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Academic literature on the topic 'FLEXIBLE PIEZOELECTRIC'

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Published: 21 October 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "FLEXIBLE PIEZOELECTRIC"

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XU, Qi, Long GU, and Yong QIN. "Flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators." Chinese Science Bulletin 61, no. 12 (August 18, 2015): 1288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n972015-00724.

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Zhou, Lingyu. "Effective design of advanced flexible piezoelectric materials." Applied and Computational Engineering 7, no. 1 (July 21, 2023): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/7/20230431.

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Piezoelectric ceramics are relatively common materials that can convert mechanical energy and electrical energy into each other. They are widely used in our life in electroacoustic devices, communication, navigation, precision measurement and ultrasonic energy conversion. Its texture is hard and brittle, its processability is not very good, and its use is limited. If piezoelectric ceramics are made into flexible piezoelectric composites by compounding with flexible matrices to improve mechanical properties, they can be applied to wearable and flexible devices. This paper briefly introduces the basic principle of the piezoelectric effect, introduces the preparation methods of three typical flexible piezoelectric composites and their dielectric, piezoelectric and mechanical properties, introduces the recent research work and the latest scientific research achievements of relevant teams, summarizes the research progress of flexible piezoelectric materials, and provides ideas for finding flexible piezoelectric composites that have good dielectric, piezoelectric and mechanical properties.
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Sa-Gong, G., A. Safari, S. J. Jang, and R. E. Newnham. "Poling flexible piezoelectric composites." Ferroelectrics Letters Section 5, no. 5 (March 1986): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315178608202472.

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Guo, Shuaibing, Xuexin Duan, Mengying Xie, Kean Chin Aw, and Qiannan Xue. "Composites, Fabrication and Application of Polyvinylidene Fluoride for Flexible Electromechanical Devices: A Review." Micromachines 11, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11121076.

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The technological development of piezoelectric materials is crucial for developing wearable and flexible electromechanical devices. There are many inorganic materials with piezoelectric effects, such as piezoelectric ceramics, aluminum nitride and zinc oxide. They all have very high piezoelectric coefficients and large piezoelectric response ranges. The characteristics of high hardness and low tenacity make inorganic piezoelectric materials unsuitable for flexible devices that require frequent bending. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its derivatives are the most popular materials used in flexible electromechanical devices in recent years and have high flexibility, high sensitivity, high ductility and a certain piezoelectric coefficient. Owing to increasing the piezoelectric coefficient of PVDF, researchers are committed to optimizing PVDF materials and enhancing their polarity by a series of means to further improve their mechanical–electrical conversion efficiency. This paper reviews the latest PVDF-related optimization-based materials, related processing and polarization methods and the applications of these materials in, e.g., wearable functional devices, chemical sensors, biosensors and flexible actuator devices for flexible micro-electromechanical devices. We also discuss the challenges of wearable devices based on flexible piezoelectric polymer, considering where further practical applications could be.
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Banno, Hisao, Kohji Ogura, Hideo Sobue, and Kanji Ohya. "Piezoelectric and Acoustic Properties of Piezoelectric Flexible Composites." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 26, S1 (January 1, 1987): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjaps.26s1.153.

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Zhou, Yu Hua, Yu Tao Ju, and Chang Sheng Zhou. "Design of Flexible Wing with Embedded Piezoelectric Actuator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 951–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.951.

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This paper introduces a new kind of flexible wing with embedded piezoelectric actuator as framework for Micro Air Vehicles (MAV), which was fixed spar in the previous flexible wing. This made it a controllable flexible wing because the new flexible wing can not only works as previous model without control, but also can change its wing profiles in our purpose by using the embedded piezoelectric actuator when its necessary. The mathematical model of the deformation of piezoelectric actuator under control has developed. with which the structure of the flexible wing was designed. The simulation of dynamic characteristic of the flexible wing with embedded piezoelectric actuator has been done with ANSYS software.
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Choi, Sejin, Jihwan Lim, Hansol Park, and Han Seong Kim. "A Flexible Piezoelectric Device for Frequency Sensing from PVDF/SWCNT Composite Fibers." Polymers 14, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 4773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214773.

