Dissertations / Theses: 'Flextime – Europe – Case studies'

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CHATZIDIMITRIOU, EVANGELIA. "Alien Invasive Species in Europe: Three Case Studies." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427137.

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The incidental introduction of alien phytophagous insects and mites has become quite a common event in the world owing to intensive commercial exchanges of plants and goods and ever-increasing tourist traffic. There is evidence that this phenomenon is increasing, in spite of the control measures of the EU phytosanitary system in order to minimize unintentional introductions. The introduction of an alien species in a new ecosystem and the interaction between an alien species and the autochthonous species usually has many disadvantages. The alien species can dominate the invaded ecosystems and eventually become an invasive species due also to the absence or paucity of natural enemies. These invasions can affect the native species that become less common or threatened with extinction. Apart from the environmental impacts alien species are known for their economic and health impacts. In this study were investigated mostly 3 recently introduced alien species in Italy, namely Tuberocephalus (Trichosiphoniella) tianmushanensis Zang (Hemiptera Aphididae), Cydalima perspectalis (=Glyphodes) (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera Crambideae), the box caterpillar and Phenacoccus defectus Ferris (Rhynchota Pseudococcidae). The first chapter is a background of invasive ecology and presents with graphs the high number of alien species introduced in Europe the last years.. The second chapter is dealing with Tuberocephalus (Trichosiphoniella) tianmushanensis Zang, an Asiatic heteroecious species so far not recorded in Italy. This species was collected in the University Botanical Garden of Padova in spring 2012. On May 30, 2012 reddish-pink galls, with aphids inside, were observed on the leaves of two Prunus subhirtella cv. pendula trees (Rosaceae) (Weeping Higan Cherry), about 40 years old. Once mounted on slides the aphids were identified as Tuberocephalus (Trichosiphoniella) tianmushanensis Zang. The purposes of this study were to collect data on species distribution over the territory, by monitoring ornamental cherry trees in the Veneto region, to observe the phenology and biology of the Asiatic aphid, to study the life-cycle in screen houses and outdoors, to verify if its secondary host plant was an Artemisia sp., as reported in bibliography. Another aspect of the work was to provide an overview of the species belonging to the genus Tuberocephalus so far described, by consulting the available literature. It was made an effort to gather all the currently available information for each species, its distribution and information on their biology mainly regarding the first and secondary host plants. Results showed that Tuberocephalus (T.) tianmushanensis, is now considered acclimatized in our environment. The aphid is closely related to the presence of its primary host Prunus subhirtella v. pendula with pink flowers. The aphid can carry on two generations on Prunus and can induce two types of leaf galls. The gall A is induced by the fundatrix, while the gall B is induced by the fundatrigeniae. The trial of colonization on Artemisia vulgaris, failed for the second successive year so possibly Artemisia vulgaris is not the secondary host plant of the aphid, as reported in literature. The third chapter concers Cydalima perspectalis (Lepidoptera, Crambiidae) (Walker, 1859), an asiatic pest of Buxus. It was reported for the first time in Europe in Germany in 2007. In Italy it was detected in 2011, in Lombardy, Como province. In a very short time it invaded the other northern regions and was recorded in Veneto in 2012. The larvae feed on leaves and shoots of the box trees and the infestations lead to defoliation of the plants. The objective of this study was to investigate the phenology of C. perspectalis. More precisely we examined the biological cycle of life, the number of molts and the overwintering stage. In addition host plants were monitored by regular samplings, from late winter to late fall to collect data on species distribution over the territory. The life-cycle was studied in screen houses and in the field, to investigate the role of potential predators and parasitoids. Additionally experiments were conducted with pheromones traps with the purpose of checking, monitoring and collecting data on species distribution over the territory, finding any possible differences based on climate, checking the potential differences between types of traps. According to the results of 2014 and 2015 in the Veneto Region C. perspectalis develops three generations / year. In 2014 the overwintering larvae started their activity early in February until mid-April while in 2015 one month later until end of April probably due to different climate conditions between these years. C. perspectalis overwinters in a silk cocoon in-between the leaves as a larva of 2nd instar and the number of larval instar is 5. The number of captures from the sex pheromones traps was low. No differences were observed between the two types of pheromones. C. perspectalis has spread quickly in our environment proving that it has acclimatized. So far, it seems there has been no adaptation by indigenous natural enemies (parasitoids) to C. persectalis. The next chapter is focued on the difficulty to separate the Phenacoccus solani Ferris and P. defectus Ferris (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). They are morphologically similar and the microscopic morphological characters of the adult female alone are not enough. In order to resolve their identity, a canonical variates morphological analysis of 199 specimens from different geographical origins and host plants and a molecular analysis of the CO1 and 28S genes were performed. The morphological analysis supported synonymy of the two species, as although the type specimens of the "species" are widely separated from each other in the canonical variates plot, they are all part of a continuous range of variation. The molecular analysis showed that P. solani and P. defectus are grouped in the same clade. On the basis of the morphological and molecular analyses, P. defectus is synonymized under the senior name P. solani, syn. n. Finally a zoogeographic analysis of the Greek scale insects fauna (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) was carried out with the aim to highlight how many alien scale insects species are so far present in the Greek territory. According to the last data, the scale insect fauna of whole Greek territory comprehends 207 species; a total of 187 species are recorded in mainland Greece and minor islands, whereas only 87 scale species are known so far in the island of Crete. The most numerous families are the Diaspididae, with 86 species in total, followed by Coccidae, with 35 species and by Pseudococcidae, with 34 species. The results of a first zoogeographical analysis of scale insect fauna of mainland Greece and the island of Crete is also presented. Five scale species, respectively four in mainland Greece and one in Crete, are considered as endemic. This analysis demonstrated that alien scale insects, introduced and acclimatized a long time ago or recent invaders, make up 30% of the Greek scale insects fauna.
Tra le specie di Phenacoccus neartiche, P. defectus Ferris, P. solani Ferris è P. solenopsis Tinsley condividono l’insolito carattere morfologico dell’assenza di pori pentaoculari è sono morfologicamente simili da rendere difficile l’ identificazione. Il problema della loro identificazione è stato evidenziato da diversi autori (McKenzie, 1967; Williams & Granara de Willink, 1992; Culik & Gullan, 2005; Pellizzari & Porcelli, 2013), benché sia generalmente riconosciuto che P. solenopsis possieda un maggior numero di pori multiloculari e un circulus di maggiori dimensioni rispetto alle altre due specie; inoltre quest’ultima è una specie bisessuale mentre le altre due si riproducono per partenogenesi. Le tre specie di cocciniglie condividono diverse piante ospite. In accordo con Hodgson et al. (2008) ci sono elementi che supportano l’ipotesi che si tratti di varianti di una singola specie. Per definire meglio il loro status tassonomico, abbiamo amplificato mediante PCR e sequenziato il frammento di DNA ‘barcode’ di P. solani, P. solenopsis, e P. defectus.

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Farahmand, Hossein. "Integrated Power System Balancing in Northern Europe - Models and Case Studies." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16864.

