already existing flight simulator and its characteristics. Taking into account its dimensions and weight, the platform is modeled in SolidWorks. The kinematic diagram of the type design (6-6) is selected and presented. The basic equation of dynamics for calculating platform motion law for given values of the control forces is given. Also using this equation it is possible to find the controlling forces knowing the law of motion. The developed 3D model consists of two platforms, a movable and a stationary one. The legs with automatically variable length are attached to the platform using hinges. Selected material aluminum alloy type 2024 from which the platform is created. Selected material aluminum alloy type 2024 from which the platform is created. Static analysis of the loaded platform was performed. By loaded platform is meant that in the places where the simulator and the pi-lot's seat are installed, loads equal in weight to the simulator and the maximum weight of the seat with the pilot are applied. The anal-ysis includes such epurfaces: loads to assess whether the structure can support a given weight, displacement, deformation, safety margins and a Design Insight plot to evaluate design details. Identification of elements that are most likely to start collapsing under the weight of the simulator. The research was performed using SolidWorks Simulation software. Based on the data obtained from the plot, conclusions were made about the performance and safety of the developed platform.

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Kotov, Oleg V., Sergey N. Sinelnikov, Ilya O. Naturalnikov, Andrey V. Savin, Ivan A. Drobot, Evgeny A. Gerasimenko, and Evgeny M. Vyborov. "Features of flight information perception in shaping the flight concept." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 23, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma60341.

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This study determines the peculiarities of perception of aerobatic information in shaping the horizontal flight concept for operators who do not have experience in simulator training. The skill formation assessment in 10 flights was conducted using time indicators and generalized piloting error calculation based on the task. The program of activity concept shaping is developed using complex sensorimotor reactions at the 3rd stage of flight to increase the attention reserves of operators. The distribution of attention was analyzed when recording the coordinates of eye fixation in the designated visual zones using the mobile oculography system SMI ETG 2 WirelessAnalysPro. The number of eye fixations is established to increase with increased flight experience. Over each flight, the operator spends less time on the perception and evaluation of flight information from a particular device, thus the speed of changing saccadic eye movements increases, and the duration of the fixations themselves decreases. The proposed method of step-by-step flight concept shaping during the performance of the task of the horizontal flight showed high efficiency of developing motor and sensory skills. The development of such modular programs for training take-off and landing may significantly improve the principles of simulator training. The obtained data reveal the peculiarities of aerobatic information perception by operators of complex ergatic systems, with the prospect of increasing the reliability of professional activity of young pilots in the transition to real practical flights.

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Caddigan, Eamon. "Reconstructing Simulator Control Inputs: A Machine Learning Approach." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621012.

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Flight simulators are valuable tools for human factors research. However, some simulation platforms fail to record all of the information relevant to the researcher. While the data produced by most simulators includes details about the position and state of the simulated aircraft, some platforms do not record pilots’ control input. Missing control input data make it difficult to evaluate response times, a key behavioral measure in human factors research. Here we describe a technique that uses machine learning to reconstruct aircraft maneuvers using aircraft control surface information, which is typically available in simulator output files. This allows researchers to more accurately estimate the moment at which a pilot initiated a maneuver.

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Wilson, Glenn F., Brad Purvis, June Skelly, Penny Fullenkamp, and Iris Davis. "Physiological Data Used to Measure Pilot Workload in Actual Flight and Simulator Conditions." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 7 (September 1987): 779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100720.

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Three physiological measures of workload; heart rate, eye blink, and EEG were recorded from eight experienced A-7 attack aircraft pilots. Each pilot flew the same familiar training mission three times; one mission in the lead position of a four ship formation and the other as wing, and once in an A-7 simulator. The mission lasted approximately 90 minutes and consisted of take-off, low altitude terrain following, high G maneuvers, inflight navigational updates, weapons delivery, and a high altitude cruise to base, ending in a formation landing. The data show significant differences between simulated and actual flights for all measures. There were also significant differences between mission segments for each pilot. The heart rate data most obviously reflect the changes in workload level throughout the mission and between flight position and simulator. Blink rate and duration were sensitive to changing visual attentional demands. The EEG data showed differences between the actual flight missions and the simulator.

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Konstantyan, Vladislav N., Rakhim S. Nakhushev, and Umar M. Yakhutlov. "FLIGHT SIMULATOR INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM." Electrical and data processing facilities and systems 14, no. 4 (December 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/1999-5458-2018-14-4-97-103.

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SATO, Tomoaki. "S201013 Stereo Visualized Flight Simulator." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2011 (2011): _S201013–1—_S201013–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2011._s201013-1.

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Rustamov, S., E. Gasimov, R. Hasanov, S. Jahangirli, E. Mustafayev, and D. Usikov. "Speech recognition in flight simulator." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 459 (December 7, 2018): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/459/1/012005.