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Polymer piezoelectric devices have been widely studied as sensors, energy harvesters, and generators with flexible and simple processes. Flexible piezoelectric devices are sensitive to external stimuli and are attracting attention because of their potential and usefulness as acoustic sensors. In this regard, the frequency sensing of sound must be studied to use flexible piezoelectric devices as sensors. In this study, a flexible piezoelectric device composed of a polymer and an electrode was successfully fabricated. Polyvinylidene fluoride, the active layer of the piezoelectric device, was prepared by electrospinning, and electrodes were formed by dip−coating in a prepared single−walled carbon nanotube dispersion. The output voltage of the external sound was matched with the input frequency through a fast Fourier transform, and frequency matching was successfully performed, even with mechanical stimulation. In a high−frequency test, the piezoelectric effect and frequency domain peak started to decrease sharply at 300 Hz, and the limit of the piezoelectric effect and sensing was observed from 800 Hz. The results of this study suggest a method for developing flexible piezoelectric-fiber frequency sensors based on piezoelectric devices for acoustic sensor systems.
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Li, Chong, Liang Shen, Jiang Shao, and Jiwen Fang. "Simulation and Experiment of Active Vibration Control Based on Flexible Piezoelectric MFC Composed of PZT and PI Layer." Polymers 15, no. 8 (April 7, 2023): 1819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15081819.

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In order to improve the vibration suppression effect of the flexible beam system, active control based on soft piezoelectric macro-fiber composites (MFCs) consisting of polyimide (PI) sheet and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is used to reduce the vibration. The vibration control system is composed of a flexible beam, a sensing piezoelectric MFC plate, and an actuated piezoelectric MFC plate. The dynamic coupling model of the flexible beam system is established according to the theory of structural mechanics and the piezoelectric stress equation. A linear quadratic optimal controller (LQR) is designed based on the optimal control theory. An optimization method, designed based on a differential evolution algorithm, is utilized for the selection of weighted matrix Q. Additionally, according to theoretical research, an experimental platform is built, and vibration active control experiments are carried out on piezoelectric flexible beams under conditions of instantaneous disturbance and continuous disturbance. The results show that the vibration of flexible beams is effectively suppressed under different disturbances. The amplitudes of the piezoelectric flexible beams are reduced by 94.4% and 65.4% under the conditions of instantaneous and continuous disturbances with LQR control.
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Ryu, Jeongjae, Hanbert Jeong, Yugang Chen, Chungik Oh, Jaegyu Kim, Hongjun Kim, Seongwoo Cho, et al. "Flexible piezoelectric liquid volume sensor." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 276 (June 2018): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2018.04.035.

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Lu, Lijun, Wenqing Ding, Jingquan Liu, and Bin Yang. "Flexible PVDF based piezoelectric nanogenerators." Nano Energy 78 (December 2020): 105251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105251.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "FLEXIBLE PIEZOELECTRIC"

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Malik, Nihal S. "Adaptive vibration control of flexible structures using piezoelectric actuators." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509770.

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Li, Xinming. "Piezoelectric-based structural health monitoring of flexible beam connection damage." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26511.

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Structural health monitoring is an emerging technology addressing major concerns in the operation of in-service structures, i.e. the reliability of the structures and the cost associated with maintaining reliability. In this thesis, the motivation of structural health monitoring has been discussed within the framework of non-destructive evaluation. To be a common failure mode, connection damage or lap joint damage is chosen as damage signature in a structure, consisting of a flexible aluminum beam jointed on a frame by bolts. To simulate connection damage, the stress relaxing on the bolt is achieved by the action of bolt looseness quantified by rotation angle. The dynamic response of flexible beam system is monitored with a piezoelectric transducer. To produce exciting signal, an electro-mechanical system processes the voltage signal. Response interpretation is carried out on PC or on an embedded DSP chip in real time. The two analysis methods, frequency response method and wavelet analysis method, were explored to identify early "changes" of beam connection so as to reach the goal of structural health monitoring.
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Cen, Lejun. "Fish-like locomotion using flexible piezoelectric composites for untethered aquatic robotics." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45864.

