Journal articles: 'Flexible fibres'

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Parasakthibala, Ms G., and Mrs A. S. Monisha. "A Review on Natural Fibers; Its Properties and Application Over Synthetic Fibers." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 1894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46530.

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Abstract: Fibre is a long, thin strand or thread of material made by weaving or knitting threads together. Fibre is a hair like strand of material. A fibre is the smallest visible unit of any textile product. Fibres are flexible and may be spun into yarn and made into fabric. Natural fibres are taken from animals, vegetables or mineral sources. A few examples of widely used natural fibres include animal fibre such as wool and silk vegetables fibres, especially cotton and flax and asbestos, a mineral. Natural fibers are more important part in our human environment. Natural fibers are ecofriendly and inexpensive which are readily available in nature. In this chapter we discuss about the overview of natural fiber and their characteristic. this paper also deals with the impact of natural fibers over the synthetic fibers and also the application of natural fiber in various fields.

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Guo, Y., C. Wassgren, B. Hancock, W. Ketterhagen, and J. Curtis. "Computational study of granular shear flows of dry flexible fibres using the discrete element method." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 775 (June 16, 2015): 24–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.289.

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In this study, shear flows of dry flexible fibres are numerically modelled using the discrete element method (DEM), and the effects of fibre properties on the flow behaviour and solid-phase stresses are explored. In the DEM simulations, a fibre is formed by connecting a number of spheres in a straight line using deformable and elastic bonds. The forces and moments induced by the bond deformation resist the relative normal, tangential, bending and torsional movements between two bonded spheres. The bond or deforming stiffness determines the flexibility of the fibres and the bond damping accounts for the energy dissipation in the fibre vibration. The simulation results show that elastically bonded fibres have smaller effective coefficients of restitution than rigidly connected fibres. Thus, smaller solid-phase stresses are obtained for flexible fibres, particularly with bond damping, compared with rigid fibres. Frictionless fibres tend to align with a small angle from the flow direction as the solid volume fraction increases, and fibre deformation is minimized due to the alignment. However, jamming, with a corresponding sharp stress increase, large fibre deformation and dense contact force network, occurs for fibres with friction at high solid volume fractions. It is also found that jamming is more prevalent in dense flows with larger fibre friction coefficient, rougher surface, larger stiffness and larger aspect ratio.

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Ullrich, Julia, Martin Eisenreich, Yvonne Zimmermann, Dominik Mayer, Nina Koehne, Jacqueline F. Tschannett, Amalid Mahmud-Ali, and Thomas Bechtold. "Piezo-Sensitive Fabrics from Carbon Black Containing Conductive Cellulose Fibres for Flexible Pressure Sensors." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 16, 2020): 5150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225150.

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The design of flexible sensors which can be incorporated in textile structures is of decisive importance for the future development of wearables. In addition to their technical functionality, the materials chosen to construct the sensor should be nontoxic, affordable, and compatible with future recycling. Conductive fibres were produced by incorporation of carbon black into regenerated cellulose fibres. By incorporation of 23 wt.% and 27 wt.% carbon black, the surface resistance of the fibres reduced from 1.3 × 1010 Ω·cm for standard viscose fibres to 2.7 × 103 and 475 Ω·cm, respectively. Fibre tenacity reduced to 30–50% of a standard viscose; however, it was sufficient to allow processing of the material in standard textile operations. A fibre blend of the conductive viscose fibres with polyester fibres was used to produce a needle-punched nonwoven material with piezo-electric properties, which was used as a pressure sensor in the very low pressure range of 400–1000 Pa. The durability of the sensor was demonstrated in repetitive load/relaxation cycles. As a regenerated cellulose fibre, the carbon-black-incorporated cellulose fibre is compatible with standard textile processing operations and, thus, will be of high interest as a functional element in future wearables.

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Manikantan, Harishankar, Lei Li, Saverio E. Spagnolie, and David Saintillan. "The instability of a sedimenting suspension of weakly flexible fibres." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 756 (September 9, 2014): 935–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.482.

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AbstractSuspensions of sedimenting slender fibres in a viscous fluid are known to be unstable to fluctuations of concentration. In this paper we develop a theory for the role of fibre flexibility in sedimenting suspensions in the asymptotic regime of weakly flexible bodies (large elasto-gravitation number). Unlike the behaviour of straight fibres, individual flexible filaments rotate as they sediment, leading to an anisotropic base state of fibre orientations in an otherwise homogeneous suspension. A mean-field theory is derived to describe the evolution of fibre concentration and orientation fields, and we explore the stability of the base state to perturbations of fibre concentration. We show that fibre flexibility affects suspension stability in two distinct and competing ways: the anisotropy of the base state renders the suspension more unstable to perturbations, while individual particle self-rotation acts to prevent clustering and stabilizes the suspension. In the presence of thermal noise, the dominant effect depends critically upon the relative scales of flexible fibre self-rotation compared to rotational Brownian motion.

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Williams, Huw. "Marketable fibres need flexible physicists." Physics World 4, no. 5 (May 1991): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/4/5/33.

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Edgerton, V. R., T. P. Martin, S. C. Bodine, and R. R. Roy. "How flexible is the neural control of muscle properties?" Journal of Experimental Biology 115, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.115.1.393.