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Janky, F., E. Fable, W. Treutterer, I. Gomez Ortiz, and O. Kudlacek. "ASDEX Upgrade flight simulator development." Fusion Engineering and Design 146 (September 2019): 1926–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.03.067.

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A, Kaviyarasu, Saravanakumar A, and Rajesh G. "HILS based Waypoint Simulation for Fixed Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)." Defence Science Journal 72, no. 5 (November 1, 2022): 687–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.72.17952.

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Hardware in loop simulation HILS-based waypoint simulation for fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicles is proposed in this paper. It uses an open-source arducopter as a flight controller, mission planner, and X-plane simulator. Waypoint simulation is carried out in the flight controller and executed in an X-plane simulator through a mission planner. A fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle with an inverted T tail configuration has been chosen to study and validate waypoint flight control algorithms. The data transmission between mission planner and flight controller is done by serial protocol, whereas data exchange between X-plane and mission planner is done by User Datagram Protocol (UDP). APM mission planner is used as a machine interface to exchange data between the flight controller and the user. User inputs and flight gain parameters, both inner loop and outer loop, can be modified with the help of a mission planner. In addition to that, the mission planner provides a visual output representation of flight data and navigation algorithm.

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Lü, Zhi, Zhan Gao, and Yi Lü. "A Flight Simulator that Grouping Aircrafts Simultaneously Take off and Land in Open Grid Computing Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (June 2012): 1292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.1292.

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The performance of airplane in commercial airline environment is determined by, and therefore an indicator of performance measure of, the thermodynamic properties of airplane. The aim of this study was to establish the use of simulators to determine aircraft accident for a flight of airplanes and evaluate the potential of new airspace structure and airport’s runway. This indicates that there is a possibility of obtaining airplane performance from analysis and verification simulating airplane. As compared with AIRBUS Full Flight Simulator, a multiple aircrafts flight simulator that grouping aircrafts simultaneously take off and land was presented, which is basis on a parallel distributed computing in Open Grid Computing Environment (OGCE), and service oriented architecture (SOA) of software in multiple aircraft simulator, the performance of collaborative flight of multiple aircrafts is evaluated.

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Ungs, Timothy J. "Simulator Induced Syndrome: Evidence for Long Term Simulator Aftereffects." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 5 (September 1987): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100505.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and significance of adverse symptoms occurring in pilots more than 24 hours after completion of flight simulator training. This continued occurrence or recurrence of symptoms is termed by the author as “Long Term Simulator Aftereffects” (LTSA). Information was gathered by multi-part, anonymous, and voluntary questionnaire. Nine (4.6%) of 196 pilots studied reported LTSA. Several pilots reported symptoms up to one week and one three weeks post simulator training. Symptoms reported included: recurrent visual flashbacks, continued disturbance in balance, difficulties in concentrating and hand-eye discoordination. Three pilots (1.5%) reported difficulties in flying aircraft. There was no statistically significant association between LTSA and: total flight time, total simulator time, length of simulator training, self-determined motion sickness susceptibility, and sex. Simulator training can result in the occurrence of long term (1 day) adverse symptoms which poses flight safety concerns.

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Henschel, F., and S. Chetty. "Flight control system design for an in-flight simulator." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 12, no. 3 (May 1989): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.20415.

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Davis, Milt, and Peter Montgomery. "A Flight Simulation Vision for Aeropropulsion Altitude Ground Test Facilities." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 127, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1806452.

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Testing of a gas turbine engine for aircraft propulsion applications may be conducted in the actual aircraft or in a ground-test environment. Ground test facilities simulate flight conditions by providing airflow at pressures and temperatures experienced during flight. Flight-testing of the full aircraft system provides the best means of obtaining the exact environment that the propulsion system must operate in but must deal with limitations in the amount and type of instrumentation that can be put on-board the aircraft. Due to this limitation, engine performance may not be fully characterized. On the other hand, ground-test simulation provides the ability to enhance the instrumentation set such that engine performance can be fully quantified. However, the current ground-test methodology only simulates the flight environment thus placing limitations on obtaining system performance in the real environment. Generally, a combination of ground and flight tests is necessary to quantify the propulsion system performance over the entire envelop of aircraft operation. To alleviate some of the dependence on flight-testing to obtain engine performance during maneuvers or transients that are not currently done during ground testing, a planned enhancement to ground-test facilities was investigated and reported in this paper that will allow certain categories of flight maneuvers to be conducted. Ground-test facility performance is simulated via a numerical model that duplicates the current facility capabilities and with proper modifications represents planned improvements that allow certain aircraft maneuvers. The vision presented in this paper includes using an aircraft simulator that uses pilot inputs to maneuver the aircraft engine. The aircraft simulator then drives the facility to provide the correct engine environmental conditions represented by the flight maneuver.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Flight simulator'

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