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Journal articles on the topic 'Flexible photocatalysts'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Fadlun, Wan. "Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Solar Fuels via Iron-Based Nanocomposite: Strategies to Intensify the Photoactivity." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 654–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8789.

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Photocatalysis has been studied over three decades ago as a promising alternative for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction with the ultimate objective of promoting sustainable keys to address global warming and energy crisis. In particular, photocatalysis offers the reduction of CO2 to renewable hydrocarbon fuels by utilizing limitless sunlight to trigger the reaction. The urgency reducing CO2 to solar fuels have aroused attention towards Fe-based material owing to their abundance, flexible compositional tunability, recyclability, and low cost compared to noble-metal photocatalysts. This review discussed comprehensively the recent evolution on Fe-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction including metallic iron, iron oxide, and ternary iron oxides based photocatalysts. In the mainstream, detailed discussion on the main strategies adopted in the morphology and structure to enhance the photocatalytic performance have been discussed in detail for each type of Fe-based catalysts. The enhancements of Fe-based photocatalyst is analyzed with a view to emphasizing the reaction mechanism and probable pathways for the production of solar fuels. In addition, thermodynamics are discussed critically for selectivity of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The existing constrains and guidance for future studies were defined, pledging to develop superior Fe-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction with better-improved power reduction efficiency and generation rates.
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2

Zhou, Tong-Tong, Feng-He Zhao, Yu-Qian Cui, Li-Xiang Chen, Jia-Shu Yan, Xiao-Xiong Wang, and Yun-Ze Long. "Flexible TiO2/PVDF/g-C3N4 Nanocomposite with Excellent Light Photocatalytic Performance." Polymers 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010055.

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As the world faces water shortage and pollution crises, the development of novel visible light photocatalysts to purify water resources is urgently needed. Over the past decades, most of the reported photocatalysts have been in powder or granular forms, creating separation and recycling difficulties. To overcome these challenges, a flexible and recyclable heterostructured TiO2/polyvinylidene fluoride/graphitic carbon nitride (TiO2/PVDF/g-C3N4) composite was developed by combining electrospinning, sintering and hydrothermal methods. In the composite, PVDF was used as a support template for removing and separating the photocatalyst from solution. Compared with pure TiO2, the TiO2/PVDF/g-C3N4 composite exhibited the extended light capture range of TiO2 into the visible light region. The photogenerated carriers were efficiently transferred and separated at the contact interface between TiO2 and g-C3N4 under visible light irradiation, which consequently increased the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst. In addition, the flexible composites exhibited excellent self-cleaning properties, and the dye on the photocatalysts was completely degraded by the as-prepared materials. Based on the intrinsic low cost, recyclability, absorption of visible light, facile synthesis, self-cleaning properties and good photocatalytic performances of the composite, the photocatalyst is expected to be used for water treatment.
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3

Dutta, Vishal, Ankush Chauhan, Ritesh Verma, C. Gopalkrishnan, and Van-Huy Nguyen. "Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 13 (November 11, 2022): 1316–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.13.109.

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One of the most enticing approaches to environmental restoration and energy conversion is photocatalysis powered by solar light. Traditional photocatalysts have limited practical uses due to inadequate light absorption, charge separation, and unknown reaction mechanisms. Discovering new visible-light photocatalysts and investigating their modification is crucial in photocatalysis. Bi-based photocatalytic nanomaterials have gotten much interest as they exhibit distinctive geometric shapes, flexible electronic structures, and good photocatalytic performance under visible light. They can be employed as stand-alone photocatalysts for pollution control and energy production, but they do not have optimum efficacy. As a result, their photocatalytic effectiveness has been significantly improved in the recent decades. Numerous newly created concepts and methodologies have brought significant progress in defining the fundamental features of photocatalysts, upgrading the photocatalytic ability, and understanding essential reactions of the photocatalytic process. This paper provides insights into the characteristics of Bi-based photocatalysts, making them a promising future nanomaterial for environmental remediation. The current review discusses the fabrication techniques and enhancement in Bi-based semiconductor photocatalysts. Various environmental applications, such as H2 generation and elimination of water pollutants, are also discussed in terms of semiconductor photocatalysis. Future developments will be guided by the uses, issues, and possibilities of Bi-based photocatalysts.
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4

Ainali, Nina Maria, Dimitrios Kalaronis, Eleni Evgenidou, Dimitrios N. Bikiaris, and Dimitra A. Lambropoulou. "Insights into Biodegradable Polymer-Supported Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts for Environmental Remediation." Macromol 1, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 201–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/macromol1030015.

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During the past two decades, immobilization of titanium dioxide (TiO2), a well-known photocatalyst, on several polymeric substrates has extensively gained ground since it limits the need of post-treatment separation stages. Taking into account the numerous substrates tested for supporting TiO2 photocatalysts, the use of biodegradable polymer seems a hopeful option owing to its considerable merits, including the flexible nature, low price, chemical inertness, mechanical stability and wide feasibility. The present review places its emphasis on recently published research articles (2011–2021) and exhibits the most innovative studies facilitating the eco-friendly biodegradable polymers to fabricate polymer-based photocatalysts, while the preparation details, photocatalytic performance and reuse of the TiO2/polymer photocatalysts is also debated. The biodegradable polymers examined herein comprise of chitosan (CS), cellulose, alginate, starch, poly(lactid acid) (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), while an emphasis on the synthetical pathway (dip-coating, electrospinning, etc.) of the photocatalysts is provided.
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5

Zhang, Bo, Jing Zheng, Lu Wei Ma, Bin Guo, Xiao Chun He, Ming Jun Gao, Lin Bian, Xing Fa Ma, and Guang Li. "Charge Behavior of Low-Dimensional V2O5/Graphene Nanoribbons Oxides Nanocomposites under Irradiation of Visible Light and its Application." Materials Science Forum 847 (March 2016): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.847.203.

