Journal articles: 'Flexibility requirement'

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Arjomandi, Kaveh, Josiah Matthews, and Brett Wyman. "Flexibility requirement of bolted double-angle shear connections." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 184 (September 2021): 106780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.106780.

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Heggarty, Thomas, Jean-Yves Bourmaud, Robin Girard, and Georges Kariniotakis. "Multi-temporal assessment of power system flexibility requirement." Applied Energy 238 (March 2019): 1327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.198.

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Roni, Mohammad, Thomas Mosier, Binghui Li, S. M. Shafiul Alam, Venkat Durvasulu, Beth Lawson, Dave Steindorf, Brenda Pracheil, and Vishvas Chalishazar. "Hydropower flexibility valuation tool for flow requirement evaluation." Energy Reports 9 (December 2023): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.11.172.

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Xiang, Jie, Bowen Huang, Guojun Xiao, Zihao Zeng, Xueyuan Xie, Hong Chen, and Zhe Tan. "Power System Flexibility Enhancement with Energy Storages Considering Charging Characteristics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2474, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2474/1/012076.

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Abstract With the increasing integration of renewable energy generations, the renewables’ uncertainties impact the power system operation. So, it is critical to enhancing the system’s operational flexibility. To this end, one of the most useful solutions is to deploy energy storage. This paper proposes a power system flexibility enhancement method using energy storage systems (ESSs). The grid’s flexibility requirement is analyzed, and the flexibility enhancement model is constructed, considering the ESSs’ charging and discharging characteristics. Case studies on an IEEE 33-node system verify the quantitative method. The conclusions indicate the ESSs could efficiently meet the system’s flexibility requirements.

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Mladenov, Valeri, Vesselin Chobanov, and Angel Georgiev. "Impact of Renewable Energy Sources on Power System Flexibility Requirements." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 2813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102813.

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A power system can be defined as flexible if it can within economic and technological boundaries respond quickly and adequately to variations in supply and demand. The ongoing penetration of variable and intermittent renewable energy sources (RES) like wind and solar imposes additional and more critical requirement on power system flexibility. In this paper we propose a method to quantify these requirements based on the comparison of seven demand side parameters describing the statistical properties of the net load and the residual load of the referred power system. Each one of these parameters reflects a separate requirement on the available conventional generation in hourly and daily time scales—ramp up and ramp-down capabilities, technological minimum of generation, daily variation of generation. The proposed approach can be used to predict the requirements for generation flexibility according to the expected scenario of RES penetration in the future development of energy power system. It has been applied and integrated from the Bulgarian Transmission System Operator (TSO) which name is the Bulgarian Electricity System Operator (ESO).

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Kułacz, Łukasz, Paweł Kryszkiewicz, and Adrian Kliks. "Waveform Flexibility for Network Slicing." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (March 27, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6250804.

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We discuss the idea of waveform flexibility and resource allocation in future wireless networks as a promising tool for network slicing implementation down to the lowest layers of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) models. In particular, we consider the possibility of cognitively adjusting the shape of the waveform to the requirements associated with various network slices. Moreover, such an adjustment of waveform shape is realised jointly with the selection and allocation of the appropriate frequency bands to each slice. In our approach, the definition of the waveform, as well as the assignment of resources, is done based on the information about the surrounding environment and each slice requirement stored in a dedicated context-information database. In this paper, we present the key concept of waveform flexibility for network slicing, the proposed algorithm for waveform selection and resource allocation among slices, and the achieved simulation results.

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Bleß, Hans-Holger. "Zwischen Konsistenz und Flexibilität." Monitor Versorgungsforschung 16, no. 06 (December 2, 2023): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24945/mvf.06.23.1866-0533.2562.

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Based on the provisions of SGB V, evidence-based medicine (EBM) forms the basis for the work of the Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) and the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) in their medical assessments and decisions on the specification of care content such as disease management programmes (DMP) and the services to be financed by the statutory health insurance (SHI). The evaluation of available evidence is thus directly linked to pricing, reimbursement and also to care management. Greater flexibility in dealing with the evidence requirements has been exercised in the past, but without consistency and certainly also when a lowering of the requirement level led to a financial advantage for the statutory health insurance (SHI). At the same time, there are also examples in which the clinical relevance of an intervention was so obvious that the G-BA used its room for manoeuvre in the interests of healthcare.

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BAÑOS-CABALLERO, Sonia, Pedro J. GARCÍA-TERUEL, and Pedro MARTÍNEZ-SOLANO. "FINANCING OF WORKING CAPITAL REQUIREMENT, FINANCIAL FLEXIBILITY AND SME PERFORMANCE." Journal of Business Economics and Management 17, no. 6 (December 21, 2016): 1189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2015.1081272.