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Maintaining a continuous balance between generation and load is crucial for the safeguarding of the power systems. In order to effectively deal with the various uncertainties that contribute to the real-time imbalance in liberalised power systems, Transmission System Operators (TSOs) procure and employ the so-called balancing services through balancing markets. In Europe, though such mechanisms are well in place at the national level, the potential of multinational balancing markets has not been fully exploited (with the exception of the Nordic system and various pilot projects). This thesis analyses the potential for integrating the balancing power markets in northern Europe, including the Nordic system, Germany and the Netherlands. It addresses the twin issues of the procurement and employment of cross-border balancing services by using mathematical models. Beginning with an outline of the role of balancing markets in Europe, an overview of existing balancing markets in the northern European system is presented. A discussion on the cross-border balancing arrangements is then carried out, paving the way for quantitative analysis. A quantitative analyses of the multinational balancing markets are carried out, both in terms of attainable socio-economic cost savings, and their effect on the exchange of regional balancing services and generation dispatch. In this respect, two cases of balancing market integration are analysed: the current state with separate balancing markets, and the anticipated state of full integration of these markets. In the proposed modelling approach a two-step model is used, representing the day-ahead and balancing markets, respectively. First, the day-ahead market is modelled as a common market for the whole European continent. Simultaneously, reserve procurement for northern Europe is modelled. Available transmission capacity is allocated implicitly to the balancing services exchange, based on the trade-off between day-ahead energy and balancing capacity exchange. Next, the balancing energy market is modelled as a real-time power dispatch on the basis of the day-ahead market clearing results and simulated imbalances. Detailed results illustrate the consequences of market integration between two synchronous areas on procured and activated reserves, dispatch of generators, and power flows. The profitability of balancing market integration is quantified by the observed cost savings obtained due to the use of cheaper balancing resources and less activation of reserves caused by imbalance netting. The implementation of cross-border balancing entails both qualitative and quantitative analyses of different balancing exchange scenarios. This thesis focuses on the qualitative studies of cross-border balancing arrangements together with the quantitative analysis of cross-border balancing. The methodology developed in the thesis enables the study of the benefits of integrating the northern European balancing markets, and the resulting exchange of balancing services among the Nordic countries, Germany and the Netherlands. The multinational balancing market can be adapted to capture the effect of different market integration scenarios. The presented modelling approach includes a flow-based market model, which takes into account physical power flows and loop flows, especially suitable for the European systems with highly meshed transmission grids. A four tiered sequential approach is used to organize the primary contributions of the research work, as highlighted by the four distinct publications arising out of it. Tier 1: An optimal methodology for reserve activation in the Nordic system is established. Tier 2: Using the first tier as the basis, a cross-border reserves procurement algorithm is proposed for an integrated European system. Superimposing Tier 2 on Tier 1 results in a bottom-up approach of capturing the full spectrum of reserve procurement and activation for integrated balancing markets. Tier 3: The profitability of balancing market integration is brought forward through both weekly and yearly analysis on the basis of mathematical models developed in Tier 1 and 2. Tier 4: It is shown that the flexibility concerns warranted by penetration of renewable energy resources can be well addressed by using the developed framework of cross-border balancing market integration. A case study of a future power system (in 2030) with wind energy penetration has been employed in this regard. The results include the optimal distribution of balancing reserve capacity allocations for procurement among the constituent countries, and the optimal exchange of balancing energy that ensues upon activating these capacity reserves. An annual analysis of the post-integration scenario results demonstrates the significant cost savings that are achievable under the framework of multinational balancing markets. The results also demonstrate the potential for increased production flexibility, in light of increased wind energy penetration in the future operation of power systems through the mechanism of multinational balancing markets.

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Carstens, T. H. M. "Aspekte van nasionale en kulturele identiteit van 'n verenigende Europa sedert 1958 : enkele gevallestudies." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53294.

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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In a globalizing world it follows that the identity of individuals will come under scrutiny as borders between states fade. It is exactly for this reason that so many people feel uncomfortable within themselves and become involved in a desperate search for new terms of reference and value systems. By virtue of this, history is utilized to explore the problem by tracing circumstances on a continent where the issue is currently very topical. Certain facets of Europe, which was the axis of the catastrophic Second World War but simultaneously the cradle of an Eurocentrism which has evolved gradually over centuries, is carefully scrutinized in order to determine what tendencies are becoming noticeable. This investigation cannot ignore the demise of the Soviet Empire and the burgeoning nation states of Eastern Europe since it represents an important divide in the European history of the twentieth century. A unifying Europe is embodied in various institutions which have sprung up since the Second World War, partially due to efforts of Europeans to organise themselves or alternatively, as a consequence of the Atlantic allies' attempts to present a united front to Soviet Russia. With the demise of the Soviet Republic in 1989, the concept underwent a further change when the Eastern European countries joined the institutional structures of a unifying nature such as the Council of Europe. It is exactly because of this that the identity issue came to the fore. The only realistic and pragmatic yardstick to measure national and cultural identity within the defined period is by employing the sovereignty of the nation state. Concurrently with this yardstick is the realisation that the protection or loss of sovereignty occurs within the upper constitutional or political levels where the public is seldom involved, but ultimately as a consequence affected. This reflects a democratic deficit. Seen from the angle of the early protagonists of Eurocentrism as well as the USA, there were conflicting views on the protection or loss of sovereignty, but an admission that greater unity could lead to the loss of some sovereignty. Britain, without publicly acknowledging it, had indeed surrendered some of its sovereignty during the 1970's when it became a member of the European Economic Community, by subjecting itself to the ruling that European Union legislation would be superior to that of Britain in the event of a conflict. Britain had thus, with regard to national and cultural identity, already proceeded to a new relationship. This new relationship was reinforced by Britain's under-writing of the principle of subsidiarity which ultimately promotes a dual identity of being British and European. The same tendency was noticeable in the institutional arrangements and programmes of the Council of Europe and the European Union. On investigating the viewpoints and role which Belgium, as one of the founder members of the European Economic Community, and simultaneously a small nation, this tendency also becomes very apparent, but possibly with greater emphasis of the regional role as a result of strong identity forming influences. In conclusion, it is thus apparent that being a European, and British or Flemish simultaneously, is currently becoming the vogue. However, being European is currently of a consumer-goods nature. It does not embrace a vibrant European identity particularly as a consequence of the language difference which limit the Europeanisation of national and cultural identities. Attempts to resolve the problem through adages such as "unity in diversity" has not produced the expected results.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In 'n globaliserende wêreld volg dit dat die identiteit van individue onder druk sal kom omdat die grense tussen state neig om te vervaag. Dit is juis as gevolg hiervan dat soveel mense ongemaklik voel met hulself en betrokke raak by 'n desperate soeke na nuwe punte van verwysing en nuwe waardestelsels. Gedagtig hieraan word die geskiedenis ingespan om die problematiek te verken deur ondersoek in te stel na die verloop van omstandighede op 'n kontinent waar die kwessie inderdaad tans uiters aktueel is. Sekere aspekte van Europa, wat die spilpunt van die katastrofale Tweede Wêreld Oorlog was, maar terselfdertyd ook die bakermat van 'n Eurosentrisme wat geleidelik oor eeue ontluik het, word onder die vergrootglas geplaas ten einde te bepaal watter neigings te bespeur is. Hierdie ondersoek kon ook nie die val van die Sowjet-ryk en die opkomende nasiestate in Oos-Europa ignoreer nie, omdat dit 'n belangrike breuklyn in die Europese geskiedenis van die twintigste eeu verteenwoord ig. 'n Verenigende Europa word vergestalt in verskeie organisasies wat sedert die Tweede Wêreld Oorlog ontstaan het enersyds vanweë pogings van Europeërs om hulself te orden, of andersyds, vanweë pogings van die Atlantiese bondgenote om 'n verenigende front jeens Sowjet-Rusland te vorm. Met die val van die Sowjet-Republiek in 1989, het die begrip 'n verdere verandering ondergaan toe Oos-Europese lande aangesluit het by institusionele strukture van 'n verenigende aard soos die Raad van Europa. Juis as gevolg hiervan het die identiteitskwessie sterker na vore getree. Die enigste realistiese en pragmatiese norm om dit te meet binne die gegewe tydsgewrig was aan die hand van die soewereiniteit van die nasiestate. Die meting gaan egter gepaard met die wete dat soewereiniteitsbeskerming of -verlies plaasvind op hoë politieke of konstitusionele vlakke waarby die algemene publiek selde betrek, maar inderdaad as uitvloeisel, geaffekteer word. Dit lei dus tot 'n gebrekkige demokratiseringsproses. Gesien vanuit die oogpunt van die vroeër denkers van Europeanisering asook die VSA, was daar botsende menings oor die verlies of beskerming van soewereiniteit, maar 'n erkenning dat groter eenheid tog tot "n mate van soewereiniteitsverlies kon lei. Brittanje het inderdaad, sonder om dit openlik te erken, reeds met sy aansluiting in die 1970's afstand gedoen van "n gedeelte van haar soewereiniteit deur die aanvaarding van die toetredingsvoorwaarde dat, waar Britse en Europese Ekonomiese Gemeenskap wetgewing bots, laasgenoemde sou oorheers. Gedagtig hieraan, is dit dus duidelik dat wat nasionale en kulturele identiteit betref, Brittanje reeds haarself begeef het in "n nuwe verhouding. Die nuwe verhouding versterk deur Brittanje se onderskrywing van die beginsel van subsidiariteit, kom eintlik daarop neer dat "n persoon terselfdertyd Brits en Europeër kan wees. Dieselfde tendens is te bespeur in die institusionele reëlings en programme van die Raad van Europa asook die Europese Unie. Wanneer die standpunte en rol van België as een van die stigterlande van die Europese Ekonomiese Gemeenskap, maar terselfdertyd "n kleinstaat, ondersoek word, kom die verskynselook sterk na vore, moontlik egter met nog meer beklemtoning van die streeksrolle van gebiede as gevolg van sterk identiteitsvormende invloede. Ten laaste word dit dus duidelik dat "n gelyktydige Europees-wees asook Brits-wees, of Vlaams-wees, nou aan die orde van die dag begin kom. Die Europees-wees is egter nog van "n verbruikersgoedere aard. Dit omvat nog nie "n lewenskragtige Europese identiteit nie veral as gevolg van die taalverskille wat belemmerend inwerk op die Europeanisering van nasionale en kulturele identiteite. Pogings om die probleem op te los deur slagspreuke soos "eenheid in diversiteit" werp nog nie die nodige vrugte af nie.