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Due to its outstanding photo-catalysis properties, low-dimensional V2O5 has many important applications in lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, electrochromic devices, photocatalysts, sensors, et al. As good photocatalysts for organic pollutants, some key issues of photocatalysts are charge generation, separation, transfer of nanocomposites under irradiation of visible light. To improve their important properties and pave the effective conductive channels for charge transfer and separation, low-dimensional V2O5/graphene nanoribbons nanocomposites were prepared. The emphasis is put on adsorption response to VOC of nanocomposite based on the QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) device. In order to investigate the mechanism of charge-generated by visible light, the photoconductivity response to visible light and 808 nm laser with low-power were studied based on interdigital electrodes of Au on flexible PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film substrate. Some good results were obtained. This illustrates that this nanocomposite can easily produce the charge-generate with visible light and 808 nm laser with low-power, avoiding the recombination of charge-generate by light. It would be good applications in remove the organic pollutants with photocatalysis effects.
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6

Bockenstedt, Jonathan, Niraj Ashutosh Vidwans, Terry Gentry, and Sreeram Vaddiraju. "Catalyst Recovery, Regeneration and Reuse during Large-Scale Disinfection of Water Using Photocatalysis." Water 13, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 2623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192623.

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The deployment of photocatalysis for remediation of water has not yet been realized, although laboratory-scale studies have demonstrated promise. Accomplishing this requires the development of photocatalysis as a process, including studying its efficiencies in remedying water when high volumes of water are processed, and addressing the recovery, possible regeneration and reuse of the photocatalysts. To that end, this work is aimed at demonstrating the use of a custom-built mobile platform for disinfecting large quantities of water. The benchtop platform built is capable of processing 15.14 L (4 gallons) per minute of water, with possibility for further scale-up. Preliminary studies on the catalyst recovery, regeneration and reuse via gravity-assisted settling, centrifugation and air plasma treatment indicated that 77% of Aeroxide® P25 titania (TiO2) nanoparticle and 57% of porous TiO2 nanowire photocatalysts could be recovered and regenerated for further use. Overall, this study indicated that process improvements, including increasing the kinetics of the photocatalysis, and optimization of the efficacies of the catalyst recovery and regeneration processes will make it useful for water remediation on any scale. More importantly, the portable and flexible nature of the benchtop photocatalysis system makes it amenable for use in conjunction with existing technologies for remedying large quantities of water.
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7

Han, Liu, Haohao Dong, Dong Mao, Baolv Hua, Qinyu Li, and Dong Fang. "Facile Synthesis of Indium Sulfide/Flexible Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber for Enhanced Photocatalytic Efficiency and Its Application." Scanning 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6513903.

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Heterojunction system has been proved as one of the best architectures for photocatalyst owing to extending specific surface area, expanding spectral response range, and increasing photoinduced charges generation, separation, and transmission, which can provide better light absorption range and higher reaction site. In this paper, Indium Sulfide/Flexible Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber (In2S3/CNF) heterogeneous systems were synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method. The results from characterizations of SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy displayed that flower-like In2S3 was deposited on the hair-like CNF template, forming a one-dimensional nanofibrous network heterojunction photocatalyst. And the newly prepared In2S3/CNF photocatalysts exhibit greatly enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to pure In2S3. In addition, the formation mechanism of the one-dimensional heterojunction In2S3/CNF photocatalyst is discussed and a promising approach to degrade Rhodamine B (RB) in the photocatalytic process is processed.
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8

Li, Yaru, Dongsheng Zhang, Wei Qiao, Hongwei Xiang, Flemming Besenbacher, Yongwang Li, and Ren Su. "Nanostructured heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for green synthesis of valuable chemicals." Chemical Synthesis 2, no. 2 (2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cs.2022.05.

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The photocatalytic process employing nanostructured semiconductor materials has attracted great attention in energy production, CO2 reduction, and water/air purification for decades. Recently, applying heterogeneous photocatalyst for the synthesis of valuable chemicals is gradually emerging and considered as a promising process for the conversion of cheap resources (i.e., biomass derivatives, polyols, and aromatic hydrocarbons). Compared with traditional thermal catalytic approaches, the photocatalytic process provides a mild reaction condition and flexible platform (photocatalyst) that allows precise tweaking of reaction intermediates and reaction pathways, thus resulting in fine control of the selective synthesis of specialized chemicals that are challenging for thermal catalysis. In this review, we summarize recent achievements in photocatalytic synthesis of various industrial important chemicals via photo-oxidative and photo-reductive processes. The selective oxidation of alcohols and aromatics, epoxidation of alkenes, hydrogenation of gaseous molecules and hydrocarbons, and coupling reactions by means of various photocatalysts including metal oxides, supported plasmonic metal nanostructures, conjugated organic polymers, anchored homogeneous catalysts, and dye-sensitized heterostructures are discussed from a material perspective. In addition, fundamental understandings of reaction mechanisms and rational design of nanostructured photocatalysts for enhancing efficiency, selectivity, and stability are discussed in detail.
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9

Zhang, Qi, and Zhang. "AgBr/BiOBr Nano-Heterostructure-Decorated Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers: A Recyclable High-Performance Photocatalyst for Dye Degradation under Visible-Light Irradiation." Polymers 11, no. 10 (October 19, 2019): 1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101718.