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This paper investigates the relation between the financing strategies of working capital requirement and firm performance for the period 1997 to 2012. Using the two-step generalized method of moments estimator, we find that a suitable financing strategy can help firms improve their performance. Moreover, the results indicate that the working capital requirement financing-performance relation changes during a financial crisis. Finally, we also find that this relation depends on a firm’s financial flexibility. The findings are of interest for managers and researchers and show that managers should not only be concerned about investing in working capital requirement but also consider how this investment is to be financed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to analyse how the financing strategy selected by firms to finance their working capital requirement affects their performance.

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Nouwen, N., J. Tommassen, and B. de Kruijff. "Requirement for conformational flexibility in the signal sequence of precursor protein." Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, no. 23 (June 1994): 16029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33968-6.

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Lyngvig, Lytte. "Flexibility: the requirement of modern CPD training — what are the challenges?" Intrinsic Activity 3, Suppl. 1 (March 27, 2015): A1.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25006/ia.3.s1-a1.9.

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Ruël, Huub J. M., Tanya Bondarouk, and Stefan Smink. "The Waterfall Approach and Requirement Uncertainty." International Journal of Information Technology Project Management 1, no. 2 (April 2010): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitpm.2010040103.

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The Waterfall approach has been the dominant approach for enterprise systems (ES) implementation since the 1970s. It offers ES project managers a simple, step-by-step way to make ES projects manageable and minimize drawbacks. The main criticism of this approach centres on its inflexibility regarding requirement uncertainty. In this article, the authors challenge this criticism. By means of an in-depth case study of a Waterfall approach-based ES implementation project within the maintenance department of one of the world’s biggest airline companies, this article will illustrate how it deals with requirements uncertainty and required flexibility in practice.

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Bertsch, Joachim, Christian Growitsch, Stefan Lorenczik, and Stephan Nagl. "Flexibility in Europe's power sector — An additional requirement or an automatic complement?" Energy Economics 53 (January 2016): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2014.10.022.

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MATSUDA, Nobuyuki, Tsuyoshi KOGA, and Kazuhiro AOYAMA. "1305 A design method for product family with flexibility for customer requirement." Proceedings of Design & Systems Conference 2007.17 (2007): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedsd.2007.17.72.

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Scafidi, Benjamin, Catherine Freeman, and Stan DeJarnett. "Local Flexibility within an Accountability System." education policy analysis archives 9 (October 25, 2001): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v9n44.2001.

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Over the past decade, several states have created comprehensive accountability systems designed to increase student learning in public schools. These accountability systems are based on "high-stakes" standardized testing of a state curriculum. Rewards and interventions for local educators are based largely upon students' performance on these tests. Using the recent accountability reforms in Georgia as a backdrop, this article considers the role of local flexibility within such an accountability system--flexibility over paperwork, resources, personnel, and curriculum for local educators. Increased flexibility for local educators is not merely an option in a world where local educators are subject to a comprehensive accountability system imposed by a state--it is a requirement for success. We make a case for providing local flexibility and provides a discussion regarding types of flexibility, vehicles for granting flexibility, and who should receive flexibility.

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Peng, Xia, and Ping Zhu. "Requirement Analysis of Storage Management System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 1438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.1438.

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The storage management system manages and controls for storage in-out stock activities, and has an important significance for coordinating production and operation of enterprise, improving economic efficiency. Requirement analysis is the basis of software development, mainly is functional requirement analysis and performance requirement analysis. First, do the functional requirement analysis, through analysis the business processes, analysis the main functions and processes of system with data flow diagram, and list the buyer, purchase commodity information, sales production, commodity stock table and data dictionary item. Then, do performance requirement analysis; describe the main content of the three aspects of accuracy, time characteristics and flexibility, especially analysis the C/S structure model to build software systems. In this paper, describes the overall concept of software function and performance as the specific software requirement specification, lays a foundation for the development of storage management system.

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Nurhayati, Emmy. "APLIKASI METODE QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT DALAM PENGEMBANGAN DESAIN ALAT BANTU MAKAN BAGI PENDERITA TUNA DAKSA." Science Tech: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30738/jst.v3i1.1132.

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Humans who has a perfect physical can easily perform daily activities, one of which is eating. For upper limb disabled people, eating activity is very difficult. This research is for create and develop of assistive tool for eat that can meet the needs of users (upper limb disabled people), technical requirements, convenience of usability, ergonomicÂ assistive tool for eat . The method used to create and develop ofÂ assistive tool for eat (Adjusted Spoon V2) is the Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Based on House of Quality (HOQ) matrix results, the first technical requirement is the motion mechanisms (priority 52.44%), second is spring (38.64% priority), third is digitalization (priority 8.92%). The results of this research are Adjusted Spoon V2 prototype that developed to be able to meet the needs of upper limb disabled people in eating activities that include spoon movementÂ flexibility, stick movement flexibility and treadle flexibility, making it easier for them to operate it.

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Rákossy, Zoltán Endre, Zheng Wang, and Anupam Chattopadhyay. "High-Level Design Space and Flexibility Exploration for Adaptive, Energy-Efficient WCDMA Channel Estimation Architectures." International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2012 (2012): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/961950.