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Weaver, Alexandra R. "Case Studies on the Implementation and Impact of Gender Quotas in European Legislative Bodies." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/227.

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This research is an examination of the impact of gender quotas in EU legislative bodies, analyzing data regarding the increase of women in national governments since quota implementation. This paper analyzes and compares the results of four case studies: France, Spain, Romania and Slovenia. The data is analyzed relative to their respective histories, cultures and political systems. The sources used for obtaining numerical data are government/EU documents, other academic work, and newspaper articles that have been published on the subject. Due to the limited scope of the research, the purpose is not to draw any definite, far-reaching conclusions about gender quotas in European Union legislatures. Rather, it is a demonstration of the knowledge acquired in conducting the research and how it may be pertinent to further research.

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Weiss, Jana. "Human exposure to persistent organic pollutants : Illustrated by four case studies in Europe." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1057.

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MATOS, Inês Ferreira Pita de Campos. "The relationship between context and health inequalities: Europe and Portugal as case studies." Doctoral thesis, Instituto de Higiene e medicina Tropical, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/50901.

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As desigualdades socioeconómicas na saúde têm sido observadas há séculos por todo o mundo. Décadas de investigação identificaram múltiplos fatores que determinam estas desigualdades, como educação ou emprego. Recentemente, o foco da investigação sobre desigualdades em saúde mudou de determinantes individuais para determinantes contextuais, como as características físicas e sociais do ambiente. No entanto, a investigação sobre os determinantes contextuais depara-se com a ausência de uma base teórica sobre como estes determinantes influenciam a saúde. Portugal, sendo um dos países Europeus mais desiguais, tanto em rendimento como em saúde, é um caso de estudo interessante para o estudo das desigualdades em saúde. Esta tese procura contribuir para a compreensão do impacto dos determinantes contextuais na saúde e na sua distribuição, utilizando Portugal e a Europa como casos de estudo. Para cumprir este objetivo, foram selecionados três determinantes contextuais – capital social, regimes de bem-estar e alterações macroeconómicas – e os seus efeitos sobre a saúde e sobre as desigualdades em saúde foram explorados. Fora utilizados dados transversais do European Social Survey para analisar a associação entre capital social e saúde auto-declarada em países Europeus entre 2002 e 2012. A mesma base de dados foi utilizada para analisar a associação entre a mobilidade social e saúde auto-declarada em seis tipos de regimes de bem-estar Europeus. Estas análises utilizaram regressões logísticas multinível. Para analisar evidência sobre desigualdades socioeconómicas na saúde em Portugal depois de 2000 foi efetuada uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Dados transversais do European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions foram utilizados para analisar alterações da desigualdade nas limitações em saúde em Portugal entre 2004 e 2014, tendo em conta as alterações macroeconómicas no País. Nesta análise, foram utilizados o índice de concentração e regressões logísticas múltiplas. O capital social contextual estava associado com pior saúde auto-declarada em indivíduos com pouca confiança interpessoal, influenciando assim a distribuição da saúde. Regimes de bem-estar Europeus estavam associados com a magnitude do impacto da mobilidade social na saúde. A revisão sistemática mostrou que o estudo dos determinantes contextuais em Portugal ainda é incomum. Alterações macroeconómicas em Portugal influenciaram a saúde e a sua distribuição na última década. Com base nestes resultados, foi delineado um quadro conceptual sobre a influência do contexto na saúde da população e na sua distribuição. O quadro conceptual distingue claramente entre um mecanismo que influencia a saúde da população e outro que influencia a sua distribuição. Este quadro pode ser utilizado como base de análises futuras para clarificar os mecanismos pelos quais o contexto influencia a saúde e as desigualdades em saúde. Pode também apoiar decisões sobre políticas que procurem influenciar a saúde da população e reduzir as desigualdades em saúde. Apesar das suas limitações, este trabalho produz evidência sobre os determinantes socioeconómicos da saúde em Portugal e sobre o impacto que o contexto pode ter nestes determinantes e nas desigualdades em saúde. O quadro conceptual proposto poderá avançar o debate sobre a influência do contexto na saúde e na sua distribuição.
Socioeconomic inequalities in health have been observed for centuries throughout the world. Decades of research have identified multiple factors that determine these inequalities, such as education or employment. More recently, the focus of research in health inequalities shifted from individual to contextual determinants, such as physical and social characteristics of the environment. However, research on contextual determinants has been undermined by the absence of a theoretical basis to explain how these determinants influence health outcomes. Portugal is an interesting case study as it is one of the most unequal European countries both in income and health inequality, with limited academic and political attention to the topic. This dissertation aims to contribute to the understanding of how contextual characteristics can impact population health and health distribution, using Portugal and Europe as case studies. To achieve its aim, this research selected three contextual determinants – social capital, welfare regimes, and macroeconomic changes – and explored their effect on health and health inequalities. Cross-sectional data from the European Social Survey was used to analyse how social capital was associated with self-assessed health in European countries between 2002 and 2012. The same database was used to analyse the association between social mobility and self-assessed health in six welfare regime types in Europe. These analyses used multilevel logistic regressions. A systematic review of the literature was done to collect and analyse evidence about socioeconomic health inequalities in Portugal after 2000. Cross-sectional data from the European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions was used to analyse how inequalities in health limitations changed in Portugal between 2004 and 2014, in light of important macroeconomic changes in the country. For this analysis, the concentration index was calculated and a multiple logistic regression model was run for each year. Contextual social capital was found to have an effect on individuals with low interpersonal trust, thus influencing health distribution. Welfare regime types were associated with the magnitude of the impact of social mobility on health. The systematic review showed that the study of contextual determinants of health inequalities is still uncommon in Portugal. Finally, important contextual changes in Portugal over the last decade seem to have influenced health and its distribution in the country. Drawing on the findings from these analyses, a conceptual framework was outlined, summarising how context influences population health and health distribution. The framework draws a clear distinction between a mechanism that leads to changes in population health, and another mechanism that leads to changes in health distribution. This framework can be used as a basis for future empirical research, helping clarify the mechanisms by which context influences health and health inequalities. It can also support policies seeking to influence population health and health inequalities. Despite its limitations, this work provides evidence on the social determinants of health in Portugal and on the impact that contextual characteristics can have on these determinants and on health inequalities. The proposed conceptual framework will hopefully further the debate on how context can influence population health and health distribution.

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Wang, Li, and Xin Xiong. "How to obtain Marketing Advantage for Corporation? : A case study of SuperMap Europe." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4523.

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This master’s thesis was carried out at SuperMap.SuparMap is a Chinese company supplying the Geographic Information System (GIS)software and service. It is leading the way in GIS research. The product of SuperMapis called SuperMap GIS applied by lots of government agencies, schools, andorganizations. SuperMap actively gets involved in the market of Japan, Korea,Singapore, Vietnam, India, Kazakhstan, and South Africa. However, in 2008, it hasentered the Sweden market and tries to involve in the whole European market.In European market, the GIS technology is relatively mature and the most marketshares have been taken by ESRI the top GIS software company. SuperMap has toimprove the strategy to make the customers turn to it from the ESRI. According to the4Ps, 4Cs and Brand management theory, SuperMap adopt a series of measures onmarketing.In this article we will analyze those measures referring to the 4Ps, 4Cs and brandmanagement theory. At the end of our thesis, we summarized our suggestions basedon our thesis analyzing.

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El-Sayed, Laila Hashem. "Discourses on emotions : communities, styles, and selves in early modern Mediterranean travel books : three case studies." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/56635/.