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The issue addressed in this paper is to what extent are selected physiological properties and associated protein systems of muscle fibres controlled or regulated by neuronal systems. One extreme position would be that all muscle proteins are controlled completely by the neural system that innervates the muscle. The opposite position would be that none of the muscle proteins are under neural influence. Although the concept that there is complete neural control of all proteins has generally received more support, it is more likely that there is only partial neural control of some proteins. Identical physiological, morphological and metabolic properties of all muscle fibres within a motor unit would suggest a complete neural control of all protein systems in muscle fibres. However, evidence against this idea is provided by the marked heterogeneity in the activities of two enzymes, alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), and in the wide variations in muscle fibre cross-sectional areas among fibres of the same motor unit in the cat soleus and tibialis anterior.

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Prabu, Krishnaa, J. Srinivasan, and C. Prakash. "Ceramic and Glass Fibre Reinforced Flexible Composites for Particulate Filter Walls – A Novel Approach." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 27, no. 3(135) (June 30, 2019): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7747.

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Flexible composites from high performance fibres were developed and targeted to replace the wall of existing rigid ceramic Particulate Filters. The composites are made from E Glass fibre webs of different density in the middle, with standard SiC Ceramic fibres webs in in the outer layers, forming a sandwich structure. Different needling densities were applied to form nonwoven composites, and they were stitched diagonally on the surface at specified intervals with continuous glass fibre filament yarn. In total, nine novel flexible composites were developed and evaluated for their structural, surface, mechanical and thermal properties. Based on the results and statistical analysis, the B2 sample is considered to be taken for further research to develop Particulate Matter (PM) filters.

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LUSIS, Vitalijs, Andrejs KRASNIKOVS, Olga KONONOVA, Videvuds-Arijs LAPSA, Rimvydas STONYS, Arturs MACANOVSKIS, and Arturs LUKASENOKS. "EFFECT OF SHORT FIBERS ORIENTATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL – FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 23, no. 8 (November 20, 2017): 1091–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1381643.

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Traditional fiberconcrete structures have fibres in the mix oriented in all spatial directions, distributed in the structural element volume homogenously, what not easy to obtain in practice. In many situations, structurally more effective is the insertion of fibres into the concrete structural element body by forming layers, with a predetermined fibre concentration and orientation in every layer. In the present investigation, layered fibre concrete is under investigation. Short steel fibres were attached to flexible warps with the necessary fibres concentration and orientation. Warps were placed into the prismatic mould separating them by concrete layers without fibres. Prisms were matured and tested under four-point bending. The bending-affected mechanical behaviour of cracked fibre concrete was simulated numerically by using a developed structural model. Comparing the simulation results with experimental data, material micromechanical fracture mechanisms were analysed and evaluated.

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Harvey, G., A. Gachagan, J. W. Mackersie, T. Mccunnie, and R. Banks. "Flexible ultrasonic transducers incorporating piezoelectric fibres." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 56, no. 9 (September 2009): 1999–2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2009.1276.

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Wan, Tao Yu, Mohammad Chowdhury, and George K. Stylios. "The Formation and Morphology of PVA Ferrogel Nanofibre by the Electrospinning Process." Materials Science Forum 650 (May 2010): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.650.361.

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Aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with FeCl3 were homogenously mixed and subsequently electrospun; and its characteristics were studied as a function of voltage, tip-target distance and solution flow rate. Fiber mats of (PVA)/FeCl3 composite, in the diameter of 700–1100 nm were prepared by electrospinning. Lower concentrations of solution tended to facilitate the formation of fibres with beads. With increasing concentration, the morphology was improved with smooth and uniform fibres and the increased fibre diameters in the nano range. Spinning voltage also had an important influence on the diameters of the nano fibres, while the collection distance affected fibre diameters. Nano fibres of smaller diameter were formed when lower voltages are applied. The morphology of the electrospun from PVA/FeCl3 nano fibres and their magnetic power was observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The fibres produced in this way could potentially be applied to manufacture magnetic sensors, flexible magnets.

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Argyros, Alexander. "Microstructures in Polymer Fibres for Optical Fibres, THz Waveguides, and Fibre-Based Metamaterials." ISRN Optics 2013 (February 12, 2013): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/785162.

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This paper reviews the topic of microstructured polymer fibres in the fields in which these have been utilised: microstructured optical fibres, terahertz waveguides, and fibre-drawn metamaterials. Microstructured polymer optical fibres were initially investigated in the context of photonic crystal fibre research, and several unique features arising from the combination of polymer and microstructure were identified. This lead to investigations in sensing, particularly strain sensing based on gratings, and short-distance data transmission. The same principles have been extended to waveguides at longer wavelengths, for terahertz frequencies, where microstructured polymer waveguides offer the possibility for low-loss flexible waveguides for this frequency region. Furthermore, the combination of microstructured polymer fibres and metals is being investigated in the fabrication of metamaterials, as a scalable method for their manufacture. This paper will review the materials and fabrication methods developed, past and current research in these three areas, and future directions of this fabrication platform.

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Hamedi, Naser, and Lars-Göran Westerberg. "Simulation of Flexible Fibre Particle Interaction with a Single Cylinder." Processes 9, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020191.

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In the present study, the flow of a fibre suspension in a channel containing a cylinder was numerically studied for a very low Reynolds number. Further, the model was validated against previous studies by observing the flexible fibres in the shear flow. The model was employed to simulate the rigid, semi-flexible, and fully flexible fibre particle in the flow past a single cylinder. Two different fibre lengths with various flexibilities were applied in the simulations, while the initial orientation angle to the flow direction was changed between 45° ≤ θ ≤ 75°. It was shown that the influence of the fibre orientation was more significant for the larger orientation angle. The results highlighted the influence of several factors affecting the fibre particle in the flow past the cylinder.