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Due to the fast changing wireless communication standards coupled with strict performance constraints, the demand for flexible yet high-performance architectures is increasing. To tackle the flexibility requirement, software-defined radio (SDR) is emerging as an obvious solution, where the underlying hardware implementation is tuned via software layers to the varied standards depending on power-performance and quality requirements leading to adaptable, cognitive radio. In this paper, we conduct a case study for representatives of two complexity classes of WCDMA channel estimation algorithms and explore the effect of flexibility on energy efficiency using different implementation options. Furthermore, we propose new design guidelines for both highly specialized architectures and highly flexible architectures using high-level synthesis, to enable the required performance and flexibility to support multiple applications. Our experiments with various design points show that the resulting architectures meet the performance constraints of WCDMA and a wide range of options are offered for tuning such architectures depending on power/performance/area constraints of SDR.

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Bai, Xiao Gang, and Xin Zhang. "A Study on the Flexibility of Apparel Manufacturing System." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 1011–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.1011.

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In the current and future apparel market, customer demands various products. The apparel plants have to face the ever-changing demands from product mixture and volume. Satisfying customer demands is an important strategic requirement. Failing to do so can result not only in lost profits caused by reduced sales, but also placing the manufacturers in danger of losing future market. So the plant must manufacture correctly and send the products to clients timely. Therefore, the time taken to manufacture high quality products is very important. Layout design is the method utilized on assigning the machine to a certain space. Facility layout includes product layout, process layout and cellular layout etc. The right facility layout can provide manufacturing flexibility and reduce manufacturing cost. In the general facility layout problem, the material flow and department relationship is a major optimization goal. This paper will discuss the manufacturing flexibility from facility layout and propose time as an additional requirement to the material flow and department relationship. This paper will also provide a layout model for flexible manufacturing in view of apparel manufacturing characteristics.

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Liu, Ling, and Jia Ping Liu. "Study on the Flexibility of Self-Insulation Wall with Energy-Saving Sintered Bricks." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1889.

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This paper analyses the advantages of spreading self-insulation wall, which uses the energy-saving fired hollow bricks as the major structure, in cold region rich in natural resources of loess. Through calculating the thermal parameters, concluding that this kind of wall can meet the national requirement of saving-energy by 50%, even can meet the national requirement of saving-energy by 65% to limit the shape coefficient of building in some region.

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Ullah, Zahid, and Nayyar Hussain Mirjat. "Virtual power plant: state of the art providing energy flexibility to local distribution grids." E3S Web of Conferences 231 (2021): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123101002.

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Integrating decentralised energy sources into the traditional distribution networks can result in technical issues impacting the power quality. Innovative ideas are, therefore, needed to promote the transformation of systems to a smart grid. Distribution System operator (DSO) could make use of the flexibility of emerging technologies as a method to address these power quality issues. This study aims to present an overview of a local flexibility market (LFM) which will allow DSO requirements to be fulfilled through the (VPP) as an energy flexibility provider. The required optimization loads, generators and as well as storage units, are undertaken in the general algebraic modeling simulation (GAMS) environment. The aim of the optimization problem is to provide DSOs the opportunity to increase or curtail the local generations and loads in order to satisfy their requirement. The VPP will then be responsible for handling the relevant requests in real time to ensure the correct operating schedule of a resource is applied. The preliminary results of simulation studies presented in this paper have shown that the local market framework for flexibility could have potential for deferring investments in distribution network capacity, minimizing energy costs and improving the hosting capacity of distribution networks.

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Hamilton, James, Michael Negnevitsky, Xiaolin Wang, and Evgenii Semshchikov. "The Role of Low-Load Diesel in Improved Renewable Hosting Capacity within Isolated Power Systems." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 5, 2020): 4053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164053.

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Isolated communities are progressively integrating renewable generation to reduce the societal, economic and ecological cost of diesel generation. Unfortunately, as renewable penetration and load variability increase, systems require greater diesel generation reserves, constraining renewable utilisation. Improved diesel generator flexibility can reduce the requirement for diesel reserves, allowing increased renewable hosting. Regrettably, it is uncommon for utilities to modify diesel generator control during the integration of renewable source generation. Identifying diesel generator flexibility and co-ordination as an essential component to optimising system hosting capacity, this paper investigates improved diesel generator flexibility and coordination via low-load diesel application. Case study comparisons for both high- and low-penetration hybrid diesel power systems are presented in King Island, Australia, and Moloka`i, Hawai`i, respectively. For King Island, the approach details a 50% reduction in storage requirement, while for Moloka`i the application supports a 27% increase in renewable hosting capacity.

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van Remmen, Judith Sophie, Dennis Horber, Adriana Lungu, Fan Chang, Sebastiaan van Putten, Stefan Goetz, and Sandro Wartzack. "NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING IN REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING AND ITS CHALLENGES FOR REQUIREMENTS MODELLING IN THE ENGINEERING DESIGN DOMAIN." Proceedings of the Design Society 3 (June 19, 2023): 2765–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2023.277.