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Macrostructural flexible photocatalysts have been proven to have desirable recyclable properties during the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water. However, the photocatalytic activities of these photocatalysts are often unsatisfactory due to the fast recombination of charge carriers and the limited surface active sites. Herein, we developed a novel flexible photocatalyst of AgBr/BiOBr/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite mats (CMs) through the controllable assembly of AgBr/BiOBr nano-heterostructures on electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (PAN NFs) via a three-step synthesis route. The component ratio of AgBr to BiOBr in the CMs could be easily adjusted by controlling the in situ ion exchange process. The charge–transfer process occurring at the interface of the AgBr/BiOBr nano-heterostructures strongly hindered the recombination of photoinduced electron–hole pairs, thereby effectively enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the AgBr/BiOBr/PAN CMs. Meanwhile, the unique hierarchical inorganic/organic heterostructure of the AgBr/BiOBr/PAN CMs not only led to good flexibility, but also provided an abundance of active sites for photocatalytic reactions. Upon visible-light irradiation, AgBr/BiOBr/PAN CMs with an optimal ratio of AgBr to BiOBr components exhibited both enhanced photocatalytic activity and excellent separability during the degradation of methyl orange in water compared to the BiOBr/PAN CMs.
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10

Dai, Baoying, Hengming Huang, Wei Wang, Yukai Chen, Chunhua Lu, Jiahui Kou, Lianzhou Wang, Fulei Wang, and Zhongzi Xu. "Greatly enhanced photocatalytic activity by organic flexible piezoelectric PVDF induced spatial electric field." Catalysis Science & Technology 7, no. 23 (2017): 5594–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cy01638g.

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11

Liu, Bin, Zhuoran Wang, Yuan Dong, Yuguang Zhu, Yue Gong, Sihan Ran, Zhe Liu, et al. "ZnO-nanoparticle-assembled cloth for flexible photodetectors and recyclable photocatalysts." Journal of Materials Chemistry 22, no. 18 (2012): 9379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2jm16781f.

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12

Nunes, D., A. Pimentel, A. Araujo, T. R. Calmeiro, S. Panigrahi, J. V. Pinto, P. Barquinha, M. Gama, E. Fortunato, and R. Martins. "Enhanced UV Flexible Photodetectors and Photocatalysts Based on TiO2 Nanoplatforms." Topics in Catalysis 61, no. 15-17 (April 24, 2018): 1591–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11244-018-0968-4.

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13

Wang, Jingwen, Takuya Hasegawa, Yusuke Asakura, and Shu Yin. "Recent Advances in Ternary Metal Oxides Modified by N Atom for Photocatalysis." Catalysts 12, no. 12 (December 2, 2022): 1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12121568.

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Ternary metal oxides (TMOs) with flexible band structures are of significant potential in the field of photocatalysis. The efficient utilization of renewable and green solar energy is of great importance to developing photocatalysts. To date, a wide range of TMOs systems has been developed as photocatalysts for water and air purification, but their practical applications in visible light-assisted chemical reactions are hindered mainly by its poor visible light absorption capacity. Introduction of N atoms into TMOs can narrow the band-gap energy to a lower value, enhance the absorption of visible light and suppress the recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes, thus improving the photocatalytic performance. This review summarizes the recent research on N-modified TMOs, including the influence of N doping amounts, N doping sites, and N-induced phase transformation. The introduced N greatly tuned the optical properties, electronic structure, and photocatalytic activity of the TMOs. The optimal N concentration and the influence of N doping sites are investigated. The substitutional N and interstitial N contributed differently to the band gap and electron transport. The introduced N can tune the vacancies in TMOs due to the charge compensation, which is vital for inducing different activity and selectivity. The topochemical ammonolysis process can convert TMOs to oxynitride with visible light absorption. By altering the band structures, these oxynitride materials showed enhanced photocatalytic activity. This review provides an overview of recent advances in N-doped TMOs and oxynitrides derived from TMOs as photocatalysts for environmental applications, as well as some relevant pointers for future burgeoning research development.
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14

Ding, Kai, Wei Wang, Dan Yu, Wei Wang, Pin Gao, and Baojiang Liu. "Facile formation of flexible Ag/AgCl/polydopamine/cotton fabric composite photocatalysts as an efficient visible-light photocatalysts." Applied Surface Science 454 (October 2018): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.05.154.

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15

Rong, Ping, Shuai Ren, Jianchao Jiang, Qi Yu, Liyun Jiang, and Yonghong Zhang. "Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of Metal-Doped ZnO Nanofilms Grown on Graphene-Coated Flexible Substrates." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 14, 2020): 3589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163589.

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A series of metal element (Al, Fe, Mg and Ni)-doped ZnO (M-ZnO) photocatalysts have been successfully synthesized on graphene-coated polyethylene terephthalate (GPET) flexible substrate via the hydrothermal method. The effects of doped metals in ZnO were also studied on the crystal structure, morphology and photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic experiment results indicated that, compared with Al-, Mg- and Fe-ZnO/GPET photocatalysts under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, Ni-ZnO/GPET had better photocatalytic activity, and the degradation rate of methylene blue (MB) was 81.17%. Meanwhile, the mechanism of enhancing the photocatalytic activity of metal element-doped ZnO is also discussed. It is concluded that, after doping with metal elements, electrons and holes are prevented from recombination by trapping electrons of the ZnO/GPET conductive band, thereby improving the photocatalytic activity.
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Fan, Xiao-ying, Heng Guo, Jing-hua Lv, Kai Yu, Zhan-hua Su, Lu Wang, Chun-mei Wang, and Bai-bin Zhou. "Efficient and robust photocatalysts based on {P2W18} modified by an Ag complex." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 12 (2018): 4273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt00229k.