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Bai, S. L., R. K. Y. Li, Y. W. Mai, and C. M. L. Wu. "Morphological Study of Sisal Fibres." Advanced Composites Letters 11, no. 3 (May 2002): 096369350201100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350201100304.

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A sisal fibre has microstructures very different from those of synthetic fibres. The special microstructures consist of parallel cells and a cuticle-interface in the form of a continuous network around each cell. The flexible interface and solid cells play an independent role to toughen and strengthen the sisal fibre, respectively. Upon loading, the cell can behave in a brittle or a ductile fashion. The main failure mechanisms of a sisal fibre are the pullout and uncoiling of cells and the debonding of a not very strong interface/cell interface. Therefore, debonding of this interface represents the first initial damage of a sisal fibre composite.

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Andrade-Silva, Ignacio, Théo Godefroy, Olivier Pouliquen, and Joel Marthelot. "Cohesion of bird nests." EPJ Web of Conferences 249 (2021): 06014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124906014.

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One striking difference between aggregates of flexible frictional fibres and other granular materials like rigid spheres is the effective cohesion of their assembly. While glue or capillary bridges are needed to shape aggregates of spherical particles and build sandcastles, for fibres, no need for glue to build a nest. Here we study an assembly of mono disperse flexible fibres. We first use X-ray microtomography to characterise the geometry of the initial assembly, the number of contact points and mean curvatures of the fibres. Using forcedisplacement measurements, we characterise the macroscopic cohesive strength of the aggregate by varying the geometry of the fibres, the fibres mechanicals properties and the packing of the preparation. Finally, we relate the macroscopic mechanical behaviour of the assembly with the filament reorganisation at the microscopic scale.

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Jaworski, J. W. "Sound from aeroelastic vortex–fibre interactions." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2159 (October 14, 2019): 20190071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0071.

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The motion of a line vortex moving past a one-dimensional flexible fibre is examined theoretically. A Schwarz–Christoffel conformal mapping enables the analytical solution of the potential flow field and its hydrodynamic moment on the flexible fibre, which is composed of a rigid segment constrained to angular motions on a wedge. The hydroelastic coupling of the vortex path and fibre motion affects the noise signature, which is evaluated for the special case of acoustically compact fibres embedded in a half plane. Results from this analysis attempt to address how the coupled interactions between vortical sources and flexible barbules on the upper surface of owl wings may contribute to their acoustic stealth. The analytical formulation is also amenable to application to vortex sound prediction from flexible trailing edges provided that an appropriate acoustic Green's function can be determined. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Frontiers of aeroacoustics research: theory, computation and experiment’.

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Yang, Yang, Yongquan Wang, Tao Yao, and Xiaojuan Feng. "A flexible carbon fibre-based electrothermal film for fast actuation of shape memory alloy sheets." Smart Materials and Structures 31, no. 4 (March 10, 2022): 045019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac5808.

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Abstract Two-dimensional shape memory alloy (SMA) structures have great potential in intelligent and highly flexible robots. However, they have challenges in direct electric heating. This paper proposes a solution to heat SMA sheets using carbon fibres as surface heat sources and indirectly transmits Joule heat generated by the carbon fibres to the SMA sheets. The preparation process of the carbon fibre-based thermoelectric composite film is illustrated in this study. The effect of heat source (carbon fibre) distribution on heat transfer characteristics and the temperature field of the SMA surface is simulated. Then, a functional prototype integrated thermoelectric film and flexible SMA is fabricated, and its effectiveness is verified by local and global activation, respectively. The results show that the composite structure can recover deformation rapidly in 2 s with only 0.7 A running current (applied to each carbon fibre). In addition, the local temperature control method can also realize distributed (spatial dimension) and sequential (temporal dimension) control of the structure. The proposed solution is expected to expand further the design and control of complex, intelligent structures with the development of 4D printing technology.

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Kondora, Grzegorz, and Dariusz Asendrych. "Modelling the Dynamics of Flexible and Rigid Fibres." Chemical and Process Engineering 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cpe-2013-0008.

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Abstract A particle-level simulation technique has been developed for modelling fibre suspension flow in a converging channel of a papermachine headbox. The fibre model is represented by a chain of elements connected together. The model was verified by the simulation of rigid fibre dynamics in a simple shear flow. The period of rotation was found to be in a very good agreement with theory and reference data. The model was then employed to simulate fibre motion in a converging channel of a papermachine headbox. Fibre suspension motion was resolved using two-step procedure. Velocity field was calculated by means of a commercial CFD code ANSYS Fluent with RSM turbulence model applied and used as an input to the in-house code allowing to simulate fibre dynamics. Results of the calculations were used to construct the fibre orientation probability distribution (FOPD) which was found to be consistent with available experimental data.

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Narinc, Muhammed E., and Alper Gurarslan. "AgNW coated on poplar fibres for flexible capacitors." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 460 (December 24, 2018): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/460/1/012022.

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Zhang, Junxian, Andrew L. Hector, Samantha Soulé, Qinghua Zhang, and Xin Zhao. "Effects of ammonolysis and of sol–gel titanium oxide nitride coating on carbon fibres for use in flexible supercapacitors." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 12 (2018): 5208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta11142h.

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Smooth titanium oxide nitride coatings have been deposited on carbon fibres using a non-oxide sol–gel method based on self-condensation of titanium alkylamide species. Flexible supercapacitors made from the fibres had competitive energy and power densities.