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AbstractRequirements represent a central element in product development. The large number of requirements inevitably results in an increased susceptibility to errors, an expenditure of time and development costs. The associated problems motivate the application of Artificial Intelligence in the form of Natural Language Processing (NLP). In Requirements Engineering one main task is the classification of requirements which serves as the input in architectural models e.g. in SysML. In mechanical engineering there is still little overview regarding the interface between requirements classification and modelling. This paper provides an overview of the requirement classes and entities used in the literature and analyses their utilisation in modelling. Existing requirements classes usually do not offer the flexibility to be transferred to other domains. However, basic structures can be adopted from those classifications. This enables a clear assignment of existing classes to object classes in modelling. Resulting from the conducted literature study the observed predominant focus of research on the software industry requires an extension of the existing requirement classes and entities to enable further use and transfer to mechanical engineering.

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Modi, Tushar, Jonathan Huihui, Kingshuk Ghosh, and S. Banu Ozkan. "Ancient thioredoxins evolved to modern-day stability–function requirement by altering native state ensemble." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1749 (May 7, 2018): 20170184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0184.

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Thioredoxins (THRXs)—small globular proteins that reduce other proteins—are ubiquitous in all forms of life, from Archaea to mammals. Although ancestral thioredoxins share sequential and structural similarity with the modern-day (extant) homologues, they exhibit significantly different functional activity and stability. We investigate this puzzle by comparative studies of their (ancient and modern-day THRXs') native state ensemble, as quantified by the dynamic flexibility index (DFI), a metric for the relative resilience of an amino acid to perturbations in the rest of the protein. Clustering proteins using DFI profiles strongly resemble an alternative classification scheme based on their activity and stability. The DFI profiles of the extant proteins are substantially different around the α3, α4 helices and catalytic regions. Likewise, allosteric coupling of the active site with the rest of the protein is different between ancient and extant THRXs, possibly explaining the decreased catalytic activity at low pH with evolution. At a global level, we note that the population of low-flexibility (called hinges) and high-flexibility sites increases with evolution. The heterogeneity (quantified by the variance) in DFI distribution increases with the decrease in the melting temperature typically associated with the evolution of ancient proteins to their modern-day counterparts. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Allostery and molecular machines’.

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Yang, Jinye, Chunyang Liu, Yuanze Mi, Hengxu Zhang, and Vladimir Terzija. "Optimization operation model of electricity market considering renewable energy accommodation and flexibility requirement." Global Energy Interconnection 4, no. 3 (June 2021): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2021.07.007.

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Chen, Yue, Wei Wei, Mingxuan Li, Laijun Chen, and Joao P. S. Catalao. "Flexibility Requirement When Tracking Renewable Power Fluctuation With Peer-to-Peer Energy Sharing." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 13, no. 2 (March 2022): 1113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3128631.

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Jugănaru, Mariana. "Concerns Regarding the Orientation of Higher Education in Romania. Flexibility - A Current Requirement." Ovidius University Annals. Economic Sciences Series 22, no. 1 (August 31, 2022): 603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.61801/ouaess.2022.1.83.

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Srivastava, Srikant, P. N. Dwivedi, and D. M. Vinod Kumar. "2 loop Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Fuel Flow Controller Design for Air to Air Ducted Ramjet Rocket." Defence Science Journal 71, no. 2 (March 10, 2021): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.71.15165.

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Fuel Flow controller based ramjet propulsion system have a flexibility to change rocket velocity depending on guidance requirement by controlling the fuel flow rate as a function of atmospheric conditions like altitude, Mach no. and angle of attack. In this paper, Design objectives & requirements of fuel flow controller have been brought out from guidance loop for air-to-air target engagement. 2-loop non-linear dynamic inversion (DI) based controller design has been proposed to track the commanded thrust and to meet the time constant requirement as a function of altitude, Mach no. and angle of attack. The outer thrust loop is to control commanded thrust and to generate the demand for gas generator pressure loop and inner pressure loop is to meet outer loop demand by controlling throttle valve area. The engine state space plant model has been adapted with improvement of existing model. Throttle valve actuator specifications requirement are also brought out.

