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Journal articles on the topic 'Flexible mechanical metamaterials'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 October 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zhai, Zirui, Yong Wang, and Hanqing Jiang. "Origami-inspired, on-demand deployable and collapsible mechanical metamaterials with tunable stiffness." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 9 (2018): 2032–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720171115.

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Origami has been employed to build deployable mechanical metamaterials through folding and unfolding along the crease lines. Deployable metamaterials are usually flexible, particularly along their deploying and collapsing directions, which unfortunately in many cases leads to an unstable deployed state, i.e., small perturbations may collapse the structure along the same deployment path. Here we create an origami-inspired mechanical metamaterial with on-demand deployability and selective collapsibility through energy analysis. This metamaterial has autonomous deployability from the collapsed st

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2

Zheng, Xiaoyang, Koichiro Uto, Wei-Hsun Hu, Ta-Te Chen, Masanobu Naito, and Ikumu Watanabe. "Reprogrammable flexible mechanical metamaterials." Applied Materials Today 29 (December 2022): 101662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101662.

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3

Yasuda, Hiromi, Hang Shu, Weijian Jiao, Vincent Tournat, and Jordan Raney. "Collisions of nonlinear waves in flexible mechanical metamaterials." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (2022): A41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010592.

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Flexible mechanical metamaterials are compliant structures designed to achieve desired mechanical properties via large deformation or rotation of their components. While their static properties (such as Poisson’s ratio) have been studied extensively, much less work has been done on their dynamic properties, especially nonlinear dynamic properties induced by large movement of internal components. Here, we examine the nonlinear dynamic response arising from impact loading of mechanical materials that consist of 1D and 2D arrangements of rotating squares, which leads to formation of solitons. Per

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4

Jin, Eunji, In Seong Lee, Dongwook Kim, et al. "Metal-organic framework based on hinged cube tessellation as transformable mechanical metamaterial." Science Advances 5, no. 5 (2019): eaav4119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav4119.

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Mechanical metamaterials exhibit unusual properties, such as negative Poisson’s ratio, which are difficult to achieve in conventional materials. Rational design of mechanical metamaterials at the microscale is becoming popular partly because of the advance in three-dimensional printing technologies. However, incorporating movable building blocks inside solids, thereby enabling us to manipulate mechanical movement at the molecular scale, has been a difficult task. Here, we report a metal-organic framework, self-assembled from a porphyrin linker and a new type of Zn-based secondary building unit

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5

Zhang, Zhan, Christopher Brandt, Jean Jouve, et al. "Computational Design of Flexible Planar Microstructures." ACM Transactions on Graphics 42, no. 6 (2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3618396.

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Mechanical metamaterials enable customizing the elastic properties of physical objects by altering their fine-scale structure. A broad gamut of effective material properties can be produced even from a single fabrication material by optimizing the geometry of a periodic microstructure tiling. Past work has extensively studied the capabilities of microstructures in the small-displacement regime, where periodic homogenization of linear elasticity yields computationally efficient optimal design algorithms. However, many applications involve flexible structures undergoing large deformations for wh

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6

Dykstra, David M. J., Shahram Janbaz, and Corentin Coulais. "The extreme mechanics of viscoelastic metamaterials." APL Materials 10, no. 8 (2022): 080702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0094224.

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Mechanical metamaterials made of flexible building blocks can exhibit a plethora of extreme mechanical responses, such as negative elastic constants, shape-changes, programmability, and memory. To date, dissipation has largely remained overlooked for such flexible metamaterials. As a matter of fact, extensive care has often been devoted in the constitutive materials’ choice to avoid strong dissipative effects. However, in an increasing number of scenarios, where metamaterials are loaded dynamically, dissipation cannot be ignored. In this Research Update, we show that the interplay between mech

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7

Deng, B., J. R. Raney, K. Bertoldi, and V. Tournat. "Nonlinear waves in flexible mechanical metamaterials." Journal of Applied Physics 130, no. 4 (2021): 040901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0050271.

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8

Rafsanjani, Ahmad, Katia Bertoldi, and André R. Studart. "Programming soft robots with flexible mechanical metamaterials." Science Robotics 4, no. 29 (2019): eaav7874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aav7874.