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Kakonke, Grace, Tamrat Tesfaye, Bruce Sithole, and Mbuyu Ntunka. "A Novel Method for Rapid Extraction Of Biofibres from Waste Chicken Feathers." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.31.

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South Africa is the biggest chicken meat producer in Southern Africa and generates about 258 million kg of waste feathers. Although some of this waste is beneficiated into animal feed and fertiliser there are problems in adequate digestion of the feed by animals. Consequently, there is a need to find other innovative ways of beneficiating the waste. In this paper, beneficiating of feathers by extraction of fibres for possible conversion into high value products was explored. Three mechanical methods for extracting fibres from feathers were evaluated and the properties of the resultant fibres were studied and compared: they were using a tweezer, a blender, and a novel stripping method using a pulp fluffer. The results revealed that fibres extracted from chicken feathers using a tweezer or a blender had a hollow structure whereas those from the fluffer exhibited pronounced damaging effects on the fibre structure as some barbules were detached from their rami. Fluffer fibres had the highest average length of 16.56 mm followed by blender (16.15 mm) and tweezer (14.84 mm); they were also the most flexible with an aspect ratio of 476.29. The modified pulp fluffer appeared to be a cost-effective and an efficient method of grinding feathers into commercial fibres.

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Bakhtiari, R., S. Ghobadi, E. N. Güllüoğlu, L. I. Şanlı, S. A. Gürsel, and E. Özden-Yenigün. "Macroscopic assembly of flexible and strong green graphene fibres." RSC Advances 7, no. 43 (2017): 26735–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra03975a.

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Filippov, A. E., and V. Popov. "Flexible tissue with fibres interacting with an adhesive surface." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 19, no. 9 (February 14, 2007): 096012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/19/9/096012.

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Di Giusto, Davide, and Cristian Marchioli. "Turbulence Modulation by Slender Fibers." Fluids 7, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7080255.

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In this paper, we numerically investigate the turbulence modulation produced by long flexible fibres in channel flow. The simulations are based on an Euler–Lagrangian approach, where fibres are modelled as chains of constrained, sub-Kolmogorov rods. A novel algorithm is deployed to make the resolution of dispersed systems of constraint equations, which represent the fibres, compatible with a state-of-the-art, Graphics Processing Units-accelerated flow-solver for direct numerical simulations in the two-way coupling regime on High Performance Computing architectures. Two-way coupling is accounted for using the Exact Regularized Point Particle method, which allows to calculate the disturbance generated by the fibers on the flow considering progressively refined grids, down to a quasi-viscous length-scale. The bending stiffness of the fibers is also modelled, while collisions are neglected. Results of fluid velocity statistics for friction Reynolds number of the flow Reτ=150 and fibers with Stokes number St = 0.01 (nearly tracers) and 10 (inertial) are presented, with special regard to turbulence modulation and its dependence on fiber inertia and volume fraction (equal to ϕ=2.12·10−5 and 2.12·10−4). The non-Newtonian stresses determined by the carried phase are also displayed, determined by long and slender fibers with fixed aspect ratio λtot=200, which extend up to the inertial range of the turbulent flow.

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Allende, Sofía, Christophe Henry, and Jérémie Bec. "Dynamics and fragmentation of small inextensible fibres in turbulence." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2175 (June 22, 2020): 20190398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0398.

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The fragmentation of small, brittle, flexible, inextensible fibres is investigated in a fully developed, homogeneous, isotropic turbulent flow. Such small fibres spend most of their time fully stretched and their dynamics follows that of stiff rods. They can then break through tensile failure, i.e. when the tension is higher than a given threshold. Fibres bend when experiencing a strong compression. During these rare and intermittent buckling events, they can break under flexural failure, i.e. when the curvature exceeds a threshold. Fine-scale massive simulations of both the fluid flow and the fibre dynamics are performed to provide statistics on these two fragmentation processes. This gives ingredients for the development of accurate macroscopic models, namely the fragmentation rate and daughter-size distributions, which can be used to predict the time evolution of the fibre size distribution. Evidence is provided for the generic nature of turbulent fragmentation and of the resulting population dynamics. It is indeed shown that the statistics of break-up is fully determined by the probability distribution of Lagrangian fluid velocity gradients. This approach singles out that the only relevant dimensionless parameter is a local flexibility which balances flow stretching to the fibre elastic forces. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Fluid dynamics, soft matter and complex systems: recent results and new methods’.

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WU, JINGSHU, and CYRUS K. AIDUN. "A numerical study of the effect of fibre stiffness on the rheology of sheared flexible fibre suspensions." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 662 (September 27, 2010): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112010003885.

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A recently developed particle-level numerical method is used to simulate flexible fibre suspensions in Newtonian simple shear flow. In this method, the flow is computed on a fixed regular ‘lattice’ using the lattice Boltzmann method, where each solid particle, or fibre in this case, is mapped onto a Lagrangian frame moving continuously through the domain. The motion and orientation of the fibre are obtained from Newtonian dynamics equations. The effect of fibre stiffness on the rheology of flexible fibre suspensions is investigated and a relation for the relative viscosity is obtained. We show that fibre stiffness (bending ratio, BR) has a strong impact on rheology in the range BR < 3. The relative viscosity increases significantly as BR decreases. These results show that the primary normal stress difference has a minimum value at BR ~ 1. The primary normal stress difference for slightly deformable fibres reaches a minimum and increases significantly as BR decreases below one. The results are explained based on Batchelor's relation for non-Brownian suspensions.