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The present study focuses on emotion discourses in early modern travel books. It attempts a close textual, intertextual, and contextual analysis of several embedded narratives on emotions in three late sixteenth- and seventeenth-century travel books: Kitāb Nāṣir al-Dīn 'ala 'l-Qawm al-Kāfirīn: Mukhtaṣar Riḥlat al-Shihāb 'ila Liqā´ al-Aḥbāb by Andalusian traveller Ahmed bin Qāsim al-Ḥajarī (1570- c.1641), The Diary of Master Thomas Dallam by an English craftsman, Thomas Dallam (1575-1630), and Seyahâtnâme (The Book of Travels) by Ottoman traveller Evliya Çelebi (1611-1685). In these travel books, al-Ḥajarī, Dallam, and Evliya narrate their journeys as emotionally protean experiences. They associate emotions with the contexts of their journeys, their volition to travel, and their authorial motives to write about their journeys. They display their emotions in their dreams, humour, and other subjective experiences. Their narratives yield uncommon notions of emotions, namely the emotions of encounter. A love story between a Muslim traveller and a Catholic girl, an English craftsman's anxiety at the court of an Ottoman Sultan, a disgusting meal in a foreign land, are just a few examples of emotionally freighted situations which are unlikely to be found in any genre but a travel book. The close textual analysis aims to identify the role of the writers' cultures in shaping and regulating their discourses on emotions. The intertextual and contextual analysis of these narratives reveals that the meaning and function of these displayed emotions revolve around the traveller's community affiliation, religion, ideology, and other culture-specific discourses and practices such as Sufism, folk medicine, myths, folk traditions, natural and geographical phenomena, cultural scripts, social norms, and power relations. In a nutshell, reading the travellers' discourses on emotions means reading many cultural and historical aspects of the early modern world. To approach discourses on emotions in texts of the past, the present study draws on the theory of culture-construction of emotions. It uses three analytical notions from the fields of language, anthropology and history of emotions: 'emotional communities', 'emotional styles' and 'emotional self-fashioning'. The present study uses a theoretical framework defined by a recent wave of studies on self-narratives as sources for the history and cultural diversity of emotions in the medieval and early modern periods. Within this approach, travel writing is seen as a self-narrative, a communicative act, and a social practice. This approach to emotion discourses in Riḥla, travel journals and Seyahat genres allows us to project the transcultural and entangled history of the early modern Mediterranean, which as much it was a contested frontier between Islam and Christianity, was also a space of religious conversion and hybrid identities, the articulation of diplomacy and cultural exchange, mysticism and religious pluralism. This approach also pinpoints the diverse forms of cosmopolitanism, or rather cosmopolitanisms, in the plural.

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Chae, Sun Hee. "The transfer of Korean passenger car production to East Central Europe : the case of direct investment by Daewoo Motor." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298290.

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Bright, Ryan M. "Environmental Systems Analysis of Road Transportation Based on Boreal Forest Biofuel : Case Studies and Scenarios for Nordic Europe." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15617.

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Yan, Mei Ning. "Protection of free flow of information and regulation of transfrontier television : case studies of Western Europe and China." Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243359.

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Radke, Melissa Vachudová Milada Anna. "European Union influence on violent ethnic conflict in Europe case studies of Northern Ireland, País Vasco, and FYR Macedonia /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2010. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2953.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2010.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 23, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science, Concentration TransAtlantic Studies." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.

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Hawkins, Rebecca. "The planning and management of tourism in Europe : case studies of planning, management and control in the coastal zone." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 1992. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/400/.

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This study is an investigation of aspects of tourism planning and management in Europe. In particular it is an examination within three distinct and complementary case study areas in the European coastal zone, of factors that may contribute to tourist area success. The historical development and the current problems of the tourism industry at international and national levels are discussed and the framework of European Community and national government approaches to tourism planning are analysed. Based on studies of the planning and management framework and extensive field work undertaken in Weymouth, the Algarve and Malta the thesis provides an interpretation of the mechanisms of development and control in operation at destination areas. It considers the extent to which the aims presented in the planning documentation for the area have been met in terms of visitor, resident and business success, and explores the relationships between these factors. The study concludes that, in general, the planning mechanisms and support for tourism development have been implemented only as a reaction to market failure and that resort managers are ill-equipped to deal with many of the problems that are evident in the tourism system. In particular the study highlights the importance of information and monitoring within the process of planning and control, and argues for greater emphasis on the role of residents, businesses and the quality of the environment in the tourism planning process.

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Husan, Rumy. "The Polish motor vehicle industry as a case study in Eastern Europe's transition." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c30cbb5f-b997-43e3-a6a4-fd0aaf8cb788.

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This thesis examines the impact of shock therapy on the Polish economy, and within it, on the motor vehicle industry. It is argued that shock therapy has not proved satisfactory as a theory of economic transformation. The following reasons are provided:- ● Shock therapy fails to provide an adequate explanation of the collapse of the command economy. Its emphasis on problems being largely monetary, rather than structural, is misguided, as this leads to the erroneous conclusion that with a strong monetary and fiscal shock, increases in utility will ensue, despite a fall in real income. ● The above may partially explain why shock therapy has failed to satisfactorily predict the outcome of the reform programmes. The assumption of post-reform growth rates following the path of a "J-Curve" has not been borne in reality. The forecasts of various improvements after the first year of the Balcerowicz Programme in Poland were, with the exception of exports, highly inaccurate. By the end of 1993 (after four years of reforms), only one indicator (inflation) registered an improvement over the respective pre-reform level. There was, therefore, no "delayed positive response". It is argued that the major reason for the failure of shock therapy reforms is that the theory largely neglects the significance of market failures. In particular, sufficient consideration has not been given to the problems of information gaps, absence of capital markets, structural rigidities, investment coordination and high levels of risk and uncertainty, all of which constrain the ability of agents to effectively respond to a liberalised economic regime. The role of careful government intervention - to attempt to remedy market failures - has been undervalued. Failure to take appropriate measures with respect to market failures most important in transforming economies has led to unnecessary costs. The case study on the motor vehicle industry provided evidence that shock therapy's policy for microeconomic restructuring - trade liberalisation in conjunction with privatisation and FBI - has not proved successful, with the notable, but unusual exception of FSM. The severe recession, in combination with strong important competition, led to a slump in sales, output, and underutilisation of capacity; leading productivity to decline from already very low levels. With respect to enterprise restructuring, it was found that this was either slow, or largely neglected in all the main determinants of plant productivity considered, i.e., work organisation, high tech capabilities, supplier network, and the Just-in-time system. In regard to management-labour relations, it was found that both parties viewed these as having improved. However, severe "macro" problems frequently override the purportedly better relations at the micro level, so that considerable friction remains - which occasionally spill over into major disputes that act against the restructuring process. The industry has experienced a severe contraction in capacity utilisation and employment - a fact that is very much at odds with the government's wish to preserve the bulk of the industry. It is concluded that an industrial policy for the motor sector would have been more appropriate than the policy that has hitherto been used.

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Goudie, Allison J. I. "The sovereignty of the royal portrait in revolutionary and Napoleonic Europe : five case studies surrounding Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aeecdc4b-d840-4e25-be64-ba1407e18cd2.

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This study demonstrates how royal portraiture functioned during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars as a vehicle for visualizing and processing the contemporary political upheavals. It does so by considering a notion of the 'sovereignty of the portrait', that is, the semiotic integrity (or precisely the lack thereof) and the material territory of royal portraiture at this historical juncture. Working from an assumption that the precariousness of sovereignty which delineated the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars goes hand in hand with the precariousness of representation during the same period, it reframes prevailing readings of royal portraiture in the aftermath of the French Revolution by approaching the genre less as one defined by the oneway propagation of a message, and more as a highly unstable intermedial network of representation. This theoretical undertaking is refracted through the figure of Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples (1752-1814), close sister and foil to Queen Marie- Antoinette of France, and who, as de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Naples, physically survived revolution but was twice dethroned and thrice exiled. A diverse ecology of royal portraiture revolving around Maria Carolina is presented across five case studies. Close attention to the materiality of a hyperrealistic wax bust of Maria Carolina reveals how portraiture absorbed the trauma of the French Revolution; Maria Carolina’s correspondence in invisible ink is used as a tool to read a highly distinctive visual language of 'hidden' silhouettes of sovereigns and to explore the in/visibility of exile; a novel reading of Antonio Canova's work for the Neapolitan Bourbons through the lens of contemporary caricature problematizes the binary between ancien régime and parvenue monarchy; and a unique miniature of Maria Carolina offers itself as a material metaphor for post-revolutionary sovereignty. Finally, Maria Carolina’s death mask testifies to how Maria Carolina herself became a relic of the ancien régime.

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Tkaczyk, Robert A. "Pro patria limits to military obedience and soldierly honor in modern continental Europe; case studies from Polish and German military history." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/07Mar%5FTkaczyk.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Civil-military Relations))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2007.
Thesis Advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Zachary Shore. "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-82). Also available in print.

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Angelopoulou, Maria. "Cosmopolitanism in Europe-in-crisis : the cases of the EU, Greece and Turkey." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10375.