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9

Wu, Lingling, Bo Li, and Ji Zhou. "Enhanced thermal expansion by micro-displacement amplifying mechanical metamaterial." MRS Advances 3, no. 8-9 (2018): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.217.

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ABSTRACTIt is important to achieve materials with large coefficient of thermal expansion in science and engineering applications. In this paper, we propose an experimentally-validated metamaterial approach to amplify the thermal expansion of materials based on the guiding principles of flexible hinges and displacement amplification mechanism. The thermal expansion property of the designed metamaterial is demonstrated by simulation and experiment with a temperature increase of 245 K for the two-dimensional sample. Both experimental and simulation results display amplified thermal expansion prop

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10

Slobozhanyuk, Alexey P., Mikhail Lapine, David A. Powell, et al. "Flexible Helices for Nonlinear Metamaterials." Advanced Materials 25, no. 25 (2013): 3409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201300840.

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11

Zhou, Xiang, Shixi Zang, and Zhong You. "Origami mechanical metamaterials based on the Miura-derivative fold patterns." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2191 (2016): 20160361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0361.

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This paper presents two new types of origami-inspired mechanical metamaterials based on the Miura-derivative fold patterns that consist of non-identical parallelogram facets. The analytical models to predict dimension changes and deformation kinematics of the proposed metamaterials are developed. Furthermore, by modelling the creases as revolute hinges with certain rotational spring constants, we derived analytical models for stretching and bulk moduli. The analytical models are validated through finite-element simulation results. Numerical examples reveal that the proposed metamaterials posse

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12

Demiquel, A., V. Achilleos, G. Theocharis, and V. Tournat. "Envelope vector solitons in nonlinear flexible mechanical metamaterials." Wave Motion 131 (December 2024): 103394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wavemoti.2024.103394.

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13

Xue, Chenhao, Nan Li, Shenggui Chen, Jiahua Liang, and Wurikaixi Aiyiti. "The Laser Selective Sintering Controlled Forming of Flexible TPMS Structures." Materials 16, no. 24 (2023): 7565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16247565.

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Sports equipment crafted from flexible mechanical metamaterials offers advantages due to its lightweight, comfort, and energy absorption, enhancing athletes’ well-being and optimizing their competitive performance. The utilization of metamaterials in sports gear like insoles, protective equipment, and helmets has garnered increasing attention. In comparison to traditional truss and honeycomb metamaterials, the triply periodic minimal surface lattice structure stands out due to its parametric design capabilities, enabling controllable performance. Furthermore, the use of flexible materials empo

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14

Tiwari, Ashish. "Future Directions and Research Gaps in Enhancing the Optical Properties of PMMA with Metamaterials." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 2, no. 12 (2023): 2303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15680/ijmrset.2019.0212013.

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Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a versatile polymer extensively used for its excellent optical clarity, mechanical properties, and ease of fabrication. However, to meet the demands of advanced optical and photonic technologies, PMMA’s intrinsic properties must be further enhanced. Integrating metamaterials—artificially engineered materials with unique electromagnetic properties—into PMMA has shown significant promise in overcoming these limitations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current research gaps and future directions in enhancing the optical properties of PMMA with m

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15

Pagliocca, Nicholas, Kazi Zahir Uddin, Ibnaj Anamika Anni, Chen Shen, George Youssef, and Behrad Koohbor. "Flexible planar metamaterials with tunable Poisson’s ratios." Materials & Design 215 (March 2022): 110446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110446.

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16

Tiwari, Ashish. "Enhancing the Optical Properties of PMMA with Metamaterials: Applications and Performance Analysis." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 3, no. 12 (2023): 1342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15680/ijmrset.2020.0312019.

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Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a versatile polymer extensively used for its excellent optical clarity, mechanical properties, and ease of fabrication. However, to meet the demands of advanced optical and photonic technologies, PMMA’s intrinsic properties must be further enhanced. Integrating metamaterials—artificially engineered materials with unique electromagnetic properties—into PMMA has shown significant promise in overcoming these limitations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the specific applications and performance analysis of PMMA enhanced with various metamaterials. Th

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17

Mazur, Ekaterina, and Igor Shishkovsky. "Additively Manufactured Hierarchical Auxetic Mechanical Metamaterials." Materials 15, no. 16 (2022): 5600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15165600.