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Ag+ and the flexible ligand bimb were introduced into Dawson phosphomolybdate systems as linkage units to induce two fascinating 3-D inorganic–organic networks, which exhibit excellent electro- and photo-catalytic behavior.
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17

Chao, Junfeng, Shumin Xing, Jianzhou Zhao, Changhai Qin, Degong Duan, Yuliang Zhao, and Qiang He. "Bismuth sulfide nanoflowers as high performance near-infrared laser detectors and visible-light-driven photocatalysts." RSC Advances 6, no. 60 (2016): 55676–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra06339j.

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18

Panthi, Gopal, Oh Hoon Kwon, Yun-Su Kuk, Kapil Raj Gyawali, Yong Wan Park, and Mira Park. "Ternary Composite of Co-Doped CdSe@electrospun Carbon Nanofibers: A Novel Reusable Visible Light-Driven Photocatalyst with Enhanced Performance." Catalysts 10, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10030348.

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In this work, flexible ternary composites of cobalt-doped cadmium selenide/electrospun carbon nanofibers (Co-CdSe@ECNFs) for photocatalytic applications were fabricated successfully via electrospinning, followed by carbonization. For the fabrication of the proposed photocatalysts, Co-CdSe nanoparticles were grown in situ on the surface of ECNFs during the carbonization of precursor electrospun nanofibers obtained by dispersing Se powder in the electrospinning solution of polyacrylonitrile/N,N-Dimethylformamide (PAN/DMF) containing Cd2+ and Co2+. The photocatalytic performance of synthesized samples is investigated in the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) dyes. Experimental results revealed the superior photocatalytic efficiency of Co-CdSe@ECNFs over undoped samples (CdSe@ECNFs) due to the doping effect of cobalt, which is able to capture the photogenerated electrons to prevent electron–hole recombination, thereby improving photocatalytic performance. Moreover, ECNFs could play an important role in enhancing electron transfer and optical absorption of the photocatalyst. This type of fabrication strategy may be a new avenue for the synthesis of other ECNF-based ternary composites.
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19

Wang, Wei, Taotao Ai, Yuanyuan Fan, and Wenhu Li. "Application of an Au/B-ZnO/PET–GR flexible composite structure in photocatalysts and supercapacitor electrodes." RSC Advances 7, no. 83 (2017): 52442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra11320j.

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The Au/B-ZnO/PET–GR composite structure with different boron doping concentrations was prepared on a flexible double-layer substrate of PET–GR using the hydrothermal technique assisted by the ion sputtering method.
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20

Xie, Wanli, Li Liu, Wenquan Cui, and Weijia An. "Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity under Visible Light Irradiation via the AgI@TCNQ Core-Shell Structure." Materials 12, no. 10 (May 23, 2019): 1679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101679.

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In this paper, a AgI@TCNQ photocatalyst with a core-shell structure was reported. A two-dimensional TCNQ (7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane) nanosheet, with a π-π conjugate structure, was used as a shell layer to realize the flexible coating on the surface of AgI nanoparticles. These special core-shell structure composites solve the key problems of the small interface of the bulk composites and the lesser charge transfer paths, which could accelerate the migration of photogenerated carriers. Thus, the AgI@TCNQ photocatalysts showed the better photodegradation performance for the methylene blue (MB) solution, and the degradation rate of AgI@TCNQ (1 wt.%) composite was 1.8 times than AgI under irradiation. The reactive species trapping experiments demonstrated that ·O2−, h+, and ·OH all participated in the MB degradation process. The photocatalytic mechanism of AgI@TCNQ composites could be rationally explained by considering the Z-scheme structure, resulting in a higher redox potential and more efficient separation of charge carriers. At the same time, the unique core-shell structure provides a larger contact area, expands the charge transport channel, and increases the surface active sites, which are beneficial for improving photocatalytic performance.
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Zheng, Xin, Zhicheng Han, Wenjin Yang, Fengyu Qu, Baodan Liu, and Xiang Wu. "3D Co3O4@MnO2 heterostructures grown on a flexible substrate and their applications in supercapacitor electrodes and photocatalysts." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 42 (2016): 16850–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt03076a.

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Якушова, Н. Д., И. А. Аверин, И. А. Пронин, А. А. Карманов, Е. А. Алимова, В. А. Мошников, and Е. И. Теруков. "Управление фрактальностью и размером серебряных кластеров при одностадийном синтезе гетероструктур Ag-ZnO." Письма в журнал технической физики 46, no. 17 (2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2020.17.49890.18386.

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In the framework of a sol-gel technology we have been developed the joint and simultaneous synthesis of fractal silver nano- and microclusters and a matrix of ZnO metal oxide semiconductor material. We have demonstrated the possibility of flexible control of the size and fractal dimension of metal structures by changing the concentration of silver nitrate in the initial sol. The proposed approaches can be used in the manufacture of photocatalysts, thermistors, biosensors, as well as other instruments and devices of nano- and microsystem technology.
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Karim, Mohammad Razaul, Mohammed M. Rahman, and Abdullah M. Asiri. "rGO–diaminobutane surfaces with optimized N doping and hydrodynamics as dual proton–electron conductors and carbon photocatalysts." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 1 (2021): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj05062h.

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A reduced graphene oxide–diaminobutane (rGO–DAB) organic hybrid revealed excellent N doping, flexible interlayer distance, and light-harvesting property to support optimized photocatalytic activity for water splitting and dye degradation.
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Chen, Xuan, and Jin Li. "Assembly and Photocatalytic Degradation Activity of Spherical ZnO/CdSe Heterostructures on Flexible Carbon Cloth Substrates." Nanomaterials 12, no. 11 (June 1, 2022): 1898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12111898.