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Panda, Ajaya Kumar, and Swagatika Nanda. "Working capital financing and corporate profitability of Indian manufacturing firms." Management Decision 56, no. 2 (February 12, 2018): 441–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-07-2017-0698.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence about the relationship between working capital financing (WCF) and firm profitability in six key manufacturing sectors of Indian Economy. It also aims to capture the change in the financing of working capital requirement over different scenarios of price-cost margin and financial flexibility. Design/methodology/approach The study is undertaken on a sample of 1,211 firms from 6 key manufacturing sectors of Indian economy from 2000 to 2016. The non-linear relationship between WCF and profitability is studied using two-step generalized model of moments (GMM) estimator. Findings The study finds a convex relationship between WCF and profitability among firms in chemical, construction, and consumer goods sectors. Firms in these sectors can finance larger portion of their working capital requirements through short-term debt without negatively impacting profitability. However, a concave pattern of relationship for firms in machinery, metal, and textile industries implies increasing debt financing of working capital requirement would increase profitability for the firms who have financed lower portion of their working capital by short-term bank borrowing. But when a higher proportion of working capital requirements are already financed by short-term debt, a further increase in debt financing may impact profitability negatively. Moreover, the study finds that firms with high financial flexibility and high price-cost margin (except textile) can increase profitability by financing larger portion of working capital requirement through short-term debts and the continuation with risky WCF could increase profitability. Originality/value The study contributes to the literature on working capital in a number of ways. First, no previous study has been undertaken to explore the non-linear relationship between WCF and corporate profitability over a large sample of firms from six key manufacturing sectors of Indian economy. Second, the study uses a quadratic function to explore the non-linear relationship between WCF and profitability. Third, the study explores the relationship between WCF and profitability with respect to the price-cost margin and financial flexibility of firms under different manufacturing sectors of Indian economy. Finally, the study uses advanced two-step GMM, the panel data techniques to handle unobservable heterogeneity and issues of endogeneity within the data sample.

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Riley, C., and J. M. Tyson. "Europe's Water Framework Directive: discovering hidden benefits." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 10 (May 1, 2006): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.321.

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The water utility companies in the UK are regulated by the economic regulator to ensure that they do not abuse their monopoly powers and operate under high efficiency targets to minimise costs to their customers. The requirements for improved environmental performance are set by the Environment Agency and, once agreed, incorporated in a five-year plan. Prior to the Water Framework Directive the companies had little choice but to meet a rigorous programme to achieve higher discharge standards as end-of-pipe solutions. The catchment-based approach of the WFD, coupled with the requirement to achieve ‘good status’ for receiving waters and the requirement for stakeholder involvement, has introduced much needed flexibility into the process which is expected to lead to better and more cost effective solutions to water quality problems.

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Rizad Md Sapry, Hairul, Lorio L’ wiey Anak Tawi, Abd Rahman Ahmad, and Shathees Baskaran. "The Effectiveness of MRP System to Forecast the Accuracy Inventory Requirement." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.1 (September 12, 2018): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.1.28232.

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The implementation of MRP systems play a crucial role in today's manufacturing process in providing valuable information not only to both marketing and manufacturing team, but the organization as a whole. Yet, MRP system does not possess the capability of doing everything. There are few limitations within MRP system in relation to flexibility and adaptability to the changes of the external environment. The objective of the study is to investigate the capability of MRP system in providing an accurate forecast for the inventory requirement. The study was conducted through a qualitative case study approach by analyzing historical data of a single multinational organization which is currently implementing MRP system in managing their inventory. Few supply chain performance indicators were applied to measure the effectiveness of MRP system in managing the inventory process. The result revealed that MRP system under investigation is the central engine for managing inventory and ensuring customer service. However, MRP system require valid and reliable data optimized by a set of pre-defined parameters to run effectively with possible interface with other supporting software. This study suggests other supporting software such as Stock Model to be interfaced with the MRP system for greater flexibility and adaptability in respond to foreseeable or unforeseeable external changes.

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Uesugi, Nanami, Natsuho Kazahaya, Koki Yamada, Seiya Kojo, Hiroshi Yoshitani, Takuya Wada, Hiroji Fukui, Shoji Nozato, Yu Katayama, and Hiromori Tsutsumi. "Sulfur-inserted polymer-anchored edge exfoliated graphite for durable positive electrodes for lithium–sulfur batteries." RSC Advances 11, no. 29 (2021): 18093–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra01225h.

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Sulfur-inserted polymer-anchored EExG electrode meets the conflicting requirement of physically restraining sulfur dissolution while maintaining structural flexibility to cope with the volume expansion of sulfur during the charge–discharge cycles.

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Kaushik, Ekata, Vivek Prakash, Om Prakash Mahela, Baseem Khan, Adel El-Shahat, and Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz. "Comprehensive Overview of Power System Flexibility during the Scenario of High Penetration of Renewable Energy in Utility Grid." Energies 15, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020516.

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Increased deployment of variable renewable energy (VRE) has posed significant challenges to ensure reliable power system operations. As VRE penetration increases beyond 80%, the power system will require long duration energy storage and flexibility. Detailed uncertainty analysis, identifying challenges, and opportunities to provide sufficient flexibility will help to achieve smooth operations of power system networks during the scenario of high share of VRE sources. Hence, this paper presents a comprehensive overview of the power system flexibility (PSF). The intention of this review is to provide a wide spectrum of power system flexibility, PSF drivers, PSF resources, PSF provisions, methods used for assessment of flexibility and flexibility planning to the researchers, academicians, power system planners, and engineers working on the integration of VRE into the utility grid to achieve high share of these sources. More than 100 research papers on the basic concepts of PSF, drivers of the PSF, resources of PSF, requirement of the PSF, metrics used for assessment of the flexibility, methods and approaches used for measurement of flexibility level in network of the power system, and methods used for the PSF planning and flexibility provisions have been thoroughly reviewed and classified for quick reference considering different dimensions.