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The capacity of humankind to mimic fish-like locomotion for engineering applications depends mainly on the availability of suitable actuators. Researchers have recently focused on developing robotic fish using smart materials, particularly Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMCs), as a compliant, noise-free, and scalable alternative to conventional motor-based propulsion systems. In this thesis, we investigate fish-like self propulsion using flexible bimorphs made of Macro-Fiber Composite (MFC) piezoelectric laminates. Similar to IPMCs, MFCs also exhibit high efficiency in size, energy consumption, and noise reduction. In addition, MFCs offer large dynamic forces in bending actuation, strong electromechanical coupling as well as both low-frequency and high-frequency performance capabilities. The experimental component of the presented work focuses on the characterization of an MFC bimorph propulsor for thrust generation in a quiescent fluid as well as the development of a preliminary robotic fish prototype incorporating a microcontroller and a printed-circuit-board (PCB) amplifier to generate high actuation voltage for battery-powered free locomotion. From the theoretical standpoint, a reliable modeling framework that couples the actuator dynamics, hydroelasticity, and fish locomotion theory is essential to both design and control of robotic fish. Therefore, a distributed-parameter electroelastic model with fluid effects and actuator dynamics is coupled with the elongated body theory. Both in-air and underwater experiments are performed to verify the incorporation of hydrodynamic effects in the linear actuation regime. For electroelastically nonlinear actuation levels, experimentally obtained underwater vibration response is coupled with the elongated body theory to predict the thrust output. Experiments are conducted to validate the electrohydroelastic modeling approach employed in this work and to characterize the performance of an MFC bimorph propulsor. Finally, a wireless battery-powered preliminary robotic fish prototype is developed and tested in free locomotion at different frequency and voltage levels.
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Jia, Jianhu. "Optimization of piezoelectric actuator systems for vibration control of flexible structures." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39754.

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Actuator placement is a major concern in control system designs. Utilizing piezoelectric actuators increases the complexity of actuator designs, because both actuator location and dimensions need to be considered. A comprehensive study was conducted in this dissertation on the optimization of piezoelectric actuator designs for vibration suppression of flexible structures. The investigation on the optimal piezoelectric actuator designs were grouped into two parts. Part one covered actuator designs when the same number of actuators as the controlled modes are used. Approaches were formed to optimally design piezoelectric actuators which requires least control efforts. In part two of this dissertation, a method named the Weighted Pseudoinverse Method was introduced to deal with the cases in which fewer actuators than the controlled modes are utilized. The weighted pseudoinverse method yields a optimal transformation from modal control forces into the actuator-moments in physical space. Based on the Weighted pseudoinverse method, the piezoelectric actuator designs were optimized to ensure least-control-effort actuator designs. A simply-supported beam was used as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design methods proposed in this dissertation. However, the design methods are applicable to general cases.
Ph. D.
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Obal, Michael Walter. "Vibration control of flexible structures using piezoelectric devices as sensors and actuators." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12025.

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Samur, Algan. "Flexible piezoelectric composites and concepts for bio-inspired dynamic bending-twisting actuation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47680.

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Moghani, Taraneh. "Controller switching policy in flexible plates using PZT actuators subject to spatiotemporal variations of disturbances." Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0430104-114246.

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Song, Li. "Application of electroless plating for fabrication of flexible and integrated piezoelectric ultrasonic sensors." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21961.

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Integrated (IUTs) and flexible ultrasonic transducers (FUTs) have been found to be of great interest for structural health monitoring (SHM) of graphite/epoxy (Gr/Ep) composite parts and structures. Because certain Gr/Ep composites do not have sufficient electrical conductivity, bottom electrodes are required for the IUT fabrication. Also FUTs using insulating polyimide (PI) membrane which offers high flexibility, bottom electrode is required as well. One main objective is to develop the electroless plating technique to deposit nickel (Ni) or silver (Ag) onto Gr/Ep composites and PI for IUT or FUT fabrication. The pre-treatments (cleaning, etching, sensibilization, activation and reduction) and reaction conditions (bath chemistry, temperature, time, agitation, etc.) have been investigated. Recipes of electroless nickel (EN) plating at room temperature (RT) and 90°C and RT electroless Ag plating have been developed. The interfacial adhesion of the Ni or Ag/substrate was also tested. The conductivity of the fabricated bottom electrodes was tested by ohmmeter. A 50~60µm piezoelectric film was fabricated by sol-gel spray technique. IUTs and FUTs consisting of these EN bottom electrodes, piezoelectric film and Ag paste top electrode perform well for SHM purposes.
Les capteurs ultrasonores flexible (CUF) et intégré (CUI) sont très intéressants pour le suivi de la santé structurelle (SSS) des pièces de structures et de composites, composées à partir de carbone/époxyde (C/Ep). Parce que le C/Ep n'a pas suffisamment de conductivité électrique, une électrode de base est nécessaire pour la fabrication de CUIs. De plus, pour le CUF utilisant du polyimide (PI) comme membrane isolante nécessite aussi l'utilisation d'une électrode de base. Un des principaux objectifs de ce mémoire est de remédier à ce problème par le développement d'une technique de placage au tampon. Cette dernière déposera du nickel (Ni) ou de l'argent (Ag) sur le C/Ep et le PI pour obtenir des CUIs ou des CUFs. Les prétraitements (nettoyage, attaque chimique, sensibilisation, activation et réduction) et les conditions de réaction (bain chimique, température, temps, agitation, etc.) ont été étudiés. Les procédures pour le placage au tampon du nickel (PTN) à la température de la pièce (TP) et à 90C ainsi que pour l'Ag à TP furent développées. Les adhésions de surface du Ni ou de l'Ag avec le substrat furent testées. Les conductivités électriques des électrodes de base furent testées avec un ohmmètre. Un film piézo-électrique de 50~60 μm fut fabriqué par une technique sol-gel. Les CUI et CUF fabriqués avec l'électrode de base faite à partir du PTN, du film piézo-électrique et une pâte d'Ag comme électrode de surface, excelle bien pour les besoins en SSS.
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Newman, Scott M. "Active damping control of a flexible space structure using piezoelectric sensors and actuators." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23517.

