To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Flexible Pipes.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Flexible Pipes'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Flexible Pipes.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Nygård, David. "Tensile armour buckling in flexible pipes." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18652.
Full textAbstract:
The exible pipelines has been widely used by the oil and gas industry the lastdecades and this trend is expected to continue as the operating depths are increasedfurther. For deep water applications the radial and lateral buckling modes can becritical. Many studies has been carried out using nite element models to studythese failure modes.In this thesis a nite element model is created with the aim to recreate resultsobtained in a recently published article by Vaz and Rizzo. The model is built upusing pipe, beam, contact and spring elements to represent the complex behaviourof the cross section. The loading is carried out by rst applying the dry mass, thenthe external pressure and nally end compression.When comparing buckling loads generated in this thesis by the ones in thearticle by Vaz and Rizzo the observation made is that the buckling loads from thisthesis are signicantly higher. When comparing only the inclination of the endshortening versus buckling load curves it was seen that the curves from article hada only slightly larger inclination than the results from the analyses in this thesis.This indicates that there is a small dierence in the stiness used. By modifyingthe stiness it should be possible to get the same inclination of the curve.Analyses were also carried out on how the slip distance aects the bucklingloads. By increasing the slip distance by 50% and 100% it was observed thatthe buckling loads were reduced drastically. In the article by Vaz and Rizzo noinformation is given on the slip distance. By tuning the slip distance and stinessof the springs it should therefore by possible to obtain the exact same results as inthe article. This clearly illustrates the importance of stating all assumptions andinput parameters when describing models used for analysis.
2
Reginold, Jesuthasan Terence. "Rocker pipe solution to alleviate settlement induced distress in flexible pipes." Thesis, University of East London, 2006. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/1257/.
Full textAbstract:
A number of earlier researchers investigated the soil structure interaction parameters which affect the structural behaviour of buried flexible pipes. However, it was not until the mid-1990s that the importance of rocker pipe design to accommodate differential settlement raised awareness of the consequent absence in current design procedure [BS EN 1295-3; 1998]. This study widens the understanding of the effect of differential ground movements on the behaviour of flexible pipes to address concerns raised to the Committee European de Normalisation. Many pipeline failures result from the excessive strains developed in the vicinity of the junction between a pipe and a settling structure. Case studies of such failures are presented in this thesis, which demonstrates that it can occur not only in large diameter pipeline but also in small diameter domestic pipeline systems. A method of analysis and the use of developed appropriate rocker pipe length is an industrially useful outcome of this research. Analytical solutions for flexible pipes have been developed based on the concept of beams on elastic foundation approach. Non-dimensional relationships have been developed and are presented in the form of charts. These charts permit hand calculations and rapid verification of structural design of the pipeline and, thus, assess the integrity of the existing pipelines located in areas with ground instability. Knowledge of the soil strength and sub-grade modulus is required, along with pipeline geometry and pipe stiffness, to apply the non-dimensional relationships. The soil parameters can be measured in situ or estimated using empirical correlations. The cause for failure has been investigated with the proposed analytical soil structure interaction approach which identifies the zone of distress in the pipeline. The analysis has been extended to demonstrate how a rocker pipe system can be incorporated to alleviate such distress. The concept of rocker pipes has also been investigated in the study through laboratory scale testing. Soil box tests, with ground conditions defined through plate/pipe load testing, have been developed. Full-scale testing on flexible pipes instrumented with FlexiForce pressure sensors at the pipe invert, strain gauges measuring strain due to induced differential settlement on the pipe crown and deflection transducers measuring deflection profiles along the pipe length due to differential settlement of the end structure, have been used to validate the mathematical modelling. Ile combination of rocker pipes with flexible joints and elastic effects removes the distress imposed by the differential settlement, and provides the possibility for a better comparison with the data obtained from both theoretical analysis and experimental tests. Results from each of these approaches are compared with those from experiments. It is concluded that there is need for a rational design procedure analysis for rocker pipes to be incorporated into codes of practice, such as EN 1295.
3
Sævik, Svein. "On stresses and fatigue in flexible pipes." Norway : Dept. of Marine Structures, the University of Trondheim, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/27348152.html.
Full text
4
Warnakulasuriya, Hapuhennedige Surangith. "Soil structure interaction of buried pipes." Thesis, University of East London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286607.
Full text
5
Baradaran-Seyed, Farman. "On the dynamics of flexible risers and suspended pipes." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.722589.
Full text
6
Liu, Xueying. "Dynamic Response of Flexible Pipes Considering Different Damping Models." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26253.
Full textAbstract:
Flexible pipe is a layered structure composed of plastic and steel materials. Under a large bending moment, the pipe layers may slide relative to each other due to internal friction. The moment curvature relationship for the flexible pipe is a tri-linear curve. Under cyclic bending moment, a hysteresis loop will be formed in the moment curvature curve. The area of the loop is the energy loss due to the internal friction. This thesis is aimed to study the effects of hysteresis damping on the global analysis of the flexible riser. To begin with, a review on the flexible pipe technology and nonlinear finite element method is performed. Then a local analysis is carried out in BFLEX to obtain the cross sectional characteristics. Then the global analysis is conducted to study the responses of the flexible riser in terms of the curvature, moment and axial force. From the study, slip behavior only occurs at the hang off part of the riser. For the rest part, pipe layers stay in the stick regime, meaning there is no energy loss due to the internal friction. Therefore for the global analysis of the flexible riser, there is no need to further study the equivalent linear damping models. In addition, the influence of linear and nonlinear bending models on the global response of the riser is investigated. It is found that the current standard industrial practice, namely applying the linear bending model with the full slip bending stiffness, gives an over conservative response prediction. It is therefore recommended to use the physically correct nonlinear moment curvature relationship for the global analysis of flexible riser.
7
Chen, Zhenxin. "The mechanical behaviour and fatigue analysis of flexible pipes." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1292.
Full text
8
Champneys, Alan R. "The nonlinear dynamics of articulated pipes conveying fluid." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302850.
Full text
9
Kennedy, I. "Vibration transmissibility characteristics of fibre and steel reinforced flexible pipes." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378334.
Full text
10
Tan, Zhimin. "On the mechanics of flexible pipes, umbilicals and marine cables." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338079.
Full text
11
Massicotte, Daniel. "Finite element calculations of stresses and deformations in buried flexible pipes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/MQ57140.pdf.
Full text
12
Jamin, Stéphane. "Stability of thin and thick flexible pipes subjected to axial flow." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97221.
Full textAbstract:
Have you ever experienced oscillatory motions of the free end your hose while watering your garden? This ordinary phenomenon of a pipe conveying fluid has asserted itself as a paradigm since it is described by quite simple equations and its study has various applications in engineering systems such as heat exchangers, blood circulatory systems as well as mining operations. The scope of the present work is the study of the dynamics of two different kinds of cylindrical pipes: (i) a cantilevered thin-walled pipe, i.e. a cylindrical shell, aspirating air and (ii) a thick-walled pipe subjected to internal, external, or simultaneous internal and external axial flows. This was accomplished for the cantilevered shell by deriving a linear analytical model through a variational principle while taking into account modified boundary conditions, and then by comparing theoretical and experimental results. For the thick wall pipe, the study was mainly experimental. A great part of the work was to design and build an entirely new apparatus allowing the investigation of the dynamics of the pipe in a lot of different configurations. The critical flow velocity and the corresponding frequency of oscillation as well as the pipe behaviour at higher flow velocities are described.N'avez-vous jamais ressenti un mouvement d'oscillations de l'extrémité libre de votre tuyau pendant que vous arrosiez votre jardin? Ce phénomène, banal pour un tuyau véhiculant un fluide, s'est imposé comme un problème fondamental puisqu'il est gouverné pas des équations relativement simples et que son étude a des applications dans des systèmes aussi variés que les échangeurs de chaleur, les systèmes de circulation sanguine et les opérations minières. L'objectif de ce travail de recherche est l'étude de la dynamique de deux différents types de tuyaux cylindriques: (i) un tuyau encastré-libre à paroi mince, i.e. une coque cylindrique, aspirant de l'air et (ii) un tuyau à paroi large soumis à un écoulement axial qui peut être interne, externe, ou les deux simultanément. Pour la coque encastrée-libre, ce fut accompli en dérivant un modèle analytique linéaire par l'intermédiaire d'un principe variationnel tout en prenant en compte des conditions aux limites modifiées, puis, en comparant les résultats théoriques et expérimentaux. Pour le tuyau à paroi large, l'étude fut principalement expérimentale. La majeure partie de ce travail fut la conception et le montage d'un appareil entièrement nouveau qui permet d'étudier le comportement du tuyau dans de multiples configurations. La vitesse d'écoulement critique, la fréquence d'oscillation correspondante ainsi que l'évolution du comportement du tuyau lorsque la vitesse d'écoulement augmente sont présentées.
13
Don, Rasika Perera Solangarachchige. "Investigation of fretting behaviour in pressure armour layers of flexible pipes." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2007. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20219/.
Full textAbstract:
The incidence of fretting damage in the pressure armour wires of flexible pipes used in offshore oil explorations has been investigated. A novel experimental facility which is capable of simulating nub and valley contact conditions of interlocking wire winding with dynamic slip, representative of actual pipe loading, has been developed. The test set-up is equipped with a state of the art data acquisition system and a controller with transducers to measure and control the normal load, slip amplitude and friction force at the contact, in addition to the hoop stress in the wire. Tests were performed with selected loading and the fretted regions were examined using optical microscopy techniques. Results show that the magnitude of contact loading and the slip amplitude have a distinct influence on surface damage. Surface cracks originated from a fretting scar were observed at high contact loads in mixed slip sliding while surface damage predominantly due to wear was observed under gross slip. The position of surface cracks and the wear profile have been related to the contact pressure distribution. The evolution of friction force and surface damage under different slip and normal pressure conditions has been analysed. A fracture mechanics based numerical procedure has been developed to analyse the fretting damage behaviour. A severity parameter is proposed in order to ascertain whether the crack growth is in mode I or mode II cracking. The analysis show the influence of mode II cracking in the early stages of crack growth following which the crack deviates in the mode I direction making mode I the dominant crack propagation mechanism. The crack path determined by the numerical procedure correlates well with the experimental results. A numerical analysis was carried out for the fretting fatigue condition where a cyclic bulk stress superimposes with the friction force. The analysis correlates well with short crack growth behaviour. The analysis confirms that fretting is a significant factor that should be taken into account in design and operation of the pressure armour wires of flexible pipes at high contact pressure if the bulk cyclic load superimposes with the friction force. As predicted by the numerical procedure and further by experimental investigations, the surface cracks initiating on the wire in this condition are self arresting after propagating into a certain depth.