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Due to the ability to create structures with complex geometry at micro- and nanoscales, modern additive technologies make it possible to produce artificial materials (metamaterials) with properties different from those of conventional materials found in nature. One of the classes with special properties is auxetic materials—materials with a negative Poisson’s ratio. In the review, we collect research results on the properties of auxetics, based on analytical, experimental and numerical methods. Special attention of this review is paid to the consideration of the results obtained in studies of

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18

Qi, Wu, Wang Zhigang, Yang Yu, Lu Yifei, Shi Xintong, and Bao Panpan. "Research on compliant wing design technology based on mechanical metamaterials." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2956, no. 1 (2025): 012029. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2956/1/012029.

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Abstract Continuous smooth deformable wings have significant advantages in improving aerodynamics and stealth performance, but most of the existing de-formable wings are still difficult to meet the practical engineering requirements in terms of high load and lightweight, multi-objective smooth continuous deformation etc. With the maturity of additive manufacturing technology, artificially designed mechanical metamaterial structures can produce rich mechanical properties under external loads, which is expected to solve the problem of large weight and single deformation mode of traditional defor

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19

Hu, Fuwen, and Tian Li. "An Origami Flexiball-Inspired Metamaterial Actuator and Its In-Pipe Robot Prototype." Actuators 10, no. 4 (2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10040067.

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Usually, polyhedra are viewed as the underlying constructive cells of packing or tiling in many disciplines, including crystallography, protein folding, viruses structure, building architecture, etc. Here, inspired by the flexible origami polyhedra (commonly called origami flexiballs), we initially probe into their intrinsic metamaterial properties and robotized methods from fabrication to actuation. Firstly, the topology, geometries and elastic energies of shape shifting are analyzed for the three kinds of origami flexiballs with extruded outward rhombic faces. Provably, they meet the definit

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20

Ren, Yulin, Guodong Hao, Xinsa Zhao, and Jianning Han. "A Tunable Z-Shaped Channel Gradient Metamaterial for Enhanced Detection of Weak Acoustic Signals." Crystals 15, no. 3 (2025): 216. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15030216.

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Acoustic sensing technology has attracted significant attention across various fields, including mechanical fault early warning and wireless communication, due to its high information density and advantages in remote wireless applications. However, environmental noise reduces the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in traditional acoustic systems. In response, this article proposes a novel Z-shaped channel gradient metamaterial (ZCGM) that leverages strong wave compression effects coupled with effective medium theory to detect weak signals in complex environments. The properties of the designed metama

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21

Liang, Xudong, and Alfred J. Crosby. "Uniaxial stretching mechanics of cellular flexible metamaterials." Extreme Mechanics Letters 35 (February 2020): 100637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2020.100637.

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22

Deng, Bolei, Siqin Yu, Antonio E. Forte, Vincent Tournat, and Katia Bertoldi. "Characterization, stability, and application of domain walls in flexible mechanical metamaterials." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 49 (2020): 31002–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015847117.

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Domain walls, commonly occurring at the interface of different phases in solid-state materials, have recently been harnessed at the structural scale to enable additional modes of functionality. Here, we combine experimental, numerical, and theoretical tools to investigate the domain walls emerging upon uniaxial compression in a mechanical metamaterial based on the rotating-squares mechanism. We first show that these interfaces can be generated and controlled by carefully arranging a few phase-inducing defects. We establish an analytical model to capture the evolution of the domain walls as a f

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23

Hu, Songtao, Xiaobao Cao, Tom Reddyhoff, et al. "Liquid repellency enhancement through flexible microstructures." Science Advances 6, no. 32 (2020): eaba9721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba9721.

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Artificial liquid-repellent surfaces have attracted substantial scientific and industrial attention with a focus on creating functional topological features; however, the role of the underlying structures has been overlooked. Recent developments in micro-nanofabrication allow us now to construct a skin-muscle type system combining interfacial liquid repellence atop a mechanically functional structure. Specifically, we design surfaces comprising bioinspired, mushroom-like repelling heads and spring-like flexible supports, which are realized by three-dimensional direct laser lithography. The fle

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24

Zhou, Shengru, Chao Liang, Ziqi Mei, et al. "Design and Implementation of a Flexible Electromagnetic Actuator for Tunable Terahertz Metamaterials." Micromachines 15, no. 2 (2024): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15020219.