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With the increasing water pollution, traditional treatments cannot sufficiently remove pollutants, thereby prompting the development of photocatalysts. In this study, ZnO–carbon cloth (CC) and spherical ZnO/CdSe–CC heterostructures with different CdSe loadings were synthesized using an ultrasonic-hydrothermal method on flexible CC. Z20CdSe–CC (ZnO with 20 mg CdSe loaded on CC) exhibited the best visible-light-responsive photocatalytic performance, with approximately 83.5% methylene blue reduced in 180 min. In addition, the degradation efficiency of Z20CdSe–CC was maintained at 70.9% after three cycles in relation to that of the ZnO powder. The synergistic effect of CdSe and CC not only effectively widened the light absorption range of ZnO/CdSe–CC but also further promoted the effective transfer of carriers and realized an efficient photocatalytic degradation process. Therefore, the ZnO/CdSe–CC photocatalytic material with CC as the flexible substrate exhibited high photocatalytic activity and stability in environmental remediation. This provides a design idea for the development of an efficient and flexible photocatalytic material in line with the concept of green chemistry.
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Wu, Yu, Weiyi Kang, Xiaoxiong Wang, Xiaolin Tan, Longfu Wang, Benting Xie, and Baohong Li. "Series of new coordination polymers based flexible tricarboxylate as photocatalysts for Rh B dye degradation." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 300 (August 2021): 122233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122233.

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Chao, Junfeng, Zhuoran Wang, Xin Xu, Qingyi Xiang, Weifeng Song, Gui Chen, Jiebo Hu, and Di Chen. "Tin sulfide nanoribbons as high performance photoelectrochemical cells, flexible photodetectors and visible-light-driven photocatalysts." RSC Advances 3, no. 8 (2013): 2746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ra22092j.

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Wang, Zhuoran, Heng Wang, Bin Liu, Wenzhe Qiu, Jun Zhang, Sihan Ran, Hongtao Huang, et al. "Transferable and Flexible Nanorod-Assembled TiO2 Cloths for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Photodetectors, and Photocatalysts." ACS Nano 5, no. 10 (September 28, 2011): 8412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn203315k.

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Yang, Yanling, Huajun Chen, Xinxin Zou, Xiao-Lei Shi, Wei-Di Liu, Lei Feng, Guoquan Suo, et al. "Flexible Carbon-Fiber/Semimetal Bi Nanosheet Arrays as Separable and Recyclable Plasmonic Photocatalysts and Photoelectrocatalysts." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, no. 22 (May 6, 2020): 24845–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c05695.

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Xu, Manzhang, Shilong Jia, Haiyang Li, Zhiyong Zhang, Yuxi Guo, Cheng Chen, Sifan Chen, Junfeng Yan, Wu Zhao, and Jiangni Yun. "In-situ growth of W18O49@carbon clothes for flexible-easy-recycled photocatalysts with high performance." Materials Letters 230 (November 2018): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.07.100.

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Yu, Qi, Liyun Jiang, Shiyong Gao, Shemin Zhang, Taotao Ai, Xiaoming Feng, and Wei Wang. "The highly efficient photocatalysts of B-doped ZnO microspheres synthesized on PET-ITO flexible substrate." Ceramics International 43, no. 2 (February 2017): 2864–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.10.190.

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Zhiyong, Yu, D. Laub, M. Bensimon, and J. Kiwi. "Flexible polymer TiO2 modified film photocatalysts active in the photodegradation of azo-dyes in solution." Inorganica Chimica Acta 361, no. 3 (February 2008): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2007.05.062.

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32

Xu, Huan-Yan, Dan Lu, Qu Tan, Xiu-Lan He, and Shu-Yan Qi. "Visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B in water by BiOClxI1−x solid solutions." Water Science and Technology 81, no. 5 (March 1, 2020): 1080–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.205.

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Abstract Bismuth oxyhalides (BiOXs, X = Cl, Br and I) are emerging photocatalytic materials with unique layered structure, flexible band structure and superior photocatalytic activity. The purpose of this study was to develop a facile alcoholysis route to prepare BiOClxI1−x nanosheet solid solutions at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), photoluminescence emission spectroscopy (PL) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyzer were used to characterize the as-prepared photocatalysts. These results revealed that two-dimension BiOClxI1−x nanosheet solid solutions could be obtained with high percentage of {001} crystal facets exposed. Moreover, the formation of solid solution could regularly change the optical absorption thresholds and band gaps of BiOClxI1−x photocatalysts. The photocatalytic experiments indicated that BiOCl0.75I0.25 exhibited the highest photocatalytic performance for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under simulated sunlight irradiation and the photocatalytic process followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic equation. A possible mechanism of RhB photodegradation over BiOClxI1−x solid solutions was proposed based on the structural properties of BiOClxI1−x solid solutions and RhB photosensitization.
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Bokare, Anuja, Sowbaranigha Chinnusamy, and Folarin Erogbogbo. "TiO2-Graphene Quantum Dots Nanocomposites for Photocatalysis in Energy and Biomedical Applications." Catalysts 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11030319.