14
Bircan, Mehmet. "A Study On The Effect Of Pipe - Soil Relative Stiffness On The Behaviour Of Buried Flexible Pipes." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611562/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, the effect of pipe-soil relative stiffness on the behaviour of buried flexible pipes was investigated considering the pipe size, material type, stiffness, pipe-soil and natural soil-backfill interfaces and geometry of the trench using the finite element method. For this purpose, a parametric study was conducted to examine the effect of different variables on the resulting earth loads and deformations imposed on the buried pipes. Various types of trench pipe-soil cases were analysed for a certain natural ground and backfill material by the PLAXIS finite element code which allows simulating non-linear soil behaviour, the stages of construction as well as the pipe-soil interaction aspects of the problem. Loads and deformations obtained by the finite element method were compared with those calculated by the conventional approaches for different pipe-soil stiffness ratios. The finite element results obtained for the deformation of typically flexible Polyethylene pipes were then used to back-calculate the range of modulus of soil reaction, E', values for various pipe-soil relative stiffness and they were compared with the suggested value proposed by Howard (1977).
15
Edmans, Ben. "Non-linear finite element analysis of flexible pipes for deep-water applications." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11178.
Full textAbstract:
Flexible pipes are essential components in the subsea oil and gas industry, where they are used to convey fluids under conditions of extreme external pressure and (often) axial load, while retaining low bending stiffness. This is made possible by their complex internal structure, consisting of unbonded components that are, to a certain extent, free to move internally relative to each other. Due to the product's high value and high cost of testing facilities, much e ort has been invested in the development of analytical and numerical models for simulating flexible pipe behaviour, which includes bulk response to various loading actions, calculation of component stresses and use of this data for component fatigue calculations. In this work, it is proposed that the multi-scale methods currently in widespread use for the modelling of composite materials can be applied to the modelling of flexible pipe. This allows the large-scale dynamics of an installed pipe (often several kilometers in length) to be related to the behaviour of its internal components (with characteristic lengths in millimeters). To do this, a formal framework is developed for an extension of the computational homogenisation procedure that allows multiscale models to be constructed in which models at both the large and small scales are composed of different structural elements. Within this framework, a large-scale flexible pipe model is created, using a two-dimensional corotational beam formulation with a constitutive model representative of flexible pipe bulk behaviour, which was obtained by further development of a recently proposed formulation inspired by the analogy between the flexible pipe structural behaviour and that of plastic materials with non-associative flow rules. A three-dimensional corotational formulation is also developed. The model is shown to perform adequately for practical analyses. Next, a detailed finite element (FE) model of a flexible pipe was created, using shell finite elements, generalised periodic boundary conditions and an implicit solution method. This model is tested against two analytical flexible pipe models for several basic load cases. Finally, the two models are used to carry out a sequential multi-scale analysis, in which a set of simulations using the detailed FE model is carried out in order to find the most appropriate coefficients for the large-scale model.
16
Cameron, Donald Anthony. "Analysis Of Buried Flexible Pipes In Granular Backfill Subjected To Construction Traffic." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/680.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the design of flexible pipes, buried in shallow trenches with dry sand backfill. The thesis reports the comprehensive analysis of twenty-two full-scale load tests conducted between 1989 and 1991 on pipe installations, mainly within a laboratory facility, at the University of South Australia. The pipes were highly flexible, spirally-wound, uPVC pipes, ranging in diameter from 300 to 450 mm. Guidelines were required by industry for safe cover heights for these pipes when subjected to construction traffic. The tests were designed by, and conducted under the supervision of, the author, prior to the author undertaking this thesis. As current design approaches for pipes could not anticipate the large loading settlements and hence, soil plasticity, experienced in these tests, finite element analyses were attempted. Extensive investigations of the materials in the installations were undertaken to permit finite element modelling of the buried pipe installations. In particular, a series of large strain triaxial tests were conducted on the sand backfill in the buried pipe installations, to provide an understanding of the sand behaviour in terms of critical state theory. Subsequently a constitutive model for the soil was developed. The soil model was validated before implementation in an element of finite element program, AFENA (Carter and Balaam, 1995). Single element modelling of the triaxial tests proved invaluable in obtaining material constants for the soil model. The new element was applied successfully to the analysis of a side-constrained, plate loading test on the sand. The simulation of the buried pipe tests was shown to require three-dimensional finite element analysis to approach the observed pipe-soil behaviour. Non-compliant side boundary conditions were ultimately adjudged chiefly responsible for the difficulty in matching the experimental data. The value of numerical analyses performed in tandem with physical testing was apparent, albeit in hindsight. The research has identified the prediction of vertical soil pressure above the pipe due to external loading as being the major difficulty for designers. Based on the finite element analyses of the field tests, a preliminary simple expression was developed for estimation of these pressures, which could be used with currently available design approaches to reasonably predict pipe deflections.
17
Cameron, Donald Anthony. "Analysis Of Buried Flexible Pipes In Granular Backfill Subjected To Construction Traffic." University of Sydney. Civil Engineering, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/680.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the design of flexible pipes, buried in shallow trenches with dry sand backfill. The thesis reports the comprehensive analysis of twenty-two full-scale load tests conducted between 1989 and 1991 on pipe installations, mainly within a laboratory facility, at the University of South Australia. The pipes were highly flexible, spirally-wound, uPVC pipes, ranging in diameter from 300 to 450 mm. Guidelines were required by industry for safe cover heights for these pipes when subjected to construction traffic. The tests were designed by, and conducted under the supervision of, the author, prior to the author undertaking this thesis. As current design approaches for pipes could not anticipate the large loading settlements and hence, soil plasticity, experienced in these tests, finite element analyses were attempted. Extensive investigations of the materials in the installations were undertaken to permit finite element modelling of the buried pipe installations. In particular, a series of large strain triaxial tests were conducted on the sand backfill in the buried pipe installations, to provide an understanding of the sand behaviour in terms of critical state theory. Subsequently a constitutive model for the soil was developed. The soil model was validated before implementation in an element of finite element program, AFENA (Carter and Balaam, 1995). Single element modelling of the triaxial tests proved invaluable in obtaining material constants for the soil model. The new element was applied successfully to the analysis of a side-constrained, plate loading test on the sand. The simulation of the buried pipe tests was shown to require three-dimensional finite element analysis to approach the observed pipe-soil behaviour. Non-compliant side boundary conditions were ultimately adjudged chiefly responsible for the difficulty in matching the experimental data. The value of numerical analyses performed in tandem with physical testing was apparent, albeit in hindsight. The research has identified the prediction of vertical soil pressure above the pipe due to external loading as being the major difficulty for designers. Based on the finite element analyses of the field tests, a preliminary simple expression was developed for estimation of these pressures, which could be used with currently available design approaches to reasonably predict pipe deflections.
18
Glennon, Dermot. "A study of the molecular organisation in structural PVDF." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310418.
Full text
19
Chen, Minghao. "Fatigue analysis of flexible pipes using alternative element types and bend stiffener data." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15817.
Full textAbstract:
The flexible pipe is a vital part of a floating production system. The lifetime of a flexible riser system is crucial for the Health Safety and Environment (HSE) management. As a result of this, it is very necessary to carry out research on the lifetime of flexible pipe. In this thesis we formalized analysis on flexible pipes, utilizing the finite element analysis software BFLEX 2010, developed by MARINTEK. Chapter 1 describes basic knowledge about flexible pipe and relevant facilities. Chapter 2 gives more information about failure mode of flexible pipe and flexible pipe system. The design criteria and design flow chart is included in this part. Chapter 3 demonstrates the concepts in BFLEX 2010 and its basic principles. For BFLEX 2010, different modeling methods are available for the flexible pipes. In Chapter 4, the basic properties about the flexible pipe which is used in this thesis are introduced. The BFLEX model in this thesis is included in this chapter, too. In Chapter 5, two specified load cases are analyzed by BFLEX 2010 with different bending formulations for tendons. Fatigue damage on tensile armour layers and longitudinal stress in pressure armour is given. The fatigue damage is given in the form of Miner Sum. The comparison between different bending formulations is made. In Chapter 6, Comparison between calculation results and testing data is made. At the same time, correlation study about fatigue damage on tensile armour layer is finished. This thesis focuses on the effect of gap between flexible pipe and bending stiffener, and the influence of the E-modulus of bending stiffener.
20
Alzabeebee, Saif Imad Akoobi. "Enhanced design approaches for rigid and flexible buried pipes using advanced numerical modelling." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8004/.
Full textAbstract:
Buried pipelines are a vital element in maintaining modern life, as they provide a convenient way for transporting products such as gas, potable water, storm water and waste water. These buried structures have to resist external forces due to backfill soil weight and traffic loading. Therefore, the buried pipe needs to be designed properly to withstand these forces. However, careful examination of the current design standards showed significant issues with the existing design methodology for both rigid and flexible pipes. Thus, this research aimed to use advanced finite element modelling and novel advanced machine learning techniques (namely evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR)) to improve the understanding and propose improvements in the design methods for buried rigid (concrete) and flexible (polyvinyl chloride (PVC)) pipes, to aid with the achievement of a more economic and robust design. The outcomes of this research are a critical literature review, highlighting issues in the previous studies; an improved understanding of the behaviour of buried concrete and PVC pipes; novel design models for buried concrete pipes; and a novel design chart for buried PVC pipes. These design models and chart could be easily used by designers for an economic and robust design of buried concrete and PVCu pipes.