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Actuators play a crucial role in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and hold substantial potential for applications in various domains, including reconfigurable metamaterials. This research aims to design, fabricate, and characterize structures for the actuation of the EMA. The electromagnetic actuator overcomes the lack of high drive voltage required by other actuators. The proposed actuator configuration comprises supporting cantilever beams with fixed ends, an integrated coil positioned above the cantilever’s movable plate, and a permanent magnet located beneath the cantilever’s movable

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25

Sekiguchi, Ten, Hidetaka Ueno, Vivek Anand Menon, et al. "UV-curable Polydimethylsiloxane Photolithography and Its Application to Flexible Mechanical Metamaterials." Sensors and Materials 35, no. 6 (2023): 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.18494/sam4351.

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26

Yang, Yicheng. "Overview of the Current State of Research on Metamaterials in Biomedicine." BIO Web of Conferences 142 (2024): 03020. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202414203020.

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This paper reviews the wide range of applications and current research status of metamaterials in the biomedical field, demonstrating their great potential in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, promoting tissue regeneration, and treating diseases. This paper reviews the wide range of applications and current research status of metamaterials in the biomedical field, demonstrating their great potential in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, promoting tissue regeneration, and treating diseases. performance of traditional materials, metamaterials have made remarkable progress in the biomedical field by vir

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27

Li, Nan, Chenhao Xue, Shenggui Chen, et al. "3D Printing of Flexible Mechanical Metamaterials: Synergistic Design of Process and Geometric Parameters." Polymers 15, no. 23 (2023): 4523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15234523.

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Mechanical metamaterials with ultralight and ultrastrong mechanical properties are extensively employed in various industrial sectors, with three-periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures gaining significant research attention due to their symmetry, equation-driven characteristics, and exceptional mechanical properties. Compared to traditional lattice structures, TPMS structures exhibit superior mechanical performance. The mechanical properties of TPMS structures depend on the base material, structural porosity (volume fraction), and wall thickness. Hard rigid lattice structures such as Gyroi

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28

Dunne, Jai. "Chainmail inspired metamaterials for use in protective sports equipment." Graduate Journal of Sports Science, Coaching, Management, & Rehabilitation 1, no. 3 (2024): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/gjsscmr.v1i3.1509.

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Contact sports and action sports require intense performance yet also include a high risk of injury. Subsequently, protective equipment for those sports usually must trade flexibility for protection and vice versa. Chainmail inspired mechanical metamaterials could be a solution to this dilemma. Chainmail is a type of body armour, consisting of a structured fabric made up of thousands of interlocking metallic rings. Chainmail inspired materials have recently been made from connected 3D shapes, rather than the typical 2D (flat) rings. This chainmail inspired material is flexible when relaxed but

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29

Bar-Sinai, Yohai, Gabriele Librandi, Katia Bertoldi, and Michael Moshe. "Geometric charges and nonlinear elasticity of two-dimensional elastic metamaterials." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 19 (2020): 10195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920237117.

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Problems of flexible mechanical metamaterials, and highly deformable porous solids in general, are rich and complex due to their nonlinear mechanics and the presence of nontrivial geometrical effects. While numeric approaches are successful, analytic tools and conceptual frameworks are largely lacking. Using an analogy with electrostatics, and building on recent developments in a nonlinear geometric formulation of elasticity, we develop a formalism that maps the two-dimensional (2D) elastic problem into that of nonlinear interaction of elastic charges. This approach offers an intuitive concept

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30

Luo, Sisi, Jianjiao Hao, Fuju Ye, et al. "Evolution of the Electromagnetic Manipulation: From Tunable to Programmable and Intelligent Metasurfaces." Micromachines 12, no. 8 (2021): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12080988.

