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Journal articles on the topic 'Flexure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 March 2023

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1

Sollpaur, Shrishail B., Maharudra S. Patil, and Suhas P. Deshmukh. "Evaluation of Stiffness and Parametric Modelling of XY Flexure Mechanism for Precision Applications." Journal of Modeling and Simulation of Materials 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/jmsm.1.1.8-15.

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In miniaturized scale electro-mechanical framework (MEMS) flexural instruments are generally utilized in light of their preferences, frictionless and wear less movement and high accuracy. Flexures rely upon material versatility for their usefulness. In flexure component, movement is created because of flexibility of the shaft from which it is made. One of the run of the mill favorable circumstances of flexural system is to increase exact twisting and adaptability to acquire movement wanted way. This paper manages outline, examination and displaying of XY flexure instrument which depends on twofold parallelogram flexure (DFM). The XY system exhibited has solid structure and it depends on twofold parallelogram flexure. Limited component model and investigation is completed in ANSYS 15. Static examination is done to discover constrain avoidance attributes of instrument. Parametric examination is utilized to improve outline parameters of flexure shaft. Limited component examination (FEA) result approves investigative outcomes of component.

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2

Roopa, R., P. Navin Karanth, and S. M. Kulkarni. "Design, fabrication and experimental studies of compliant flexure diaphragm for micro pump." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.21 (April 20, 2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.21.11838.

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This study reports the performance of piezo actuated compliant flexure diaphragm for micropump and MEMS application. To achieve the high performance of diaphragm at the low operating voltage compliant flexure diaphragm design is introduced. Very limited work has done on the diaphragms of micropump. Large numbers of mechanical micropumps have used plane diaphragms. The central deflection of diaphragm plays an important role in defining the micropump performance. The flow rate of mechanical type micropump strongly depends on the central deflection of diaphragm. In this paper compliant flexure diaphragms are designed for micropump to achieve higher deflection at lower operating voltage. Finite element analysis of compliant flexure diaphragm with single layer PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride) actuator is simulated in COMSOL. Compliant flexure diaphragms with a different number of flexures are analyzed. The central deflection of compliant flexure diaphragms is measured for driving voltages of 90V to 140V in 10 steps. The deflection of the compliant flexure diaphragm mainly depends on flexure width and length, the number of flexures in the diaphragm, PVDF thickness, diaphragm thickness and driving voltage. Use of compliant flexure diaphragm for micropump will reduce the mass and driving voltage of micropump. An attempt is made to compare the results of compliant flexure diaphragms with plane diaphragms. From the experimental results it is noticed that the compliant flexure diaphragm deflection is twice that of the plane diaphragm at same driving voltage. Deflection of three flexure and four flexure compliant diaphragms is 10.5µm and 11.5µm respectively at 140V.

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3

Lobontiu, Nicolae, Jeffrey S. N. Paine, Ephrahim Garcia, and Michael Goldfarb. "Corner-Filleted Flexure Hinges." Journal of Mechanical Design 123, no. 3 (October 1, 2000): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1372190.

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The paper presents an analytical approach to corner-filleted flexure hinges. Closed- form solutions are derived for the in-plane compliance factors. It is demonstrated that the corner-filleted flexure hinge spans a domain delimited by the simple beam and the right circular flexure hinge. A comparison that is made with the right circular flexure hinges indicates that the corner-filleted flexures are more bending-compliant and induce lower stresses but are less precise in rotation. The finite element simulation and experimental results confirmed the model predictions.

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4

Taylor, Stephen J., Alex Manara, Jules Brown, Kaylee Allan, Rowan Clemente, and Deirdre Toher. "Cortrak feeding tube placement: interpretation agreement of the ‘GI flexure’ system versus X-ray." British Journal of Nursing 29, no. 12 (June 25, 2020): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2020.29.12.662.