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Adopting a critical cosmopolitan outlook the thesis identifies a constructive engagement with the European project at a time when the crisis of the Euro-zone is still threatening the very existence of the European Union. The purpose of the study is to determine whether cosmopolitanism is feasible in Europe. I argue that the EU can be conceived as a catalyst of cosmopolitanism without being cosmopolitan per se due its so far limited internal and external contexts of cosmopolitanism. In the case of the EU's limited inner cosmopolitanism, I seek cosmopolitan alternatives for the EU to overcome the crisis on the basis of an institutional and civil society analysis within the conceptual framework of cosmopolitan democracy. Instead of adopting the terminology of governance either for or by the people, my cosmopolitan approach focuses on governance with the people. The case of Greece is of utmost importance for my research as it reveals the causes and gravity of the crisis. It also broadens the empirical basis of cosmopolitan studies by embodying both the dynamics and challenges posed to cosmopolitanism which are exemplified in the paradoxes provoked; on the one hand there is aggravation of (fascist) nationalism and domination of economics on politics perhaps leading to Greece's de- Europeanisation; on the other hand the dynamics of a paradigm shift towards a post-crisis cosmopolitanism are revealed. That kind of cosmopolitanism needs to take under consideration the role of contestation and to redefine its position in the era of global capitalism for the confrontation of the crisis. In the case of the EU's limited external cosmopolitanism, my analysis of Turkey's possible impact on the EU and the reverse aims to demonstrate that Turkey's integration can contribute to the formation of a cosmopolitan, post-Western EU and post-national Turkey. What is of crucial importance for both cosmopolitan and Europeanisation studies is that the endogenous process of change within Turkey which is interlocking with the external dynamics of the EU may potentially lead to a distinctive ‘hybrid' type of cosmopolitanisation neither merely European nor simply Asian. The conclusions drawn from this multiple case study suggest that the current crisis may open new meanings for cosmopolitanism in Europe.

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Nam, Heesob. "Human rights approach in global intellectual property regime : with case studies on the US-Korea FTA and the EU-Korea FTA." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/36226.

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From its emergence to its expansion, intellectual property (IP) has not been isolated from trade. However, in the late 1970s, business interests in the United States (US) exerted powerful pressure, leading to IP norms becoming increasingly trade-centric. Hypothesis of this thesis is that such trade-centric IP norms, encouraged and formed by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), and subsequent TRIPS-plus rules pursued by the two most active actors, the US and the European Union (EU), fail to achieve the intended purposes of IP protection. This normalization of tradecentric regulation also creates conflict with a range of economic, social and cultural values that have significant human rights implications. The goal of this thesis is to: (a) critically examine this predominance of trade in contemporary IP norms; and (b) provide a counter framework for IP policy reform. It seeks to do this by juxtaposing the theoretical and empirical aspects of IP norms against human rights. This study will pursue to prove the hypothesis by conducting case studies on two free trade agreements (FTAs) enacted by South Korea with the US and the EU. The thesis concludes that, on the whole, the context of human rights provides a just counter framework that can unify the diverse range of issues. This is more so given that human rights are strengthened by international consensual norms institutionalised by intergovernmental organisations and supported by transnational advocacy networks. Nevertheless, this thesis advocates that an overemphasis on state and individuals in the human rights discourse needs to be challenged by taking into account the dominance of global economic regulations, the prevailing role of non-state actors, and the culturally relative nature of IP.

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Bucknell, Clare. "Poetic genre and economic thought in the long eighteenth century : three case studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:71e97b4d-c009-487c-8efb-fdb71eefa080.

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During the eighteenth century, the dominant rhetorical and explanatory power of civic humanism was gradually challenged by the rise of a new organising language in political economy. Political economic thought permitted radically different descriptions of what laudable private and public behaviour might be: it proposed that self-interest was often more beneficial to society at large than public-mindedness; that luxury had its uses and might not be a threat to liberty and political integrity; that landownership was no particular guarantee of virtue or disinterest; and that there was nothing inherently superior about frugality and self-sufficiency. These new ideas about civil society formed the intellectual basis of a large body of verse written during the long eighteenth century (at mid-century in particular), in which poets engaged enthusiastically with political economic arguments and defences of commercial activity, and celebrated the wealth and plenty of Britain as a modern trading nation. The work of my thesis is to examine a contradiction in the way in which these political economic ideas were handled. Forward-looking and confident poetry on public themes did not develop pioneering forms to suit the modernity of its outlook: instead, poets articulated such themes in verse by appropriating and reframing traditional genres, which in some cases involved engaging with inherited moral values and philosophical preferences entirely at odds with the intellectual material in hand. This inventive kind of generic revision is the central interest of the thesis. It aims to describe a number of problematic meeting points between new political economic thought and handed-down poetic formulae, and it will focus attention on some of the ways in which poets manipulated the forms and tropes they inherited in order to manage – and make the most of – the resulting contradictions.

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Stephens, Yonette A. "Transacting Government: A Comparative Content Analysis of the Interactive and Communicative Functions of e-Government Web sites – The Case of Africa, Asia and Europe." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1331570901.

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HELTERLIN, Gilles, and Nuno RAMALHO. "How did the deregulation of air transportation in Europe foster entrepreneurial behavior and innovation in the European airline industry over the last twenty years? : Case studies: SAS Airline & Ryanair." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1224.

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The dynamics of business contexts influence the way firms act in their industry. These changes can have effects in several areas within a company. Entrepreneurship and Innovation are two areas that are affected when a change in firm’s environment occurs, like Schumpeter, Shane and Drucker point. Changes in the deregulatory framework are a specific type of change that can occur. According to Entrepreneurship theories, the removal of regulatory barriers creates opportunities to different reallocation of resources that can lead to changes in market equilibrium. This study addresses this relation between deregulation and entrepreneurship-innovation in the European airline industry. With the removal of regulatory barriers, companies like SAS and Ryanair, saw opportunities to do something new and at the same time had to adapt to these “doing something new” behavior of other companies. Entrepreneurship and innovation were the answer to theses changes and the weapon to fight answers to others with this change. Considering this, our statement problem is the following:

How did the deregulation of air transportation in Europe foster entrepreneurial behavior and innovation in the European airline industry over the last twenty years? The case of SAS and Ryanair.

Our goal is to describe the process of deregulation and how firms reacted to it and to give explanations behind the relation deregulation-entrepreneurship, identifying the direct and indirect influence of deregulation in the studied companies. Furthermore, based on this investigation, we will trace possible ways on how future deregulation in Europe can foster further entrepreneurial behavior and innovation.

This thesis was conducted with a positivism scientific ideal and a deductive approach. We used a qualitative method to collect empirical data that could match with the theories we had chosen beforehand. We conducted three interviews with people inside the industry – from airlines (SAS Braathens and SAS) and from airports (LFV). The first two were used as main sources to SAS case study and the third to have a perspective of airline industry. Since we could not get any interview with Ryanair, Ryanair story book was used as main source for this case study.

Our theoretical framework consists of four different broad areas that are interrelated to each other. These areas and the respective theories integrated in them are: institutions and regulation, changes in context and strategic position.

Our study shows that EU deregulation altered the five competitive forces in European airline industry and in turn this fostered entrepreneurship and innovation, as a reaction of firms to adapt to the change in their context. The reaction of Ryanair and SAS through entrepreneurial and innovative behaviour was different due to the differences in their business model. We argue that the removal of barriers to new entrants and the increased rivalry between firms were the main forces that fostered entrepreneurship and innovation. We predict that if further EU deregulation comes (as it is the trend) this will generate more opportunities to entrepreneurship and innovation like it generated in the past.

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Shrestha, Shritu [Verfasser], Bernd [Gutachter] Kochendörfer, and Peter [Gutachter] Hennicke. "Comparison of energy efficient and green buildings : technological and policy aspects with case studies from Europe, the USA, India and Nepal / Shritu Shrestha ; Gutachter: Bernd Kochendörfer, Peter Hennicke." Berlin : Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1156332745/34.

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Mojsiejuk, Aleksander. "The Normative Power of the EU in the Framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy : A Case Study on Ukraine." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19323.

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Through the use of political conditionality, the EU has exercised what many have chosen to call an international normative power. The fast democratisation process of the central European countries that joined the EU in 2004 has often been attributed to the force of EU’s normative power. Here, the core of the political conditionality was found in a promised future membership – acting as a reward in exchange for democratic reforms. The new European Neighbourhood Policy however, initiated briefly after the 2004 enlargement, gave rise to new prerequisites to the Unions new neighbours and this time enlargement fatigue prevailed in the EU policy. This case study examines and assesses the ability of the EU to exercise its normative power on Ukraine through the new conditions set up by the European Neighbourhood Policy, were a membership perspective neither is promised nor ruled out. The result show that the effective conditions for the conditionality are favourable and that a good progress on the areas of democracy, rule of law and human rights has been achieved. Although difficult to prove, I argue that this progress most probably is partly due to EU’s normative power on Ukraine.

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Han, Jihee. "Social Partners’ Responses to Employment of Migrant Workers in the course of the ‘Lisbon Strategy’ and the ‘Europe 2020’ : Has there been any change in the social partners’ responses from the Lisbon to the EU2020? The case studies in Sweden, the UK and at European level." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-196129.