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This thesis details the experimental analysis of an active damping control technique applied to the Naval Postgraduate School's Flexible Spacecraft Simulator using piezoceramic sensors and actuators. The mass property of the flexible arm is varied to study the frequency effects on the Positive Position Feedback (PPF) algorithm. Multi-modal dynamics response is analytically studied using a finite-element model of a cantilevered beam while under the influence of three different control laws: a basic law derived rom the Lyapunov Stability Theorem, PPF and Strain Rate Feedback (SRF). The advantages and disadvantages of using PPF and SRF for active damping control are discussed.
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Swathanthira, Kumar Murali Murugavel Manjakkattuvalasu. "Implementation of an actuator placement, switching algorithm for active vibration control in flexible structures." Link to electronic thesis, 2002. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-1120102-210634.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Keywords: Actuator placement algorithm; piezoelectric actuators; LQR; Galerkin; supervisory control; active vibration control; FEA; switching policy; dSPACE. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-64).
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Books on the topic "FLEXIBLE PIEZOELECTRIC"

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Newman, Scott M. Active damping control of a flexible space structure using piezoelectric sensors and actuators. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1992.

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Yang, B. Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters AndSensors. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2022.

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Yi, Zhiran, Bin Yang, and Chengkuo Lee. Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2022.

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Yi, Zhiran, Bin Yang, and Chengkuo Lee. Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2022.

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Yi, Zhiran, Bin Yang, and Chengkuo Lee. Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Sensors. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2022.

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Book chapters on the topic "FLEXIBLE PIEZOELECTRIC"

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Sengupta, Debarun, and Ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli. "Flexible and Wearable Piezoelectric Nanogenerators." In Self-Powered and Soft Polymer MEMS/NEMS Devices, 31–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05554-7_2.

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Darshan, B. A., Kumar E. Dushyantha, H. S. Jithendra, A. M. Raghavendra, Kumar M. S. Praveen, and B. S. Madhukar. "Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator: PVDF-CsPbBr3 Nanocomposite." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 121–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58868-7_14.

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Zhang, Han. "Advanced Manufacturing of Flexible Piezoelectric Arrays." In Materials in Advanced Manufacturing, 47–100. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003182146-2.

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Afsarimanesh, Nasrin, Anindya Nag, and Ghobad Shafiei Sabet. "Flexible Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Sensors for Energy Harvesting Applications." In Flexible Sensors for Energy-Harvesting Applications, 131–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99600-0_6.

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Chuang, Cheng-Hsin. "Flexible Piezoelectric Tactile Sensors with Structural Electrodes Array." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 189–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00578-7_11.

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Rakotondrabe, Micky. "Feedforward Control of Flexible and Nonlinear Piezoelectric Actuators." In Smart Materials-Based Actuators at the Micro/Nano-Scale, 207–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6684-0_10.

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Meurer, Thomas. "Model Equations for Flexible Structures with Piezoelectric Actuation." In Communications and Control Engineering, 51–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30015-8_4.