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Background: Blind (unguided) feeding tube placement results in 0.5% of patients suffering major complications mainly due to lung misplacement detected prior to feeding. Electromagnet-guided (Cortrak) tube placement could pre-empt such complications but undetected misplacements still occur due to incorrect trace interpretation. By identifying gastrointestinal (GI) flexures from the trace, ‘the GI flexure system’, it has been proposed that tube position can be interpreted. Aims: To audit agreement between standards of interpreting tube position: the Cortrak ‘GI flexure’ system versus X-ray. Methods: In 185 primary nasointestinal tube placements tube position determined by Cortrak trace interpretation (GI flexure) was retrospectively compared with radiological position in a blinded study. Findings: Radiological and Cortrak interpretation agreed in 92.2–98.3% of placements at different GI flexures. Discrepancy mainly occurred because some radiological images were unclear or did not cover all anatomical points. Conclusion: The GI flexure method of Cortrak interpretation appears safe but would necessitate prospective radiological investigation to definitively test equivalence.

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5

Taylor, Stephen, Alex Manara, Jules Brown, Kaylee Sayer, Rowan Clemente, and Deirdre Toher. "Cortrak feeding tube placement: accuracy of the ‘GI flexure system’ versus manufacturer guidance." British Journal of Nursing 29, no. 21 (November 26, 2020): 1277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2020.29.21.1277.

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Electromagnetic (EM) guided enteral tube placement may reduce lung misplacement to almost zero in expert centres, but more than 60 undetected misplacements had occurred by 2016 resulting in major morbidity or death. Aim: Determine the accuracy of manufacturer guidance in trace interpretation against what is referred to as the ‘GI flexure system’. Methods: The authors prospectively observed the accuracy of the ‘GI flexure system’ of trace interpretation against manufacturer guidance in primary nasointestinal (NI) tube placements. Findings: Contrary to manufacturer guidance, 33% of traces deviated >5 cm from the sagittal midline and 26.5% were oesophageal when entering the lower left quadrant, incorrectly indicating lung and gastric placement, respectively. Conversely, the GI flexure system identified ≥99.4% of GI traces when they reached the gastric body flexure; 100% at the superior duodenal flexure. All lung misplacements were identified by the absence of GI flexures. Conclusion: Current manufacturer guidance should be updated to the GI flexure system of interpretation.

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6

Grippo, John O. "Tooth Flexure." Journal of the American Dental Association 122, no. 7 (July 1991): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1991.0226.

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7

Hopkins, J. B. "Designing hybrid flexure systems and elements using Freedom and Constraint Topologies." Mechanical Sciences 4, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-4-319-2013.

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Abstract. In this paper we introduce the principles necessary to synthesize hybrid flexure systems and elements. Flexure systems consist of rigid bodies that are joined together by flexure elements that elastically deform to guide the system's rigid bodies with desired degrees of freedom (DOFs). The principles introduced here for synthesizing hybrid flexure systems and elements are extensions of the Freedom and Constraint Topologies (FACT) synthesis approach. FACT utilizes a comprehensive library of geometric shapes from which designers can rapidly consider and compare a multiplicity of flexure concepts that achieve any desired set of DOFs. Prior to this paper, designers primarily used these shapes to synthesize parallel and serial flexure systems and elements. With this paper, designers may now use these same shapes to synthesize more general flexures that consist of various combinations of parallel and serial systems and elements (i.e., hybrid configurations). As such, designers can access a larger body of flexure solutions that satisfy demanding design requirements. Instructions for helping designers utilize or avoid the advantages and challenges of over-, under-, and exact-constraint are also provided. Hybrid systems and elements are analysed and designed as case studies.

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8

Nanni, Antonio, and Michael S. Norris. "FRP jacketed concrete under flexure and combined flexure-compression." Construction and Building Materials 9, no. 5 (October 1995): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-0618(95)00021-7.

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9

Panas, Robert M., Frederick Sun, Logan Bekker, and Jonathan B. Hopkins. "Combining cross-pivot flexures to generate improved kinematically equivalent flexure systems." Precision Engineering 72 (November 2021): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2021.05.001.

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10

Henein, S. "Short Communication: Flexure delicacies." Mechanical Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 13, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-3-1-2012.

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Abstract. Flexures are nowadays enjoying a new boom in numerous high-precision and extreme-environment applications. The paper presents some delicate issues concerning stiffness compensation, large reduction ratios, as well as rectilinear and circular movements in compliant mechanisms. Novel concrete technical solutions to these well-known issues are described, giving a glimpse into the vast and still largely unexploited potential of flexure mechanisms manufactured by wire-electrical-discharge machining.