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The research is aimed at investigating how the common EU social and economic strategies, namely the 'Lisbon strategy' and the 'EU 2020', have been influential as a 'EU incentive' in European social partners having drawn the matter of employment of migrant workers both at Member state level and at European level by looking into their respective changes in responses towards the matter in the course of the two strategies. The research has found that there have been changes made in the European social partners' responses regarding the problematic matter of migrant workers' employment, namely precarious working conditions and lower employment rates than native workers, at all levels. To be specific, the trade unions have begun to emphasize more proactive protection of migrants at workplace than before. However, there is little evidence that it was the result of either the Lisbon or the EU2020. It was rather much more because of the evolving European economic market circumstance that has been getting liberalized more actively as the single market goes on, featured by the problematic side of the increase of posted workers and agency workers. Especially, the research is also aimed at shedding a light on how the Lisbon and the EU2020 have been articulated in the two different economic, social and employment models, namely the Nordic model and the Western model by investigating the Swedish case and the UK case in the study of Member state level social partners.

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Leitte, Arne Marian [Verfasser], Wilfried [Akademischer Betreuer] Endlicher, Olf [Akademischer Betreuer] Herbarth, and Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Schlink. "Factors influencing short-term associations between respiratory health and particulate air pollution : Case studies in Asia and Europe in different urban environments / Arne Marian Leitte. Gutachter: Wilfried Endlicher ; Olf Herbarth ; Uwe Schlink." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1020871210/34.

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Obrocki, Lea Marit [Verfasser]. "Advances in geoarchaeological site formation research by integrating geophysical methods, direct push sensing techniques and stratigraphic borehole data - case studies from central Europe and the western Peloponnese around ancient Olympia - / Lea Marit Obrocki." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/118923730X/34.

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Defraigne, Jean-Christophe P. L. G. "De l'intégration nationale à l'intégration continentale: analyse de la dynamique d'intégration supranationale européenne et de ses liens avec les changements technologiques des processus de production dans une perspective de long terme." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211359.

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Cam, Korhan. "Minimization of currency risk exposures by developing foreign currency trading strategies for a multinational United States company." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2601.

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This paper presents a case study of developing foreign currency trading strategies for trading operations for a multi-million dollar company that sells analytical products and services to European countries. The analysis provides a general framework for managing currency risk exposures for U.S. Multinational companies.

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Asghar, Adeel, and Shahid Kalim Khan. "‘‘How can marketing research help innovative SMEs in exploitation of international opportunities in their early internationalization? ’’ A Swedish Case Study : Role of Market Research in internationalization of SMEs." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-6368.

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DateMay 29th, 2009LevelMaster Thesis in International MarketingAuthorsShahid Kalim Khan: Körsbärsvägen 4b, LAG 218, 11423 Stockholm, Sweden Mob: +46 700641495 Email: iamkalim@gmail.comAdeel Asghar: Rum 235, Kallgatan 1 B, 63226 Eskilstuna, Sweden Mob: +46 700783841 Email: adeel1031@gmail.comTutorDaniel TolstoyTitleHow can marketing research help innovative SMEs in exploitation of international opportunities in their early internationalization? A Swedish Case StudyPurposeSMEs are well known for their innovative and risk taking approach. This study aims at providing them with a strategic framework or method to analyze the marketability of their products or services and exploit internationalization opportunities. It also focuses on helping them in reducing their risks linked with cross border business opportunities.Methodology/DesignThis research is performed through case study method. A new conceptual model has been developed by integrating relevant standard approaches within field of research. This model has been further explained by implementing it on case company (Widforss).ConclusionsThis study claims to make a significant and creative contribution to the field of SMEs internationalization through two theoretical models named as International SME Model of Innovation Exploitation (ISMIE) and Proactive International Entrepreneurship model (PIE). Both of these models use marketing research as key success factor. However, sufficient empirical evidences could not be provided due to limitations. Whereas, the practical contribution for the case firm named as Widforss industries is very evident.

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Ericsson, Lina. "The Swedish Arms Trade and the Politics of Human Rights: : A Comparative Case-study of Swedish Weapon Exports to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Russian Federation in the year of 2006." Thesis, Jönköping : Jönköping University. Jönköping International Business School, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:3582/FULLTEXT01.

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BASTIAN, Jens. "A matter of time : from work sharing to temporal flexibility in Belgium, France and Britain." Doctoral thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5202.

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Defence date: 16 April 1993
Examining board: Prof. Dr. Gøsta Esping-Andersen, European University Institute, Florence, supervisor) ; Prof. Dr. Hans-Peter Blossfeld, Universität Bremen, co-supervisor ; Prof. Dr. Claus Offe, Universität Bremen (external supervisor) ; Dr. Colin Crouch, Trinity College, Oxford ; Prof. David Soskice, Wissenschaftszentrum, Berlin ; Dr. Guy Standing, International Labour Organisation, Geneva
First made available online: 18 July 2016

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Wegleitner, K., K. Heimerl, and Allan Kellehear. "Compassionate Communities: Case Studies from Britain and Europe." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10883.

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ZOLNER, Mette. "Reconstructing national boundaries : debates on national identities and immigration in France and in Denmark." Doctoral thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5441.

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Defence date: 11 June 1998
Supervisor: Prof. Bernhard Giesen, Universität Giessen ; Co-Supervisor: Prof. Laurence Fontaine, European University Institute
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
Why are national identities imagined in one way rather than in another? The book analyses national imaginations as an on-going reconstruction process in a political and social context in which several imaginations of the nation struggle to impose their conception. Focusing on a fundamental element of any collective identity, namely the «Other», the book looks at the reconstruction of national identities by actors in political debates on immigration in the late 1980s and 1990s, particularly associations and political clubs which were in favour of and against the presence of immigrant minorities in their respective countries. Thus, the book investigates different ways of imagining the same nation in two old European nation-states, namely France and Denmark, which differ with regard to their nation-building processes, their Second World War history, their memory of colonialism and their experience of immigration. It is thus possible to illustrate that existing ideas of the nation and memories of historical events shape the way in which the nation could be re-imagined in the 1980s and 1990s.

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Guimarães, Gonçalo Simões Cidrais. "Mutualism in Europe: characteristics and purposes: case studies in Portugal, France and Spain." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21136.

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In the most recent years, the entities in the field of Social Economy have been improving their importance in the countries, answering to some needs of population, which are not answered by the State and by the private sector, fighting against the social problems created. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the recent years of Social Economy and, more specifically, of Mutualism in Europe: the main objective is to understand which are the theoretical principles of Social Economy and Mutualism and how they are consubstantiated in practical terms, but with an economic contextualization. Other question is about the existing works in this field: in my opinion we have some studies about Social Economy and Mutualism, but not in a significant number, and they are usually more focused on historical perspectives. This work tries to complement the historical and economic perspectives of Social Economy and Mutualism in three European countries.
Nos anos mais recentes, as organizações no campo da Economia Social tem aumentado a sua importância nos países, respondendo a algumas necessidades da população que não são respondidas pelo Estado e pelo setor privado, combatendo os problemas sociais criados. O objetivo desta tese é avaliar os anos mais recentes da Economia Social e, mais concretamente, do Mutualismo na Europa: o principal objetivo é compreender quais são os princípios teóricos da Economia Social e do Mutualismo e como é que são consubstanciados em termos práticos, mas englobando uma contextualização económica. Outro objetivo prende-se com os trabalhos existentes neste campo: na minha opinião, nós temos alguns estudos sobre a Economia Social e o Mutualismo, mas não num número significativo, e eles estão usualmente mais focados em perspetivas históricas. Este trabalho tenta complementar as perspetivas histórica e económica da Economia Social e do Mutualismo em três países europeus.

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SZILAGYI, Zsofia. "Media reform in post-communist Europe : case studies of Hungary, Ukraine and Kosovo." Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5398.

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Defence date: 26 September 2005
Examining board: Prof. Peter Wagner, European University Institute (Supervisor) ; Prof. András Bozóki, Central European University ; Prof. László Bruszt, European University Institute ; Dr. Karol Jakubowicz, National Broadcasting Council of Poland and Council of Europe
First made available online 09 January 2019
Situated on the edge of mass communication studies and transition studies, this PhD thesis examines the process of media reform in countries undergoing post-communist transition. By performing three very different single country studies - a relative success story of transition (Hungary), a struggling post-Soviet society (Ukraine), and a post-conflict, international-administered province (Kosovo) - the work seeks to compile a thorough account of the problems that have plagued the region's media reform process in the last decade. The primary goal is to contribute to the discussion on media démocratisation through preparing comprehensive case studies on the basis of carefully selected empirical material. While focusing on the most important elements of the complex interaction between political and media systems, the thesis reviews the new structural and cultural organisation of the media systems. It focuses on the policy decisions that were adopted by political elites, and on the discussions which surrounded the theoretical grounding and/ or the implementation of these decisions. The work hypothesises that media systems undergoing transition can be fruitfully analysed according to four normative media models - the libertarian, social democratic, authoritarian and development assistant models. These theoretical models help to ascertain the fundamental organisational and structural principles which define a given media segment, and also help to identify the basic commonalities and differences between the various development paths. The work argues that the success of media reform ultimately depends on the political elites' commitment to implementing the above models in an appropriate balance. It concludes that a "transitional media model" might make sense for some of these countries, in which continued party political presence and political parallelism - particularly in the print segment - may be justified.