21
Toni, Fernando Geremias. "Parallelized element-by-element architecture for structural analysis of flexible pipes using finite macroelements." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3152/tde-19092018-093832/.
Full textAbstract:
Flexible pipes are used in the offshore oil production to transport fluid and gas from the sea bead to the floating stations, and vice versa. These pipes have several concentric layers, of different materials, geometries and structural functions, since they are exposed to adverse operating environments, subjected to high internal and external pressures, high axial stresses and a series of dynamic loads. The local analysis is an important stage of a flexible pipe design and it consists on determining the stresses and strains distributions along the layers of the pipe. Multipurpose finite element packages are commonly used in the local analysis of flexible pipes, but they possess many limitations due to its generic nature, varying from the absence of specific tools for model creation to heavy restrictions of the number of degrees-of-freedom to make computational processing feasible. At the Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, within a research line in progress, several finite macroelements were formulated specifically for structural analysis of flexible pipes, taking into account their particularities, such as geometric patterns and layers assemblage. However, the numerical tools that implement these elements present very high memory and processing consumptions, limiting its usage for large-scale models. Therefore, this work has been motivated by memory and processing limitations of finite element structural analysis of flexible pipes for offshore applications. In this context, the Element-by-Element method, which does not require the global stiffness matrix, was chosen for its potential in memory reduction and processing capabilities, given its scalability and ease of parallelization. After an extensive literature review on numerical methods regarding the EBE method, it was chosen the Element-by-Element Diagonal Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Method (EBE-PCG) algorithm. Aiming higher computational performance, the finite macroelements formulated by (PROVASI, 2013) were converted to the C++ language, implemented and parallelized in a new analysis tool, named as PipeFEM. The diagonal preconditioned EBE-PCG algorithm was implemented and parallelized with OpenMP. The scalability of the PCG algorithm is directly influenced by the efficiency of the matrix-vector product, an operation that, in the element-by-element method, is computed in a local basis with the blocks that comprise the model, and that requires synchronization techniques when performed in parallel. Four different synchronization strategies were developed, being the one based on geometric- and mesh- based mappings the most efficient of them. Numerical experiments showed a reduction of almost 92% in the EBE-PCG solution time of the parallelized version in comparison to the sequential one. In order to compare the efficiency of PipeFEM with the well-established finite element package ANSYS, a simplified flexible pipe was modeled in both software. PipeFEM was approximately 82 times faster than ANSYS to solve the problem, spending 24.27 seconds against 33 minutes and 18 seconds. In addition to this, PipeFEM required much less memory, 61.8MB against 6.8GB in ANSYS. In comparison to the dense version of MacroFEM, a reduction of more than three orders of magnitude was achieved in memory consumption. Despite the low the rate of convergence presented by the diagonal preconditioner, the implementation is very efficient in computational terms. Therefore, the objectives of this work were fulfilled with the development and application of the EBE method, allowing a reduction of memory and simulation costs.Tubos flexíveis são utilizados na produção offshore de petróleo para o transporte de fluidos e gás natural das estruturas submersas até as estações flutuantes, e vice-versa. Estes tubos possuem diversas camadas concêntricas, de diferentes materiais, geometrias e funções estruturais, pois são expostos a ambientes adversos de operação, nos quais são submetidos à elevadas pressões internas e externas, elevados carregamentos e tensões axiais, além de uma série de carregamentos dinâmicos. A análise local é uma etapa importante do dimensionamento de um tubo flexível e consiste em determinar as distribuições de tensões e deformações ao longo das camadas do tubo. Pacotes multiuso de elementos finitos são comumente utilizados na análise local de tubos flexíveis, mas, devido as suas naturezas genéricas, possuem limitações que variam desde a ausência de ferramentas específicas para a criação de modelos até restrições pesadas no número total de graus de liberdade para tornar exequível o processo computacional. Na Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, dentro de uma linha de pesquisa em andamento, diversos macroelementos finitos foram formulados especificamente para a análise estrutural de tubos flexíveis, levando em consideração as suas particularidades, como por exemplo padrões de geometrias e de montagem de camadas. Entretanto, a ferramenta numérica que implementa esses elementos apresenta elevado consumo de memória e de processamento, o que limita o seu uso para modelos de grande escala. Portanto, este trabalho foi motivado por limitações de memória e processamento em análises estruturais com o método dos elementos finitos para tubos flexíveis de aplicações offshore. Neste contexto, o método elemento-a-elemento, caracterizado pela eliminação da matriz global de rigidez, foi escolhido devido ao seu potencial de redução de consumo de memória e às suas capacidades de processamento, dada a sua escalabilidade e facilidade de paralelização. Após uma extensa revisão bibliográfica em métodos numéricos a respeito do método EBE, foi escolhido a versão diagonalmente precondicionada do método do gradiente conjugado (EBE-PCG). Com o intuito de se obter maior performance computacional, os macroelementos finitos formulados por (PROVASI, 2013) foram convertidos para a linguagem C++, paralelizados e implementado em uma nova ferramenta de análise chamada de PipeFEM, totalmente escrita em C++ e que explora paralelismo em todos as etapas. O algoritmo EBE-PCG foi implementado e paralelizado com OpenMP. A escalabilidade do algoritmo PCG é diretamente influenciada pela eficiência do produto entre matriz e vetor, uma operação que no método elemento-a-elemento é calculada na base local com os blocos que compõem o modelo, o que requer técnicas de sincronização quando realizada de modo paralelo. Quatro diferentes estratégias de sincronização foram desenvolvidas, sendo a mais eficiente delas a que utilizada mapeamentos baseados em características da geometria e malha. Experimentos numéricos mostraram uma redução de quase 92% no tempo de simulação do algoritmo PCG da versão paralelizada em relação à sequencial. De modo a comparar a eficiência do PipeFEM com o pacote bem estabelecido de elementos finitos, ANSYS, um tubo simplificado foi modelado em ambos os programas. PipeFEM foi aproximadamente 82 vezes mais rápido do que o ANSYS, gastando 24.27 segundos contra 33 minutos e 18 segundos. Além disso, PipeFEM consumiu muito menos memória, 61.8MB contra 6.8GB in ANSYS. Em comparação com a versão densa do MacroFEM, uma redução superior a três ordens de grandeza no consum e de memória foi obtida. Assim, apesar da baixa taxa de convergência apresentada pelo precondicionador diagonal, a implementação está muito eficiente em termos computacionais. Portanto, os objetivos deste trabalho foram alcançados com o desenvolvimento e aplicação do método EBE, o que permitiu uma redução considerável dos custos de simulação e memória.
22
Shi, Yunzhu. "Comparison of the stress distribution in the metallic layers of flexible pipes using two alternative Bflex formulations." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26070.
Full textAbstract:
Axisymmetric load is the most common load acting on flexible pipe. Modelling axisymmetric load correctly is very important to estimate the strength of a flexible pipe. The purpose of the thesis is to compare the stress distribution in metallic layers under three load case, i.e. tension, internal pressure and external pressure. Literature study and discussion to mechanical properties of flexible pipe and finite element modelling method are included in the thesis. The modelling program is BFLEX program. Models for three flexible pipes are built in BFLEX for 6inch pipe, 8inch pipe and 16inch pipe. Different element models are applied to model metallic layers. Element PIPE52 are used to model all metallic layers for ITCODE31 model. For ITCODE0 model, element PIPE52 are used to model carcass and pressure armour; element HSHEAR352 is used to model helical tensile layer. For full FE model, carcass and pressure armour are modelled by element HSHEAR363 and tensile layer is modelled by element HSHEAR353. For ITCODE31 and ITCODE0 models, the computing stress is taken from local model after BPOST. For full FE model, the stress is from global model directly. Moreover, analytical solution is found to estimate the modelling performance.
23
Borges, Marcelo Favaro. "Correlação numérica-experimental da redução da vida em fadiga de dutos flexíveis operando com anular alagado na presença de CO2." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172110.
Full textAbstract:
A exploração de petróleo em alto mar traz consigo desafios crescentes com o aumento da lâmina d’água e do grau de agressividade dos contaminantes presentes no fluido produzido. Sendo a produção no País majoritariamente escoada do poço para as unidades de produção por dutos flexíveis, faz-se necessária a realização de estudos aprofundados da influência destas condições na vida em fadiga destes equipamentos. Tais condições quando associadas ao alagamento da região anular dos dutos flexíveis, pode favorecer a corrosão das armaduras de tração, responsáveis por conferir resistência axial ao duto. Este fato compromete a integridade da estrutura, levando a operação à uma condição não segura. Com o intuito de elevar o grau de conhecimento sobre estes mecanismos de degradação, o presente estudo tem por objetivo estabelecer uma relação entre os parâmetros construtivos e operacionais destes dutos, com o seu desempenho em campo frente a carregamentos cíclicos e na condição de anular alagado Para tal, tendo como base a literatura disponível no tema, foram selecionados parâmetros de estudo para, a partir destes, determinar fatores de redução de vida em fadiga (FRVFs). Estes fatores foram quantificados e estudados através de correlações numéricas e experimentais, sendo validadas através da realização de um ensaio em escala real de um duto flexível com anular alagado com água do mar sintética saturada com dióxido de carbono. Como resultados foram obtidos fatores de redução de vida em fadiga para as condições estudadas. Ainda, foi estabelecida uma metodologia para a determinação destes e sua utilização para o cálculo do dano acumulado de fadiga nestes dutos.Offshore oil exploration involves growing challenges as water depth increases and aggressive oil contaminants are present in production fluid. As Brazilian production is conducted from the well to the production units mostly through flexible pipes, studies regarding the influence of this conditions on fatigue life of these structures are necessary. When the annulus is flooded with seawater the above conditions turns the environment corrosive for tensile armor wires, that are responsible to provide axial strength to the pipe. This fact compromises the integrity of the structure as a whole turning the operation unsafe. To increase the knowledge regarding these degradation mechanisms this study aims to stablish a relationship between constructive and operational parameters with field performance considering dynamic loadings and flooded annulus conditions. For such, using the literature data available it was selected some relevant parameters and from these it was determined fatigue life reduction factors (FRVFs). The FRVF was quantified and studied using numeric and experimental relations and validated through a full scale fatigue test in flooded annulus condition with synthetic seawater saturated with CO2. As a result, it was obtained the FRFV to explored conditions. Even more, it was stablished a methodology for its determination and applicability for calculation of cumulative fatigue damage in flexible pipes.