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11

Morris, Mackenzie C., and Ian M. Paquette. "Splenic flexure mobilization." ASVIDE 6 (February 2019): 030. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/asvide.2019.030.

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12

Manaker, David M., Donald L. Turcotte, and Louise H. Kellogg. "Flexure with damage." Geophysical Journal International 166, no. 3 (September 2006): 1368–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2006.03067.x.

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13

MacIsaac, Daniel L., and Michael Nordstrand. "Wall flexure correction." Physics Teacher 39, no. 6 (September 2001): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1407117.

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14

Lin, Rongzhou, Xianmin Zhang, Xuejun Long, and Sergej Fatikow. "Hybrid flexure hinges." Review of Scientific Instruments 84, no. 8 (August 2013): 085004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4818522.

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15

Rung, D. C., and S. A. Obaid. "Combinatorics and flexure." ZAMP Zeitschrift f�r angewandte Mathematik und Physik 36, no. 3 (May 1985): 443–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00944635.

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16

Goldberg, Joe B. "Corneal lens flexure." International Contact Lens Clinic 17, no. 9-10 (September 1990): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-8967(90)90065-n.

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17

Smith, Stuart T., Vivek G. Badami, Jami S. Dale, and Ying Xu. "Elliptical flexure hinges." Review of Scientific Instruments 68, no. 3 (March 1997): 1474–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147635.

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18

Naraynsingh, V., and G. C. Raju. "Splenic flexure volvulus." Postgraduate Medical Journal 61, no. 721 (November 1, 1985): 1007–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.61.721.1007.

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19

Jones, O., V. Srivastava, and R. Cochrane. "Splenic flexure volvulus." Case Reports 2010, feb02 1 (January 13, 2010): bcr1020092357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr.10.2009.2357.

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20

ZHAO, Shanshan. "New Large-deflection Flexure Pivot Based on Curved Flexure Element." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 45, no. 04 (2009): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2009.04.008.

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21

Z. A. Siddiqi, M. M. Kaleem, M. Jawad, A. Ajwad, and M. Usman. "Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Normal & Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete." Scientific Inquiry and Review 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/sir/21/020105.

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Concrete is the most commonly used construction material in the world. However, normal weight concrete shows less resistance to flexure. This research dealt with the technique to improve material efficiency in flexure as well as in compression, using polypropylene fibers. Different samples of concrete were prepared containing different dosages of polypropylene fibers (0.1%, 0.2%, 1% and 2% of the total concrete volume). The samples were then tested in compression and flexure, after 7, 14 and 28 days. The experimental investigation showed that the fibers increase the flexural strength of concrete in elastic range, when used in a specific limit. Maximum efficiency from the material was obtained at 0.2% dosage of fibers. Below and above this percentage the flexural and compressive strengths start decreasing. The experimental results also confirmed that with the gradual increase in polypropylene content the water absorption of concrete increases.

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22

Luo, Hong Ping, Zhi Xiong Zhou, Yong Jun Zhang, and Zhong Ning Guo. "Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (Wire EDM) Cutting of Flexures for a Rotary Flexural Bearing Fabrication." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 1727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1727.

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Wire electrical discharge machining (Wire EDM) cutting of flexures for a rotary flexural bearing fabrication is developed. The results of FEA calculation and theoretical analysis show that one of the main factors affecting flexures’ machining is the weak torsional stiffness of the bearing cage, thus excessive deflections due to machining stress, heat generation and spark-induced vibrations may occur. To minimize flexure deflection during the machining process, a specially designed fixture is utilized. Other technical measures, including residual stress relief before and after Wire EDM cutting, reasonable cutting sequence planning, multiple-cutting (i.e., rough cut followed by several trim cuts) etc., are also adopted for cutting. Dimensional accuracy of ±5µm was obtained over the 150µm thickness for the bearing flexures, a variation of less than 3µm was achieved for the flexures of opposing sides, and surface roughness of better than Ra 0.3μm was obtained for the flexures of the entire bearing cage. These results show the validity of measures aforementioned.