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Zhang, Han. "Application and Research Trends of Flexible Piezoelectric Arrays." In Materials in Advanced Manufacturing, 101–65. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003182146-3.

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Wazed Ali, S., and Satyaranjan Bairagi. "Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Composed of Electrospun Nanofibrous Web." In Fundamentals of Nano–Textile Science, 31–49. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003277316-3.

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Le Magueresse, Romain, Frédéric Giraud, Fabrice Casset, Anis Kaci, Brigitte Desloges, and Mikael Colin. "Preliminary Design of a Flexible Haptic Surface." In Haptics: Science, Technology, Applications, 207–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06249-0_24.

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AbstractThis paper presents the preliminary development of a flexible haptic surface in order to produce texture rendering on a large conformable area. For this purpose, Haptic Pixels vibrating at ultrasonic frequencies are actuated by piezoelectric elements and implanted on a flexible matrix. The design leads to square glass plates of 10 $$\times $$ × 10 mm$$^2$$ 2 with a thickness of 500 $$\upmu $$ μ m, actuated by PZT ceramics with a thickness of 200 $$\upmu $$ μ m and a radius of 2.5 mm bonded on a 100 $$\upmu $$ μ m thick PEEK film. Electromechanical characterizations validate the design. The PEEK film between two pixels is exploited to separate them, to obtain the flexibility of the surface and to create an area of friction reduction with a stationary wave. Haptic evaluations are carried out to confirm the performances of the approach on a Haptic Pixel.
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Conference papers on the topic "FLEXIBLE PIEZOELECTRIC"

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Sun, Wei. "Modeling of flexible piezoelectric laminates." In 1993 North American Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Nesbitt W. Hagood and Gareth J. Knowles. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.152785.

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Wang, PengYingkai, Li Sui, GuoHua Liu, and GengChen Shi. "Flexible piezoelectric wind energy generator." In 4th International Conference on Computer, Mechatronics, Control and Electronic Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccmcee-15.2015.104.

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Magueresse, Romain Le, Fabrice Casset, Frederic Giraud, Brigitte Desloges, Nadine David, Anis Kaci, Adelaide Berdague, and Mikael Colin. "Piezoelectric flexible haptic interface development." In 2022 23rd International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems (EuroSimE). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurosime54907.2022.9758912.

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Liu, Tianning, Margeaux Wallace, Susan Trolier-McKinstry, and Thomas N. Jackson. "Piezoelectric thin films on polyimide substrates for flexible piezoelectric devices." In 2017 75th Device Research Conference (DRC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drc.2017.7999459.

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Sultana, Ayesha, Tapas Ranjan Middya, and Dipankar Mandal. "ZnS-paper based flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator." In DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2017. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5029058.

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LIU, Jian-jun, Xiang-hua CHEN, Hong ZUO, and Qun LI. "Energy Harvesting About Flexible Piezoelectric Material." In 2020 15th Symposium on Piezoelectrcity, Acoustic Waves and Device Applications (SPAWDA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spawda51471.2021.9445521.

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Cerezo Sanchez, Maria, Siming Zuo, Alexandru Moldovan, Sandy Cochran, Kianoush Nazarpour, and Hadi Heidari. "Flexible Piezoelectric Sensors for Miniaturized Sonomyography." In 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630342.

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Willens, Kyle, Richard Mannschreck, Blake Muzinich, Christopher Rosa, Barkan Kavlicoglu, Geoff Brennecka, and Faramarz Gordaninejad. "Blast wave sensing from flexible piezoelectric materials." In Smart Biomedical and Physiological Sensor Technology XVI, edited by Brian M. Cullum, Eric S. McLamore, and Douglas Kiehl. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2519141.

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Kim, H. J., and Y. J. Kim. "Flexible ceramic-polymer nanocomposite piezoelectric pressure sensor." In 2018 IEEE 18th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nano.2018.8626263.

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Shelton, C. T., C. Dandeneau, V. Matias, and B. J. Gibbons. "Epitaxial piezoelectric thin films on flexible substrates." In 2008 17th IEEE International Symposium on the Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isaf.2008.4693800.

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Reports on the topic "FLEXIBLE PIEZOELECTRIC"

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Near, Craig D. Flexible Fabrication of High Performance Piezoelectric Actuators by Injection Molding. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada379116.

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Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,
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