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Nazari, Kazem, Prina Mehta, Muhammad Sohail Arshad, Shahabuddin Ahmed, Eleftherios G. Andriotis, Neenu Singh, Omar Qutachi, Ming-Wei Chang, Dimitrios G. Fatouros, and Zeeshan Ahmad. "Quality by Design Micro-Engineering Optimisation of NSAID-Loaded Electrospun Fibrous Patches." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12010002.

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The purpose of this study was to apply the Quality by Design (QbD) approach to the electrospinning of fibres loaded with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) indomethacin (INDO) and diclofenac sodium (DICLO). A Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) was made, and risk assessments (preliminary hazard analysis) were conducted to identify the impact of material attributes and process parameters on the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the fibres. A full factorial design of experiments (DoE) of 20 runs was built, which was used to carry out experiments. The following factors were assessed: Drugs, voltage, flow rate, and the distance between the processing needle and collector. Release studies exhibited INDO fibres had greater total release of active drug compared to DICLO fibres. Voltage and distance were found to be the most significant factors of the experiment. Multivariate statistical analytical software helped to build six feasible design spaces and two flexible, universal design spaces for both drugs, at distances of 5 cm and 12.5 cm, along with a flexible control strategy. The current findings and their analysis confirm that QbD is a viable and invaluable tool to enhance product and process understanding of electrospinning for the assurance of high-quality fibres.

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Afina, E. T., M. V. Nadezhdina, A. V. Soroka, and M. V. Mityashina. "Clinical and elektroneuromyographycal characteristic of traumatic brachial plexopathy." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 9, no. 4 (August 28, 2010): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2010-4-23-27.

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53 patients with traumatic brachial plexopathy were exsamined during the clinical and elektroneuromyographycal study. It was determined that the structure of traumatic brachial plexopathy had 5 types of injury: upper Erbs palsy (С5—С6) (28,3%), lower Klumpcs palsy (С8—Th1) (15,1%), whole palsy (С5—Th1) (18,9%) and 2 groups of combined plexopathies with paralyses of flexible muscles of upper arm and fingers (С5—С7) (16,9%) and paralyses of extensible muscles of forearm and hand (С6—С8) (20,8%). 3 variants of disturbanses of nerve fibres were found during the experiment. They were axonal variant for whole palsy, Erbs palsy and injury of motor fibres for Klumpcs palsy. Combined type of injury was characterized for whole palsy, extensible paralyses (С6—С8) and injury of sensory fibres for Klumpcs palsy. Demyelinizationary type of injury was characterized for combined flexible paralyses (С5—С7).

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Gröger, Benjamin, Jingjing Wang, Tim Bätzel, Andreas Hornig, and Maik Gude. "Modelling and Simulation Strategies for Fluid–Structure-Interactions of Highly Viscous Thermoplastic Melt and Single Fibres—A Numerical Study." Materials 15, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 7241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207241.

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A virtual test setup for investigating single fibres in a transverse shear flow based on a parallel-plate rheometer is presented. The investigations are carried out to verify a numerical representation of the fluid–structure interaction (FSI), where Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are used and evaluated. Both are suitable to simulate flexible solid structures in a transverse shear flow. Comparative investigations with different model setups and increasing complexity are presented. It is shown, that the CFD method with an interface-based coupling approach is not capable of handling small fibre diameters in comparison to large fluid domains due to mesh dependencies at the interface definitions. The ALE method is more suited for this task since fibres are embedded without any mesh restrictions. Element types beam, solid, and discrete are considered for fibre modelling. It is shown that the beam formulation for ALE and 3D solid elements for the CFD method are the preferred options.

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Wang, Yao, Yuedan Wang, Rufeng Zhu, and Dong Wang. "Research progress of fibre-based organic electrochemical transistors." Wearable Technology 2, no. 2 (June 16, 2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54517/wt.v2i2.1650.

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<p>Organic electrochemical transistors are flexible in design with characteristics such as miniaturisation, biocompatibility and amplification and are one of the rapidly developing research topics in recent years. As an excellent flexible material, fibre has unparalleled advantages in weaving and compatibility with the human body. Combining fibres with organic electrochemical transistors is a promising research direction that has the high sensitivity of organic electrochemical transistor testing and the human body compatibility and flexibility of wearable electronic products. This paper introduces the relevant operating principles, working modes and commonly used channel materials of organic electrochemical transistors. Based on the basic device structure of organic electrochemical transistors, the development and changes of organic electrochemical transistors in recent years are discussed, and the research results of fibre-based electrochemical transistors by researchers focusing on the application of fibre-based organic electrochemical transistors in chemical sensing, bio-sensing and other application explorations are summarized. Finally, this paper visioned the future development trend of fibre-based organic electrochemical transistors.</p>

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Yang, Zhonglin, Wenwen Wang, Lili Bi, Liangjun Chen, Guixin Wang, Guinan Chen, Cui Ye, and Jun Pan. "Wearable electronics for heating and sensing based on a multifunctional PET/silver nanowire/PDMS yarn." Nanoscale 12, no. 31 (2020): 16562–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr04023a.

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Zhou, Xiaodong, Qunfang Lin, Ruohua Xiong, Xinyu Cui, and Gance Dai. "Effect of Flexible Polymer Coating on Interfacial Adhesion of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene." Polymers and Polymer Composites 13, no. 6 (September 2005): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110501300607.