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Looking back on the development of metamaterials in the past 20 years, metamaterials have gradually developed from three-dimensional complex electromagnetic structures to a two-dimensional metasurface with a low profile, during which a series of subversive achievements have been produced. The form of electromagnetic manipulation of the metasurface has evolved from passive to active tunable, programmable, and other dynamic and real-time controllable forms. In particular, the proposal of coding and programmable metasurfaces endows metasurfaces with new vitality. By describing metamaterials throu

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31

Li, Jian, Yi Yuan, Jiao Wang, Ronghao Bao, and Weiqiu Chen. "Propagation of nonlinear waves in graded flexible metamaterials." International Journal of Impact Engineering 156 (October 2021): 103924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2021.103924.

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32

Filipov, Evgueni T., Tomohiro Tachi, and Glaucio H. Paulino. "Origami tubes assembled into stiff, yet reconfigurable structures and metamaterials." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 40 (2015): 12321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509465112.

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Thin sheets have long been known to experience an increase in stiffness when they are bent, buckled, or assembled into smaller interlocking structures. We introduce a unique orientation for coupling rigidly foldable origami tubes in a “zipper” fashion that substantially increases the system stiffness and permits only one flexible deformation mode through which the structure can deploy. The flexible deployment of the tubular structures is permitted by localized bending of the origami along prescribed fold lines. All other deformation modes, such as global bending and twisting of the structural

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33

Chen, Xing, Li Cai, and Jihong Wen. "Extreme mechanical metamaterials with independently adjustable elastic modulus and mass density." Applied Physics Express 15, no. 4 (2022): 047001. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/ac5872.

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Abstract The mechanical properties of artificially periodic structures are closely related to the geometric dimensions of the structures. In this letter, we derive analytical expressions for the equivalent elastic parameters of a hexagonal cellular structure with additional counterweight mass blocks, and the accuracy of these analytical expressions is verified by numerical results. By analyzing the analytical expressions, we rigorously demonstrate an approximate decoupling relationship between the elastic modulus and mass density. Finally, we creatively propose a structure that can simultaneou

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34

Saoud, Ahmad, Diogo Queiros-Conde, Ahmad Omar, and Thomas Michelitsch. "Intelligent Anti-Seismic Foundation: The Role of Fractal Geometry." Buildings 13, no. 8 (2023): 1891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13081891.

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Safe and resistant infrastructure is an essential component of public safety. However, existing structures are vulnerable to damage resulting from excessive ground movement due to seismic activity or underground explosions. The aim of this paper, which is part of an extensive study, is to develop an isolation system based on periodic materials with H-fractal geometry in order to obstruct, absorb or completely modify the pattern of seismic energy before it reaches the foundations of structures. Fractal metamaterial structures have shown promise for increasing the frequency range prohibited for

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35

Wang, Zhigang, Qi Wu, Yifei Lu, et al. "Design of a Distributedly Active Morphing Wing Based on Digital Metamaterials." Aerospace 9, no. 12 (2022): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9120762.

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Morphing wings are a typical application of shape-adaptive structures in aviation, which play an important role in improving the comprehensive performance of an aircraft. However, traditional morphing wings based on purely mechanical, rigid-flexible coupling, or purely flexible structures usually cannot achieve a distributed morphing ability and have limitations in weight, intelligence level, and reliability. In this paper, a distributed morphing lattice structure based on variable geometry digital metamaterials is proposed. The innovative structural concept consists of three types of fundamen

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36

Effah, Elijah, Ezekiel Edward Nettey-Oppong, Ahmed Ali, Kyung Min Byun, and Seung Ho Choi. "Tunable Metasurfaces Based on Mechanically Deformable Polymeric Substrates." Photonics 10, no. 2 (2023): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10020119.

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The emergence of metamaterials has presented an unprecedented platform to control the fundamental properties of light at the nanoscale. Conventional metamaterials, however, possess passive properties that cannot be modulated post-fabrication, limiting their application spectrum. Recent metasurface research has explored a plethora of active control mechanisms to modulate the optical properties of metasurfaces post-fabrication. A key active control mechanism of optical properties involves the use of mechanical deformation, aided by deformable polymeric substrates. The use of deformable polymeric

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Li, Jian, Ronghao Bao, and Weiqiu Chen. "Exploring static responses, mode transitions, and feasible tunability of Kagome-based flexible mechanical metamaterials." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 186 (May 2024): 105599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2024.105599.