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The focus of current research in material science has shifted from “less efficient” single-component nanomaterials to the superior-performance, next-generation, multifunctional nanocomposites. TiO2 is a widely used benchmark photocatalyst with unique physicochemical properties. However, the large bandgap and massive recombination of photogenerated charge carriers limit its overall photocatalytic efficiency. When TiO2 nanoparticles are modified with graphene quantum dots (GQDs), some significant improvements can be achieved in terms of (i) broadening the light absorption wavelengths, (ii) design of active reaction sites, and (iii) control of the electron-hole (e−-h+) recombination. Accordingly, TiO2-GQDs nanocomposites exhibit promising multifunctionalities in a wide range of fields including, but not limited to, energy, biomedical aids, electronics, and flexible wearable sensors. This review presents some important aspects of TiO2-GQDs nanocomposites as photocatalysts in energy and biomedical applications. These include: (1) structural formulations and synthesis methods of TiO2-GQDs nanocomposites; (2) discourse about the mechanism behind the overall higher photoactivities of these nanocomposites; (3) various characterization techniques which can be used to judge the photocatalytic performance of these nanocomposites, and (4) the application of these nanocomposites in biomedical and energy conversion devices. Although some objectives have been achieved, new challenges still exist and hinder the widespread application of these nanocomposites. These challenges are briefly discussed in the Future Scope section of this review.
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Wu, Xiaohui, Leitao Cao, Jun Song, Yang Si, Jianyong Yu, and Bin Ding. "Thorn-like flexible Ag2C2O4/TiO2 nanofibers as hierarchical heterojunction photocatalysts for efficient visible-light-driven bacteria-killing." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 560 (February 2020): 681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.10.119.

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Nunes, Daniela, Ana Pimentel, Rita Branquinho, Elvira Fortunato, and Rodrigo Martins. "Metal Oxide-Based Photocatalytic Paper: A Green Alternative for Environmental Remediation." Catalysts 11, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11040504.

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The interest in advanced photocatalytic technologies with metal oxide-based nanomaterials has been growing exponentially over the years due to their green and sustainable characteristics. Photocatalysis has been employed in several applications ranging from the degradation of pollutants to water splitting, CO2 and N2 reductions, and microorganism inactivation. However, to maintain its eco-friendly aspect, new solutions must be identified to ensure sustainability. One alternative is creating an enhanced photocatalytic paper by introducing cellulose-based materials to the process. Paper can participate as a substrate for the metal oxides, but it can also form composites or membranes, and it adds a valuable contribution as it is environmentally friendly, low-cost, flexible, recyclable, lightweight, and earth abundant. In term of photocatalysts, the use of metal oxides is widely spread, mostly since these materials display enhanced photocatalytic activities, allied to their chemical stability, non-toxicity, and earth abundance, despite being inexpensive and compatible with low-cost wet-chemical synthesis routes. This manuscript extensively reviews the recent developments of using photocatalytic papers with nanostructured metal oxides for environmental remediation. It focuses on titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) in the form of nanostructures or thin films. It discusses the main characteristics of metal oxides and correlates them to their photocatalytic activity. The role of cellulose-based materials on the systems’ photocatalytic performance is extensively discussed, and the future perspective for photocatalytic papers is highlighted.
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Rendón-Enríquez, Ibeth, Alex Palma-Cando, Florian Körber, Felix Niebisch, Michael Forster, Michael W. Tausch, and Ullrich Scherf. "Thin Polymer Films by Oxidative or Reductive Electropolymerization and Their Application in Electrochromic Windows and Thin-Film Sensors." Molecules 28, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020883.

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Electrically conducting and semiconducting polymers represent a special and still very attractive class of functional chromophores, especially due to their unique optical and electronic properties and their broad device application potential. They are potentially suitable as materials for several applications of high future relevance, for example flexible photovoltaic modules, components of displays/screens and batteries, electrochromic windows, or photocatalysts. Therefore, their synthesis and structure elucidation are still intensely investigated. This article will demonstrate the very fruitful interplay of current electropolymerization research and its exploitation for science education issues. Experiments involving the synthesis of conducting polymers and their assembly into functional devices can be used to teach basic chemical and physical principles as well as to motivate students for an innovative and interdisciplinary field of chemistry.
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Sun, Songsong, Fanchen Meng, Yuanfeng Xu, Jian He, Yuxiang Ni, and Hongyan Wang. "Flexible, auxetic and strain-tunable two dimensional penta-X2C family as water splitting photocatalysts with high carrier mobility." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 13 (2019): 7791–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta12405a.

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38

Pietron, Jeremy, Paul A. DeSario, Catherine L. Pitman, Todd Brintlinger, Adam Dunkelberger, Olga A. Baturina, Rhonda Stroud, Jeffrey C. Owrutsky, and Debra R. Rolison. "(Invited) Nanoscale Design and Modification of Plasmonic Aerogels for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2018-01, no. 31 (April 13, 2018): 1871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2018-01/31/1871.

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Composite catalytic aerogels comprise a highly-flexible design motif for the creation of solar fuels photocatalysts. We exploit the compositional and interfacial design flexibility of catalytic aerogels to couple surface plasmon resonant (SPR) guests to nanometric oxidation and reduction catalysts in one hierarchical photocatalytic composite architecture. In our composite aerogels, the nanoscale TiO2 aerogel acts as a 3D-interconnected network of nanowires that couples all of the functional elements required to photogenerate molecular hydrogen from visible light and water: visible light sensitization, electron and ion transport, and oxidation and reduction catalysis. We investigate the effects of synthetically modifying the TiO2 aerogel network and the nanoparticulate Au||TiO2 interfaces in plasmonic Au–TiO2 aerogels on light sensitization, carrier (electron–hole pair) generation, and photocatalytic H2 evolution under both broadband (i.e., UV + visible) and visible excitation. We also introduce oxidation and reduction co-catalyst nanoparticles into the plasmonic aerogels, creating composite aerogels that perform visible light SPR–driven photocatalytic reduction of water to generate H2. The nanostructured high surface–area network in the aerogel spatially and effectively separates charge while electrochemically connecting plasmonic nanoparticle sensitizers and metal nanoparticle all in one mesoscale architecture and at length scales compatible with the kinetics of each reaction. Reference: "Plasmonic aerogels as a 3D nanoscale platform for solar fuels photocatalysis.” P. A. DeSario, J. J. Pietron, A. Dunkelburger, T.H. Brintlinger, O. Baturina, R. M. Stroud, J. C. Owrutsky, and D. R. Rolison, Langmuir, 2017, 33, 9444–9454; doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01117 This work is supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research.
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Ibrahimova, K. A. "THE SYNTHESIS METHODS AND APPLICATIONS OF LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES – A BRIEF REVIEW." NNC RK Bulletin, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52676/1729-7885-2022-4-17-29.