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23

Yang, Qiao-chu, Qin Zhang, Su-su Gong, and San-ya Li. "Study on the flexure performance of fine concrete sheets reinforced with textile and short fiber composites." MATEC Web of Conferences 275 (2019): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927502006.

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In order to study the influences of the contents of short fiber on the mechanical properties of concrete matrix, the properties of compressive, flexure and splitting of concrete matrix reinforced by alkali resistant glass fiber and calcium carbonate whisker were tested. To study the reinforced effect of different scale fibers on the flexure behavior of fine concrete sheets, the flexural tests of concrete sheet of fine concrete reinforced with basalt fiber mesh and short fiber composites were carried out. The results show that the properties of the compressive, flexure and splitting of fine concrete reinforced with appropriate amount of alkali resistant glass fiber and carbonate whisker are improved compared with that of concrete reinforced by one type of fiber. The flexure properties of the concrete sheets are improved obviously when continuous fiber textile and short fiber composite are adopted to reinforce.

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24

Srinath, J., G. Sudarshan Rao, G. Nagamalleswara Rao, Joji J. Chaman, P. Ramesh Narayanan, S. C. Sharma, and Koshy M. George. "Characterization of the Electrical Discharge Machined M300 Maraging Steel Flexures Using Nanoindentation." Materials Science Forum 830-831 (September 2015): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.830-831.395.

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Gyroscope is an orientation determining sensor whose performance is mainly dependant on one of the critical element called the gimbal flexure. Thinner the flexure, better is the performance. To have sufficient strength, M300 maraging steel is used to fabricate the thin flexures machined by Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) process down to the required thickness of 0.05 mm in various stages. After the EDM processing, the recast layer formed can cause degradation in the microstructure and mechanical properties. Micro-abrasive machining was carried out to remove the recast layer. An attempt was made to understand the changes that occurred after EDM and after micro-abrasive machining with respect to the microstructure using optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and with respect to mechanical properties using nanoindentation. Nanoindentation technique was adopted as the recast layer was just few microns thick. Indentations were carried out on the base material, as EDM cut flexure, and the micro-abrasive machined EDM cut flexure to obtain elastic modulus and hardness values for each condition and the results were analyzed.

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25

Ahmad, Shuaib H., Abdullah Bin Najm, and Antonio Naani. "Flexural Behavior of near Surface Mounted CFRP Bars Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1702–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1702.

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In recent decades, use of fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) materials has become very popular for strengthening / re-strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This includes flexural and shear strengthening of RC structural members such as slabs, beams and columns.In this study, a computerized analytical model is presented to predict the load-deflection response of flexure critical RC beams externally strengthened with near surface mounted (NSM) CFRP laminates. The analyical model utilizes constitutive material properties of concrete, reinforcing steel, CFRP laminate materials, strain compatibility, sectional analysis to develop moment-curvature relationships, which then are used to generate the load-rotations and load-deflection of the flexure critical RC Beams strengthend with NSM CFRP laminates. For validation of the analytical model, the predictions of the analytical model are compared with the experimental results of flexure critical RC beams strengthened with NSM CFRP laminates and the comparisons are judged to be good.As a part of the experimental investigation of this study, a series of 18 full scale beams Reinforced Concrete Beams strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates will be tested in flexure and shear. The results of flexural tests will be analyzed and compared with the predictions of the analytical model.

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26

Okafor, Chinedum Vincent. "Finite Element Analysis of a Ribbed Roofing Panel under Static Flexure." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 6 (June 25, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.6.648.

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This study focuses on analyzing the response of a typical ribbed aluminum panel under flexure. A three dimensional finite element model was developed to stimulate the static flexure behavior. The model is a 2.0m (length) x 1.0m (width) x 0.005m (Thickness) with a rib height of 0.038m, crest width of 0.019m and pan distance at 0.055m between intermediate ribs. The load deflection response of the aluminum panel under different flexural loading condition was stimulated. The linear material properties, displacement, stress and strain captured were discussed under static conditions. From the result obtained, the maximum uniformly distributed load carrying capacity of the ribbed aluminum roofing panel under flexure, considering the linear material properties is 665N.