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Polymer coatings were obtained by using two rubbers, cis-polybutadiene rubber and ethylene-propylene diene monomer and two block copolymer: polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polyvinyltriethoxysilane and polystyrene -block-polyvinyltrietho xysilane. They were used to coat glass fibre surfaces. The effects of the coatings on the interfacial adhesion and thermal cycling resistance of composites were studied by a single-filament fragmentation technique designed to measure the interfacial shear strength of glass fibre reinforced polypropylene. The interfacial shear strength was improved by the rubber coatings, which could graft to silane coupling agents coated onto the fibre surfaces, and could undergo crosslinking under peroxide initiation. The interfacial bond strength was determined by the nature and thickness of the rubber coatings. The interfacial adhesion was also improved when using block copolymers to treat glass fibres. The rubbers and those copolymers having flexible blocks in their chain structures both produced coatings that could relieve the thermal stresses at the composite interface during temperature cycling. The interface between the composites and the flexible polymer coatings had good thermal cycling fatigue resistance.

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Garcia-Torres, Jose, Carol Crean, and Elisa Vallés. "Co-Ni-carbon flexible composite fibres for directional magnetic actuation." Materials & Design 141 (March 2018): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.12.008.

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Yadav, Kiran, Manjeet Jassal, and Ashwini K. Agrawal. "Highly conducting silver nanowire‐polyacrylonitrile hollow fibres for flexible supercapacitors." International Journal of Energy Research 44, no. 2 (November 15, 2019): 1284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4989.

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Volokhina, A. V. "Fibres from mixtures of rigid-chain and flexible-chain polymers." Fibre Chemistry 18, no. 3 (1987): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00553288.

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Finefrock, Scott W., Xiaoqin Zhu, Yanming Sun, and Yue Wu. "Flexible prototype thermoelectric devices based on Ag2Te and PEDOT:PSS coated nylon fibre." Nanoscale 7, no. 13 (2015): 5598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr00058k.

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Xue, P., Xiao Ming Tao, and Keun Hoo Park. "Electrically Conductive Fibers/Yarns with Sensing Behavior from PVA and Carbon Black." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.18.

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In this study, electrical conductive yarns were prepared by wet-spinning technique and a physically coating process. Carbon black (CB) was used to make the fiber gaining electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity and morphological characteristics of the developed conductive fibres were studied and compared. The results show that linear resistivity of the produced conductive yarns ranges from 1 to a few hundred kΩ per centimeter, mainly depending on processing technique and substrate fibers. It is also shown that the physically coating processes will not significantly affect the mechanical properties of the fibers and yarns. These conductive yarns are lightweight, durable, flexible, and cost competitive; and able to be crimped and subjected to textile processing without any difficulty.

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37

Filippov, Alexander E., and Stanislav N. Gorb. "Spatial model of the gecko foot hair: functional significance of highly specialized non-uniform geometry." Interface Focus 5, no. 1 (February 6, 2015): 20140065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2014.0065.

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One of the important problems appearing in experimental realizations of artificial adhesives inspired by gecko foot hair is so-called clusterization. If an artificially produced structure is flexible enough to allow efficient contact with natural rough surfaces, after a few attachment–detachment cycles, the fibres of the structure tend to adhere one to another and form clusters. Normally, such clusters are much larger than original fibres and, because they are less flexible, form much worse adhesive contacts especially with the rough surfaces. Main problem here is that the forces responsible for the clusterization are the same intermolecular forces which attract fibres to fractal surface of the substrate. However, arrays of real gecko setae are much less susceptible to this problem. One of the possible reasons for this is that ends of the seta have more sophisticated non-uniformly distributed three-dimensional structure than that of existing artificial systems. In this paper, we simulated three-dimensional spatial geometry of non-uniformly distributed branches of nanofibres of the setal tip numerically, studied its attachment–detachment dynamics and discussed its advantages versus uniformly distributed geometry.

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Wang, R. X., X. M. Tao, H. Zhang, and Shi Jie Xu. "Electrochemical Investigations on Structures of Flexible Textile Electrodes." Advanced Materials Research 716 (July 2013): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.138.

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Different structures of new types of the flexible electrodes were fabricated from 3-dimensional stainless steel of fibres. Their electrochemical behaviour was characterized using AC impedance spectroscopy where the data presented in impedance plots exhibit different curves. Two or three layers simulation models are proposed to analysis charge transport behaviour and to elucidate dominant characteristics of the samples. The result shows that the bottom layer is more influential on ion exchange and charge transport than other layers.

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Tschannen, Christof, Ali Shalbafan, and Heiko Thoemen. "Development of an Electrically Conductive MDF Panel—Evaluation of Carbon Content and Resin Type." Polymers 15, no. 4 (February 11, 2023): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15040912.

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Electronics in furniture and construction materials, in particular technologies which allow for a flexible and cable-free connection of electronics in such materials, are gaining broader interest. This study shows a further development of a concept to obtain highly conductive medium-density fibreboard panels (MDF) for furniture application. MDF were produced using two mixing processes (wet and dry) for wood and carbon fibres to investigate the effects of resin type (urea formaldehyde (UF) and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI)) and carbon fibre content on their mechanical, physical, and electrical properties. Overall, wet mixed fibres showed better electrical but reduced mechanical properties. Modulus of elasticity (MOE) and bending strength (MOR) values of 3500 MPa and 35 MPa, respectively, and internal bond (IB) values of 0.45 to 0.65 MPa with electrical conductivities of up to 230 S/m were achieved. The technology has been successfully implemented in a demonstration object showing the application in a small piece of furniture.