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Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) which are one type of layered material are promising materials due to some of their interesting properties, such as ease of synthesis, unique structure, uniform distribution of different metal cations in the brucite layer, surface hydroxyl groups, flexible tunability, intercalated anions with interlayer spaces, swelling properties, and high chemical and thermal stability, ability to intercalate different type of anions, and also high biocompatibility. This review article is focused on more information about synthesis methods of layered double hydroxides, and their applications in many fields. The most common synthesis methods for layered double hydroxides are co-precipitation, urea hydrolysis, hydrothermal synthesis, sol-gel, reconstruction, etc. are discussed. LDHs shows excellent performance as a multifunctional material for its promising applications in the fields of catalysts, water treatment, flame retardants, polymer additivies, adsorbents, nuclear industry, environmental protection, photocatalysts, and material science.
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Lan, Meng, Manli Wang, Nan Zheng, Xiaoli Dong, Yu Wang, and Jiefeng Gao. "Hierarchical polyurethane/RGO/BiOI fiber composite as flexible, self-supporting and recyclable photocatalysts for RhB degradation under visible light." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 108 (April 2022): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2021.12.031.

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41

Zhu, Bo, Zixiao Liu, Nuo Yu, Zhigang Chen, and Lisha Zhang. "In situ growth g-C3N4 particles on carbon fiber cloth as flexible and easily reusable visible-light-driven photocatalysts." Materials Letters 335 (March 2023): 133744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2022.133744.

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42

Lan, Meng, Nan Zheng, Xiaoli Dong, Yu Wang, Jiaxin Wu, Xiaolei Ren, and Jiefeng Gao. "Application of flexible PAN/BiOBr-Cl microfibers as self-supporting and highly active photocatalysts for nitrogen fixation and dye degradation." Applied Surface Science 575 (February 2022): 151743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151743.

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43

Jiao, Yang, Yang Liu, Bosi Yin, Siwen Zhang, Fengyu Qu, and Xiang Wu. "Hybrid α-Fe 2 O 3 @NiO heterostructures for flexible and high performance supercapacitor electrodes and visible light driven photocatalysts." Nano Energy 10 (November 2014): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.09.002.

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44

Adibah, Nurulain A., S. N. Azella, and M. F. Abd Shukur. "Synthesis of Ti3C2 Mxene through In Situ HF and Direct HF Etching Procedures as Electrolyte Fillers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell." Materials Science Forum 1023 (March 2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1023.15.

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MXene is the new family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides discovered in 2011. The unique properties of 2D MXene such as excellent mechanical properties, hydrophilic surfaces and metallic conductivity made it interesting for application in electrodes of rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, photocatalysts, catalysts, transparent conducting films, and flexible high-strength composites. The MXene can be synthesized through a selective etching process by using either in-situ HF (hydrofluoric acid) or direct HF methods. This study reports on the effect of the in-situ HF and direct HF etching procedures on the morphology of the synthesis Ti2C3 MXene using titanium aluminum carbide (Ti2AlC3) as precursor. The morphology and elements presence were evaluated by using variable pressure field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersion X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy analyses, respectively. The analysis shows that the MXene synthesized through the direct HF method was successfully delaminated compared to the in-situ HF procedures.
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45

Alsultan, Mohammed, Shaymaa Al-Rubaye, Amar Al-Keisy, Gerhard F. Swiegers, and Intisar Ghanim Taha. "Stable and Efficient Photoinduced Charge Transfer of MnFe2O4/Polyaniline Photoelectrode in Highly Acidic Solution." Colloids and Interfaces 6, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids6010001.

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Tailoring conductive polymers with inorganic photocatalysts, which provide photoinduced electron-hole generation, have significantly enhanced composites leading to excellent photoelectrodes. In this work, MnFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared by a hydrothermal method were combined with polyaniline to prepare mixed (hybrid) slurries, which were cast onto flexible FTO to prepare photoelectrodes. The resulting photoelectrodes were characterized by XRD, FESEM, HRTEM and UV-VIS. The photoelectrochemical performance was investigated by linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The photocurrent achieved by MnFe2O4/Polyaniline was 400 μA/cm2 at 0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl in Na2SO4 (pH = 2) at 100 mW/cm2, while polyaniline alone achieved only 25 μA/cm2 under the same conditions. The best MnFe2O4/Polyaniline displayed an incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) and applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) of 60% at 405 nm wavelength, and 0.17% at 0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl, respectively. High and stable photoelectrochemical performance was achieved for more than 900 s in an acidic environment.
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Gao, Yue, Qing-Bo Meng, Bao-Xin Wang, Yu Zhang, Hui Mao, Da-Wei Fang, and Xi-Ming Song. "Polyacrylonitrile Derived Robust and Flexible Poly(ionic liquid)s Nanofiber Membrane as Catalyst Supporter." Catalysts 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2022): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12030266.