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27

Okafor, Chinedum Vincent. "Finite Element Analysis of a Ribbed Roofing Panel under Static Flexure." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 6 (June 25, 2018): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.6.648.

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This study focuses on analyzing the response of a typical ribbed aluminum panel under flexure. A three dimensional finite element model was developed to stimulate the static flexure behavior. The model is a 2.0m (length) x 1.0m (width) x 0.005m (Thickness) with a rib height of 0.038m, crest width of 0.019m and pan distance at 0.055m between intermediate ribs. The load deflection response of the aluminum panel under different flexural loading condition was stimulated. The linear material properties, displacement, stress and strain captured were discussed under static conditions. From the result obtained, the maximum uniformly distributed load carrying capacity of the ribbed aluminum roofing panel under flexure, considering the linear material properties is 665N.

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28

Kim, Seon-Jae, and Youn-Sik Park. "Self-motion utilization for reducing vibration of a structurally flexible redundant robot manipulator system." Robotica 16, no. 6 (November 1998): 669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574798000770.

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This paper focuses on overcoming the problem of tracking control in structurally flexible redundant manipulators by utilizing their self-motion capabilities. In the proposed algorithm, the self-motion is evaluated in order to nullify the dominant modal force of flexural motion that is induced by a rigid body motion.The flexure motions of manipulators, which are induced by joint motion, cause undesired inaccuracy in end-effector tracking. In-plath planning states, joint trajectories are so designed as not to excite but to damp out the flexure motions. The self-motion, inherent in redundant manipulators, can alter joint motion, influencing the flexure motion (by exciting and damping the flexure modes), while not affecting end-effector motion at all. Therefore, the self-motion can be utilized to regulate flexibility and effectively reduce the end-effector tracking error.The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed algorithm have been demonstrated through numerical simulation with three-link planar robotic manipulators possessing flexible links.

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29

Sawant, M. M., and P. R. Anerao. "Investigation of Circular Flexural Hinge Used in Compliant Mechanism Using FEA Tool." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijets.5.2016.1.5.1044.

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To reduce fatigue failure of compliant mechanism, it is necessary to design and analyze the flexure hinge parametrically. A methodology to design a flexural hinges for compliant mechanism is proposed in this paper to improve fatigue life. Results obtained by finite element analysis shows that used design equations are reliable and easier to be used in the design of such proportion flexural hinges. The proposed analytical model gives a new viewpoint on the design of circular flexure hinge based compliant mechanisms. Circular flexural joint was manufactured by using Al 6061 T6 material and experimental setup is developed to test this flexural hinge. Results obtained by FEA were found to be in good correlation with experimental results. The variation in the results can be attributed to variation in properties of material, actual dimensions of setup etc.

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30

Hanggara, ST., MT, Ikrar. "PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH BUBUT BESI PADA BETON SERAT DITINJAU DARI KUAT TEKAN DAN KUAT LENTUR." PROKONS Jurusan Teknik Sipil 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/prokons.v13i2.194.

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The practice of steel lathing by students of Mechanical Engineering State Polytechnic of Malang produces an abundant amount of steel fiber waste. In this research steel fiber was utilized to substitute coarse aggregate in fiber concrete mixture. The purpose of this research is to find out the compressive and flexure strengths of fiber concrete carried out at Material Laboratory Civil Engineering Politeknik Negeri Malang, and to estimate the cost. The required data were of the results of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate tests, and physical cutting of steel lathing waste. Mix design concrete referred to SNI 03-2834-2000. Compressive strength test used 54 cylindrical specimens of Ø15 x 30cm varied at 0%, 5%, and 10% substitutions. Tests were carried out on concrete aged 7, 14, and 28 days. The flexural strength test used 6 beam specimens of 15 x 15 x 60cm varied at 0%, 5%, and 10% substitution. Tests were carried out on 28 days of concrete. The experiment resulted in 39.01 Mpa compressive strength at 0% variation; 24.54 Mpa compressive strength at 5% variation; 21.80 Mpa compressive strength at 10% variation; in 3.87 Mpa flexure strength at 0% substitution; 4.27 Mpa flexure strength at 5% substitution; 4.07 Mpa flexure strength at 10% substitution. The greatest result of flexure strength test occured at 5% variation; at Rp.940,276/m3 at 0% variation and at Rp.938,719/m3 at 5% variation or 0.2 % decrease. Key word : Steel lathe waste, compressive strength, flexure strength

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31

Giraud, Frederic H., Mustafa Mete, and Jamie Paik. "Flexure Variable Stiffness Actuators." Advanced Intelligent Systems 4, no. 7 (July 2022): 2270030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202270030.