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Chen, Xu, Nana Wan, and Xiaojun Wang. "Flexibility and coordination in a supply chain with bidirectional option contracts and service requirement." International Journal of Production Economics 193 (November 2017): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2017.07.013.

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Pan, Zhenghui, Jie Yang, Yifu Zhang, Xiaorui Gao, and John Wang. "Quasi-solid-state fiber-shaped aqueous energy storage devices: recent advances and prospects." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 14 (2020): 6406–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta13887k.

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The on-going surge in wearable electronics has inspired ever-increasing rise in requirement for quasi-solid-state fiber-shaped energy storage devices, which possess 1D unique architecture with a tiny volume, and remarkable flexibility.

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Mishra, Ruchi. "Configuration of volume flexibility in Indian manufacturing firms: evidence from case studies." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 35, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 232–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-12-2015-0174.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore different drivers and volume flexibility strategies employed in manufacturing firms. It also examines contingent factors, which determine volume flexibility requirement in manufacturing firms. Design/methodology/approach Using a multi-case study approach, the study examines and analyses drivers, strategies and contingent factors that affect volume flexibility in four Indian manufacturing plants belonging to automobiles, auto ancillary, fashion apparel and electrical industry. Findings The empirical analysis suggests various drivers of volume flexibility and different strategies employed by firms to enhance flexibility. The study also illustrates various contingent factors that determine the need of volume flexibility in firms. Research limitations/implications The sample of the study is majorly confined to the northern region of India. Methodologically, the analysis is solely based on the qualitative data. Practical implications The study suggests practitioners to consider a range of contingent factors, while evaluating the need of volume flexibility in manufacturing plants. Rather than relying on a single strategy, a mix of strategies should be used to develop volume flexibility in firms. Originality/value The identification of a range of strategies employed by volume flexible firms as well as contingent factors that need to be evaluated before employing volume flexibility are the major contributions of this study.

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Kobatake, Takushi, Kazumi Kodama, Sachio Hayashi, and Akira Yoshioka. "Improvement of Low-Temperature Flexibility of Hydrogenated Nitrile—Butadiene Rubber." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 70, no. 5 (November 1, 1997): 839–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538464.

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Abstract Improvement of low-temperature flexibility of Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR) is a requirement for industrial applications. In this study, the relationship between low-temperature flexibility and polymer structure—such as higher order structure and monomer unit distribution along a polymer chain—was examined for HNBRs having various nitrile contents, using X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, computer simulation, and other methods. It was found that the length of tetramethylene sequence in a polymer chain is the key factor for improving the low-temperature flexibility. Tetramethylene sequences having five or more than five continuously linked tetramethylene units (TM≥5) facilitate crystallization upon stretching, which leads to a poor low-temperature flexibility. Consequently, it is deduced that the TM≥5 content must be as low as possible to improve the low-temperature flexibility. Two methods were tried to decrease the TM≥5 content: (1) copolymerization with third monomers; and (2) addition of mercaptans. It has been confirmed that branched HNBRs made by each of the two methods have lower Tgs and improved low-temperature flexibility.

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Wilensky, Gail R. "Health Insurance Coverage After the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Ends." JAMA Health Forum 3, no. 9 (September 29, 2022): e224207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.4207.

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This JAMA Forum discusses the potential ramifications after the COVID-19 public health emergency ends such as limiting telehealth, ending the continuous enrollment requirement in Medicaid, and decreasing regulatory flexibility that has allowed pharmacists to administer COVID-19 vaccines.

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Cheng, Ruyun, Li Yao, Xinyang Yan, Bingda Zhang, and Zhao Jin. "High Flexibility Hybrid Architecture Real-Time Simulation Platform Based on Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 6041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196041.

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With the expansion of system scale and the reduction in simulation step size, the design of a power system real-time simulation platform faces many difficulties. The interactive operation of real-time simulation presents the characteristics of phased and centralized. This paper proposes selecting the appropriate simulation method for each sub-network according to the system operation requirements, and the sub-network simulation method can be changed with the change in system operation requirements in the simulation process. In order to change the sub-network simulation method in the simulation process, a high flexibility hybrid architecture real-time simulation platform based on FPGA was designed. The main body of the architecture runs in the high control mode of instruction flow and uses instruction flexibility to realize the requirement of changing methods. The algorithm modularity architecture is used as an auxiliary architecture to reduce the instruction cost and increase the computing power. Finally, the hybrid architecture real-time simulation platform was implemented in the Xilinx VC709 board (Xilinx corporation, San Jose, CA, USA), and the verification results show that under the same system scale, the hybrid architecture simulation platform combined with simulation method changing realizes shorter simulation step and complex interactive operation.

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Zhou, Lu, Dan Zhang, Xiaogang Li, Zhiwei Gao, Qian Chen, and Chaohui Wang. "Overview: Application of Resin Waterproof Adhesive Materials in Bridge Deck Pavement in China." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (March 20, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2320374.