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Poly(ionic liquid)s nanofiber (PIL NF) membrane was derived from polyacrylonitrile by converting its cyano groups to imidazoline moieties via cyclization with ethylenediamine, followed by quaternization with 1-bromobutane. The novel PIL NF is further decorated with photocatalyst phosphotungstic acid PW12 via anion exchanging to give PW-PIL. The degradation rate of the novel supported photocatalyst towards methyl orange irradiated under visible light was found to be 98%. In addition, the nanofiber membrane morphology is beneficial for easy recycling, and 98% of original degradation rate was maintained after 5 cycles of photocatalysis degradation. This robust, efficient, and recyclable material offers a new approach for serving as catalyst supporter. The photocatalyst PW-PIL is reported for the first time. The inexpensive functional membrane is used to exploit the sun as a cheap and clean source of light.
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Torres Arango, Maria A., Domenic T. Cipollone, Lynnora O. Grant, Dimitris Korakakis, and Konstantinos A. Sierros. "Continuous-Flow Direct Writing of Hybrid TiO2 Flexible Photo-Electrodes: Processing, Microstructure and Functionality Interrelations." MRS Advances 2, no. 18 (2017): 1021–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.238.

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ABSTRACTFlexible electronics manufacturing from functional inks is a versatile approach gaining interest from both industry and academia at an accelerated pace; towards its full development, research studies establishing connections between the inks processing conditions and final materials functionalities become necessary. In this work, we report on the relations between synthesis, continuous - flow direct writing parameters, and low energy intensity post-processing of functional TiO2 hybrid ink patterns. Such inks are printed on heat sensitive polymer substrates with typical application in dye solar cell photoelectrodes; nevertheless, their versatility spans a wide range of other applications from sensors to photocatalysts. For the ink formulation, we use an initial crystalline nanoparticle TiO2 phase that provides the main functionality of the printed films. We also add a Ti-precursor that, when post-treated, provides connecting paths for the initial phase thus forming continuous porous structures. We find that the ink’s formulation plays a pivotal role by providing the means for tuning its rheological properties (necessary for successful direct writing), the ink-substrate interactions, and the printed microstructures. We further discuss the implications of such compositional variations, introduced when adding polymeric agents, such as polyacrylic acid, on the crystallization of the Ti-organic precursor into TiO2 bridges between the nanoparticles. We finally report on the electrical properties of the printed TiO2 photoelectrodes as compared to conventionally fabricated counterparts. The design, continuous – flow direct writing, and the subsequent mild thermal-energy treatments of hybrid sol-gel based TiO2 inks may hold the key for large-scale and sustainable additive manufacturing of flexible functional components for a range of applications.
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Hiragond, Chaitanya B., Niket S. Powar, and Su-Il In. "Recent Developments in Lead and Lead-Free Halide Perovskite Nanostructures towards Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 2569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122569.

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Perovskite materials have been widely considered as emerging photocatalysts for CO2 reduction due to their extraordinary physicochemical and optical properties. Perovskites offer a wide range of benefits compared to conventional semiconductors, including tunable bandgap, high surface energy, high charge carrier lifetime, and flexible crystal structure, making them ideal for high-performance photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Notably, defect-induced perovskites, for example, crystallographic defects in perovskites, have given excellent opportunities to tune perovskites’ catalytic properties. Recently, lead (Pb) halide perovskite and their composites or heterojunction with other semiconductors, metal nanoparticles (NPs), metal complexes, graphene, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been well established for CO2 conversion. Besides, various halide perovskites have come under focus to avoid the toxicity of lead-based materials. Therefore, we reviewed the recent progress made by Pb and Pb-free halide perovskites in photo-assisted CO2 reduction into useful chemicals. We also discussed the importance of various factors like change in solvent, structure defects, and compositions in the fabrication of halide perovskites to efficiently convert CO2 into value-added products.
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Zhang, Bo, Zhenhai Wang, Xiangfeng Peng, Zhao Wang, Ling Zhou, and QiuXiang Yin. "A Novel Route to Manufacture 2D Layer MoS2 and g-C3N4 by Atmospheric Plasma with Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalysis." Nanomaterials 9, no. 8 (August 8, 2019): 1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9081139.

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An atmospheric plasma treatment strategy was developed to prepare two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets from (NH4)2MoS4 and bulk g-C3N4, respectively. The moderate temperature of plasma is beneficial for exfoliating bulk materials to thinner nanosheets. The thicknesses of as-prepared MoS2 and g-C3N4 nanosheets are 2–3 nm and 1.2 nm, respectively. They exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity on account of the nanosheet structure, larger surface area, more flexible photophysical properties, and longer charge carrier average lifetime. Under visible light irradiation, the hydrogen production rates of MoS2 and g-C3N4 by plasma were 3.3 and 1.5 times higher than the corresponding bulk materials, respectively. And g-C3N4 by plasma exhibited 2.5 and 1.3 times degradation rates on bulk that for methyl orange and rhodamine B, respectively. The mechanism of plasma preparation was proposed on account of microstructure characterization and online mass spectroscopy, which indicated that gas etching, gas expansion, and the repulsive force of electron play the key roles in the plasma exfoliation. Plasma as an environmentally benign approach provides a general platform for fabricating ultrathin nanosheet materials with prospective applications as photocatalysts for pollutant degradation and water splitting.
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Sun, Feng, Haina Qi, Yunrui Xie, Qianli Ma, Wurigamula He, Da Xu, Guoyi Wang, Wensheng Yu, Tianqi Wang, and Xiangting Dong. "Flexible self-supporting bifunctional [TiO2/C]//[Bi2WO6/C] carbon-based Janus nanofiber heterojunction photocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution and degradation of organic pollutant." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 830 (July 2020): 154673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154673.

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