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32

Okus, Ahmet, Mustafa Capraz, and Cansu Karakas. "Primary splenic flexure volvulus." Turkish Journal of Surgery 26, no. 4 (2010): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5097/1300-0705.ucd.374-10.03.

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33

Marotta, A. M., and F. Mongelli. "Flexure of subducted slabs." Geophysical Journal International 132, no. 3 (March 1998): 701–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.1998.00489.x.

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34

Chen, Zhong, Guisheng Chen, and Xianmin Zhang. "Damped leaf flexure hinge." Review of Scientific Instruments 86, no. 5 (May 2015): 055002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4920992.

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35

Johnson, Catherine L., and David T. Sandwell. "Lithospheric flexure on Venus." Geophysical Journal International 119, no. 2 (November 1994): 627–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1994.tb00146.x.

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36

Boysel, Robert M., and Jeffrey B. Sampsell. "Digital flexure beam accelerometer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 97, no. 2 (February 1995): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.412142.

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37

McNutt, Marcia. "Flexure reveals great depth." Nature 343, no. 6259 (February 1990): 596–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/343596a0.

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38

Obaid, S. A. "Complex variables and flexure." ZAMP Zeitschrift f�r angewandte Mathematik und Physik 42, no. 5 (September 1991): 715–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00944768.

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39

Krishna Murty, A. V. "Flexure of composite plates." Composite Structures 7, no. 3 (January 1987): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8223(87)90027-4.

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40

MacDonald, ER, AA Renwick, and RG Molloy. "Laparoscopic hepatic flexure mobilisation." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 94, no. 5 (May 2012): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2012.94.5.360a.

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41

Imran, Muhammad, Nasir Shafiq, and Ibrisam Akbar. "Strengthening Schemes for Flexure and Torsion Using FRP Laminates: A State of Art Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.511.

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RC beams as a structural member contain a variety of non-uniform loads. These non-uniform loads caused combined effects of flexure and torsion. There are numerous studies available, that suggests different strengthening schemes using FRP laminates, as a solution for flexure and torsion deficient beams. Most of the experimental studies suggested individual strengthening schemes for flexure or torsional deficiency RC beams. However, the combined effects were not studied due to difference in experimental setup, testing procedure and specimen detailing. Therefore, the outcome of previous studies was needed to combine together to facilitate the strengthening process as a guideline case of such deficiency. Therefore, a combined review is presented by suggesting different configuration for flexure and torsion deficient RC beams. Most of the studies suggested that the application of FRP laminates at the soffit of beam is suitable for flexural strengthening. The application of U-shape or full wrap are suitable for strengthen torsion deficient beams. Similarly, 45° wraps are more effective than 90°wraps for improving ductility of torsion deficient beams.

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42

Hu, Chen, Long Quan Shao, Lin Lin Wang, Shan Yu Zhou, and Jun Ai. "Flexure Strength and Elastic Modulus of Four Types of Dental Fiber Posts." Key Engineering Materials 519 (July 2012): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.519.269.

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Objective. To investigate the flexure strengths and elastic modulus of four types of dental fiber posts. Methods. The flexure strengths of ParaPost Taper Lux, Tenax Fiber White, Luxa Post and Rebilda Post fiber post were measured. The rupture modes were analyzed with SEM. Results. There was no significant difference between ParaPost Taper Lux (591.47±35.15MPa) and Rebilda Post (614.67±58.36MPa) in flexure strength (P>0.05), and Tenax Fiber White (846.62±71.15MPa) had significantly higher flexure strength than the other groups. There was no significant difference between Tenax Fiber White (23.93±2.14GPa) and Luxa Post (22.67±1.39GPa) in elastic modulus (P>0.05), and Tenax Fiber White and Luxa Post had significantly lower elastic modulus than other groups. It could be observed by transverse SEM that the combine of fiber and resin was even and compact and plenty of resin fragment adhered to the surface of fiber in Tenax Fiber White group, multitudinous cracks were observed by lengthwise SEM. Conclusion. The flexural properties and rupture modes of four kinds of dental fiber posts were significantly different.