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Zhuang, Shulei, Xinyu Li, Tong Yang, et al. "Graphene-Based Absorption–Transmission Multi-Functional Tunable THz Metamaterials." Micromachines 13, no. 8 (2022): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13081239.

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The paper reports an absorption–transmission multifunctional tunable metamaterial based on graphene. Its pattern graphene layer can achieve broadband absorption, while the frequency selective layer can achieve the transmission of specific band. Furthermore, the absorption and transmission can be controlled by applying voltage to regulate the chemical potential of graphene. The analysis results show that the absorption of the metamaterial is adjustable from 22% to 99% in the 0.72 THz~1.26 THz band and the transmittance is adjustable from 80% to 95% in 2.35 THz. The metamaterial uses UV glue as

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Song, Yihao, and Yanfeng Shen. "Highly morphing and reconfigurable fluid–solid interactive metamaterials for tunable ultrasonic guided wave control." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 26 (2022): 264102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0117634.

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Fluid–structural interactions enable the alternation of local resonance behaviors of elastic metamaterial unit cells. Magnetically active ferrofluids facilitate reconfiguration couplings for breaking and tunneling ultrasonic wave energy transmission. This Letter presents a magnetic fluid–solid interactive metamaterial to achieve the tunable manipulation of multimodal, dispersive ultrasonic guided waves. It is revealed that the phenomenon of the fluid–structure interaction plays an indispensable role in the achievement of bandgap formation and translation. The tunable mechanism stems from the v

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40

Feng, Xiaobin, Ke Cao, Xiege Huang, Guodong Li, and Yang Lu. "Nanolayered CoCrFeNi/Graphene Composites with High Strength and Crack Resistance." Nanomaterials 12, no. 12 (2022): 2113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12122113.

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Emerging high-entropy alloy (HEA) films achieve high strength but generally show ineludible brittle fractures, strongly restricting their micro/nano-mechanical and functional applications. Nanolayered (NL) CoCrFeNi/graphene composites are elaborately fabricated via magnetron sputtering and the transfer process. It is uncovered that NL CoCrFeNi/graphene composite pillars exhibit a simultaneous ultra-high strength of 4.73 GPa and considerable compressive plasticity of over 20%. Detailed electron microscope observations and simulations reveal that the monolayer graphene interface can effectively

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41

Kim, Jang Hwan, Su Eon Lee, and Bong Hoon Kim. "Applications of flexible and stretchable three-dimensional structures for soft electronics." Soft Science 3, no. 2 (2023): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2023.07.

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The development of devices that can be mechanically deformed in geometrical layouts, such as flexible/stretchable devices, is important for various applications. Conventional flexible/stretchable devices have been demonstrated using two-dimensional (2D) geometry, resulting in dimensional constraints on device operations and functionality limitations. Accordingly, expanding the dimensions in which such devices can operate and acquiring unique functionality that is difficult to implement in 2D planar structures remain challenging. As a solution, the development of a flexible/stretchable device e

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42

Yu, Junmin, Can Nerse, Kyoung-jin Chang, and Semyung Wang. "A framework of flexible locally resonant metamaterials for attachment to curved structures." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 204 (August 2021): 106533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2021.106533.

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43

Hu, Zhou, Zhibo Wei, Kun Wang, et al. "Engineering zero modes in transformable mechanical metamaterials." Nature Communications 14, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36975-2.

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AbstractIn the field of flexible metamaterial design, harnessing zero modes plays a key part in enabling reconfigurable elastic properties of the metamaterial with unconventional characteristics. However, only quantitative enhancement of certain properties succeeds in most cases rather than qualitative transformation of the metamaterials’ states or/and functionalities, due to the lack of systematic designs on the corresponding zero modes. Here, we propose a 3D metamaterial with engineered zero modes, and experimentally demonstrate its transformable static and dynamic properties. All seven type

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44

Bertoldi, Katia, Vincenzo Vitelli, Johan Christensen, and Martin van Hecke. "Flexible mechanical metamaterials." Nature Reviews Materials 2, no. 11 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2017.66.