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To further promote the research and application of resin type waterproof adhesive layer materials, the types, relevant specifications, and research trends of resin type waterproof adhesive layer in China are comprehensively investigated. The performance evaluation indicators, performance requirement, and requirements in different specifications are systematically analyzed, and the key performance evaluation indicators are recommended. The basic properties of common resin type waterproof adhesive layer materials are studied, and the bonding properties of different resin waterproof adhesive layers were compared and evaluated. The results showed that pull-out strength, shear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, low temperature flexibility, and impermeability are the key performance evaluation indicators of resin waterproof adhesive layer. The tensile property, corrosion resistance, and water impermeability of resin type waterproof adhesive layer material are good, the flexibility of epoxy resin type waterproof adhesive layer material is poor, and the flexibility of methyl methacrylate (MMA) waterproof adhesive layer material is good. The bonding performance of the epoxy resin waterproof adhesive layer is better than that of the MMA. As the temperature rises, the bonding performance of the two waterproof adhesive layers is significantly reduced. At 60°C, the average pull-out strengths of the epoxy resin and MMA waterproof adhesive layer were 1.83 MPa and 1.47 MPa, respectively.

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Dong, Li Gang, Feng Luo, Wei Ming Wang, and Ke Chen. "ForCES-Based Firewall with Stateful Packet Inspection." Advanced Materials Research 216 (March 2011): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.216.440.

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In order to meet the extensibility and flexibility requirement of next generation network, ForCES working group of IETF proposes an architecture with the separation of Forwarding Element and Control Element. A firewall with ForCES architecture will have enough flexibility on security function extensibility. This paper not only designs the ForCES architecture of status package inspection firewall and related LFB (Logic Functional Block), but also implements a prototype system and carries out tests and analysis. The experiment result testifies the feasibility of ForCES specification and provides the important technical parameter for the ForCES security application.

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Durant, J. M., and Y. Handrich. "Growth and food requirement flexibility in captive chicks of the European barn owl (Tyto alba)." Journal of Zoology 245, no. 2 (June 1998): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00083.x.

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Palominos, Pedro, Luis E. Quezada, and Miguel A. Gonzalez. "Incorporating the voice of the client in establishing the flexibility requirement in a production system." International Journal of Production Economics 211 (May 2019): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.01.029.

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Kashif Asad, Et al. "An AHP-Based Framework for Effective Requirement Management in Agile Software Development (ASD)." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 10 (November 2, 2023): 454–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i10.8509.

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In Agile changes may be made at any time throughout the project lifetime in agile projects. These changes, however, often lead to longer turnaround times and higher costs while having a substantial influence on the activities and quality of project management. The suggested framework's main goal is to increase the effectiveness and flexibility of the requirement engineering process by successfully managing requirements changes, particularly in contexts where Agile Software Development (ASD) is practiced. The Agile methodology has gained popularity as a strategy for developing software because it can adjust to changing requirements and deliver software gradually. To make sure that the software being produced satisfies stakeholder expectations and adds value to the firm, good requirement management is essential. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize requirements based on their relative relevance and urgency, this article introduces a framework for requirement management in Agile Projects. The most important requirements are taken care of first thanks to this strategy, which enables a more organized and informed decision-making process. We demonstrate the actual use of our framework in real-world contexts and highlight its efficacy in solving the issues faced by Agile projects by including a case study and an accompanying table. The suggested framework also supports the three core tenets of the Agile approach—transparency, cooperation, and continuous improvement—to foster an environment of excellence and ongoing learning within the Agile team. By developing these fundamental ideas, our framework not only supports Agile teams' continual growth and development but also helps them manage and prioritize requirements more efficiently, which ultimately improves project results and increases organizational value.

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Casolino, Giovanni M., and Arturo Losi. "Load Areas in Radial Unbalanced Distribution Systems." Energies 12, no. 15 (August 6, 2019): 3030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12153030.

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The demand becoming flexible is a requirement for the full exploitation of renewable energy sources. Aggregation may foster the provision of flexibility by small-scale providers connected to distribution grids, since it allows offering significant flexibility volumes to the market. The aggregation of flexibility providers is carried out by the aggregator, a new market role and possibly a new market player. Location information of individual flexibility providers is necessary for both the aggregator and the system operators, in particular, the Distribution System Operator (DSO). For the former, information should allow treating a high number of individual flexibility providers as a single provider to offer significant flexibility volumes to the markets; for the latter, the information should ensure an adequate visibility of the connection of the individual providers to the grid. In the paper, the concept of Load Area (LA) is recalled, which combines the needs of location information of the aggregator and of the DSO. A method for the identification and modeling of LAs for the general case of unbalanced radial systems is proposed. The results of the methods’ application to two studied unbalanced networks are presented, showing the effectiveness and viability of the proposed approach.