24
Elshesheny, Ahmed. "Dynamic soil-structure interaction of reinforced concrete buried structures under the effect of dynamic loads using soil reinforcement new technologies. Soil-structure interaction of buried rigid and flexible pipes under geogrid-reinforced soil subjected to cyclic loads." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18312.
Full textAbstract:
Recent developments in constructions have heightened the need for protecting existing buried infrastructure. New roads and buildings may be constructed over already existing buried infrastructures e.g. buried utility pipes, leading to excessive loads threatening their stability and longevity. Additionally applied loads over water mains led to catastrophic damage, which result in severe damage to the infrastructure surrounding these mains. Therefore, providing protection to these existing buried infrastructure against increased loads due to new constructions is important and necessary.
In this research, a solution was proposed and assessed, where the protection concept would be achieved through the inclusion process of geogrid-reinforcing layers in the soil cover above the buried infrastructure. The controlling parameters for the inclusion of geogrid-reinforcing layers was assessed experimentally and numerically. Twenty-three laboratory tests were conducted on buried flexible and rigid pipes under unreinforced and geogrid-reinforced sand beds. All the investigated systems were subjected to incrementally increasing cyclic loading, where the contribution of varying the burial depth of the pipe and the number of the geogrid-reinforcing layers on the overall behaviour of the systems was investigated. To further investigate the contribution of the controlling parameters in the pipe-soil systems performance, thirty-five numerical models were performed using Abaqus software. The contribution of increasing the amplitude of the applied cyclic loading, the number of the geogrid-reinforcing layers, the burial depth of the pipe and the unit-weight of the backfill soil was investigated numerically.
The inclusion of the geogrid-reinforcing layers in the investigated pipe-soil systems had a significant influence on decreasing the transferred pressure to the crown of the pipe, generated strains along its crown, invert and spring-line, and its deformation, where reinforcing-layers sustained tensile strains. Concerning rigid pipes, the inclusion of the reinforcing-layers controlled the rebound that occurred in their invert deformation. With respect to the numerical investigation, increasing the number of the reinforcing-layers, the burial depth of the pipe and the unit-weight of the backfill soil had positive effect in decreasing the generated deformations, stresses and strains in the system, until reaching an optimum value for each parameter. Increasing the amplitude of the applied loading profile resulted in remarkable increase in the deformations, stresses and strains generated in the system. Moreover, the location of the maximum tensile strain generated in the soil was varied, as well as the reinforcing-layer, which suffered the maximum tensile strain.Government of Egypt
25
Salles, Rafael. "Experimental analysis of fluid-structure interaction phenomena on a vertical flexible cylinder: modal coeficients and parametric resonance." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3152/tde-25082016-085120/.
Full textAbstract:
Oil and gas exploitation in deep waters has become more than just a profit business to be a daily necessity, since the world energy matrix is based on fossil components. Risers are offshore structures that are intimately linked with oil and gas exploitation and those are subjected to a great variety of effects in field, e.g., marine currents, Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV), heave motion caused by gravitational waves, non-linear contact with the sea floor, and many others. Riser dynamics is essentially non-linear and experimental tests in real scale are almost impossible due to a great variety of control parameters acting concomitantly. Small-scale models are a better experimental approach. Nevertheless, there are many structural and hydrodynamical parameters to be evaluated. Considering only vertical risers in the present work, Galerkin\'s modal decomposition is used in order to reduce the dynamics of a vertical flexible cylinder to a few linear modes in which the majority of energy and information are contained. From the modal analysis, added mass and structural parameters damping of a vertical flexible cylinder using data obtained from free-decay tests performed both in water and in air are evaluated. Finally, a modal Mathieu-Hill oscillator with non-linear damping is constructed and, based on aStrutt diagram, modal stability under parametric resonance is discussed.Exploração de óleo e gás em bacias de águas profundas tem-se tornado mais do que apenas uma economia lucrativa, para ser uma necessidade diária, já que a matriz energética mundial está baseada em componentes fósseis. Risers são estruturas offshore ligadas intimamente com a exploração de óleo e gás e essas estão sujeitas a uma grande variedade de efeitos na operação, e.g., correntes marítimas, Vibrações Induzidas por Vórtices (VIV), movimento de heave causado por ondas gravitacionais, contato não-linear com o solo marinho, entre outros. Dinâmica de risers é essencialmente não-linear e testes experimentais em escala real são praticamente impossíveis devido a uma enorme variedade de parâmetros de controle agindo concomitantemente. Modelos em escala reduzida são uma abordagem experimental mais conveniente. Não obstante, há muitos parâmetros estruturais e hidrodinâmicos a serem determinados. Considerando apenas risers verticais no trabalho presente, a decomposição modal de Galerkin é usada a fim de reduzir a dinâmica de um cilindro fléxivel vertical a alguns modos lineares em que a maior parte da energia e informação estão contidos. A partir da análise modal, parâmetros de massa adicional e amortecimento estrutural de um cilindro flexível vertical são obtidos usando testes de decaimento livre conduzidos na água e no ar. Finalmente, um oscilador modal de Mathieu-Hill com amortecimento não-linear é proposto e, baseado em um diagrama de Strutt, a estabilidade modal sob excitação de ressonânica paramétrica é discutida.
26
Junior, Roberto Ramos. "Modelos analíticos no estudo do comportamento estrutural de tubos flexíveis e cabos umbilicais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3132/tde-23022016-090447/.
Full textAbstract:
Tubos flexíveis e cabos umbilicais têm sido bastante utilizados pela indústria petrolífera em aplicações offshore nos últimos anos. Os primeiros consistem num tipo de tubulação usada para o transporte de vários tipos de fluidos, geralmente trabalhando a alta pressão. Já os cabos umbilicais são usados para permitir o controle e a comunicação entre equipamentos submersos e de superfície. Quanto à concepção estrutural, os dois tipos de produto são muito semelhantes, apresentando diversas camadas metálicas combinadas com camadas plásticas concêntricas de modo a formar uma estrutura com grande rigidez axial e torcional, porém baixa rigidez flexional. O escopo deste trabalho é o estudo de modelos analíticos para a previsão do comportamento estrutural de tubos flexíveis e cabos umbilicais. Inicialmente são propostos modelos para a análise local destas estruturas, sob a ação de carregamentos de tração, torção, pressão interna, externa e flexão, agindo isoladamente ou combinados. São propostos modelos analíticos consistentes para cada camada, resultando num sistema de equações algébricas que, ao ser resolvido, fornece os valores de tensões e deformações nas diversas camadas, bem como os valores de rigidez equivalente axial, flexional e torcional do tubo/cabo. São feitas várias comparações entre os resultados obtidos analiticamente e resultados experimentais obtidos na literatura para diversos tubos e cabos. A importância dos modelos desenvolvidos fica evidente numa análise do comportamento global para a previsão de instabilidade de linhas sob carregamento combinado de torção e compressão dinâmica. Através de uma análise consistente, mostra-se que a clássica equação de Greenhill também pode ser utilizada para a determinação das cargas críticas de flambagem em barras curvas de grande comprimento, sendo o comprimento de flambagem da barra estimado a partir da relação de dispersão de onda flexional numa viga reta. Vários exemplos de determinação da carga crítica de flambagem são abordados, envolvendo tanto risers rígidos quanto flexíveis. Uma atenção especial ao estabelecimento e discussão de hipóteses é dada em todos os modelos propostos.Flexible pipes and umbilical cables have been largely used by the oil industry in offshore applications in these last years. The former are a kind of pipeline structure used for conducting several fluids, often working at high pressure, while the latter are cables used to provide control and communication links between seafloor and surface equipments. Regarding their structural design, both flexible pipes and umbilicals are quite similar, presenting a number of steel armour layers combined with polymeric layers disposed in such a way to form a structure which is stiff under torsion and traction, but compliant under bending. The aim of this work is the study of analytical models to predict the structural behaviour of flexible pipes and umbilicals. At first, local analysis of such structures is undertaken, considering combined loadings of traction, torsion, internal and external pressures and bending. Consistent analytical models, proposed for each layer, are then combined to result in a system of algebraic equations that is solved for the stresses and deformations in the layers. Equivalent axial, torsional and flexural stiffness values for the pipe/umbilical are also obtained. Several comparisons between analytical results and experimental results obtained in the literature are also made, involving both flexible pipes and umbilicals. The importance of the developed models is highlighted in an analysis of the global structural behaviour made to predict the instability condition of flexible lines under the action of dynamic compression and twisting moment. Through a consistent analysis, it is shown that the classical Greenhill formula can also be used to determine critical buckling loads for long curved rods. In this case, an estimate for the buckling lenght is given by the flexural wave dispersion relation of a straight beam. Several examples, involving both SCRs and flexible pipes, illustrate the method of critical buckling load determination. Emphasis is also given in the establishment and discussion of hypotheses for all proposed models.
27
Garcez, Leonardo Riccioppo. "Investigação de métodos geradores de malhas aplicados a geometrias típicas das seções transversais de cabos umbilicais e tubos flexíveis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3152/tde-10082017-142845/.