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45

Li, Lin, Feiyu Yang, Fufu Yang, Rongfu Lin, and Jun Zhang. "Fully foldable mechanical metamaterials with isotropic auxeticity and its generated multi-mode folding form." Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics, December 6, 2024, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4067345.

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Abstract Auxetic materials, a type of mechanical metamaterial with negative Poisson's ratios, are potentially utilized in the realms of energy absorption and engineering structures. However, most of the existing auxetic materials either contain a large amount of rotational motion or still have gaps when fully folded, which is not conducive to lifting loads. Besides, their application is limited to flexible environments due to their single-folding mode. To overcome such limitations, a fully foldable mechanical metamaterial with isotropic auxeticity is proposed by utilizing the Sarrus mechanism,

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Yang, Haiying, Haibao Lu, Dong-Wei Shu, and Yong Qing (Richard) Fu. "Multimodal origami shape memory metamaterials undergoing compression-twist coupling." Smart Materials and Structures, June 8, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/acdcd7.

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Abstract As origami structures display designable and predictable folding or unfolding shape changes, the origami-inspired mechanical metamaterials have recently been extensively investigated for applications in metamaterial engineering. There were many previous studies on the conventional hexagonal Kresling origami structures, however, there are many issues such as structural optimizations and designable strategies for the mechanical metamaterials, which have not been solved. To solve these issues, in this study, we studied the influences of crease direction, the number of sides, and unit arr

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El Helou, Charles, Philip R. Buskohl, Christopher E. Tabor, and Ryan L. Harne. "Digital logic gates in soft, conductive mechanical metamaterials." Nature Communications 12, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21920-y.

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AbstractIntegrated circuits utilize networked logic gates to compute Boolean logic operations that are the foundation of modern computation and electronics. With the emergence of flexible electronic materials and devices, an opportunity exists to formulate digital logic from compliant, conductive materials. Here, we introduce a general method of leveraging cellular, mechanical metamaterials composed of conductive polymers to realize all digital logic gates and gate assemblies. We establish a method for applying conductive polymer networks to metamaterial constituents and correlate mechanical b

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Han, Donghai, Wenkang Li, Yushan Hou, et al. "Controllable Wrinkling Inspired Multifunctional Metamaterial for Near‐Field and Holographic Displays." Laser & Photonics Reviews, December 20, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202300879.

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AbstractTunable electromagnetic (EM) metamaterials have received significant attention due to their compelling advantages of integration and minimization compared with conventional bulky devices. Meanwhile, mechanically reconfigurable metamaterials have witnessed a striving period over recent years due to their simplified structural composition and confined modulation capabilities. Here, a controllable‐wrinkling‐based reconfiguration method is proposed to design split‐ring resonant units with dynamic transmittance spectra by switching between planar and wrinkling morphologies. For the linear p

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Sano, Tomohiko G., Emile Hohnadel, Toshiyuki Kawata, Thibaut Métivet, and Florence Bertails-Descoubes. "Randomly stacked open cylindrical shells as functional mechanical energy absorber." Communications Materials 4, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43246-023-00383-2.

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AbstractStructures with artificially engineered mechanical properties, often called mechanical metamaterials, are interesting for their tunable functionality. Various types of mechanical metamaterials have been proposed in the literature, designed to harness light or magnetic interactions, structural instabilities in slender or hollow structures, and contact friction. However, most of the designs are ideally engineered without any imperfections, in order to perform deterministically as programmed. Here, we study the mechanical performance of randomly stacked cylindrical shells, which act as a

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Han, Dong, Fan Yang, Yi Zhang, and Xin Ren. "A novel square-section auxetic lattice tubular metamaterial with favourable bending behaviour." Smart Materials and Structures, July 11, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/adeee5.

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Abstract The bending properties of square auxetic tubular lattice (SATL) metamaterial were examined, in comparison with the circular auxetic tubular lattice (CATL) metamaterials and square diamond tubular lattice (SDTL) structures. The SATL metamaterial possesses higher flexibility compared with SDTL, and stronger collision resistance than the CATL. The influences of curvature radius R and unit cell rib width d on the bending properties of the SATL metamaterials were analyzed. The results show that smaller R and d could make the SATL metamaterials more flexible. Then, the bending properties of

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