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Ding, Bingxiao, Yangmin Li, Xiao Xiao, Yirui Tang, and Bin Li. "Design and analysis of a 3-DOF planar micromanipulation stage with large rotational displacement for micromanipulation system." Mechanical Sciences 8, no. 1 (May 23, 2017): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-8-117-2017.

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Abstract. Flexure-based mechanisms have been widely used for scanning tunneling microscopy, nanoimprint lithography, fast servo tool system and micro/nano manipulation. In this paper, a novel planar micromanipulation stage with large rotational displacement is proposed. The designed monolithic manipulator has three degrees of freedom (DOF), i.e. two translations along the X and Y axes and one rotation around Z axis. In order to get a large workspace, the lever mechanism is adopted to magnify the stroke of the piezoelectric actuators and also the leaf beam flexure is utilized due to its large rotational scope. Different from conventional pre-tightening mechanism, a modified pre-tightening mechanism, which is less harmful to the stacked actuators, is proposed in this paper. Taking the circular flexure hinges and leaf beam flexures hinges as revolute joints, the forward kinematics and inverse kinematics models of this stage are derived. The workspace of the micromanipulator is finally obtained, which is based on the derived kinematic models.

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Salem, J. A., N. N. Nemeth, L. M. Powers, and S. R. Choi. "Reliability Analysis of Uniaxially Ground Brittle Materials." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 863–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817007.

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The fast fracture strength distribution of uniaxially ground, alpha silicon carbide was investigated as a function of grinding angle relative to the principal stress direction in flexure. Both as-ground and ground/annealed surfaces were investigated. The resulting flexural strength distributions were used to verify reliability models and predict the strength distribution of larger plate specimens tested in biaxial flexure. Complete fractography was done on the specimens. Failures occurred from agglomerates, machining cracks, or hybrid flaws that consisted of a machining crack located at a processing agglomerate. Annealing eliminated failures due to machining damage. Reliability analyses were performed using two and three-parameter Weibull and Batdorf methodologies. The Weibull size effect was demonstrated for machining flaws. Mixed mode reliability models reasonably predicted the strength distributions of uniaxial flexure and biaxial plate specimens.

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Schotborgh, Wouter O., Frans G. M. Kokkeler, Hans Tragter, and Fred J. A. M. van Houten. "Dimensionless design graphs for flexure elements and a comparison between three flexure elements." Precision Engineering 29, no. 1 (January 2005): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2004.04.003.

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Galishnikova, Vera V., Alireza Heidari, Paschal C. Chiadighikaobi, Adegoke Adedapo Muritala, and Dafe Aniekan Emiri. "Ductility and flexure of lightweight expanded clay basalt fiber reinforced concrete slab." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 17, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2021-17-1-74-81.

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Relevance. The load on a reinforced concrete slab with high strength lightweight aggregate concrete leads to increased brittleness and contributes to large deflection or flexure of slabs. The addition of fibers to the concrete mix can improve its mechanical properties including flexure, deformation, toughness, ductility, and cracks. The aims of this work are to investigate the flexure and ductility of lightweight expanded clay concrete slabs reinforced with basalt fiber polymers, and to check the effects of basalt fiber mesh on the ductility and flexure. Methods. The ductility and flexural/deflection tests were done on nine engineered cementitious composite (expanded clay concrete) slabs with dimensions length 1500 mm, width 500 mm, thickness 65 mm. These nine slabs are divided in three reinforcement methods types: three lightweight expanded clay concrete slab reinforced with basalt rebars 10 mm (first slab type); three lightweight expanded clay concrete slab reinforced with basalt rebars 10 mm plus dispersed chopped basalt fiber plus basalt fiber polymer (mesh) of cells 2525 mm (second slab type); three lightweight expanded clay concrete slab reinforced with basalt rebars 10 mm plus dispersed basalt fiber of length 20 mm, diameter 15 m (third slab type). The results obtained showed physical deflection of the three types of slab with cracks. The maximum flexural load for first slab type is 16.2 KN with 8,075 mm deflection, second slab type is 24.7 KN with 17,26 mm deflection and third slab type 3 is 32 KN with 15,29 mm deflection. The ductility of the concrete slab improved with the addition of dispersed chopped basalt fiber and basalt mesh.