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Shan, Chan Wen, Maizlinda Izwana Idris, and Imran H. Ghazali. "Flexible Polyurethane Foams Filled with Coconut Coir Fibres and Recycled Tyre - Part I: Production and Morphology." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.759.

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In this paper, the use of waste and recycled materials that is coconut coir fibres and recycled tyre particles, as fillers filled in flexible polyurethane (PU) foams were studied and analyzed. The composites developed were aimed to use in cushioning applications. There are five different types of free-rise filled-foams were produced by one-shot method. The thermal analysis indicated that it is possible to added coir fibre and recycled tyre to PU formation since they have high thermal stability; 250°C for organic compounds in coir and 350°C for rubber elements in tyre. Through many trials in production, the filled-foams were decided to fabricate with 2.5wt% filler content. The low loading fraction was found causes by effect of fillers to foaming ability as well as foaming rate due to the viscosity created. Besides, the results of morphology studied revealed that filled-foams having cellular structures of possess smaller cell sizes and higher cell densities. The mean cell size of flexible PU filled with 2.5wt% (80P20F) is 23.785% lower than the pure foam

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Gu, Tongxu, Zhaohui Ren, Xiang Li, Jie Huang, and Gaorong Han. "A flexible smart membrane consisting of GO composite fibres and upconversion MSNs for microRNA detection." Chemical Communications 55, no. 62 (2019): 9104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc02907a.

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We have developed a photoluminescent membrane for microRNA detection, consisting of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (CaF₂:Yb/Ho@MSNs) attached, via single stranded DNA probes, to flexible polyurethane fibres coated with graphene oxide (GO).

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Obiukwu, Osita, Ignatius Opara, and Henry Udeani. "Study on the Mechanical Properties of Palm Kernel Fibre Reinforced Epoxy and Poly-Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) Composite Material." International Journal of Engineering and Technologies 7 (May 2016): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijet.7.68.

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The goal of this paper is to determine the mechanical properties of a proposed combined polymer composite which consist of a poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix and palm kernel fibre reinforced with epoxy. The influence of fibres volume on the mechanical properties of the composites was also evaluated. Composites with volumetric amounts of palm kernel fibre up to 12 % were fabricated and they were arranged in randomly oriented discontinues form. Tensile, impact, flexural and hardness tests were carried out to determine the characteristics of material. The acquired results show that the tensile modulus changes with the fibre content. The strength of coconut fibre reinforced composites tends to decrease with the amount of fibre which indicates ineffective stress transfer between the fibre and matrix. When higher fibre content of 10% was used, the damping peak shows the maximum value for almost all the frequency mode. It was observed that the effects of reinforcing poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA matrix with the palm kernel fibres caused the composites to be more flexible and easily deform due to high strain values and reduction of high resonant amplitude. In general, the mechanical properties of the developed composite showed variation at different test performed. This led to the conclusion that the material is most useful were strength to weight ratio is needed. The optimum percentage of fibre in epoxy resin to obtain the highest tensile properties was found at 10 vol. %. It was also found that fibre, dispersion of fibre and interfacial adhesion between fibre–matrix can affect the mechanical properties of the composites.

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Obiukwu, Osita, Ignatius Opara, and Henry Udeani. "Study on the Mechanical Properties of Palm Kernel Fibre Reinforced Epoxy and Poly-Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) Composite Material." International Journal of Engineering and Technologies 7 (May 16, 2016): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-4xufun.

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The goal of this paper is to determine the mechanical properties of a proposed combined polymer composite which consist of a poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix and palm kernel fibre reinforced with epoxy. The influence of fibres volume on the mechanical properties of the composites was also evaluated. Composites with volumetric amounts of palm kernel fibre up to 12 % were fabricated and they were arranged in randomly oriented discontinues form. Tensile, impact, flexural and hardness tests were carried out to determine the characteristics of material. The acquired results show that the tensile modulus changes with the fibre content. The strength of coconut fibre reinforced composites tends to decrease with the amount of fibre which indicates ineffective stress transfer between the fibre and matrix. When higher fibre content of 10% was used, the damping peak shows the maximum value for almost all the frequency mode. It was observed that the effects of reinforcing poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA matrix with the palm kernel fibres caused the composites to be more flexible and easily deform due to high strain values and reduction of high resonant amplitude. In general, the mechanical properties of the developed composite showed variation at different test performed. This led to the conclusion that the material is most useful were strength to weight ratio is needed. The optimum percentage of fibre in epoxy resin to obtain the highest tensile properties was found at 10 vol. %. It was also found that fibre, dispersion of fibre and interfacial adhesion between fibre–matrix can affect the mechanical properties of the composites.

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Anjos, Ofélia, António J. A. Santos, Rogério Simões, and Helena Pereira. "Morphological, mechanical, and optical properties of cypress papers." Holzforschung 68, no. 8 (December 1, 2014): 867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2013-0125.

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Abstract The pulping properties of cypress species are not known and the present paper aims to filling this gap. Namely, Cupressus lusitanica Mill., C. sempervirens L. and C. arizonica Greene have been submitted to kraft pulping and the pulp properties are compared with those of Pinus pinaster Aiton. and P. sylvestris Watereri as references. Schopper Riegler degree, density, Bekk’s smoothness, tensile index, tear index, burst index, stretch, dry zero-span strength, wet zero-span strength, brightness, opacity and light scattering coefficient have been tested. The pulp yields and delignification degrees of cypress woods were lower than those of the pine references. Fibre length, width and coarseness were statistically different between pines and cypress species and C. sempervirens pulps have corresponding data close to those of pine species. Cypress pulps can be refined much faster than pine pulps. The papers sheets of cypress fibres have, in general, lower mechanical performance than those of pine fibres. Papers from C. arizonica and C. lusitanica are similar and C. sempervirens has intermediate properties being between the other cypress and pine species. However, cypress fibres are relatively short, flexible and collapsible and can be refined with low energy demand, and thus could be incorporated into papers resulting in products with better light scattering and smoothness.