Full textAbstract:
Os métodos de geração de malhas são essenciais para simulações numéricas de engenharia. Simulações estruturais pelo método dos elementos finitos (MEF) dependem diretamente das malhas que representam as geometrias às quais são impostos os carregamentos e parte importante da precisão dos cálculos é devida à qualidade da malha. Há uma vasta variedade de métodos e algoritmos para gerar malhas computacionais direcionadas à aplicação do MEF, mas nem todos abrangem geometrias genéricas ou irregulares. Figuras irregulares com regiões curvas e vazios internos requerem o uso de algoritmos específicos, ou genéricos o suficiente, de modo que sejam capazes de processar suas particularidades geométricas, gerando elementos de boa qualidade. Este trabalho propõe uma investigação dos métodos geradores de malhas que tratem as geometrias frequentemente apresentadas nas seções transversais dos componentes dos cabos umbilicais e tubos flexíveis, selecionando criteriosamente aquele que mais se adapte às necessidades geradas pela aplicação do MEF nestas geometrias. Foi realizada uma breve revisão do estado da arte dos métodos geradores de malhas bidimensionais partindo das revisões já publicadas e de artigos explicando versões de algoritmos, seguindo os trabalhos encontrados na literatura. São formulados os critérios de seleção de métodos geradores de malha e de trabalhos encontrados baseando-se nas características. Ao final, o Método de Pavimentação foi selecionado e, a partir de sua implementação computacional, foi desenvolvido o GreenMesh, um programa de computador gerador de malhas utilizando figuras dadas como entrada. Foram geradas várias malhas a partir das geometrias típicas dos equipamentos aqui focados e com isso foi verificado o uso do algoritmo para este fim.Computational mesh generation methods are essential for engineering numerical simulation. Structural simulations by the finite element method (FEM) rely straightly of meshes that represent the geometries on which the loads are imposed. They are very important for the calculus precision because the mesh quality influences the results. There is a vast variety of computational mesh generation methods and algorithms aimed to FEM analysis, but not all handles generic and irregular geometries. Irregular figures formed by curved regions and internal void requires the use of specific algorithms, or sufficiently generic, in a way that they can process geometric particularities, generating good quality elements. This work proposes an investigation of mesh generation methods that handle frequently presented geometries in cross sections of umbilical cable and flexible pipes internal components, selecting judiciously the method that best suits the necessities generated by the application of FEM analysis on theses geometries. A brief survey about the state of the art of bidimensional mesh generation methods was performed, starting from already published reviews and from articles explaining versions of algorithms, accordingly to the material found in the literature. Finally, the Paving Method has been selected and, starting from its computational implementation, it has been developed GreenMesh, a computer program to generate meshes using given figures as input. It has been generated many meshes from typical geometries of the aimed equipments and that verified the use of the algorithm to this purpose.
28
Neto, Alfredo Gay. "Estabilidade estrutural da configuração estática de risers em catenária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3152/tde-15072013-163230/.
Full textAbstract:
Risers em configuração de catenária podem apresentar nível de tração muito baixo próximos ao fundo do mar. Isso pode ocorrer em algumas condições de lançamento, em que sua estrutura pode se configurar de forma quase vertical. Quando se trata de tubos flexíveis ou cabos umbilicais, a composição interna do riser contém armaduras helicoidais de tração. Essas podem induzir a ocorrência de giro axial quando o tubo é solicitado à tração. Se esse movimento não for permitido, surgirá um momento de torção na estrutura. O baixo nível de tração da configuração de catenária combinado com o momento de torção surgido durante o lançamento do riser pode levar a uma forma de instabilidade estrutural que culmina na formação de um laço. Isso é indesejável uma vez que, se existe o laço, dependendo dos esforços submetidos à linha, é possível que o laço se transforme em uma dobra, danificando a estrutura. O presente trabalho analisa as condições de formação de laços em configurações de catenária. Para isso, foram utilizados critérios de estabilidade aplicados a um modelo de elementos finitos, que leva em conta as não linearidades geométrica e de contato entre o riser e o solo. Foi utilizada uma formulação cinematicamente exata de elemento de viga através de uma descrição lagrangiana atualizada, que pode tratar de forma correta as grandes rotações que são impostas ao riser para induzir o surgimento do momento de torção. É mostrado que uma expressão analítica baseada na Fórmula de Greenhill pode prever o fenômeno com boa concordância com os resultados numéricos, mesmo considerando-se fenômenos como contato unilateral com atrito e correntezas marítimas. Além disso, foi feita uma análise paramétrica para prever a formação do laço para diversas geometrias de catenária, procurando generalizar as conclusões obtidas.Catenary risers can show a very low tension level close to the seabed. This can occur in some launching conditions, in which the structure can be almost vertical. When dealing with flexible pipes or umbilical cables, their internal composition includes the helical tension armors. These can induce an axial rotation to the riser when it is tensioned. If this movement is constrained, a torsion moment will act upon the structure. The low tension level present in the catenary configuration combined with the torsion moment that occurs during the riser launching can lead to a structural instability, resulting in a loop formation. This is undesirable since, if the loop is present, depending on the loads applied to the riser it is possible that it turns into a kink, causing damage. The present work analyzes the loop formation conditions in catenary riser. For that, stability criteria were applied to a finite element model that takes into account the geometric nonlinearities and also the contact between the riser and the seabed. A kinematically-exact beam formulation was adopted, dealing correctly with the large rotations that are imposed to the riser, in order to induce the torsion moment. It is showed that an analytical expression based on Greenhills formula can predict the phenomenon with a good agreement with numerical results, even including phenomena as frictional unilateral contact and sea currents. Furthermore, a parametric analysis was done to predict the loop formation to some catenary geometries, in order to generalize the obtained conclusions.
29
Andreolli, Ivanilto. "Estabilidade linear aplicada ao escoamento multifásico de petróleo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3150/tde-16072018-091052/.
Full textAbstract:
Neste trabalho, é apresentada uma análise de estabilidade linear para um sistema flowline-riser. O modelo utiliza as equações de continuidade para as fases líquidas e gasosas e uma equação de momento para a mistura onde são considerados os efeitos de atrito. A mistura água-óleo é modelada de forma homogênea. Para a determinação da fração de vazio, adota-se o modelo de fluxo de deriva, baseado em várias correlações drift. Se o escoamento é estratificado a fração de vazio é modelada através do modelo de equilíbrio local de Taitel e Dukler (1976). Para a caracterização dos fluidos é adotado um modelo de equilíbrio de fase black-oil onde a transferência de massa é considerada entre as correntes óleo e gás em função das condições locais de pressão e temperatura. É considerada a abordagem de parâmetros distribuídos, onde diversas geometrias com discretização variável podem ser consideradas tais como riser em catenária e riser lazy wave. Para realizar a análise de estabilidade linear, as equações do modelo são linearizadas em torno do estado estacionário e discretizadas pelo método das diferenças finitas, onde foi utilizado um programa escrito em Matlab. A partir do sistema linearizado, é avaliada a estabilidade do estado estacionário pelas raízes do polinômio característico, que são solução do problema de autovalores e autovetores. É avaliada a convergência numérica do modelo e mapas de estabilidade são apresentados para vários sistemas de produção de petróleo. Os resultados obtidos numericamente são comparados com pontos operacionais de sistemas reais de produção de petróleo. Observou-se que o modelo convergiu para todos os casos avaliados e apresentou ótima concordância com os dados de campo.This work presents a linear stability analysis for a flowline-riser system. The model considers continuity equations for the liquid and gas phases, and a momentum equation for the mixture that accounts for friction effects. The water-oil mixture is modeled as being homogeneous. The void fraction is determined by using the drift-flux model based on several drift correlations. For stratified flow, the void fraction is expressed by the local equilibrium model of Taitel and Dukler (1976). Fluid characterization uses a black-oil model that considers mass transfer between the oil and gas flows as a function of the local pressure and temperature conditions. In the proposed approach with distributed parameters, several geometries with variable discretization can be considered, such as catenary and lazy wave risers. To perform the linear stability analysis, the equations of the model are linearized around the stationary state and discretized using the finite difference method, implemented using custom-written code in Matlab. From the linearized system, the stability of the steady state is evaluated by computing the roots of the characteristic polynomial equation of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors problem. Convergence of the numerical model is evaluated and stability maps for several oil production systems were presented. Numerical results were compared with the actual measurements of oil production systems. The model converged in all cases tested and presented an excellent agreement with field data.
30
Coser, Tiago Brun. "Avaliação de revestimento protetor de alumínio aplicado a arames da armadura de tração de dutos flexíveis." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/149824.