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Djordjevic, Margareta. "Domestic Regulation and Free Trade in Services – A Balancing Act." Legal Issues of Economic Integration 29, Issue 3 (December 1, 2002): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/5108891.

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In the absence of border measures, protectionism in services trade takes almost exclusively the form of internal regulatory interventions. Most regulatory interventions do not however have any protectionist intent. The GATS structure creates a built-in flexibility for the purpose of ensuring that appropriate consideration is taken of the fact that countries are at different stages of their liberalization process. When developing new disciplines for domestic regulation in GATS, Members must consider whether this flexibility should extend to such disciplines or whether a necessity test for domestic regulation in GATS should simply, in itself, assimilate a certain amount of flexibility in order to safeguard legitimate national policy concerns. The amount of flexibility guaranteed by a more or less stringent balancing requirement in Article VI:4 GATS and the consequences of applying means-end and least trade restrictive criteria, derived from this provision, in a services context will ultimately depend on the future scope of Article VI:4 GATS itself.

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Liang, Tian, Jun Dong, Liang Liang Yang, and Dong Hai Yan. "Investigation of Dynamic Load Test of an Existed Reinforced Concrete Rigid-Frame Arch Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 2121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.2121.

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For an existed reinforced concrete rigid-frame arch bridge in reconstruction project, reinforcement effects of the bridge are studied and discussed while the original load grades are maintaining and it is based on dynamic load test including scheme, execution and FEM analysis in this paper. In our investigations, such characteristics as dynamic flexibility, impact coefficient, natural vibrations and dynamic responses are analyzed. All the investigations show that the bridge meets the original-designed-loading requirement, which behaves well in dynamic characteristics after being strengthened and whose stiffness also satisfies requirement.

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Göritz, Anja S., and Klaus Moser. "Mood and Flexibility in Categorization: A Conceptual Replication." Perceptual and Motor Skills 97, no. 1 (August 2003): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.97.1.107.

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The present study tested the hypothesis that positive mood facilitates cognitive flexibility in categorization, i.e., positive mood enhances the ability to categorize flexibly at broad and narrow levels contingent on task requirement. The study was a conceptual replication of the 1990 work by Murray, Sujan, Hirt, and Sujan. Unlike the original study, it was carried out on the WWW with some modifications in the procedure. Participants were 29 women and 132 men whose average age was 29 yr. They were put into a positive, negative, or neutral mood using the Velten technique. Mood was measured with standard mood scales. Subjects then listed similarities or differences between two entertainment TV shows. Contrary to the prediction, participants in a positive mood did not list a higher number, more diverse, or more unusual similarities and differences between the shows, and they were not faster than participants with neutral or negative moods. It is concluded that the influence of mood on cognitive flexibility needs to be reconsidered In research, temporal aspects of categorization performance as well as a wider range of mood valences should be taken into account.

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Liu, Rilong, and Renxin Liu. "Design and Implementation of Pulse Width Modulation Driving System for Voice Coil Motor." Modern Applied Science 10, no. 10 (September 14, 2016): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v10n10p269.

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According to the performance requirements of the control system for voice coil motor, a pulse width modulation driving system is designed and implemented based on an integrated power device and a field programmable gate array. LMD18200 is used as the motor driver to design the unit of switch type power driving. With APA300 as the digital controller, the modular design of the digital controller realizes with the Verilog hardware describing language, so it has a good flexibility and portability. The experimental results show that the current loop can rapidly keep track of current changes under the working condition of the voice coil motor power driver. Therefore, the servo system of voice coil motor is compared with the practical requirement.

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Vishnu Priya, B., and Dr JKR Sastry. "A Comparative analysis of the methods used for building Information / Content Centric Networks over Software defined networks." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.3 (March 8, 2018): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.3.10938.

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Ability to transfer huge amount of content to the target is the present-day requirements of the users which is not being used through internet-based protocol due to static nature of the internet. Software defined networks (SDN) provides the flexibility to implement any architecture as the control and data plane are separated. Information / content centric networks (ICN / CCN) can be implemented using SDN. The requirement of the massive delivery of the content can be archived through ICN/CCN.In this paper a comparative analysis of the methods used for building information centric networking ICN / CCN over software defined networks has been presented. The areas of research that needs to be undertaken further have also been cited in the paper.

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Vishnu Priya, B., and Dr JKR Sastry. "A Comparative analysis of the methods used for building Information / Content Centric Networks over Software defined networks." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.7 (March 18, 2018): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.11673.

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Ability to transfer huge amount of content to the target is the present-day requirements of the users which is not being used through internet-based protocol due to static nature of the internet. Software defined networks (SDN) provides the flexibility to implement any architecture as the control and data plane are separated. Information / content centric networks (ICN / CCN) can be implemented using SDN. The requirement of the massive delivery of the content can be archived through ICN/CCN.In this paper a comparative analysis of the methods used for building information centric networking ICN / CCN over software defined networks has been presented. The areas of research that needs to be undertaken further have also been cited in the paper.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Flexibility requirement'

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