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Zou, Ling Chunxian, and Chris Hunt. "A new approach to investigate conductive anodic filament (CAF) formation." Soldering & Surface Mount Technology 27, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssmt-02-2014-0002.

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Purpose – This paper aims to describe the development of an approach that uses a flexible substrate to investigate the mechanism of conductive anodic filament (CAF) growth and effect of different material and manufacturing variables. Design/methodology/approach – A new approach using a simulated test vehicle (STV) has been developed to study the CAF phenomena. The STV can be easily built under controlled conditions in the laboratory using different glass fibres and resin powder to investigate the effect of different variables separately on CAF. The advantage of the STV is that CAF can be formed in relatively short period in a controlled way, and CAF growth can be easily identified using a back-lighting under a microscope due to the thin flex material used as the test sample. Findings – STV has been used to investigate a number of effects on CAF formation: different glass fibres, reflow process, acid contamination in drilled holes, desmear process and glass bundle size. The results demonstrate that for finished fibres acid contamination (plating solution) at the electrode was necessary for CAF formation. However, for unfinished glass fibres (loom state and heat cleaned) CAF can be formed without acid contamination. The reflow process significantly increases CAF formation. Running an aggressive desmear process and using large glass fibre bundle also increased CAF formation. Originality/value – This new approach will be of benefit for printed circuit board (PCB) supplier to evaluate CAF performance on different resin systems and glass fibres to provide high CAF resistance quality PCBs. The test period (168 hours) would be much shorter than the traditional CAF testing (1,000 hours).

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Plichta, Tomas, Veronika Sirjovova, Milan Zvonek, Gerhard Kalinka, and Vladimir Cech. "The Adhesion of Plasma Nanocoatings Controls the Shear Properties of GF/Polyester Composite." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040593.

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High-performance fibre-reinforced polymer composites are important construction materials based not only on the specific properties of the reinforcing fibres and the flexible polymer matrix but also on the compatible properties of the composite interphase. First, oxygen-free (a-CSi:H) and oxygen-binding (a-CSiO:H) plasma nanocoatings of different mechanical and tribological properties were deposited on planar silicon dioxide substrates that closely mimic E-glass. The nanoscratch test was used to characterize the nanocoating adhesion expressed in terms of critical normal load and work of adhesion. Next, the same nanocoatings were deposited on E-glass fibres, which were used as reinforcements in the polyester composite to affect its interphase properties. The shear properties of the polymer composite were characterized by macro- and micromechanical tests, namely a short beam shear test to determine the short-beam strength and a single fibre push-out test to determine the interfacial shear strength. The results of the polymer composites showed a strong correlation between the short-beam strength and the interfacial shear strength, proving that both tests are sensitive to changes in fibre-matrix adhesion due to different surface modifications of glass fibres (GF). Finally, a strong correlation between the shear properties of the GF/polyester composite and the adhesion of the plasma nanocoating expressed through the work of adhesion was demonstrated. Thus, increasing the work of adhesion of plasma nanocoatings from 0.8 to 1.5 mJ·m−2 increased the short-beam strength from 23.1 to 45.2 MPa. The results confirmed that the work of adhesion is a more suitable parameter in characterising the level of nanocoating adhesion in comparison with the critical normal load.

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Derkowski, Wit, and Rafał Walczak. "Possibilities of Increasing Effectiveness of RC Structure Strengthening with FRP Materials." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061387.

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Modern composite materials based on non-metallic continuous fibres are increasingly used in civil engineering to strengthen building structures. In the strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, the utilisation of externally bonded fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is only up to 35% because of the pilling-off failure mechanism. This problem can be solved using pre-tensioned composite laminates. Due to more complex behaviour, the strengthening of structures by means of prestressing technology needs a careful design approach and a full understanding of the behaviour of both the materials and elements. The advantages and risks of the presented technology, which may determine the success of the entire project, will be highlighted in the paper. The possibility of using a flexible adhesive layer in carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthening applications for flexural strengthening of RC elements, as an innovative solution in civil engineering, will also be presented. Parallel introduction of the flexible adhesive layer (made of polyurethane masses) and a traditional epoxy adhesive layer in one strengthening system was investigated in the laboratory tests. This solution was used for the repair and protection of a previously damaged RC beam against brittle failure.

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Greib, Nicolas, Nathalie Stojeba, W. Allister Dow, John Henderson, and Pierre A. Diemunsch. "A combined rigid videolaryngoscopy-flexible fibres copy intubation technique undergener al anesthesia." Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 54, no. 6 (June 2007): 492–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03022046.

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Stockie, John M., and Sheldon I. Green. "Simulating the Motion of Flexible Pulp Fibres Using the Immersed Boundary Method." Journal of Computational Physics 147, no. 1 (November 1998): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcph.1998.6086.

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Volokhina, A. V. "High-strength fibres from blends of rigid- and flexible-chain polymers. Review." Fibre Chemistry 30, no. 2 (March 1998): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02408118.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Flexible fibres'

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