Full textAbstract:
As recentes descobertas na camada pré-sal da costa brasileira geraram uma série de oportunidades e desafios tecnológicos que deverão ser enfrentados para se garantir o sucesso da exploração e produção de petróleo offshore em águas profundas e ultra-profundas. A alta presença de gás carbônico (CO2) e de gás sulfídrico (H2S) encontrada nas jazidas produzem potenciais efeitos de corrosão e fragilização nos componentes de aço utilizados em sistemas submarinos de produção de petróleo, dentre eles os dutos flexíveis. Esses dutos são submetidos à elevadas cargas geradas devido à lâmina da água profunda, sendo os arames da armadura de tração extremamente solicitados por sustentar os carregamentos. Tradicionalmente, arames da armadura de tração de dutos que irão operar em ambientes contendo H2S (sour) apresentam limite de resistência à tração máximo de 850 MPa, enquanto para ambientes onde esse gás não está presente (sweet), os limites de resistência são consideravelmente maiores podendo chegar a 1400 MPa. Amostras de arames da armadura de tração com limite de resistência à tração de 1400 MPa foram revestidas com alumínio através do processo de aspersão térmica a arco elétrico e a eficiência do revestimento em ambiente corrosivo contendo CO2 e H2S foi avaliada. Essa avaliação envolveu ensaios mecânicos e de caracterização, como medições da rugosidade superficial, análise da porosidade do revestimento, ensaios de dobramento, avaliação da susceptibilidade ao trincamento induzido por hidrogênio e sulfeto, ensaios de fadiga ao ar e corrosão-fadiga. Foi observado que o grau de porosidade do revestimento variou entre 5 e 10% e que a rugosidade superficial do substrato aumentou devido ao jateamento prévio ao processo de revestimento. Esse fato mostrou ser uma das causas principais para a deterioração da vida em fadiga ao ar dos arames revestidos quando comparados com arames sem revestimento, sendo comprovado através de análise por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. Entretanto, para ensaios de corrosão-fadiga em ambiente contendo CO2 e H2S, o desempenho de arames revestidos mostrou-se notadamente superior, onde o acabamento superficial do substrato teve importância secundária. Através de ensaios de dobramento, foi possível verificar a alta capacidade do revestimento em suportar extensa deformação plástica. Através dos ensaios estáticos para se avaliar a susceptibilidade ao trincamento por hidrogênio e sulfeto foi possível verificar uma considerável corrosão da superfície de arames não revestidos devido ao ambiente agressivo. Ademais, uma trinca induzida por hidrogênio foi identificada em uma das amostras de arame sem revestimento, enquanto as amostras revestidas não apresentaram sinal de degradação nem trincamento.Recent discoveries in Brazil pre-salt layer generated a series of technological opportunities and challenges that must be met to ensure the success of offshore oil exploration and production in deep and ultra-deepwater. The presence of high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and eventually hydrogen sulfide (H2S) found in the deposits, produce potential corrosion effects and embrittlement of steel components of subsea systems used in petroleum production, including flexible pipes. These equipments are subjected to high loads generated by deep water condition where tensile armor wires are extremely required for sustaining the loads. Traditionally, armor wires that will operate in environments containing H2S (sour) have maximum tensile strength of 850 MPa, while for environments where this gas is not present (sweet), the tensile strength is considerably larger reaching up to 1400 MPa. Armor wire samples with tensile strength of 1400 MPa were coated with pure aluminum by thermal arc spray process and the effectiveness of the coating in corrosive environment containing CO2 and H2S was evaluated. This evaluation included mechanical and characterization tests, such as surface roughness measurements, coating porosity analysis, bending tests, evaluation of susceptibility to cracking induced by hydrogen and sulfide and fatigue test in air and in corrosive environments. It was found that the coating porosity ranged between 5 and 10% and the substrate roughness increased due to grit blasting prior to the coating process. This fact proved to be one of the main causes for the deterioration of the fatigue life in air of the coated wires when compared with uncoated wires, being proven through analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy. However, for corrosion fatigue tests in an environment containing CO2 and H2S, the performance of coated wires was found to be markedly higher, where the integrity of the substrate surface had secondary importance. Through bending tests, it was found the high capacity of the coating to support extensive plastic deformation. Static tests to evaluate the susceptibility to cracking by hydrogen and sulfides showed that uncoated armor wire surface corroded considerably due to the aggressive environment. In addition, a crack induced by hydrogen was identified in one of uncoated wire samples, while the coated samples showed no sign of degradation or cracking.
31
Malta, Eduardo Ribeiro. "Investigação do comportamento estrutural de tubos flexíveis sob cargas compressivas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3135/tde-27092016-150106/.
Full textAbstract:
Os tubos flexíveis são amplamente utilizados na produção de petróleo offshore, para transporte de petróleo bruto, óleo e gás natural. Pelo fato de operarem em um ambiente muito agressivo e estarem sujeitos a diversos tipos de carregamentos como pressão interna, pressões externas, tração, compressão, flexão e torção, eles possuem uma estrutura bastante complexa composta por diversas camadas concêntricas, com finalidades estruturais diversas, que interagem entre si. Em termos de carregamento, a compressão, em especial, seja ela dinâmica ou estática representa um problema para estes tubos. Embora eles sejam projetados para suportar altas cargas de tração, por meio de armaduras metálicas helicoidais, têm resistência limitada para cargas de compressão. A presença de tais esforços pode causar falhas por instabilidade radial das armaduras de tração. Este modo de falha, conhecido há mais de duas décadas, é denominado birdcaging, devido à forma característica assumida pelas armaduras. Além dessa instabilidade radial, as armaduras podem sofrer uma instabilidade lateral, a qual é igualmente catastrófica para os tubos flexíveis. Este trabalho consiste em uma investigação destes modos de falha com base em modelos numéricos, usando o Método dos Elementos Finitos. Com tais ferramentas, objetiva-se estudar a mecânica dos fenômenos de instabilidade de armadura de tração, juntamente com os efeitos causados pela alteração de parâmetros construtivos e ambientais nestes modos de falha.Flexible pipes are widely employed in offshore oil production. Their functions include transporting of crude oil, natural gas, chemicals and water injection. Since they operate in aggressive environments and are subjected to loads such as internal and external pressure, tension, compression, bending and torsion, these pipes are built with a complex multilayered structure. In terms of loading, compression, specially, dynamic or static, present a problem to these pipes. Their tensile armor layers are particularly designed to withstand high levels of tension, but not for compression. The presence of such loads may cause radial instability failure on the armor layers. This failure mode, known for almost three decades, is called birdcaging, due to the peculiar shape assumed by the armor tendons at the post-buckling. Besides radial instability, the tensile armor layers may also suffer from lateral instability, which is equally catastrophic in the operation of flexible pipes. This work consists on an investigation of these failure modes based on numerical models, using the Finite Element Method. With these tools, the mechanism that governs these instability phenomena can be understood, along with the effects caused by the alteration of design and environmental parameters on the failure modes.
32
Rabelo, Marcos Alves. "Investigação sobre a instabilidade axissimétrica de tubos de polietileno de alta densidade sujeitos a compressão axial e pressurização interna e um critério de previsão do fenômeno de \'birdcaging\' em tubos flexíveis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3152/tde-26082015-102250/.
Full textAbstract:
Tubos flexíveis são estruturas complexas compostas de várias camadas metálicas e poliméricas empregados pela indústria offshore na exploração de hidrocarbonetos. O estudo do comportamento estrutural e das falhas que podem advir do lançamento e uso desses sistemas em campo é uma área vasta e fecunda da mecânica estrutural. Apesar dos progressos alcançados na análise e nos vários estudos conduzidos ao longo dos anos, no sentido de explicar o surgimento do fenômeno conhecido por birdcaging pesquisando o comportamento das camadas conhecidas como armadura de tração, pouca atenção foi direcionada ao comportamento estrutural da capa plástica externa. A presente tese contribui com os estudos do mecanismo deflagrador do birdcaging à luz do comportamento estrutural da capa plástica e apresenta um critério limite para a previsão do fenômeno. Estudos analíticos, numéricos e principalmente experimentais foram realizados em tubos de PEAD simulando a capa plástica com a finalidade de investigar a instabilidade axissimétrica desta quando sujeita a compressão axial e pressurização interna. Utilizando o modelo analítico adaptado, foi criado um diagrama de limite de instabilidade com o uso de força e pressão interna adimensionalizadas. Este diagrama, testado com simulações realizadas em elementos finitos, ensaios experimentais em tubos de PEAD, e com valores de ensaios experimentais em tubos flexíveis, oferece um critério de engenharia para a predição do fenômeno em questão.Flexible pipes are complex structures composed of several metallic and polymeric layers employed by the offshore industry in oil and gas exploration. The study of the structural behavior and failures that may arise from the laying down operations and use of these systems in the field is a vast and fruitful field of structural mechanics. Despite the progress in the analysis and several studies conducted over the years in order to explain the appearing of the birdcaging phenomenon through the research of the behavior of layers known as tensile armors, not too much attention was directed to the structural behavior of outer plastic layer. This thesis contributes with the studies of the birdcaging mechanism regarding the structural behavior of the plastic cover and presents a simple criterion to triggering the phenomenon. Analytical, numerical and mainly experimental studies were conducted with HDPE pipes simulating the outer plastic cover in order to investigate the axisymmetric instability under compressive loading and internal pressure. Using an adapted analytical model, a limit instability chart was constructed using dimensionless axial compressive load and internal pressure. This chart, tested with finite element simulations, experimental tests on HDPE pipe, and with values of experimental tests on flexible pipes, may offer an engineering criterion to predict the phenomenon in question.
33
Maranhão, Flamínio Alves Fávero. "Estudo comparativo entre modelos na análise local de tubos flexíveis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3151/tde-01112011-120346/.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo entre resultados obtidos através de um modelo analítico-numérico, um modelo em elementos finitos e resultados experimentais na análise estrutural local de tubos flexíveis utilizados na explotação de petróleo. Em particular, o modelo em elementos finitos proposto considera efeitos de não-linearidade decorrentes do contato e das forcas de atrito entre as camadas concêntricas do tubo, de forma a reproduzir curvas de histerese típicas obtidas em ensaios em escala real. Tais curvas não podem ser obtidas pelos modelos simplificados tradicionais, de maneira que sua obtenção por modelos em elementos finitos traz novas informações sobre o comportamento estrutural dos dutos Tomando como base e elemento motivacional os resultados de ensaios experimentais de um tubo flexível de 2,5, realizados no Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas de São Paulo, são estudados um modelo analítico e um modelo em elementos finitos, ambos representando o tubo ensaiado experimentalmente, de maneira a apontar, de forma qualitativa e quantitativa, quais são os pontos fortes e fracos de cada abordagem. O modelo analítico-numérico simplificado, obtido de um campo de deslocamentos compatível com os carregamentos axissimétricos aplicados e de um conjunto de equações que envolvem equilíbrio de forcas e equações constitutivas lineares, é capaz de fornecer rapidamente valores aproximados para a rigidez axial do conjunto, bem como uma estimativa das tensões médias atuantes em cada uma das camadas que compõem o tubo flexível, considerando ainda a possibilidade de afastamento entre as camadas. O modelo em elementos finitos é composto somente por elementos sólidos e considera a presença de atrito entre as camadas. As simulações não lineares, executadas pelo MSC.Marc, permitiram recuperar as curvas de histerese para os vários casos estudados, bem como a distribuição de tensões ao longo do comprimento e da seção transversal dos tendões.This work presents a comparative study among an analytical-numerical model, a finite element model and experimental results related to the local structural analysis of flexible risers used in oil exploitation. In particular, the proposed finite element model considers nonlinearity effects caused by the contact and frictional forces between the concentric layers of the riser so that typical hysteresis curves obtained in full scale experiments could be reproduced. These curves can not be obtained by traditional simplified models, so that their reproduction by finite element models brings new information about the local structural behavior of risers. Based on and motivated by the results of experiments of a 2.5 flexible riser carried out at IPT, the São Paulo Technological Research Institute, an analytical model and a finite element model a are proposed, both of them representing the flexible riser tested experimentally, in order to point out, in a qualitative and quantitative way, the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. The simplified analytical-numerical model, obtained from a displacement field, consistent with the axisymmetric loads applied to the pipe, and from a set of equations involving equilibrium and linear constitutive equations, is able to quickly provide approximate values for the riser equivalent axial stiffness, as well as estimates for the average stresses acting in each of the layers that make up the flexible riser. Besides, the possibility of gap formation between the layers is also considered. The finite element model is composed entirely of solid elements and considers the presence of friction between the layers. The nonlinear simulations, using the MSC.Marc finite element package, allowed the reproduction of hysteresis curves for the several studied cases, as well as the stresses distribution along the length and cross section of the armour layers.