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JAUREGUI, Pablo. "National pride and the meanings of 'Europe' : a comparative study of Britain and Spain." Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5320.

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Defence date: 24 September 2001
Examining board: Prof. Joaquín Abellán (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) ; Prof. Christian Joppke (EUI - supervisor) ; Prof. Stephen Mennell (University College Dublin) ; Prof. Gianfranco Poggi (EUI - co-supervisor)
First made available online on 8 January 2020
This thesis has two fundamental objectives. On the one hand, at the level of theoretical generalization, it aims to make a contribution to the study of collective identities, and more specifically, of national identities within the context of European integration. On the other, at the level of empirical investigation, it aims to compare how the collective ideals, memories, and sentiments of two national communities, Britain and Spain, have conditioned the diverse symbolic representations of ‘Europe* which have emerged over the course of time in the public spheres of these two particular case-studies.

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Hasan, Ajaz. "Energy and environmental benefits of alternative work arrangements." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12085.

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The present rate of fossil fuel burning, the main source of commercial energy, is adversely impacting global climate. Present social and economic practices need to be examined to question their level of energy use and related greenhouse gas emission. Energy used to operate buildings and to transport people is a significant portion of the total energy consumption and reductions in these uses will be crucial to addressing the global issues. This thesis examines the potential for energy use reduction in the performance of office work through the use of Alternative Work Arrangements ("AWAs"). The analysis considers the operating energy of an office building, operating energy of alternative work locations and the transportation energy spent by employees in commuting from home to work. A brief synopsis of the present atmospheric, energy use and workplace trend is presented. The synthesis of these trends is used as a framework to evaluate the impact of AWAs. The work arrangements in the Burnaby Fraser Tax Services Office ('BFTSO'), Surrey, BC are used as a case study to analyze the operating and commuting energy spent by the employees working by different arrangements. Telework is found to be the most energy efficient work arrangement implemented at the BFTSO. Under optimum operating conditions, net energy saving per teleworker can be 34.06 GJ per annum. Net savings in greenhouse gas emission per teleworker can be 1950 kg per annum. For hoteling work arrangement, net energy savings per hoteling employee under optimum conditions can be 32 GJ per annum. Related savings in greenhouse gas emissions can be 1532 kg per annum. The proportion of total operating and total commuting energy for the BFTSO is almost equal. However, the greenhouse gas emission from total commuting energy is three times that from operating energy due to differences in carbon intensity of the fuel mix. Under optimum conditions the implementation of AWAs at the BFTSO can result in 36 percent saving in total operating energy and 43 percent saving in total commuting energy. The magnitude of the savings is location dependent due to differences in climate, fuel mix and transportation patterns. Alternative Work Arrangements have mixed social impact. It can improve the ability of employees to balance their personal and professional life. It can also lead to isolation that can adversely impact morale and work output. The participation rate in AWAs within organizations is currently low, less than 2 percent. However, the implementation of AWA is widespread with most organizations using some form of AWA. To increase the participation rate in AWAs, a comprehensive approach needs to be adopted, considering the professional, personal, economic and social impact of AWAs. Government intervention through supporting regulations and incentives can be a strong catalyst for increasing participation rates in AWAs.

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Carter, Daniel Arthur. "Globalization or regionalization : financial flows and business practices in Central Europe and Latin America." 1997. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2546.

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VIEBROCK, Elke. "The role of trade unions as intermediary institutions in unemployment insurance : an European comparison." Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5422.

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Defence date: 10 September 2004
Examining board: Prof. Jens Alber (Wissenschaftszentrum für Sozialforschung, Berlin) ; Prof. Stefano Bartolini (EUI, Supervisor) ; Prof. Colin Crouch (EUI) ; Prof. Peter Flora (University of Mannheim)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017

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HANSEN, Janus. "Framing the public : three case studies in public participation in the governance of agricultural biotechnology." Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5144.

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Defence date: 10 June 2005
Examining board: Prof. Andrew Webster (University of York) ; Prof. Donatella Della Porta (EUI) ; Prof. Klaus Eder (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, external co-supervisor) ; Prof. Colin Crouch (University of Warwick, former EUI, supervisor)
First made available online 31 August 2016
Ideas about public engagement with controversial technologies are growing in political prominence. This dissertation delivers a theoretically grounded, empirical analysis of why active public involvement is considered to be of growing importance for the legitimate use of new technologies. It examines the different social dynamics influencing actual attempts to engage the public and the difficulties encountered. Janus Hansen argues that while there are strong normative reasons to further public engagement with the regulation of controversial technologies, there are also strong sociological reasons to reflect carefully on what such engagement can realistically achieve. This dissertation delivers conceptual tools and empirical analyses to support such reflections based on in-depth case studies of important attempts to engage public concerns across Europe.

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Papadopoulou, Evangelia. "Bridging the gap between citizens and institutions : Is the Europe Direct Network a competent means to reconcile the trust of Europeans for the Europe of the 28? The Spanish case." Thesis, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-229063.

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Information has always been strategically relevant for the European Commission, especially during the last thirty years with discussions about a gap in communication and the possible democratic deficit propagating. For that reason, communication was introduced as a policy after 2000. In order to reach specific interests in the Union, the Commission highlighted the importance of the partnership with civil society in 2005 through the “Plan D for Democracy, Dialogue and Debate” and its “going local” approach. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the communication strategy of the EU through the lens of one of its regional communication instruments, the Europe Direct relays of information. The relays are a first-hand portal for the citizens to enter into the Union not only by acquiring information but also by transferring their comments and suggestions to Brussels. They form, therefore, a debate platform between citizens and institutions under a European “public sphere.” Nevertheless, research has identified two critical points in their function: the host structure, which intervenes in their administration role, and the European Commission, which provides them with financial support and information services. This thesis seeks to ascertain the success or not of the relays in relation to those two variables. In order to achieve that, the Spanish study case is examined. It will be finally verified if, according to the guidance of the European Commission, the relays fulfill their role in fostering national involvement in supranational activities.

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CADDY, Joanne E. "Sowing the seeds of deliberative democracy?: institutions for the environment in Central Europe: case studies of public participation in environmental decision-making in contemporary Hungary." Doctoral thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5219.

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Defence date: 12 June 1998
Examining board: Prof. Adrienne Héritier (EUI - supervisor) ; Prof. Johan P. Olsen (University of Oslo) ; Prof. Philippe C. Schmitter (EUI) ; Dr. Anna Vári (Hungarian Academy of Sciences)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017

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Marques, Paulo. "Young people and labour market segmentation in Europe: an institutionalist perspective." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/10873.

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JEL classification: B52 institutional; evolutionary J42 monopsony; segmented labour markets J 63 turnover; vacancies; layoffs J71 labour discrimination P16 political economy
This thesis aims to identify the causes that have led to growing labour market segmentation, particularly the one characterized by a precarious labour situation of young people. We begin by claiming that arguments based on a supposed rigidity of the labour market due to high employment protection for insiders or arguments based on a growing dichotomy between the industrial core and the service sector cannot explain why, in some European countries, outsiders are mainly young labour market participants. To address this puzzle, it is argued that high social conflict (due to the existence of an uncoordinated system of industrial relations or liberalization) and a small proportion of primary sector jobs are the driving forces of this process. In addition, we also argue that, even though high employment protection aggravates segmentation because it reinforces the power of those with more political power, high employment protection alone is not sufficient for the process to occur. The empirical part of this study uses two different methodologies: fsQCA and a comparative analysis of two case studies. The fsQCA analysis supports the theoretical argument and hypotheses, and shows that it is in Southern and Anglo- Saxon countries that this process is more present. A comparative analysis of the two sectors shows that while in telecommunications young people have been particularly affected by more precarious working conditions, a similar process did not occur in the vehicle manufacturing industries
A presente tese tem como objetivo identificar as causas que estão na origem de uma crescente segmentação no mercado de trabalho, nomeadamente a que é caracterizada por uma precarização da situação laboral dos jovens. Começa-se por argumentar que as explicações baseadas numa suposta rigidez do mercado de trabalho devido a uma elevada proteção no emprego para os insiders ou as explicações baseadas na existência de uma dicotomia crescente entre o setor industrial e o dos serviços não conseguem explicar porque é que em alguns países europeus são sobretudo os jovens que são os outsiders. Em resposta a esta questão, argumenta-se que uma elevada conflitualidade social (devido à existência de um sistema de relações laborais descoordenado ou ao processo de liberalização) e uma baixa proporção de empregos no setor primário do mercado de trabalho constituem a força motriz deste processo. Adicionalmente, também se defende que, embora a elevada proteção no emprego agrave a segmentação porque reforça o poder dos grupos com mais poder político, a elevada proteção no emprego não constitui isoladamente uma condição suficiente para que o processo ocorra. A parte empírica deste trabalho utiliza duas metodologias distintas: o fsQCA e uma análise comparada de dois estudos de caso. A análise com o fsQCA corrobora o argumento teórico e as hipóteses formuladas, e mostra que é nos países da Europa do Sul e Anglo-Saxónicos que este processo está mais presente. A análise comparada dos dois setores de atividade mostra que enquanto nas telecomunicações os jovens foram especialmente afetados pela precarização das condições de trabalho, uma situação semelhante não ocorreu no setor da fabricação de veículos automóveis.