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Zheng, Wan Hu, Li Juan Li, and Feng Liu. "The Compressive and Flexural Deformation of Rubberized Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 1788–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1788.

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The deformation of rubberized concrete under uniaxial compression and three-point flexure is studied in this paper by test, and the load-deflection curves and load-strain curves under three-point flexure are obtained. Three rubberized concrete, with 5%, 10% and 15% rubber contents, were tested. The test results show that rubber powder influences the compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete. The greater of the rubber dosage, the greater of the strength decreasing of concrete. The decline of compressive strength is greater than flexural strength, the ratio of flexural strength to compressive strength of rubberized concrete is 1.08, 1.16, 1.26 times of the normal concrete for three different rubber contents respectively. And the ultimate tensile strain of rubberized concrete is 1.62, 2.25, 2.80 times of the normal concrete respectively. The addition of rubber improved the toughness and deformation ability of the normal concrete.

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Liang, JingJing, Rui Qin Li, Shao Ping Bai, Qing Li, and Shu Hua Kang. "Compliance and Fatigue Life Analysis of U-shaped Flexure Hinge." Mechanics 25, no. 6 (December 4, 2019): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.25.6.22686.

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This paper establishes four models of U-shaped flexure hinges with different notch shapes and structure parameters, and presents the close-form compliance equations for the four structure types of U-shaped flexure hinges. The compliance of the flexure hinges is developed based on the Castiglione’s second theorem and calculus theory. A relationship between compliances and structure parameters is deduced using the models. The influences of the notch structure parameters on the compliance of the flexure hinges are investigated. Moreover, fatigue life of U-shaped flexure hinges is studied by finite element analysis, the results show that the fatigue life of flexure hinge increases gradually with the increasing of flexure hinge center thickness t and hinge notch width m. With the increasing of the major axis of the ellipse a and semi minor axis of the ellipse b, the fatigue life of flexure hinge fluctuates locally, the general trend is a gradual decrease. The stress and fatigue life of U-shaped flexure hinges and arc flexure hinge are compared. The results show that the reliability of U-shaped flexure hinge is higher than that of circular arc flexure hinge.

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Islam, Md Toihidul, and Vivek Bindiganavile. "Stress rate sensitivity of Paskapoo sandstone under flexure." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 39, no. 11 (November 2012): 1184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l2012-101.

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This paper evaluates the dynamic flexural response of sandstone from the Paskapoo formation in Alberta. Sandstone prisms were subjected to quasi-static flexure as per ASTM while a drop-weight impact tester was employed to generate stress rates up to 108 kPa/s. Companion testing under quasi-static compression on sandstone cylinders helped establish baseline properties including the compressive strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson’s ratio. It was found that the flexural strength and fracture toughness of Paskapoo sandstone obey stress rate sensitive models developed originally for concrete. However, the fracture toughness was more stress rate sensitive than its flexural strength.

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Yoshida, H., T. Ogasa, and M. Uemura. "Local Stress Distribution in the Vicinity of Loading Points in Flexural Test of Orthotropic Beams." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 113, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905905.

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The two-dimensional stress distributions in orthotopic composite beam under 4-point flexure are analyzed by replacing the concentrated load by distributing pressure in the vicinity of loading nose and by expanding the stress function for compatability equation in terms of Fourier series. The validity of analytical results is verified experimentally by using the photoelastic film-coating technique on unidirectional reinforced plastics. It is shown that the local stress distributions around the loading points are complicated and are very different from those predicted by elementary beam theory; and hence, the reliability of flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength defined by elementary beam theory are in question. It is suggested that the 4-point flexure is reasonable and recommendable as a standard testing method compared with the 3-point flexural one.

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