34
Li, Henan. "Flexible Pipe Stress and Fatigue Analysis." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18646.
Full textAbstract:
Fatigue is an important character for the flexible pipes as they are always exposed to dynamic loading. For nonbonded flexible pipes, fatigue and stress analysis can be performed based on different assumptions of slip behaviour. Different slip assumptions used in estimating the slip stress always play a determinative role in the prediction of fatigue damage. Thus, this thesis will focus on the study of the slip behaviour between tensile armour layers of nonbonded flexible pipes. The results can be used to support the basic assumptions for further fatigue analysis. The main object of this thesis is to summarize the existing analytical methods for stress and slip analysis of nonbonded flexible pipe armouring layers and to verify that the improved finite element models can give adequate description of the flexible pipe slip behaviour.In previous version of BFLEX, the transverse slip effect for nonbonded flexible pipes has been neglected. In this thesis, transverse slip regime has been activated in the updated BFLEX by developing a new type of beam element hshear353 and a new type of contact element hcont453. Finite element models use these two elements have been made and several case studies have been carried out.For axisymmetric loading, two analytical solutions, one obtained from the equations by Witz&Tan[13], one from Sævik[2] have been compared with the result from numerical simulation. It has been found that Sævik’s solution matches better with the BFLEX solution comparing to Witz&Tan’s solution. For flexible pipes exposed to bending, influences on slip behaviour from several pipe parameters, namely friction coefficient, axial strain and global pipe curvature, have been investigated. The numerical results are also compared with analytical solutions obtained from Sævik[2]. It has been found that the numerical solutions can give excellent agreement with analytical solutions. It is further concluded that the outer tensile armour layer do not influence much on the inner layer slip behaviour.In addition, the cyclic bending effects on nonbonded flexible pipes have been investigated. It has been found that the tendon behaves differently from case to case. The inner and outer layers behave differently. Only a few cases have been studied for this problem due to time limitation. The overall conclusion is that the developed BFLEX model is capable of describing the stresses and local displacements of flexible pipe for simple cases. The developed numerical model can further be used in the study of fatigue in flexible risers. However, more studies on influence from multi-tensile layers and cyclic bending are needed in the future.
35
Moraes, Monique Alves Franco de. "Desenvolvimento de metodologias de avaliação e monitoramento do desgaste no par tribológico RISER/ENRIJECEDOR." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2013. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/14937.
Full textAbstract:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoIn this work, methodologies to evaluate the wear of flexible riser pipe and bend stiffener samples were developed. In order to achieve this goal, a three coordinate measuring machine (3CMM) was used to evaluate the wear rates of samples tested in in a large-scale tribometer. Additionally, the events that occur during the sliding wear of these samples were correlated with vibration signals from the tribometer structure. The first methodology was applied to estimate the linear wear of riser samples of the polyamide outer coating that was based on the thickness reduction during the test. The second methodology was designed to estimate the volumetric wear loss of the bendstiffener samples. To evaluate the thickness loss of the riser samples, the Calypso® software was used to define the alignment and to determine and execute the measurement strategy. In order to assess the bend-stiffener volume, the same software was used to define the system alignment. The Dimension Volume® software was used to define and to perform the measurement strategy. The sample volume was calculated using a specially designed program that was developed in Matlab®. In order to analyze the vibrations during the wear test, a routine of data acquisition, monitoring and storage of vibration signals in Labview® software was developed and implemented. The results showed that the developed methodology to quantify the riser thickness loss using a 3CMM is viable and efficient in measuring the wear process of this tribosystem. It was also found that the developed program using Matlab® was an effective tool to evaluate the volumetric losses of bend-stiffeners samples. The measurement strategy using a mesh spacing of 1 mm x 1 mm was considered the most adequate to estimate the volume of a bend-stiffener sample accurately and with the least possible amount of points. Furthermore, it was observed a vibration peak located at 16.71 Hz, that should be related to the wear process.
Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidas e aplicadas duas metodologias para quantificar o desgaste em amostras de risers e enrijecedores utilizando uma máquina de medir a três coordenadas (MM3C). Tais amostras foram testadas em um tribômetro capaz de realizar ensaios de desgaste por deslizamento em escala real. Adicionalmente, foram correlacionados os eventos que ocorrem durante o processo de desgaste destas amostras com as vibrações na estrutura do tribômetro. A primeira metodologia foi aplicada na estimativa do desgaste linear em amostras de risers, com base na variação de espessura, enquanto que a segunda foi destinada à estimativa do desgaste volumétrico em amostras de enrijecedores, tendo por base a perda de volume das mesmas. Para avaliar a perda de espessura nas amostras de riser foi utilizado o software Calypso® na definição do alinhamento e na determinação e execução da estratégia de medição. Já na avaliação do volume das amostras de enrijecedores, foi utilizado o mesmo software na definição do alinhamento. O software Dimension Volume® foi empregado na definição e execução da estratégia de medição, e, para calcular o volume destas amostras, foi elaborado e utilizado um programa em Matlab®. Com o intuito de analisar as vibrações durante o ensaio de desgaste, foi desenvolvida e implementada uma rotina de aquisição, monitoramento e salvamento dos sinais de vibrações no software Labview®. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a metodologia desenvolvida para quantificação da perda de espessura de risers usando uma MM3C é uma técnica viável e eficiente. Constatou-se, também, que o programa desenvolvido em Matlab® foi uma ferramenta eficaz na avaliação volumétrica das amostras de enrijecedores. A estratégia de medição com malha 1 mm x 1 mm foi considerada a mais adequada para estimar o volume de uma amostra de enrijecedor, com precisão e com a menor quantidade de pontos possível. Além disso, verificou-se que o pico da amplitude vibratória esteve localizado em 16,71 Hz, que deve estar relacionado ao processo de desgaste.
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
36
Kebadze, Elizbar. "Theoretical modelling of unbonded flexible pipe cross-sections." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326762.
Full text
37
Ryan, M. S. "The dynamic analysis of flexible riser systems." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3670.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to provide a design tool
for the engineering analysis of the dynamics of a flexible
riser system. The design tool is piovided in the form of a
computer program.
The two main requirements of such a program are
that it is realistic and practical to use. The necessary
theory is developed to allow these requirements to be
satisfied.
To ensure accuracy checks are made against model
tests and known analytical solutions.
How the computer program may be used is shown by
analysing a particular riser configuration.
38
Kim, David Donghyun. "Flexible in-pipe leak detection sensor module design and fabrication." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101541.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 83-84).
Recent pipe bursts and explosions have caused not only financial losses but also a threat to public safety. Due to the recent incidents, governments have imposed strict laws with an increase in inspection regulation requirements. Large size networks make manual inspection of an entire complex system almost impossible. The need for autonomous automatic inspection systems is evident. A robust autonomous in-pipe leak detection robot was developed and reported in [1-5]. The developed system is able to accurately detect leaks in both pressurized gas and water pipes. This however was limited to 101.6mm (4in) internal diameter pipes. In practice, fouling of water pipes makes the internal pipe surface irregular. This thesis presents an analysis, design and experimental evaluation of a flexible detection system for pipes with large inner pipe diameter variation (80mm to 120mm). The system performance is evaluated through simulations and experiments. Experimental results show that the flexible sensor can detect leaks in pipes with simulated limescale. In addition, experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of detector shift from the pipe centerline along with the effective area coverage of the leak by the sensor. The results show robust performance under large variations.
by David Donghyun Kim.
S.M.
39
Loverich, James S. "Life Prediction of Composite Armor in an Unbonded Flexible Pipe." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35873.
Full textAbstract:
Composite materials are under consideration for the replacement of steel helical tendons in unbonded flexible pipes utilized by the offshore oil industry. Higher strength to weight ratios and increased corrosion resistance are the primary advantages of a composite material for this application. The current study focuses on the life prediction of a PPS/AS-4 carbon fiber composite proposed for the above employment. In order to accomplish this task, the properties of the material were experimentally characterized at varying temperatures, aging times and loadings. An analytic technique was developed to predict tensile rupture behavior from bend-compression rupture data. In comparison to tensile rupture tests, bend-compression rupture data collection are uncomplicated and efficient; thus, this technique effectively simplifies and accelerates the material characterization process. The service life model for the flexible pipe composite armor was constructed with MRLife, a well established performance simulation code for material systems developed by the Materials Response Group at Virginia Tech. In order to validate MRLife for the current material, experimental data are compared to life prediction results produced by the code. MRLife was then applied to predict the life of the flexible pipe composite armor in an ocean environment. This analysis takes into account the flexible pipe structure and the environmental and mechanical loading history of an ocean service location. Several parameter studies of a flexible pipe in a hypothetical environment were conducted. These analyses highlight certain loadings and conditions which are particularly detrimental to the life of the material.Master of Science
40
Baldinelli, Michael J. V. "Analysis of the axial response of flexible piles to rapid loading." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0001/MQ42047.pdf.
Full text
41
Lim, Soon Yau. "Fundamental aspects of helical wire reinforcement for flexible pipe pressure armour." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428332.
Full text
42
Bahtui, Ali. "Development of a constitutive model to simulate unbonded flexible riser pipe elements." Thesis, Brunel University, 2008. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/3010.