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HANRETTY, Chris. "The Political Independence of Public Service Broadcasters." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/13213.

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Defense date: 18 December 2009
Examining Board: Adrienne Héritier (EUI/RSCAS), Anker Brink Lund (Copenhagen Business School), Gianpietro Mazzoleni (University of Milan) (External Co-Supervisor), Alexander H. Trechsel (EUI) (Supervisor)
François Mény Prize for the Best Comparative Study of Political Institutions, 2010.
In this thesis, I demonstrate that the degree of political independence that a public service broadcaster has depends on the degree of legal protection given to it, and on the size of the market for news in that country. The latter affects broadcaster independence by creating more standardized and professionalized news, which in turn reduces politicians’ incentives to intervene in the broadcaster. The former affects broadcaster independence by making it less likely that such intervention will be effective. I demonstrate these claims in two ways. First, I conduct a large-N statistical analysis of 36 public service broadcasters (PSBs), in which I demonstrate that legal protection news market size are statistically significant predictors of PSB independence (as I operationalize it), and that other suggested explanatory factors — party system polarization and bureaucratic partisanship — have no effect. Second, I carry out a comparative historical analysis of six European PSBs—Radiotelevisione Italiana, Radiotelevisión Española, Radio Telefís Éireann (Ireland), the British Broadcasting Corporation, Danmarks Radio, and Sveriges Radio and its associated companies (Sweden) — and substantiate the claims made in my statistical analysis. In particular, I demonstrate that where the market for news was bigger, broadcasters capitalised on pre-existing journalistic experience, adopting the house-styles of press agencies and learning from journalists’ associations. Conversely, where the market was small, that experience could not be drawn on, and broadcast journalism attracted political intervention.
Version of thesis published as a book "HANRETTY, Chris, Public Broadcasting and Political Interference, Abingdon/New York, Routledge, 2011, Routledge Research in Political Communication"

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Dao, Cuong D., A. Hartmann, A. Lamper, and P. Herbert. "Scheduling Infrastructure Renewal for Railway Networks." 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17977.

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Yes
The pressing necessity to renew infrastructure assets in developed railway systems leads to an increased number of activities to be scheduled annually. Scheduling of renewal activities for a railway network is a critical task because these activities often require a significant amount of time and create a capacity conflict in operation scheduling. This paper discusses economic and technological aspects, opportunities, and constraints in the renewals of multiple rail infrastructure components at several locations in a railway network. We addressed and modeled a challenging situation in which there were interrelationships between different track lines, and thus, possession of a track line could affect the other track lines and prevent renewal works on them. A mathematical formulation for the railway infrastructure renewal scheduling problem in the network context was presented to minimize the total renewal and unavailability costs. A method based on a triple-prioritization rule and an optimal sharing of renewal times allocated for different types of rail infrastructure components in a possession is proposed to solve the problem. The method was applied to a real case of a regional railway network in Northern Netherlands and it was shown that up to 13% of total costs can be saved compared with the current scheduling practice.

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ZANTEDESCHI, Francesca. "Une langue en quête d'une nation : le débat sur la langue d'oc au XIXe siècle." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12014.

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Defence Date: 24/04/2009
Examining Board: Professor Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, European University Institute (Supervisor); Professor Enrique Ucelay-Da Cal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Second Supervisor); Professor Michael Keating, European University Institute; Professor Anne-Marie Thiesse, EHESS
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Dans le premier chapitre je définirai mon approche de la question nationale en m’appuyant sur certaines théories classiques du nationalisme. Je m’attacherai longuement sur le lien entre langue et nation, que je mettrai en perspective historique. En particulier, j’examinerai le cadre conceptuel et philosophique dans lequel l’idée politique de nation a vu le jour, à la fin du XVIIIe siècle. Et je le ferai en ayant toujours présent à l’esprit l’évolution des études linguistiques, notamment à partir du début du XIXe siècle. Dans le deuxième chapitre, après avoir traité des idées linguistique en France depuis le XVIIIe siècle, je considérerai le contexte français dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle. Je porterai une attention particulière à la politique culturelle française depuis la Révolution de 1789, et notamment aux politiques linguistiques des différents gouvernements. Je parlerai donc des enquêtes linguistiques et ethnologiques qui accompagnent l’intérêt nouveau pour les traditions populaires, mais aussi de leur dimension politique. J’expliquerai comment elles emboîtent le pas à la quête des origines nationales. Finalement, j’aborderai le renouveau qui caractérise l’historiographie française depuis les années 1820 pour montrer comment l’histoire du Midi de la France s’insère dans le grand tableau de l’histoire nationale. Après ces chapitres de préliminaires historiques et théoriques, avec le troisième chapitre, on abordera l’émergence de la question de la langue d’oc à travers les travaux d’une lignée d’historiens, antiquaires, lexicographes, etc. qui depuis le XVIIIe siècle relancent l’intérêt pour les 'langues du Midi' en France. Je parlerai de Raynouard, le fondateur des études de langue romane, et de ses successeurs qui ont dessiné le cadre théorique dans lequel s’inscrira le débat pendant presque tout le siècle. Débat qui mettra en jeu de nom de la langue : langue romane, langue d’oc, provençal, et dans lequel la renaissance provençale promue par le groupe des félibres joue un rôle capital. Je parlerai longuement de son principal protagoniste, Frédéric Mistral, dont la personnalité, le génie poétique et le talent d’organisateur poussent le provençal sur le premier plan de la scène littéraire française. Dans le quatrième chapitre, je franchirai la frontière pyrénéenne pour découvrir comment la question linguistique et nationale a été abordée en Catalogne. Le choix de m’occuper de la question linguistique catalane est dû à plusieurs raisons : tout d’abord à la proximité linguistique et culturelle que ce pays voisin a avec les pays de langue d’oc. En deuxième lieu, au fait que, quelques années durant, les Provençaux et les Catalans ont partagé intérêts, revendications et rêves d’une confédération de peuples latins. Enfin, à la curiosité de voir comment le débat sur la langue catalane a été résolu en faveur d’une vision résolument nationale de la langue, de sorte qu’elle devient à la fois fondement et instrument de revendications politiques. Dans le cinquième chapitre je ferai retour en France et je m’arrêterai surtout dans le Languedoc, où la création de la Société des Langues Romanes à Montpellier donne une tournure différent au débat sur la langue d’oc. Créée presque trente ans après le Félibrige, la SLR fait sortir la discussion sur la langue du domaine poétique : ses intérêts linguistiques et philologiques la prédisposent en fait à des conceptions de la langue et à des projets de normalisation, surtout orthographique, antagonistes à ceux du Félibrige. Toujours en Languedoc, mais cette fois-ci à Toulouse, une autre initiative voit le jour visant à mettre en question la prééminence des Provençaux au sein du Félibrige : la Lauseto, organe des félibres rouges et apôtre de la 'Cause languedocienne', engage une véritable opposition idéologique au félibrige catholique et légitimiste de matrice provençale. Je terminerai le chapitre par une petite 'promenade' en Italie, où la questione della lingua est au centre d’un débat animé qui nous servira de point de comparaison. Dans le sixième chapitre je resituerai le débat dans le cadre étatique français. Je passerai d’abord rapidement en revue la longue question de la décentralisation culturelle. J’analyserai l’état de l’enseignement supérieur en France, je traiterai du débat sur la réforme universitaire, pour passer ensuite à l’institution académique des études philologiques et à leur importance pour le processus de construction d’un imaginaire national français. Dans ce contexte, je m’arrêterai longuement sur les querelles linguistiques qui divisent les linguistes de la SLR et les philologues de la Romania, sur leur opposition idéologique et sociologique. J’achèverai le chapitre sur la constitution des études de dialectologie en France. L’épilogue, finalement, où je traiterai de l’échec du mouvement renaissentiste de langue d’oc et de son 'repli' sur une idée latine utopique.

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Ross, Nicole Kristine. "Doing Good While Going Public: Ramping Up the ExactTarget Foundation Amidst the IPO Process (Q1 2012)." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3222.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Flextime – Europe – Case studies'

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