Full textAbstract:
The principal objective of this investigation is to develop a constitutive model to simulate the hysteresis behaviour of unbonded flexible risers. A new constitutive model for flexible risers is proposed and a procedure for the identification of the related input parameters is developed using a multi-scale approach. The constitutive model is formulated in the framework of an Euler-Bernoulli beam model, with the addition of suitable pressure terms to the generalised stresses to account for the internal and external pressures, and therefore can be efficiently used for large-scale analyses. The developed non-linear relationship between generalised stresses and strains in the beam is based on the analogy between frictional slipping between different layers of a flexible riser and frictional slipping between micro-planes of a continuum medium in nonassociative elasto-plasticity. Hence, a linear elastic relationship is used for the initial response in which no-slip occurs; an onset-slip function is introduced to define the ‘noslip’ domain, i.e. the set of generalised stresses for which no slip occurs; a nonassociative rule with linear kinematic hardening is used to model the full-slip phase. The results of several numerical simulations for a riser of small-length, obtained with a very detailed (small-scale) non-linear finite-element model, are used to identify the parameters of the constitutive law, bridging in this way the small scale of the detailed finite-element simulations with the large scale of the beam model. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by the satisfactory agreement between the results of various detailed finite-element simulations for a short riser, subject to internal and external uniform pressures and cyclic bending and tensile loadings, with those given by the proposed constitutive law. The merit of the present constitutive law lies in the capturing of many important aspects of risers structural response, including the energy dissipation due to frictional slip between layers and the hysteretic response. This privilege allows one to accurately study the cyclic behavior of unbonded flexible risers subject to axial tension, bending moment, internal and external pressures.
43
Naito, J., Z. Y. Tan, M. Shikida, M. Hirota, and K. Sato. "Characteristics of On-Wall In-Tube Flexible Thermal Flow Sensor at Wrap Pipe Condition." IEEE, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9560.
Full text
44
Wang, Lidong. "Comparing alternative flexible pipe fatigue stress models with focus on the Bflex helix models." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26066.
Full textAbstract:
this thesis deals with the stress and slip behaviour for non-bonded flexible pipe of three different models (itcode0, itcode1 and fullfe), comparisons are made among these three models. Besides, pipes with different cross sections are analysed, namely 4 inch, 6 inch, 7.5 inch, 8 inch, and 16 inch pipe cases. In addition to the two tensile layers pipe construction for all the pipe size cases, the 7.5 inch pipe with four tensile layers case is also included. The main advantage of this thesis is the application of the new developed beam elements in Bflex2010, namely HSHEAR353, HSHEAR363 and HCONT463, implemented in the new model FullFE. For HSHEAR353 element, the transverse degrees of freedom of the helix are included, while for HSHEAR363 element, the radial degree of freedom of the plastic layer is introduced, which means that the new model FullFE simulates the most realistic situation for design and operation.
45
Al, Hasan Hisham H. "Design and analysis of a flexible tendon-driven joint for in-pipe inspection robots." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83682.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 53-54).
Leaks in water distribution pipelines result in potentially significant losses of water resources and energy. The detection of such leaks is crucial for effective water resource management. In-pipe robots equipped with sensing devices are high potential solutions for accurate, efficient, and inexpensive leak detection. This work discusses the design, prototyping, and analysis of a tendon-driven flexible robotic joint that connects the sub-modules of an in-pipe snake-like robot. A simple, robust, well-sealed, and waterproof joint design is proposed. It enables the robot to handle complex pipeline geometry as it inspects the pipeline network during active hours. The joint designed has two degrees of freedom that enable the robotic platform to maneuver in 3 dimensions regardless of its roll orientation. Experiments were conducted to obtain the mechanical properties of the flexible joint and to confirm its functionality. The results of which are presented and discussed.
by Hisham H. Al Hasan.
S.B.
46
Shah, Jigar. "Laboratory Characterization of controlled low-strength material and its application to construction of flexible pipe drainage system." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1172866182.
Full text
47
Fikru, Mahelet Getachew. "Mergers and Acquisitions with a Flexible Policy Regime: Theoretical and Empirical Analysis." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/325.
Full textAbstract:
The research examines what drives Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) using a theoretical and empirical approach. The theoretical part uses flexible optimal policies which adjust to changes in the market structure following a merger. The empirical part tests the major theoretical predictions to identify determinants of M&As in advanced economies. Chapters 1 and 2 consider M&As among firms in a pollution-intensive sector. Chapter 1 shows that identical polluting firms engage in M&As only if environmental policies are flexible. Chapter 2 shows that the flexibility of environmental policy increases the incentive to merge among heterogeneous firms. In addition, with flexible policy highly polluting firms have the highest incentive to merge than less polluting firms in a given sector. The empirical evidence suggests that the decision of manufacturing firms to engage in M&As is affected by environmental policy and firms may engage in merger deals in anticipation of a change in policy. Chapter 3 shows that with a flexible consumption tax firms in a bigger, more efficient country takeover firms in a smaller, less efficient country. The incentive to merge increases with the efficiency and market size of the host country. The empirical result obtained from 7 OECD countries shows that market size and firm efficiency play a major role in triggering international mergers.
48
Yang, John Chen. "Characterizing the Degradation of Nylon-11 and PVDF in a Flexible Oil Pipe and Cure Monitoring of Chemflake Vinylester." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626822.
Full text
49
Cornacchia, Francesco. "Theoretical and numerical models of innovative cross-sections for flexible pipelines in research and design." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textAbstract:
The thesis is focused on two different issues relative to reinforced flexible pipelines for the unbonded cases: tensile force and external pressure. Mainly, the work is carried out comparing theoretical and numerical models for what concerns reinforced flexible pipes, then the analytical models were used for parametric studies and comparison with composite - based pipelines. For the numerical simulation, the FEM software used was ABAQUS. The elevation point for the tensile load case was involving the pressure armor layer in the design of the cross-section and exploiting the plastic properties of the materials, obtaining a valid estimation for the pipe's tensile strength. While for the hydrostatic load case, the elevation point was to carry out a formulation valid for the minimum requirement for the initial ovality in terms of both radial displacements and collapse pressure.
50
FARIA, MARCUS VINICIUS COMODO LAURIA DE. "APPLICATION POTENTIAL OF AN FE-C-NI ALLOY IN FLANGED CONNECTION OF END FITTING OF FLEXIBLE PIPE UNDER CRYOGENIC CONDITIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29715@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Durante o tempo em serviço, estruturas e componentes de equipamentos podem falhar e causar acidentes. Isto geralmente conduz a danos materiais podendo, ainda, causar perda de vidas humanas e danos ambientais. Frequentemente, os eventos danosos são originários de falhas de materiais e de fabricação, sobrecargas não previstas ou outros problemas oriundos do tempo de operação ou deficiência de manutenção de um componente. Neste estudo, com base numa análise de propagação de trinca superficial submetida a carregamento, se avaliou a integridade de um flange da conexão de topo de uma linha flexível, sob condições criogênicas de operação. Quando em serviço, a falha deste conector pode ocasionar interrupções na produção, dano a equipamentos e meio ambiente, bem como fatalidades em plataformas offshore de petróleo. As linhas (dutos) flexíveis utilizadas para injetar gás CO2 nos reservatórios de petróleo no país trabalham submetidas a elevadas pressões internas (da ordem de 10.000 psi), o que aumenta o risco de falha do componente. Além disto, a selagem da conexão flangeada pode falhar e provocar um vazamento de fluido gasoso, proporcionando uma queda acentuada da temperatura local e potencializando a fratura frágil do componente. O cenário proposto para o estudo foi relacionado a possível falha na vedação do anel BX, localizado entre a conexão da linha flexível e a plataforma de petróleo. A metodologia foi dividida em duas etapas: a primeira corresponde à análise global linear elástica do conector na ausência de trincas e baseada no método de elementos finitos (MEF). Na segunda etapa da análise, se introduziu uma trinca no conector na região com os maiores níveis de tensão e onde é possível realizar ensaio por líquido penetrante. Assim, o estudo se concentrou na conexão flangeada do conector, adotando como um aço com 9 por cento de níquel em sua composição química, liga ferrosa de larga aplicação em tanques de armazenagem de GNL. Se buscou avaliar a resistência à fratura do material através da associação de condições severas de carregamento, baixas temperaturas e tamanho de trinca em flanges de dutos flexíveis, conforme critério severizado da norma API 6A. Desta maneira, se espera contribuir para que a indústria offshore de petróleo tenha mais uma opção de material para ser adotado na fabricação de conectores de topo das linhas flexíveis que trabalhem em condição criogênica.
During the time in service, structures and equipment components can fail and cause accidents. This usually leads to damage and may also cause loss of human lives and environmental damages. Often, harmful events are originated from materials and manufacturing faults, unforeseen overloads or other problems arising from the operation time or component maintenance deficiencies. In this study, based on the analysis of surface crack propagation under loading, was assessed the integrity of a top connecting flange of a flexible line operation under cryogenic conditions. When in service, the failure of this connector may cause production disruptions, damages to the equipment and the environment, as well as human fatalities on offshore oil platforms. In Brazil, flexibles lines (ducts) used to inject CO2 gas in oil reservoirs work subjected to high internal pressures (of the order of 10,000 psi), which increases the risk of a component failure. Moreover, the damaged flange may cause leakage of gaseous fluid resulting in very low local temperatures and resulting in brittle fracture enhancing of the component. The scenario proposed in this study is related to a possible seal BX ring failure which is located between the flexible line connection and the oil platform. The methodology was divided into two stages: the first corresponds to the linear elastic global analysis of the connector in the absence of cracks and based on the finite element method (FEM). In the second stage of analysis, it introduced a crack on the connector in the region with the highest stress levels and where it is possible to test for penetrant. Thus, the study focused on the flange connection connector, adopting as a steel with 9 per cent nickel in its chemical composition, ferrous alloy wide application in LNG storage tanks. He sought to evaluate the fracture resistance of the material through the combination of severe loading conditions, low temperatures and 9 cracks in flanges of flexible ducts as severe criteria standard API 6A standard. Thus, it is expected to contribute to the offshore oil industry has one more material option to be adopted in the manufacture of top connectors of the flexible lines working in cryogenic condition.